CN113801062B - 3-氨基-5-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1h-吲唑的制备方法 - Google Patents
3-氨基-5-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1h-吲唑的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D231/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D231/56—Benzopyrazoles; Hydrogenated benzopyrazoles
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Abstract
本发明属于药物化学技术领域,涉及3‑氨基‑5‑(3,5‑二氟苄基)‑1H‑吲唑的制备方法,具体涉及恩曲替尼中间体3‑氨基‑5‑(3,5‑二氟苄基)‑1H‑吲唑的一种合成方法。包括如下步骤:(a)以1‑溴‑3,5‑二氟苯制备格氏试剂,再和2‑氟‑5‑甲酰基苯甲腈经亲核加成反应得式II化合物;(b)式II化合物与卤代试剂发生亲核取代反应得式III化合物;(c)式III化合物与水合肼发生环合反应合成吲唑环,同时还原脱去卤素得式I化合物3‑氨基‑5‑(3,5‑二氟苄基)‑1H‑吲唑。本发明采用廉价易得的原料和温和的反应条件,降低了反应成本,简化了纯化方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学技术领域,涉及3-氨基-5-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1H-吲唑的制备方法,具体涉及恩曲替尼中间体3-氨基-5-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1H-吲唑的一种合成方法。
背景技术
恩曲替尼是罗氏公司研发的一种口服的高效靶向ALK、ROS1和NTRK基因融合的激酶抑制剂。恩曲替尼通过与ATP竞争结合位点,实现抑制激酶催化活性,从而达到抑制肿瘤的治疗作用,对ALK、ROS1和NTRK基因融合的晚期或转移性肿瘤具有很强抑制作用。它与第一代ALK抑制剂克唑替尼相比,能更好地透过血脑屏障,可以避免第一代ALK抑制剂因为肿瘤发生脑转移而导致的治疗失败。
恩曲替尼中间体3-氨基-5-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1H-吲唑(I)作为一种重要的药物中间体,工业上需求量较大,其制备方法仅在专利CN 103923072A(A.洛穆巴蒂波吉亚,等.作为具有激酶抑制剂活性的取代的吲唑衍生物,CN 103923072A,2014-07-16)有报道:采用1-溴甲基-3,5-二氟苯和3-氰基-4-氟苯硼酸在四(三苯基膦)钯的作用下偶联,再与水合肼环合得3-氨基-5-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1H-吲唑。这种制备方法的主要缺点是原料3-氰基-4-氟苯硼酸价格昂贵,原料1-溴甲基-3,5-二氟苯对皮肤和呼吸道伤害较大,实验操作较为繁琐。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种对环境友好、成本较低、操作简便、适合工业化生产的方法制备恩曲替尼中间体3-氨基-5-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1H-吲唑(I)。
本发明提供了一种式I化合物3-氨基-5-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1H-吲唑的制备方法。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
式I化合物3-氨基-5-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1H-吲唑具有如下的合成步骤:
恩曲替尼中间体3-氨基-5-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1H-吲唑(I)的一种合成方法,包括如下步骤:
(a)以1-溴-3,5-二氟苯制备格氏试剂,再和2-氟-5-甲酰基苯甲腈经亲核加成反应得式II化合物;
(b)式II化合物与卤代试剂发生亲核取代反应得式III化合物;
(c)式III化合物与水合肼发生环合反应合成吲唑环,同时还原脱去卤素得式I化合物3-氨基-5-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1H-吲唑。
其中,
步骤(a)中,所述的格氏试剂的制备及对羰基的亲核加成反应,可通过许多本领域公知的方法来制备。
例如以1-溴-3,5-二氟苯和2-氟-5-甲酰基苯甲腈为起始原料,于合适的溶剂中反应。合适的溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙腈、四氢呋喃;反应温度为-20~60℃;优选四氢呋喃为反应溶剂,反应温度为-10℃。四氢呋喃为溶剂使后处理更方便,无需纯化,可直接投入下步反应;反应中2-氟-5-甲酰基苯甲腈:1-溴-3,5-二氟苯的摩尔比为1:1~2,优选1:1.2。
步骤(b)中,式II化合物的亲核取代反应可使用本领域公知的试剂,如氢卤酸、卤化磷和氯化亚砜,在合适的溶剂中进行。合适的溶剂如二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯;优选二氯甲烷为溶剂;优选试剂为氯化亚砜。式II与卤代试剂的摩尔比为1:1~3,优选1:1.1;反应温度15~40℃,优选在室温下进行。
步骤(c)中,吲唑环的环合反应可以方便地采用多种方法来制备,如苯甲醛和肼、苯基酮和肼、苯腈和羟胺等反应。合适的溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙腈、四氢呋喃;反应温度为-20~100℃,优选60℃反应;式III化合物与水合肼摩尔比为1:1~15,优选1:3。
本发明的制备方法与现有技术相比具有如下有益效果:
(1)避免使用对人体有较大危害的原料1-溴甲基-3,5-二氟苯,减少了环境污染,对环境更加友好。
(2)在合成吲唑环前,II先经亲核取代反应将苄位的羟基卤代,然后在与水合肼反应合成吲唑环时同时还原脱除卤素。这种在没有金属催化剂存在的条件下用水合肼还原卤代物且同时环合的反应未见文献报道,也未曾应用在恩曲替尼的合成中。本发明采用廉价易得的原料和温和的反应条件,降低了反应成本,简化了纯化方法。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但并不局限于此。
实施例1:5-[(3,5-二氟苯基)(羟基)甲基]-2-氟苯甲腈(II)的制备
将1-溴-3,5-二氟苯(3.34g,17.42mmol)和镁条(0.06g,24.12mmol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(50mL),氮气保护下回流8小时,再将2-氟-5-甲酰基苯甲腈(2.50g,13.40mmol)用无水四氢呋喃(20mL)溶解,滴加入反应液中,控制反应液温度为-10℃,滴加完毕后于-10℃继续反应1h。冰浴下加入10%盐酸调至pH=7,蒸除溶剂,加入乙酸乙酯30mL,用饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤(10mL×2),再用10mL水洗涤一次,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,得到白色固体3.16g,收率88.0%。m.p.62.0-64.0℃。ESI-MS m/z:264.06[M+H]+,1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.97(dd,J=6.3,2.3Hz,1H),7.80(ddd,J=8.8,5.3,2.3Hz,1H),7.48(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.18~7.12(m,2H),7.08(tt,J=9.3,2.4Hz,1H),6.41(d,J=4.1Hz,1H),5.81(d,J=3.5Hz,1H).
实施例2:5-[(3,5-二氟苯基)氯甲基]-2-氟苯甲腈(III)的制备
将5-[(3,5-二氟苯基)(羟基)甲基]-2-氟苯甲腈(3.06g,11.63mmol)溶于无水二氯甲烷(30mL),加入氯化亚砜(1.52g,12.79mmol),室温反应4h。蒸除溶剂,加入蒸馏水30mL,用乙酸乙酯萃取(10mL×3),乙酸乙酯层用20mL饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤一次,再用10mL水洗涤一次,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得到黄色油状物3.16g,收率97.0%。ESI-MS m/z:282.02[M+H]+,1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.97(dd,J=6.3,2.3Hz,1H),7.80(ddd,J=8.8,5.3,2.3Hz,1H),7.48(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.18~7.12(m,2H),7.08(tt,J=9.3,2.4Hz,1H),6.01(s,1H).
实施例3:3-氨基-5-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1H-吲唑(I)的制备
将5-[(3,5-二氟苯基)氯甲基]-2-氟苯甲腈(3g,10.67mmol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(30mL),加入水合肼(1.60g,32.01mmol),氮气保护下回流8h。冰浴下加入10%盐酸调至pH=6,析出固体,抽滤,干燥,得到白色固体1.19g,收率43.4%。m.p.210.3-212.1℃。ESI-MSm/z:260.1[M+H]+,1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.32(s,1H),7.53(s,1H),7.17(dd,J=8.4,0.8Hz,1H),7.12(dd,J=8.5,1.6Hz,1H),7.03(tt,J=9.4,2.4Hz,1H),6.95(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.93(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),5.25(s,2H),4.00(s,2H)。
Claims (13)
2.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)中,1-溴-3,5-二氟苯和2-氟-5-甲酰基苯甲腈为起始原料,于合适的溶剂中反应,所述的合适的溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙腈、四氢呋喃;反应温度为-20~60℃。
3.如权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)中,所述的合适的溶剂为四氢呋喃,反应温度为-10℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)中,2-氟-5-甲酰基苯甲腈:1-溴-3,5-二氟苯的摩尔比为1:1~2。
5.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)中,2-氟-5-甲酰基苯甲腈:1-溴-3,5-二氟苯的摩尔比为1:1.2。
6.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)中,所述的卤代试剂为氢卤酸、卤化磷或氯化亚砜,反应的溶剂为二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯。
7.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)中,所述的卤代试剂为氯化亚砜,反应的溶剂为二氯甲烷。
8.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)中,式II与卤代试剂的摩尔比为1:1~3;反应温度15~40℃。
9.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)中,式II与卤代试剂的摩尔比为1:1.1;反应温度为室温。
10.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(c)中,反应溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙腈、四氢呋喃;反应温度为-20~100℃。
11.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(c)中,反应溶剂为四氢呋喃,反应温度为60℃。
12.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(c)中,式III化合物与水合肼摩尔比为1:1~15。
13.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(c)中,式III化合物与水合肼摩尔比为1:3。
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