CN113739953B - Temperature measuring device and temperature measuring method in friction process of friction pair material - Google Patents
Temperature measuring device and temperature measuring method in friction process of friction pair material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113739953B CN113739953B CN202110891736.2A CN202110891736A CN113739953B CN 113739953 B CN113739953 B CN 113739953B CN 202110891736 A CN202110891736 A CN 202110891736A CN 113739953 B CN113739953 B CN 113739953B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/14—Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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Abstract
The invention discloses a temperature measuring device and a temperature measuring method in the friction process of a friction pair material, wherein the temperature measuring device comprises a hollow base, an extension rod, a locking cap, a clamp spring, a jack post and a temperature measuring component, the hollow base is respectively connected with the locking cap and the extension rod, the locking cap locks the clamp spring to clamp the jack post, the temperature measuring end of the temperature measuring component is embedded into the jack post, a lead end penetrates out of a through hole of the hollow base, and a lead end lead of the temperature measuring component penetrates out of a through hole at the top end of the extension rod and is connected into a data acquisition instrument to test real-time temperature change of the friction pair material in the friction process. Compared with the temperature measurement in a mode of destroying the intrinsic structure of the friction pair material, the temperature measurement method provided by the invention does not damage a research object, and is suitable for friction pair materials with various geometric dimensions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of detection of friction and wear testing machines, relates to a friction pair material temperature measuring technology, and in particular relates to a temperature measuring device and a temperature measuring method in a friction process of a friction pair material, which can be used for nondestructively detecting temperature change of the friction pair material in the friction and wear process.
Background
The friction and wear testing machine mainly determines the antifriction and wear resistance of the material application by detecting the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the material. The friction pair material inevitably generates friction heat effect on the contact surface in the process of rotation or reciprocating motion based on the difference of the material quality, roughness and mechanical property of the mating member material and the environment in the friction process. Friction heat generation, accumulation and dissipation all have a great influence on the tribological performance of the material. Therefore, for various friction pair materials, the temperature change in the friction process is detected, the relation between the temperature change rule and the tribological property can be established, and the selection, processing and application of the friction pair materials are further facilitated. The current method for acquiring temperature mainly comprises contact temperature measurement and non-contact temperature measurement, wherein the contact temperature measurement is carried out by a temperature sensor fully contacting a measured object and achieving heat balance to acquire the temperature of the surface or the inside of the object, and the temperature measurement is carried out by means of the relation between radiant energy, sound wave speed and the like and the temperature. The non-contact temperature measurement is susceptible to the environmental temperature and humidity, and the target surface emissivity must be known. The conventional contact type temperature measurement is often carried out by embedding a temperature measurement component into a friction pair material or directly placing the temperature measurement component on a friction surface, and the mode of measuring the temperature by destroying the intrinsic structure of the friction pair material is complex in operation and difficult, and the accurate measurement of the friction coefficient and the wear rate causes unpredictable influence.
Disclosure of Invention
The temperature measuring device aims at the defects and the shortcomings existing at present, and a nondestructive testing device which is simple in structure and applicable to temperature change in the friction process of friction pair materials with multiple types of geometric structures is designed.
The technical scheme adopted by the device for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a temperature measuring device in friction process of friction pair material is characterized in that: the device comprises a hollow base, a locking cap, a clamp spring, a jacking column and a temperature measuring component, wherein a first accommodating cavity for installing the clamp spring is formed in the lower end of the hollow base, a friction pair to be tested is arranged in the clamp spring, and the locking cap is used for locking the clamp spring in the first accommodating cavity; the bottom of the first accommodating cavity is provided with a second accommodating cavity for accommodating the jacking column, the lower end of the jacking column is in heat conduction contact with the friction pair to be measured, the upper end of the jacking column is provided with a temperature measuring hole, the bottom in the second accommodating cavity is provided with a through hole for clamping a temperature measuring element, and the temperature measuring element is arranged in the temperature measuring hole of the jacking column and clamped in the through hole at the bottom in the second accommodating cavity; the clamp spring is contacted with the inner portion of the first accommodating cavity by adopting a conical surface, so that when the clamp spring is locked by the locking cap, the clamp spring has an inward deformation trend, and the friction pair to be tested is locked in the first accommodating cavity.
For the irregular friction pair, a support column is further arranged in the first accommodating cavity, one end of the support column is in close contact with the support column through surface contact, and a groove matched with the end part of the friction pair to be tested in shape is formed in the other end of the support column.
Further, the outside of jump ring is equipped with annular draw-in groove, the locking cap inboard be equipped with annular draw-in groove complex bulge loop, the locking cap passes through screw-thread fit and links to each other with hollow base, when tightening the locking cap, the locking cap gives the jump ring along first holding chamber inside locking force through the cooperation of annular draw-in groove and bulge loop.
Further, the clamp spring is a cone with two large middle parts and two small middle parts made of elastic materials, the annular clamping groove is formed in the outer wall of the largest diameter part of the cone, a cylindrical hole for clamping the friction pair is formed in the middle of the cylinder, and a plurality of axial deformation grooves are formed in the periphery of the cone.
Further, the deformation grooves are alternately communicated at two ends of the cylinder, so that both ends of the cone have extrusion deformation capacity.
Further, a heat insulation ring is arranged between the top end of the top column and the bottom of the second accommodating cavity of the hollow base, and the diameter of the top column is smaller than the inner diameter of the second accommodating cavity.
Further, the heat insulation ring is made of glass fiber, asbestos or rock wool singly or in combination, and the heat insulation ring can be solid or hollow.
Further, before the temperature measuring end of the temperature measuring component is embedded into the temperature measuring hole of the top column, metal powder for increasing the heat conductivity, which is generally a small amount of metal powder with the particle size smaller than 40 μm, is embedded into the temperature measuring hole, and the metal powder is one or more of silver powder, copper powder, aluminum powder and tin powder, so that the heat transfer and the temperature measurement are uniform.
Further, the upper end of the hollow base is provided with an extension rod which is convenient to clamp, and the extension rod is connected with the hollow base through threaded fit.
Further, the temperature measuring component is one of K type, E type and PT100 type.
Further, the test friction pair material is clamped by the clamp spring and is tightly attached to the jacking column, and the geometric structure of the test friction pair material can be a sphere, a cylinder or a cube. The spherical body is also provided with a concave hemispherical supporting column, and the friction pair material can be a metal material, a high polymer material and an inorganic nonmetallic material.
A method for detecting the temperature of the temperature measuring device in real time by using any one of the above methods, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, a locking cap is connected with a clamp spring in a buckling mode and then is arranged in a first accommodating cavity of a hollow base, a friction pair to be tested is arranged in the clamp spring, and the clamp spring is locked by the locking cap to clamp the friction pair;
embedding a temperature measuring end of the temperature measuring component into a temperature measuring hole of the jack post, sleeving a heat insulation ring, and enabling a lead end of the temperature measuring component to be in interference fit with the hollow connecting through hole and penetrate out, wherein a lead wire of the temperature measuring component penetrates out of the through hole at the top end of the extension rod, so that the temperature measuring device is obtained.
And thirdly, clamping the friction pair material by using a temperature measuring device clamp spring, tightly attaching the friction pair material to the jacking column, and connecting a wire penetrating out of a through hole at the top end of the extension rod into a data acquisition instrument to test the real-time temperature change of the friction pair material in the friction process.
According to the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the temperature measuring device can detect the temperature change condition of the friction pair material in the friction process in real time, and provides a reliable data source for researching the mechanism of friction heat on abrasion under the heavy-load high-speed working condition. Meanwhile, compared with the temperature measurement in a mode of damaging the intrinsic structure of the friction pair material, the temperature measurement method provided by the invention does not damage a research object, and is suitable for friction pair materials with various geometric dimensions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a three-dimensional structure of a temperature measuring device in embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein a friction arm is included.
FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of the temperature measuring device in embodiment 1 of the present invention. Wherein the extension rod shows only the portion that meets the connecting rod.
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the temperature measuring device in embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which the extension rod and the wire are omitted.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow base in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the snap spring in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of different speeds on temperature change during friction and wear experiments of spherical friction pair materials.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of different loads on temperature change during friction and wear experiments of spherical friction pair materials.
FIG. 8 is a front sectional view of a temperature measuring device according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Reference numerals: the temperature measuring device comprises a 1-temperature measuring device, a 2-friction arm, a 3-polyimide pair, an 11-extension rod, a 12-hollow base, a 13-locking cap, a 14-clamp spring, a 15-jacking column, a 16-heat insulation ring, a 17-temperature measuring component, an 18-wire, a 19-concave hemispherical support column, a 20-cylinder friction pair, a 110-spherical friction pair material, a 131-convex ring, a 141-annular clamping groove, a 142-first conical surface, a 143-second conical surface, a 144-deformation groove, a 145-cylindrical hole, a 121-through hole, a 122-first accommodating cavity, a 123-second accommodating cavity, a 151-temperature measuring hole, a 171-temperature measuring end and a 172-lead end.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1: the friction and wear test is carried out on the spherical test sample serving as a friction pair material and a butt piece of the butt piece Germany win P84NT1 type polyimide molded product, and the temperature change of the spherical test sample friction pair material is measured through the temperature measuring component 17.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the invention discloses a temperature measuring device, which comprises a hollow base 12, an extension rod 11, a locking cap 13, a clamping spring 14, a jacking column 15 and a temperature measuring component 17. The connection relation is as follows: the locking cap 13 is in snap connection with the clamp spring 14 through the convex ring 131 and the annular clamping groove 141, the upper end and the lower end of the hollow base 12 are respectively in bolt connection with the locking cap 13 and the extension rod 11, and the clamp spring 14 is locked by the locking cap 13 so as to clamp the friction pair material and the jacking column 15. The temperature measuring end 171 of the temperature measuring component 17 is embedded into the temperature measuring hole 151 of the top column 15 and sleeved with the heat insulation ring 16, the lead end 172 of the temperature measuring component 17 is in interference fit with the through hole 121 of the hollow base 12 and penetrates out, the lead wire 18 of the temperature measuring component 17 penetrates out of the through hole at the top end of the extension rod 11, and the temperature measuring device 1 is obtained, and the temperature measuring device 1 is vertically connected with the friction arm 2. The spherical friction pair material 110 is matched with the concave hemispherical support column 19, the friction pair material is clamped by the clamp spring 14 of the temperature measuring device 1 and is tightly attached to the support column 15, a wire 18 penetrating out of a through hole at the top end of the extension rod 11 is connected into the data acquisition instrument, and the real-time temperature change of the friction pair material in the friction process is tested.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, a first accommodating cavity 122 for installing the clamp spring 14 is provided at the lower end of the hollow base 12, the clamp spring 14 is used for installing a friction pair to be tested, and the locking cap 13 is used for locking the clamp spring 14 in the first accommodating cavity 122; the bottom of the first accommodating cavity 122 is provided with a second accommodating cavity 123 for accommodating the top column 15, a through hole 121 for clamping a temperature measuring element is arranged at the bottom in the second accommodating cavity 123, and the temperature measuring element 17 is arranged in the temperature measuring hole 151 of the top column 15 and clamped in the through hole 121 at the bottom in the second accommodating cavity 123; the jump ring 14 adopts the conical surface contact with the inside of first holding chamber 122 for when locking cap 13 locking jump ring 14, jump ring 14 has inwards deformation trend, thereby will await measuring friction pair locking in first holding chamber 122.
In this embodiment, the first accommodating cavity 122 is a tapered hole with a large outer portion and a small inner portion, and the corresponding portion of the clamp spring 14 is tapered, so that when the clamp spring 14 is locked in the first accommodating cavity 122 under the action of the locking cap 13, an even clamping force is generated on the friction by-product, and the clamping force is prevented from being concentrated on a certain portion of the friction pair, so that the friction pair is deformed or broken.
The locking cap 13 is in threaded fit with the lower end of the hollow base 12, and the clamp spring 14 is axially compressed along the hollow base 12 in the process of tightening the locking cap 13.
As shown in fig. 5, the invention provides a structure of a snap spring 14, wherein the snap spring 14 is a cone made of elastic material and having two large middle ends and two small middle ends, and is respectively provided with a first conical surface 142 and a second conical surface 143, the first conical surface 142 is matched with a first accommodating cavity 122, the second conical surface 143 is matched with the conical surface of a locking cap 13, the annular clamping groove 141 is arranged on the outer wall of the largest diameter of the cone, the middle part of the cylinder is provided with a cylindrical hole 145 for clamping a friction pair, and the periphery of the cone is provided with a plurality of axial deformation grooves 144; the deformation grooves 144 are alternately penetrated at both ends of the cylinder, so that both ends of the cone have extrusion deformation capability. Thus, when the snap spring 14 is deformed by contact with the first accommodating chamber 122 under the pressing of the locking cap 13, the inner cylindrical hole 145 can be uniformly contracted and deformed, and a uniform clamping force is generated on the friction by-product.
The snap spring 14 in the embodiment of the invention can be made of steel, copper and other materials with certain elasticity, and can also be made of engineering plastics.
It should be noted that, the extension rod 11 of the present invention is only convenient for fixedly mounting the hollow base 12 on the friction tester, and the specific shape and shape of the extension rod 11 have no great influence on the technical problem of the present invention, and can be replaced by any shape of connecting piece.
It should be noted that, the shape of the locking cap 13 of the present invention may be a nut type, as long as it is capable of being screwed with the hollow base 12, and a through hole for the friction pair to extend is provided at the lower end of the locking cap 13, in this embodiment, the through hole is larger than the diameter of the friction pair and is equal to the outer diameter of the end of the clip spring 14.
Working principle: in the friction and wear test, a certain normal pressure is applied to the temperature measuring device 1 along the axial direction of the hollow base 12, so that the spherical friction pair material 110 is in direct contact with the polyimide coupling 3, and the polyimide coupling 3 performs reciprocating or rotating motion with a certain frequency. During the mutual friction and abrasion process of the spherical friction pair material 110 and the polyimide coupling piece 3, a large amount of heat is generated at the friction interface, and then is transferred to the temperature measuring component 17 through thermal diffusion. The temperature measuring component 17 converts the temperature signal into thermal electromotive force, and is connected with a data acquisition instrument through a lead 18, and the change rule of the temperature of the spherical friction pair material 110 along with time in the friction process is obtained through conversion.
Further, in the course of the friction and wear test, in order to explore the influence of the friction speed on the change of the friction pair material temperature, the load was set to 80N, and the frequencies of the polyimide friction pair material during reciprocating motion were set to 6Hz, 8Hz and 10Hz, respectively. The reciprocating stroke is set to be 8mm, and the friction speeds of the polyimide friction pair materials are respectively 96mm/s, 128mm/s and 160mm/s through conversion. The measured end temperature values were 50.2℃and 55.6℃and 66.17 ℃when the speeds were 96mm/s, 128mm/s and 160mm/s, respectively. To explore the effect of friction speed on the change in friction pair material temperature, the friction speed was set at 6Hz (96 mm/s) with normal loads of 80N, 100N, 120N, respectively. As is clear from FIG. 7, the end point temperatures were measured at 50.2℃and 53.1℃and 57.5℃after 1 hour of the frictional wear test at the loads of 80N, 100N and 120N, respectively.
In addition, as can be seen from fig. 6 and fig. 7, under different experimental conditions, the time and the rate of the friction pair material rising from the normal temperature to the equilibrium temperature also differ. Therefore, the temperature measuring device 1 of the invention is adopted to sort and analyze the data acquired in real time through the data acquisition instrument, and has important theoretical guidance and practical significance for researching the temperature change of the friction pair material under different friction working conditions.
Example 2: otherwise, the test object is a cylindrical friction pair 20, so the concave hemispherical support column 19 is omitted, and the cylindrical friction pair 20 is directly contacted with the top column 15.
The temperature measuring device 1 of the present invention can test not only spherical geometric samples and cylinders, but also temperature changes during frictional wear of conical bodies, cubic friction pair materials, and the like. Corresponding support columns are selected to be in contact with the jacking columns 15 according to friction pairs in different shapes, the heat conductivity is improved through the support columns, and the problem that the direct contact heat conduction capacity of friction pair materials and the jacking columns 15 is insufficient is solved.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not limiting of the present invention. While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations, modifications, and substitutions can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A temperature measuring device in friction process of friction pair material is characterized in that: the device comprises a hollow base, a locking cap, a clamp spring, a jacking column and a temperature measuring component, wherein a first accommodating cavity for installing the clamp spring is formed in the lower end of the hollow base, a friction pair to be tested is arranged in the clamp spring, and the locking cap is used for locking the clamp spring in the first accommodating cavity; the bottom of the first accommodating cavity is provided with a second accommodating cavity for accommodating the jacking column, the lower end of the jacking column is in heat conduction contact with the friction pair to be measured, the upper end of the jacking column is provided with a temperature measuring hole, the bottom in the second accommodating cavity is provided with a through hole for clamping a temperature measuring element, and the temperature measuring element is arranged in the temperature measuring hole of the jacking column and clamped in the through hole at the bottom in the second accommodating cavity; the clamp spring is contacted with the inner part of the first accommodating cavity by adopting a conical surface, so that when the clamp spring is locked by the locking cap, the clamp spring has an inward deformation trend, and the friction pair to be tested is locked in the first accommodating cavity;
the outer side of the clamp spring is provided with an annular clamping groove, the inner side of the locking cap is provided with a convex ring matched with the annular clamping groove, the locking cap is connected with the hollow base through threaded fit, and when the locking cap is screwed down, the locking cap gives the clamp spring an inward locking force along the first accommodating cavity through the fit of the annular clamping groove and the convex ring;
the clamping spring is a cone with a large middle part and two small ends made of elastic materials, the annular clamping groove is arranged on the outer wall of the cone at the maximum diameter part, a cylindrical hole for clamping the friction pair is formed in the middle of the cylinder, and a plurality of axial deformation grooves are formed in the periphery of the cone;
the deformation grooves are alternately communicated at two ends of the cylinder, so that both ends of the cone have extrusion deformation capability.
2. The temperature measurement device of claim 1, wherein: for the irregular friction pair, a support column is further arranged in the first accommodating cavity, one end of the support column is in close contact with the support column through surface contact, and a groove matched with the end part of the friction pair to be tested in shape is formed in the other end of the support column.
3. The temperature measurement device of claim 1, wherein: and a heat insulation ring is arranged between the top end of the jacking column and the bottom of the second accommodating cavity of the hollow base, and the diameter of the jacking column is smaller than the inner diameter of the second accommodating cavity.
4. A temperature measuring device according to claim 3, wherein: the heat insulation ring is made of glass fiber, asbestos or rock wool singly or in combination.
5. The temperature measurement device of claim 1, wherein: before the temperature measuring end of the temperature measuring component is embedded into the temperature measuring hole of the top column, metal powder for increasing the heat conductivity is filled into the temperature measuring hole.
6. The temperature measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the upper end of the hollow base is provided with an extension rod which is convenient to clamp, and the extension rod is connected with the hollow base through threaded fit.
7. A method for detecting the temperature in real time by using the temperature measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, a locking cap is connected with a clamp spring in a buckling mode and then is arranged in a first accommodating cavity of a hollow base, a friction pair to be tested is arranged in the clamp spring, and the clamp spring is locked by the locking cap to clamp the friction pair;
embedding a temperature measuring end of a temperature measuring component into a temperature measuring hole of a top column, sleeving a heat insulation ring, and enabling a lead end of the temperature measuring component to be in interference fit with the hollow connecting through hole and penetrate out, wherein a lead wire of the temperature measuring component penetrates out of the through hole at the top end of the extension rod to obtain a temperature measuring device;
and thirdly, clamping the friction pair material by using a temperature measuring device clamp spring, tightly attaching the friction pair material to the jacking column, and connecting a wire penetrating out of a through hole at the top end of the extension rod into a data acquisition instrument to test the real-time temperature change of the friction pair material in the friction process.
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| CN202110891736.2A CN113739953B (en) | 2021-08-04 | 2021-08-04 | Temperature measuring device and temperature measuring method in friction process of friction pair material |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110891736.2A CN113739953B (en) | 2021-08-04 | 2021-08-04 | Temperature measuring device and temperature measuring method in friction process of friction pair material |
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| CN113739953B true CN113739953B (en) | 2023-07-25 |
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| CN102759489A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2012-10-31 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Multifunctional vacuum friction and wear testing machine |
| DE102013213805A1 (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2015-01-15 | Federal-Mogul Friction Products Gmbh | Brake pad and system for measuring the temperature of a brake |
| CN104964760A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-10-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | Dry friction pair infrared thermocouple embedded type dynamic temperature measurement method |
| CN205940788U (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2017-02-08 | 兰州交通大学 | Friction secondary surface transient temperature measurement system |
| CN108414105A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-08-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of dynamic temperature measurement method that the emulation secondary for dry friction is coupled with experiment |
| CN110220603A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-09-10 | 宁波大学 | A kind of friction-wear test temperature measurement system and method |
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2021
- 2021-08-04 CN CN202110891736.2A patent/CN113739953B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102759489A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2012-10-31 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Multifunctional vacuum friction and wear testing machine |
| DE102013213805A1 (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2015-01-15 | Federal-Mogul Friction Products Gmbh | Brake pad and system for measuring the temperature of a brake |
| CN104964760A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-10-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | Dry friction pair infrared thermocouple embedded type dynamic temperature measurement method |
| CN205940788U (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2017-02-08 | 兰州交通大学 | Friction secondary surface transient temperature measurement system |
| CN108414105A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-08-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of dynamic temperature measurement method that the emulation secondary for dry friction is coupled with experiment |
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