CN113632293A - 由高分子量聚乙烯制备的注射成型的医疗器械 - Google Patents
由高分子量聚乙烯制备的注射成型的医疗器械 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113632293A CN113632293A CN202080024660.7A CN202080024660A CN113632293A CN 113632293 A CN113632293 A CN 113632293A CN 202080024660 A CN202080024660 A CN 202080024660A CN 113632293 A CN113632293 A CN 113632293A
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- weight polyethylene
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Abstract
一种高分子量聚乙烯聚合物,其被配制为使得聚合物能够被注射成型。所述聚乙烯聚合物的粘度值大于约400ml/g,并且熔融流动速率大于约0.9g/10min。所述聚乙烯聚合物具有高纯度并且尤其非常适合于生产医疗产品。
Description
相关申请
本申请基于并且要求申请日为2019年3月25日的美国临时专利申请号62/823,166的优先权,其通过引用并入本文。
背景技术
聚乙烯已经在各种应用中作为一种极其有用的工程材料而被认可,部分原因在于其独特的期望性质的组合。例如,相较于其他热塑性聚合物,高分子量聚乙烯聚合物颗粒可以呈现出改善的耐磨损性(abrasion resistance)、耐化学性、润滑性、冲击强度、耐应力开裂性、热挠曲温度、耐磨性(wear resistance)和高应力速率下的能量吸收能力。
高分子量聚乙烯聚合物通常包括线性聚乙烯聚合物,并且能够通过非常高的聚合度而与其他聚乙烯等级进行区分。实际上,高聚合度是以下事实的原因:这些聚合物在熔融时流动不佳,并且实际上显示出每10分钟0克的熔融流动指数。因此,使用诸如加压烧结和柱塞挤出的特殊加工方法来将这些聚合物形成物件。
然而,如上所述,高分子量聚乙烯聚合物具有使其适合于许多应用的各种优异性质。例如,高分子量聚乙烯聚合物可以具有即使在非常低的温度下也会保持的非常高的冲击强度。实际上,可以生产出在经历ISO 179测试的缺口冲击强度测试时不会断裂的高分子量聚乙烯聚合物。
高分子量聚乙烯聚合物还具有相对较宽的工作温度范围并且极其耐磨。此外,高分子量聚乙烯具有优异的耐磨损性,其耐磨损性可以与钢一样好或者比钢更好。
高分子量聚乙烯聚合物还可以被生产为是生物相容的。因此,该聚合物在过去已经被用来生产各种医疗器械,例如骨科植入物。
然而,存在对能够注射成型以生产医疗产品的高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的需求。高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的注射成型的能力例如可以允许使用聚合物来生产更小型的医疗器械或者除此之外更有效率地生产各种不同类型的医疗产品。因此,存在对仍保留由低流动性聚乙烯聚合物所呈现出的很多性质的、能够注射成型的高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的需求。
发明内容
本公开一般性地涉及一种高分子量聚乙烯聚合物组合物,其非常适合于生产医疗产品。所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物例如是生物相容的,并且可以用于各种不同类型的医疗应用,包括植入物、假体器械、药物输送器械等等。根据本公开,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物被配制为具有足以使聚合物用于注射成型工艺以生产医疗产品的熔融流动性质。
在一个实施例中,例如,本公开涉及一种包括注射成型的聚合物物件的医疗器械。所述聚合物物件包含高分子量聚乙烯聚合物。当根据ISO 1133测试在190℃下并且以21.6kg的负荷测量时,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的熔融流动指数大于约0.8g/10min,例如大于约0.9g/10min,并且通常小于约3g/10min,例如小于约2g/10min。另外,当根据ISO1628-3测试进行检测时,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的粘度值可以大于约400cm3/g,例如大于约500cm3/g,并且通常小于约900cm3/g。例如,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的分子量可以大于约350,000g/mol,例如约500,000g/mol至约5,000,000g/mol。如本文所使用的分子量根据ASTM D4020测试来确定。当根据ISO 1183-1测试的方法A进行检测时,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的比重可以为约0.93g/cm3至约0.97g/cm3。
所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物是生物相容的并且可以被生产以满足ISO 10993测试的测试要求。例如,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物可以通过对于全身性毒性的ISO 10993-11测试,可以通过对于皮内反应的ISO 10993-10测试,可以通过对于两周肌肉植入的ISO10993-6测试,可以通过对于细胞毒性的ISO 10993-5测试,可以通过对于基因毒性的ISO10993-3测试,可以通过对于溶血反应的ISO 10993-4测试,并且可以通过对于物理化学的USP 661测试。
本公开的聚合物物件可以主要由所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物制成。例如,聚合物物件可以包含量大于约70wt%,例如量大于约80wt%,例如量大于约90wt%,例如量大于约95wt%的所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物。所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物可以是均聚物或者可以包括共聚物。例如,在一个实施例中,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物可以是乙烯与包括丙烯、丁烯或其混合物的至少一种单体的共聚物。在一个实施例中,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物可以用于生产物件,然后进行交联。
聚合物物件可以包含除所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物之外的各种其他成分。例如,聚合物物件可以包含活性药物成分、显像剂、增强材料等等。
可以由所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物制备各种不同类型的医疗器械。例如,医疗器械可以包括假体或植入物。在一个实施例中,医疗器械可以具有管状形状,用于传输液体或用于包覆电气元件(例如电线)。
在一个实施例中,聚合物物件可以被包含在芯片、RFID器械、泵、外科仪器或神经刺激器中。在其他实施例中,聚合物物件可以包括饲管、导管、可膨胀球囊、支架、心脏瓣膜、耳蜗植入物、颅颌面植入物、人造软骨、胃环、血管钳、动脉瘤夹、脊椎塞(spinal plug)、用于人工关节的基板柱帽(base-plate stem cap)、肌肉植入物、鼻咽植入物、喉部植入物、口腔黏膜嵌体(oromucosal insert)、子宫内避孕器、阴道避孕环或者齿纤维。在另一个实施例中,医疗器械可以包括药物输送器械、透皮贴片或者皮下植入物。
本公开还涉及一种用于使医疗产品注射成型的方法。在另一个实施例中,本公开涉及一种用于将上述医疗器械植入患者内的方法。
在下文更详细地讨论本公开的其他特征和方面。
具体实施方式
本领域技术人员应当理解,本讨论仅是示例性实施例的描述,并非意在限制本公开的更广泛的方面。
一般来说,本公开涉及一种包括高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的聚乙烯组合物,其不仅是生物相容的,而且能够通过注射成型被熔融加工。聚乙烯聚合物组合物非常适合于生产各种不同类型的医疗产品。由于聚合物组合物可以被注射成型,聚乙烯聚合物组合物尤其非常适合于生产小型医疗器械或者其中注射成型在生产效率方面提供有利条件或者提供多种其他益处和优点的其他医疗物件。
聚合物组合物中存在的聚乙烯聚合物在仍能够被注射成型的同时具有尽可能高的分子量。聚乙烯聚合物例如是高分子量聚乙烯聚合物,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的熔融流动速率为至少约0.5g/10min,例如至少约0.7g/10min,例如至少约0.9g/10min,例如至少约1.1g/10min,例如至少约1.3g/10min,并且通常小于约2.5g/10min,例如小于约2.3g/10min,例如小于约2g/10min,例如小于约1.8g/10min。熔融流动指数按照ISO 1133测试在190℃下以21.6kg的负荷测量。
高分子量聚乙烯聚合物具有高纯度并且是生物相容的。更具体地,本公开的组合物中的聚乙烯聚合物通过了ISO 10993测试的至少大多数要求。例如,聚乙烯聚合物通过了对于全身性毒性的ISO 10993-11测试,通过了对于皮内反应的ISO 10993-10测试,通过了对于两周肌肉植入的ISO 10993-6测试,通过了对于细胞毒性的ISO 10993-5测试,通过了对于基因毒性的ISO 10993-3测试,通过了对于溶血反应的ISO 10993-4测试,并且通过了对于物理化学的USP 661测试。
高分子量聚乙烯可以是均聚物、共聚物或其掺合物。在一个实施例中,聚乙烯可以是均聚物。
在另一个实施例中,聚乙烯可以是共聚物。例如,聚乙烯可以是乙烯与含有3至16个碳原子,例如含有3至10个碳原子,例如含有3至8个碳原子的另一种烯烃的共聚物。这些其他烯烃包括但不限于丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、4-甲基戊-1-烯、1-癸烯、1-十二烯、1-十六烯等等。本文还可利用多烯共聚单体,例如1,3-己二烯、1,4-己二烯、环戊二烯、双环戊二烯、4-乙烯基环已-1-烯、1,5-环辛二烯、5-亚乙烯基-2-降冰片烯和5-乙烯基-2-降冰片烯。然而,当存在时,共聚物中非烯类单体的量可以小于约10mol.%,例如小于约5mol.%,例如小于约2.5mol.%,例如小于约1mol.%,其中mol.%基于聚合物中的单体的总摩尔数。
在一个实施例中,聚乙烯可以呈现双峰型分子量分布。例如,双峰型分布通常是指聚合物在凝胶渗透色谱曲线上具有明显较高的分子量和明显较低的分子量(例如,两个明显的峰)。在另一个实施例中,聚乙烯可以呈现超过两个分子量分布的峰,例如聚乙烯呈现多峰型(例如三峰型、四峰型等)分布。可替代地,聚乙烯可以呈现宽分子量分布,其中聚乙烯由较高和较低分子量组分的掺合物组成,使得尺寸排阻色谱或者凝胶渗透色谱曲线不是显示至少两个明显的峰而是显示比单组分峰更宽的一个明显峰。
在一个实施例中,组合物可以由多于一种聚乙烯聚合物组成,每一种具有不同的分子量和/或分子量分布。例如,分子量分布可以在上文提供的平均分子量规格之内。
另外,组合物可以由一种或多种聚乙烯聚合物或共聚物和诸如聚丙烯或聚丁烯等另一种热塑性聚合物的掺合物组成。然而,组合物中的非聚乙烯类聚合物可以少于约10wt.%,例如少于约5wt.%,例如少于约2.5wt.%,例如少于约1wt.%,其中wt.%基于组合物的总重量。
本领域已知的任何方法都可以用来合成聚乙烯。高分子量聚乙烯粉末通常通过对乙烯单体以及可选地一种或多种其他1-烯烃共聚单体使用非均相催化剂以及作为助催化剂的有机铝或镁化合物进行催化聚合来生产,最终的聚合物中的1-烯烃含量小于或等于乙烯含量的10%。乙烯通常在相对较低的温度和压力下以气态相或者浆态相进行聚合。聚合反应可以在50℃至100℃之间的温度下和0.02至2MPa范围内的压力下进行。
聚乙烯的分子量可以通过加氢气来调节。温度和/或助催化剂的种类和浓度的改变也可以用来微调分子量。另外,反应可以在抗静电剂的存在下发生,以避免弄脏壁和污染产品。
合适的催化剂体系包括但不限于齐格勒-纳塔(Ziegler-Natta)类催化剂。通常齐格勒-纳塔类催化剂是由周期表的4至8族的过渡金属化合物和周期表的1至3族的金属的烷基或氢化衍生物组合得到的。经常使用的过渡金属衍生物包括金属卤化物或酯类或其组合。示例性的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂包括基于有机铝或镁化合物(例如但不限于烷基铝或镁)和钛、钒或铬氯化物或酯类的反应产物的催化剂。非均相催化剂可以未被负载或被负载到多孔细粒的材料上,例如氧化硅或氯化镁上。这种载体可以在催化剂的合成期间进行添加,或者可以作为催化剂的合成本身的化学反应产物来获得。
在一个实施例中,合适的催化剂体系可以通过钛(IV)化合物与三烷基铝化合物在惰性有机溶剂中在-40℃至100℃,优选地-20℃至50℃范围内的温度下的反应来获得。起始材料的浓度对于钛(IV)化合物在0.1至9mol/L,优选地0.2至5mol/L的范围内,并且对于三烷基铝化合物在0.01至1mol/L,优选地0.02至0.2mol/L的范围内。在0.1min至60min,优选地,在1min至30min的时间段内将钛组分加入到铝组分,最终的混合物中的钛和铝的摩尔比在1:0.01至1:4的范围内。
在另一个实施例中,合适的催化剂体系通过钛(IV)化合物与三烷基铝化合物在惰性有机溶剂中在-40℃至200℃,优选地-20℃至150℃范围内的温度下的一步或两步反应来获得。在第一步中,钛(IV)化合物与三烷基铝化合物在-40℃至100℃,优选地-20℃至50℃的范围内的温度下反应,使用的钛与铝的摩尔比在1:0.1至1:0.8的范围内。起始材料的浓度对于钛(IV)化合物在0.1至9.1mol/L,优选地5至9.1mol/L的范围内,并且对于三烷基铝化合物在0.05至1mol/L,优选地0.1至0.9mol/L的范围内。在0.1min至800min,优选地,在30min至600min的时间段内将钛组分加入到铝化合物。在第二步(如果使用)中,在-10℃至150℃,优选地10℃至130℃的范围内的温度下用三烷基铝化合物处理在第一步中获得的反应产物,使用的钛与铝的摩尔比在1:0.01至1:5的范围内。
在又一个实施例中,合适的催化剂体系通过以下程序获得,其中在第一反应阶段中,醇化镁与氯化钛在惰性碳氢化合物中在50℃至100℃的温度下反应。在第二反应阶段中,所形成的反应混合物在110℃至200℃的温度下进行热处理约10至100小时的时间段,其伴随着烷基氯化物的逐步形成,直至不再形成烷基氯化物,然后通过用碳氢化合物洗涤数次来使固体与可溶性反应产物分离。
在再一个实施例中,也可以使用负载于氧化硅(silica)上的催化剂,例如市场上可买到的催化剂体系Sylopol 5917。
使用这种催化剂体系,聚合通常在悬浮液中在低的压力和温度下以一步或多步连续或分批进行。聚合温度通常在30℃至130℃的范围内,优选地,在50℃至90℃的范围内,并且乙烯的分压通常小于10MPa,优选地,0.05和5MPa。三烷基铝,例如但不限于异丁基异戊基铝(isoprenyl aluminum)和三异丁基铝,被用作助催化剂,使得Al:Ti(助催化剂:催化剂)的比例在0.01-100:1的范围内,更优选地,在0.03-50:1的范围内。溶剂是通常用于齐格勒(Ziegler)类型的聚合的惰性有机溶剂。例子是丁烷、戊烷、己烷、环己烯、辛烷、壬烷、癸烷、它们的同分异构体及其混合物。聚合物分子质量通过供应氢气来控制。氢气分压与乙烯分压的比例在0至50的范围内,优选地,在0至10的范围内。在流化床干燥器中在氮气下分离和干燥聚合物。如果使用了高沸点溶剂,可以通过蒸汽蒸馏去除溶剂。长链脂肪酸的盐可以作为稳定剂进行添加。常用例子为钙、镁和锌硬脂酸盐。
可选地,可以使用其他催化剂,例如菲利普斯(Phillips)催化剂,茂金属和后茂金属。通常还使用诸如铝氧烷(alumoxane)或烷基铝或烷基镁化合物的助催化剂。例如Fritzsche等人的美国专利申请公开号2002/0040113讨论了若干用于生产高分子量聚乙烯的催化剂体系,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。其他合适的催化剂体系包括酚盐醚(phenolate ether)配体的4族金属配合物,例如在国际专利公开号WO2012/004675中描述的,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
如本文所使用的聚乙烯的根据ASTM D4020测试所确定的平均分子量至少为或大于100,000g/mol,例如至少为约200,000g/mol,例如至少为约300,000g/mol,例如至少为约350,000g/mol,例如至少为约450,000g/mol,例如至少为约500,000g/mol,例如至少为约600,000g/mol,例如大于约1,000,000g/mol,例如大于约1,500,000g/mol,例如大于约2,000,000g/mol,并且通常小于约5,000,000g/mol,例如小于约3,000,000g/mol,例如小于约1,000,000g/mol。例如,聚合物的平均分子量可以大于约300,000g/mol并且小于约5,000,000g/mol,包括其间的25,000g/mol的所有增量。
聚乙烯可以以粉末的形式,例如微粉的形式制造。例如,聚乙烯粉末可以是能自由流动的粉末。聚乙烯粉末可以具有多叶形的(像爆米花的)形貌。粉末的平均粒度d50可以不超过2,000μm,例如在约10μm和约1,500μm之间,例如约50μm至约650μm,例如约50至约400μm,例如约50至约200μm。优选地,合成的聚合物具有所期望的粒度。然而,如果合成的聚合物的粒度超过所期望的值,可以将颗粒研磨至所期望的粒度。粉末的粒度可以根据ISO 13320使用激光衍射法进行测量。
当根据ISO 1628第3部分使用在十氢化萘中0.0002g/mL的浓度测定时,聚乙烯的粘度值可以为至少100mL/g,例如至少200mL/g,例如至少300mL/g,例如至少400mL/g,例如至少500mL/g至小于约2,000mL/g,例如小于约1,500mL/g,例如小于约1,000mL/g,例如小于约800mL/g,例如小于约600mL/g。
聚乙烯在组合物中的存在量可以大于约70wt.%,例如大于约75wt.%,例如大于约80wt.%,例如大于约85wt.%,例如大于约90wt.%,例如大于约95wt.%,例如大于约98wt.%,并且小于约100wt.%,例如小于约98wt.%,例如小于约95wt.%。上述的量可以适用于单种高分子量聚乙烯聚合物,或者可以适用于高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的掺合物。然而,在一个实施例中,仅使用单种高分子量聚乙烯聚合物来生产聚合物物件。
如上所述,高分子量聚乙烯聚合物通常具有高纯度。在这一方面,高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的灰分含量可以小于约500ppm,例如小于约250ppm,例如小于约100ppm,例如小于约50ppm,例如小于约10ppm。当根据ISO 1183测试检测时,通常高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的比重可以通常大于约0.93g/cm3,例如大于约0.94g/cm3,例如大于约0.95g/cm3,并且通常小于约0.97g/cm3。
聚合物组合物和由其生产的聚合物物件还可以含有其他已知的添加剂,例如抗氧化剂、UV稳定剂、光稳定剂、热稳定剂、增强纤维或填料、润滑剂、光亮剂、着色剂、脱模剂、交联剂、增塑剂、颜料、抗静电剂等等。在一个实施例中,任何存在于聚合物中的聚合物添加剂都是生物相容的。
在一些实施例中,抗氧化剂在储存、运输和/或实施(体内和/或体外)期间减缓本文描述的聚乙烯组合物的氧化和/或化学降解。在一些实施例中,适合于与本文描述的聚乙烯组合物结合使用的抗氧化剂的例子包括但不限于抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽、硫辛酸、尿酸、白藜芦醇、类黄酮、胡萝卜素(例如β-胡萝卜素)、类胡萝卜素、生育酚(例如α-生育酚)、生育三烯酚、泛醇、褪黑素、二级芳香胺、苯并呋喃酮、受阻酚、多酚、受阻胺、有机磷化合物、硫代酸酯、苯甲酸酯、内酯、羟胺及其任意组合。
在一些实施例中,增强填料尤其可以增强本文所述的聚乙烯组合物的机械强度。在一些实施例中,适合于与本文描述的聚乙烯组合物结合使用的增强填料的例子包括但不限于玻璃球、玻璃纤维、生物玻璃、石墨、铝粉、滑石粉、白垩、硅酸盐、碳酸盐、碳酸钙、三水合氧化铝、大理石粉、水泥粉、粘土、长石、煅制氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化镁、氢氧化镁、氧化锑、氧化锌、硫酸钡、硅酸铝、硅酸钙、二氧化钛、钛酸盐、玻璃微球、碳纤维、金属纤维、碳纳米管、木粉、炭黑等等及其任意组合。
在一些实施例中,适合于与本文描述的聚乙烯组合物结合使用的颜料或染料的例子包括但不限于基于无机的着色剂、基于有机的着色剂等等及其任意组合。
在一些实施例中,适合于与本文描述的聚乙烯组合物结合使用的防污剂的例子包括但不限于磺胺类、盘尼西林、头孢菌素、碳青霉烯、喹诺酮、恶唑烷酮、季铵化合物、贵金属(例如,银、金、铜等等)、含胺聚合物等等及其任意组合。
这些添加剂可以单独使用或者以其任意组合使用。通常,除非另外说明,如果使用了添加剂,则添加剂的存在量可以为至少约0.05wt.%,例如至少约0.1wt.%,例如至少约0.25wt.%,例如至少约0.5wt.%,例如至少约1wt.%,并且通常小于约20wt.%,例如小于约10wt.%,例如小于约5wt.%,例如小于约4wt.%,例如小于约2wt.%。聚合物组合物中使用的包括任何添加剂(如果存在)的所有组分的wt.%的总和将为100wt.%。
在一个实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物组合物可以含有活性药物成分和/或至少一种显像剂。活性药物成分可以表面涂覆到聚合物物件上,或者可以与聚合物均匀地混合。通常,任何合适的活性药物成分都可以被包含在聚合物物件中。
显像剂也可以被包含在聚合物物件中,其与电磁辐射相互作用,使得聚合物物件可以更好地通过X射线或其他成像系统来鉴定。在一些实施例中,适合于与本文描述的聚乙烯组合物结合使用的显像剂的例子包括但不限于磁共振显像剂(例如,硫酸钡、氧化铁颗粒、钆化合物、铒化合物、钆内嵌富勒烯(endofullerene)、钆内嵌纳米管(endonanotube))、X射线显像剂(例如,硫酸钡、碘化合物和碘内嵌纳米管)、超声显像剂(例如,全氟化碳和空气气泡)、近红外显像剂(例如,碳纳米管、金纳米颗粒、银纳米颗粒和金纳米壳层)、铋化合物、钨化合物等等及其任意组合。通常,显像剂可以以约0.01wt.%至约5wt.%的量存在于聚合物组合物中。
本公开的聚合物组合物可以用于生产很多不同类型的医疗产品。例如,聚乙烯聚合物组合物可以用于生产假体器械、植入物等等。聚合物组合物还可以用于生产医疗仪器和各种不同类型的管状器械,例如导管、吸入器等等。
可以根据本公开制备的医疗产品的例子包括但不限于芯片、RFID标签、管、泵、饲管、导管、血管导管、假体、可膨胀球囊、支架、心脏瓣膜、神经刺激器、耳蜗植入物、颅颌面植入物、人造软骨、胃环、外科仪器、血管钳、动脉瘤夹、与关节融合系统结合使用的脊椎塞、用于在人工关节中使用的基板、肌肉植入物、鼻咽植入物、喉部植入物、药物输送器械、透皮贴片、皮下植入物、口腔黏膜嵌体、子宫内避孕器、阴道避孕环、齿纤维、髋关节植入物、胫骨植入物、腕关节植入物、手植入物、它们的一部分等等。
在一些实施例中,本发明的成型的聚乙烯构件可以是管道,该管道包括限定内部容积的至少一个壁,所述至少一个壁包括本文描述的聚乙烯组合物。
在一些实施例中,管道成型的聚乙烯构件可以被设计成允许流体流过内部容积。例如,诸如泵、管、饲管、导管、血管导管、支架、心脏瓣膜、外科仪器(例如外科吸入仪器)、鼻咽植入物和喉部植入物的生物医疗器械可以各自包括至少一个被设计成允许流体流过内部容积的管道成型的聚乙烯构件。
在一些实施例中,管道成型的聚乙烯构件可以具有设置在内部容积内的至少一个电线。举非限制性例子而言,在一些实施例中,生物医疗器械(例如起搏器)可以包括至少一个电线,围绕所述至少一个电线设置管道成型的聚乙烯构件。
在一些实施例中,本文描述的成型的聚乙烯构件可以是生物医疗器械(例如颅颌面植入物)的主要组成部分。在一些例子中,成型的聚乙烯构件的聚乙烯组合物可以包括聚乙烯和生物可吸收的聚合物,使得当植入时,生物可吸收的聚合物被吸收,从而在聚乙烯组合物中留下空隙。
在一些实施例中,本发明的成型的聚乙烯构件可以将生物医疗器械的其他构件基本包套住。在一些实施例中,包套可以使得当植入患者内时,周围的组织可以主要暴露于成型的聚乙烯构件。在一些实施例中,包套可以通过将本文描述的聚乙烯组合物至少部分地围绕待被包套的其他构件进行包覆模塑(over molding)、热成型或收缩包裹来实现。在一些实施例中,包套可以通过形成尺寸适合于在其中放置生物医疗器械和/或其构件的成型的聚乙烯构件来实现。
举非限制性的例子来说,在一些实施例中,生物医疗器械(例如耳蜗植入物或者RFID标签)可以被基本包套在成型的聚乙烯构件中,使得成型的聚乙烯构件类似于基本围绕生物医疗器械设置的涂层。举另一个非限制性的例子来说,生物医疗器械(例如起搏器或神经刺激器)可以包括成型的聚乙烯构件,该成型的聚乙烯构件包括电线,该电线具有基本围绕其设置的涂层,该涂层包括本文描述的聚乙烯组合物。举另一个非限制性的例子来说,用于神经刺激器的电源可以包括基本上包套所述电源的成型的聚乙烯构件(例如,通过包覆成型、热成型或收缩包裹实现)。
在一些实施例中,本文描述的成型的聚乙烯构件可以是药物输送器械或其一部分。在一些实施例中,透皮贴片可以包括背衬、含药层和释放层,其中成型的聚乙烯构件可以是含药层和/或释放层。举非限制性的例子来说,含药层可以是成型的聚乙烯构件,并且释放层可以包括第二聚合物(例如诸如乙烯醋酸乙烯酯的乙烯共聚物)。在一些例子中,成型的聚乙烯构件可以包括聚乙烯和第二聚合物。在一些例子中,含药层和释放层可以独立地是具有不同组成的成型的聚乙烯构件。
类似于透皮贴片的例子,其他药物输送器械可以包括成型的聚乙烯构件。例如,阴道避孕环具有类似于以上含药层的芯和类似于以上释放层的壳。在另一个例子中,诸如具有多层结构的棒或薄片的皮下植入物可以具有至少一个类似于含药层的层和至少一个类似于上述释放层的层。
本公开的高分子量聚乙烯聚合物组合物可以使用多种不同的技术来形成医疗产品。然而,聚合物组合物尤其非常适合于注射成型。
在熔融成形期间,聚合物组合物通常可以被加热到大于约100℃至约300℃的温度。在一个实施例中,聚合物组合物可以在形成聚合物物件之后进行交联。在一个实施例中,例如,聚合物组合物可以含有量为约0.001wt.%至约1wt.%的交联剂。可以使用的交联剂包括例如过氧化物或硅烷。可以使用电子束交联或者伽马辐射来交联聚合物。
以下实施例展示了根据本公开的聚合物组合物的注射成型。
实施例
根据本公开配制高分子量聚乙烯聚合物。当在190℃下并且以21.6kg的负荷测试时,高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的熔融流动指数为1.1g/10min。聚乙烯聚合物的粘度值为500ml/g。
为了展示高分子量聚合物能够被注射成型,使用注射成型将聚合物形成为ISO拉力试棒。
在注射成型期间,总注射重量为25克。运行注射成型装置,使得区1在52℃下,区2在188℃下,区3在238℃下,区4在274℃下,并且喷头在260℃下。模具温度为70℃。注射速度为25mm/s并且注射压力为686巴。
在注射成型期间,保持时间为12秒,冷却时间为35秒,螺杆回料时间为15.7秒。周期时间为63秒,螺杆转速为225rpm,并且背压为69巴。
ISO拉力试棒被成功地注射成型。根据ISO 11542-2测试对拉力试棒检测拉伸应力。拉力试棒的拉伸应力小于0.05MPa。
在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,本领域普通技术人员可以熟练进行对本发明的这些和其他改变,本发明的精神和范围在所附权利要求中更具体地阐述。另外,应当理解,各个实施例的各个方面均可以整体或部分地互换。此外,本领域普通技术人员将认识到,前文描述仅通过举例说明的方式进行,并不旨在限制本发明,因此本发明在这些所附权利要求中进一步描述。
Claims (20)
1.一种医疗器械,包括:
注射成型的聚合物物件,所述聚合物物件包含高分子量聚乙烯聚合物,当通过ISO1133测试在190℃下并且以21.6kg的负荷测量时,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的熔融流动指数大于约0.8g/10min并且小于约3g/10min,当根据ISO 1628-3测试检测时,所述高分子量聚乙烯的粘度值大于约400cm3/g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的医疗器械,其中,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的熔融流动指数为约0.9g/10min至约2.0g/10min。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的粘度值大于约450cm3/g并且小于约900cm3/g。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,根据ASTM D4020测试,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的分子量大于约300,000g/mol。
5.根据权利要求4所述的医疗器械,其中,根据ASTM D4020测试,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的分子量为约350,000g/mol至约5,000,000g/mol。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,当根据ISO 1183-1测试的方法A进行检测时,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物的比重为约0.93g/cm3至约0.97g/cm3。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物满足ISO 10993测试的测试要求中的至少一些。
8.根据权利要求7所述的医疗器械,其中,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物通过了对于全身性毒性的ISO 10993-11测试,通过了对于皮内反应的ISO 10993-10测试,通过了对于两周肌肉植入的ISO 10993-6测试,通过了对于细胞毒性的ISO 10993-5测试,通过了对于基因毒性的ISO 10993-3测试,通过了对于溶血反应的ISO 10993-4测试,并且通过了对于物理化学的USP 661测试。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,所述注射成型的聚合物物件含有量大于约70wt.%的所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,所述注射成型的聚合物物件含有量大于约90wt.%的所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,所述高分子量聚乙烯聚合物包括乙烯和至少一种单体的共聚物,所述至少一种单体包括丙烯、丁烯或其混合物。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,所述注射成型的聚合物物件还含有活性药物成分。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,所述聚合物物件还包含显像剂。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,所述聚合物物件包括假体器械。
15.根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,所述聚合物物件包括植入物。
16.根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,所述聚合物物件具有管状形状。
17.根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,所述聚合物物件被包含在芯片、RFID标签、外科仪器、神经刺激器或者泵中。
18.根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,所述聚合物物件包括饲管、导管、可膨胀球囊、支架、心脏瓣膜、耳蜗植入物、颅颌面植入物、人造软骨、胃环、血管钳、动脉瘤夹、脊椎塞、用于人工关节的基板柱帽、肌肉植入物、鼻咽植入物、喉部植入物、口腔黏膜嵌体、子宫内避孕器、阴道避孕环或者齿纤维。
19.根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的医疗器械,其中,所述聚合物物件包括药物输送器械、透皮贴片或者皮下植入物。
20.一种方法,包括:
将根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的医疗器械植入患者内。
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