CN113544183B - 固化性树脂组合物 - Google Patents
固化性树脂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113544183B CN113544183B CN202080019263.0A CN202080019263A CN113544183B CN 113544183 B CN113544183 B CN 113544183B CN 202080019263 A CN202080019263 A CN 202080019263A CN 113544183 B CN113544183 B CN 113544183B
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- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/22—Di-epoxy compounds
- C08G59/26—Di-epoxy compounds heterocyclic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/22—Di-epoxy compounds
- C08G59/24—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic
- C08G59/245—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic aromatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/4007—Curing agents not provided for by the groups C08G59/42 - C08G59/66
- C08G59/4014—Nitrogen containing compounds
- C08G59/4028—Isocyanates; Thioisocyanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/4007—Curing agents not provided for by the groups C08G59/42 - C08G59/66
- C08G59/4064—Curing agents not provided for by the groups C08G59/42 - C08G59/66 sulfur containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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Abstract
本发明的课题在于提供利用光照射及加热的固化性优异、适于液状密封剂、液状粘接剂、摄像机模块用粘接剂、液晶密封剂等用途的固化性树脂组合物。本发明为含有(A)具有烯丙基的芳香族型环氧树脂、(B)硫醇系固化剂、(C)光自由基引发剂及(D)热潜在性固化剂的固化性树脂组合物。(A)具有烯丙基和环氧基的化合物优选为具有烯丙基的芳香族型环氧树脂。作为(B)成分的硫醇系固化剂优选在25℃下为液状。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及能够通过光及热而固化、且能在液晶密封剂、摄像机模块用粘接剂等用途中适宜使用的固化性树脂组合物。
背景技术
环氧树脂在粘接剂、粘合剂、密封剂、涂料、涂布剂及成型材料等广泛领域中被利用。
近年来,伴随着智能手机等便携设备的薄型化,搭载于智能手机等便携设备中的摄像机模块逐渐被小型化。通过摄像机模块的小型化,将摄像机模块的构成构件彼此接合的部位也变得微细,因此对由将它们接合的粘接剂形成的粘接层要求高的粘接强度。
另外,对于摄像机模块等的组装中使用的粘接剂,为了避免由高温处理引起的对图像传感器等的热损害而要求低温固化性,另外,从生产效率提高的观点出发,还同时要求短时间固化性。从这样的观点出发,作为低温短时间固化型粘接剂,大多利用紫外线固化型粘接剂或热固化环氧树脂系粘接剂。但是,紫外线固化型粘接剂虽然能够快速固化,但另一方面,存在无法用于光照射不到的部分的粘接等缺点。另一方面,热固化环氧树脂系粘接剂虽然是低温短时间固化型粘接剂,但是粘接的期间为了保持粘接姿势必须用夹具或装置将要粘接的构件(部件)固定,另外,产生因由加热引起的温度上升而粘度降低从而在即将固化前产生流挂、或者流入期望部以外等问题,未必是能够令人满意的材料。
为了解决上述那样的问题,提出了一种通过利用光照射的固化(预固化)进行临时固定并通过热进一步使其固化(正式固化)而粘接的类型的粘接剂。例如在专利文献1中,提出了一种光及加热固化性组合物,其中,含有包含具有缩水甘油基和(甲基)丙烯酰基的化合物的固化性成分、聚硫醇化合物及环氧固化促进剂,在专利文献2中,提出了包含环氧树脂、光阳离子聚合引发剂及热阴离子固化剂的潜在性固化型环氧树脂组合物,在专利文献3中,提出了包含具有(甲基)丙烯酰基的化合物、聚硫醇化合物、光自由基产生剂、潜在性固化剂的固化性组合物,还记载了具有(甲基)丙烯酰基及环氧基的化合物。
然而,上述文献中教导的环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯从其制法上,成为聚环氧树脂与聚(甲基)丙烯酸树脂的混合物,因此存在得不到粘接性的改善效果能够令人满意的组合物的缺点、另外由于其粘度高因此存在使用其所得到的固化性树脂组合物的粘度变高的缺点。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2009-51954号公报
专利文献2:US2009/076180A1
专利文献3:WO2018/181421
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
因此,本发明的课题是提供用光及热进行的固化性优异、并且可提供为低粘度且储藏稳定性优异的密封剂或者粘接剂的固化性树脂组合物。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明的上述课题通过含有(A)具有烯丙基和环氧基的化合物、(B)硫醇系固化剂、(C)光自由基引发剂、以及(D)选自由热潜在性固化剂及固化催化剂构成的组中的至少一种的固化性树脂组合物来解决。
对于本发明的固化性树脂组合物而言,优选(A)具有烯丙基和环氧基的化合物为具有烯丙基的芳香族型环氧树脂。
对于本发明的固化性树脂组合物而言,优选上述具有烯丙基的芳香族型环氧树脂具有苯环、且烯丙基相对于环氧基位于邻位。
另外,对于本发明的固化性树脂组合物而言,优选作为(A)成分的化合物为下述式(1)所表示的化合物。
[化学式1]
(式中,m表示0或正数,Y表示-S-或者无取代或氟取代的2价烃基,R1、R2、R3及R4分别独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~4的烷基、烯丙基或缩水甘油氧基。)
另外,对于本发明的固化性树脂组合物而言,优选上述式(1)中的Y为选自由下述式(Y-1)~(Y-9)构成的组中的至少一种。
[化学式2]
(式中,n表示4~12的整数,R5、R6、R7及R8分别独立地表示氢原子或者无取代或氟取代的甲基,*表示键合点。)
另外,对于本发明的固化性树脂组合物而言,优选(B)成分所表示的硫醇系固化剂为在25℃下为液状的硫醇系固化剂。
另外,对于本发明的固化性树脂组合物而言,优选作为(B)成分的硫醇系固化剂为聚硫醇化合物。
另外,对于本发明的固化性树脂组合物而言,优选上述聚硫醇化合物为多元醇类的聚硫醇醚、或具有在环内包含至少一个氮的杂环的聚硫醇。
另外,对于本发明的固化性树脂组合物而言,优选相对于(A)成分中的烯丙基1当量含有0.5当量以上且1.5当量以下的作为(B)成分的硫醇系固化剂。
另外,对于本发明的固化性树脂组合物而言,优选作为(C)成分的光自由基引发剂为选自由苯乙酮系化合物、苯偶酰系化合物、二苯甲酮系化合物、噻吨酮系化合物及肟酯系化合物构成的组中的至少一种。
另外,对于本发明的固化性树脂组合物而言,优选(C)成分为氨基苯乙酮系化合物。
另外,对于本发明的固化性树脂组合物而言,优选(D)成分为改性胺系固化剂。
另外,对于本发明的固化性树脂组合物而言,优选上述改性胺系固化剂为具有1个以上活性氢的胺化合物的聚环氧化物和/或异氰酸酯加成物。
另外,本发明提供一种固化性树脂组合物的固化方法,其具备:通过光使上述固化性树脂组合物预固化的工序;和通过热使预固化的固化性树脂组合物固化的工序。
另外,本发明提供一种固化物,其是通过光使上述固化性树脂组合物预固化后再通过热使其固化而得到的。
发明效果
根据本发明,可得到光固化性优异、并且热固化性优异的固化性树脂组合物。相对于该固化性树脂组合物,能够实施通过光进行预固化、之后通过热进行正式固化的双固化。从这些特性出发,本发明的固化性树脂组合物在液状密封剂、液状粘接剂、摄像机模块用粘接剂及液晶密封剂等用途中是有用的。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的固化性树脂组合物进行详细说明。
本发明的固化性树脂组合物含有(A)具有烯丙基和环氧基的化合物(以下,有时简称为(A)成分。)。作为该(A)成分即具有烯丙基和环氧基的化合物,没有特别限制,但可列举出例如具有烯丙基的芳香族型环氧树脂、或在杂环骨架中具有烯丙基和环氧基的化合物。在本发明中,从成为耐热性优异、并且环氧基的反应性优异的组合物出发,优选为具有烯丙基的芳香族型环氧树脂。
上述具有烯丙基的芳香族型环氧树脂可以是含有苯环等单环式的芳香环的环氧树脂,也可以是具有萘环等稠环式的芳香环的环氧树脂。在(A)成分为上述芳香族型环氧树脂的情况下,环氧基可以在该芳香族型环氧树脂中的芳香环上键合1个,也可以键合2个以上。在键合有环氧基的芳香环上,可以键合1个烯丙基,也可以键合2个以上。关于上述芳香族型环氧树脂中的环氧基与烯丙基之比,从固化性变得进一步良好的方面出发,相对于1个环氧基,烯丙基优选为0.5~3个,更优选为1个。
在本发明中,从原料容易获得的方面出发,优选芳香族型环氧树脂具有苯环。在芳香族型环氧树脂具有苯环的情况下,优选烯丙基相对于环氧基至少位于邻位,进一步优选烯丙基相对于环氧基仅位于邻位。
作为上述具有烯丙基的芳香族型环氧树脂,优选下述式(1)所表示的化合物。
[化学式3]
(式中,m表示0或正数,Y表示-S-或者无取代或氟取代的2价烃基,R1、R2、R3及R4分别独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~4的烷基、烯丙基或缩水甘油氧基。)
作为式(1)中的R1、R2、R3及R4所表示的碳原子数为1~4的烷基,可列举出例如甲基、乙基、丙基及丁基等直链烷基、以及异丙基、仲丁基、叔丁基及异丁基甲基等支链烷基。
作为上述式(1)中的Y所表示的2价烃基,可列举出例如亚烷基、亚环烷基、亚环烷基亚烷基、亚芳基及亚芳基亚烷基等。
上述亚烷基优选碳原子数为1~30的亚烷基。上述亚烷基可以是直链状,也可以是支链状。作为直链状的亚烷基,可列举出例如从甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基、十八烷基及二十烷基等直链状的烷基除去1个氢原子而得到的2价基团。作为支链状的亚烷基,可列举出例如从异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、叔戊基、异辛基、2-乙基己基、叔辛基、异壬基及异癸基等支链状的亚烷基除去1个氢原子而得到的2价基团。亚烷基优选为直链亚烷基。
上述亚环烷基优选碳原子数为6~30的亚环烷基。上述亚环烷基可以是单环式,也可以是多环式。作为单环式亚环烷基,可列举出例如从环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、环癸基、环十一烷基、环十二烷基、环十三烷基、环十四烷基、环十五烷基、环十六烷基、环十七烷基、环十八烷基、环十九烷基及环二十烷基等单环式环烷基除去1个氢原子而得到的2价基团。作为多环式亚环烷基,可列举出例如从金刚烷基、十氢化萘基、八氢并环戊二烯、双环[1.1.1]戊烷基及十四氢蒽基等多环式环烷基除去1个氢原子而得到的2价基团。亚环烷基优选为多环式亚环烷基。
本发明中所谓亚环烷基亚烷基是1个以上的亚烷基与1个以上的亚环烷基组合而得到的2价基团。上述亚环烷基亚烷基优选为碳原子数为7~30的基团。上述亚环烷基亚烷基中的亚环烷基可以是单环式,也可以是多环式。作为单环式亚环烷基亚烷基,可列举出从上述烷基的1或2个以上的氢原子被上述单环式环烷基取代而得到的基团中除去1个氢原子而得到的2价基团、或从该单环式环烷基的2个以上的氢原子被上述烷基取代而得到的基团中除去1个氢原子而得到的2价基团。作为多环式亚环烷基亚烷基,可列举出从上述烷基的1或2个以上的氢原子被上述多环式环烷基取代而得到的基团中除去1个氢原子而得到的2价基团、或从该多环式环烷基的2个以上的氢原子被上述烷基取代而得到的基团中除去1个氢原子而得到的2价基团。在本发明中,亚环烷基亚烷基优选为单环式亚环烷基亚烷基。
上述亚芳基优选为碳原子数为6~30的亚芳基。上述亚芳基可以是单环式,也可以是稠环式。作为单环式亚芳基,可列举出例如从苯基及联苯基等单环式芳基中除去1个氢原子而得到的2价基团。作为稠环式亚芳基亚烷基,可列举出从萘基、蒽基、菲基及芴等稠环式芳基中除去1个氢原子而得到的2价基团。亚芳基优选为稠环式亚芳基。
本发明中所谓亚芳基亚烷基是1个以上的亚烷基与1个以上的亚芳基组合而得到的2价基团。上述亚芳基亚烷基优选为碳原子数为7~30的基团。上述亚芳基亚烷基中的亚芳基可以是单环式,也可以是稠环式。作为单环式亚芳基亚烷基,可列举出从上述烷基的1或2个以上的氢原子被上述单环式芳基取代而得到的基团中除去1个氢原子而得到的2价基团、或从该单环式芳基的2个以上的氢原子被上述烷基取代而得到的基团中除去1个氢原子而得到的2价基团。作为稠环式亚芳基亚烷基,可列举出从上述烷基的1或2个以上的氢原子被上述稠环式芳基取代而得到的基团中除去1个氢原子而得到的2价基团、或从该稠环式芳基的2个以上的氢原子被上述烷基取代而得到的基团中除去1个氢原子而得到的2价基团。亚芳基亚烷基优选为单环式亚芳基亚烷基或稠环式亚芳基亚烷基。
在本发明中,上述式(1)中的Y优选为选自由下述式(Y-1)~(Y-9)构成的组中的至少一种。
[化学式4]
(式中,n表示4~12的整数,R5、R6、R7及R8分别独立地表示氢原子或者无取代或氟取代的甲基,*表示键合点。)
式(1)中的R5、R6、R7及R8所表示的氟取代的甲基可以是单氟甲基,也可以是二氟甲基,还可以是三氟甲基。
在本发明中,Y为Y-1的化合物由于为低粘度,因此特别优选。Y为Y-1的化合物中,R5为氢原子的化合物由于原料容易获得,因此优选。
式(1)中的m表示0或正数。在m为整数的情况下,由于为低粘度,因此m优选为超过0且10以下,m更优选为超过0且5以下,m进一步优选为超过0且3以下,进一步更优选为超过0且1以下,特别优选为超过0且0.5以下。式(1)中的m可以由例如式(1)所表示的化合物的制造中使用的烯丙基酚类或醛类等原料的投料比率决定。
上述式(1)所表示的化合物可以通过将例如MEH-8000H(明和化成(株)制烯丙基线型酚醛树脂)等具有烯丙基的酚类使用环氧氯丙烷进行环氧化而容易地得到。
在本发明中,从原料容易获得的方面出发,式(1)中的R1、R2、R3及R4优选为氢原子。
作为在杂环骨架中具有烯丙基和环氧基的化合物,从原料容易获得的方面出发,优选为下述式(2)所表示的化合物。
[化学式5]
在本发明的固化性树脂组合物中,从固化性变得进一步良好的方面出发,(A)成分即具有烯丙基和环氧基的化合物的环氧当量优选为50~500g/eq.,更优选为80~400g/eq.,进一步优选为100~300g/eq.。
本发明的固化性树脂组合物除了(A)成分以外,还可以含有能够通过光的照射或加热而固化、并且与(A)成分不同的其他的聚合性化合物。作为其他的聚合性化合物,可列举出例如不包含于(A)成分中的环氧树脂或不包含于(A)成分中的自由基聚合性化合物。但是,在本发明的固化性树脂组合物含有其他的聚合性化合物的情况下,有可能本发明的效果不会充分地发挥,因此固化性树脂组合物中的其他的聚合性化合物的含量优选相对于(A)成分100质量份不超过100质量份,特别优选不超过50质量份,尤其优选不超过10质量份。
作为不包含于上述(A)成分中的环氧树脂,可列举出例如氢醌、间苯二酚、焦儿茶酚、间苯三酚等单核多元酚化合物的聚缩水甘油醚化合物;乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、聚乙二醇、硫代二甘醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇、双酚A-环氧烷烃加成物等多元醇类的聚缩水甘油醚;马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、辛二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、二聚酸、三聚酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、均苯三甲酸、均苯四甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸、桥亚甲基邻苯二甲酸等脂肪族、芳香族或脂环族多元酸的缩水甘油酯类;甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的均聚物或共聚物;乙烯基环己烯二环氧化物、二环戊二烯二环氧化物、3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸酯、3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基-6-甲基环己烷羧酸酯、双(3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基)己二酸酯等环状烯烃化合物的环氧化物;环氧化聚丁二烯、环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物等环氧化共轭二烯聚合物、异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯等杂环化合物。另外,这些环氧树脂也可以是通过末端异氰酸酯的预聚物而内部交联的环氧树脂、或者使用多价的活性氢化合物(多元酚、多胺、含羰基的化合物、聚磷酸酯等)进行高分子量化而得到的环氧树脂。
作为不包含于上述(A)成分中的环氧树脂的市售品,可列举出例如DENACOL EX-313、DENACOL EX-314、DENACOL EX-321、DENACOL EX-411、DENACOL EX-421、DENACOL EX-512、DENACOL EX-521、DENACOL EX-611、DENACOL EX-612、DENACOL EX-614、DENACOL EX-622、DENACOL EX-830、DENACOL EX-832、DENACOL EX-841、DENACOL EX-861、DENACOL EX-920、DENACOL EX-931、DENACOL EX-201、DENACOL EX-711、DENACOL EX-721、(NagaseChemteX Corporation制);EPOLIGHT 200E、EPOLIGHT 400E、EPOLIGHT 70P、EPOLIGHT200P、EPOLIGHT 400P(共荣社化学公司制)、ADEKA RESIN EP-4088S、EP-4088L、EP-4080E、ADEKA RESIN EP-4000、ADEKA RESIN EP-4005、ADEKA RESIN EP-4100、ADEKA RESIN EP-4901(株式会社艾迪科制);OGSOL PG-100、OGSOL EG-200、OGSOL EG-210、OGSOL EG-250(Osaka Gas Chemicals公司制);YD系列、YDF系列、YDPN系列、TDCN系列(新日铁住金化学);CELLOXIDE 2021P、CELLOXIDE 2081(Daicel公司制);TECHMORE VG-3101L(Printec公司制);EOCN-1020、EOCN-102S、EOCN-103S、EOCN-104S、XD-1000、NC-3000、EPPN-501H、EPPN-501HY、EPPN-502H、NC-7000L(日本化药公司制);YX8800(Mitsubishi Chemical制);HP4032、HP4032D、HP4700(DIC公司制)等。
作为与上述(A)成分不同的自由基聚合性化合物,可列举出例如N-甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N,N-二乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-异丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-丁基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-己基(甲基)丙烯酰胺等含N-烷基的(甲基)丙烯酰胺衍生物;N-羟甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-羟基乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基-N-丙烷(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-甲氧基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙氧基甲基丙烯酰胺等含N-烷氧基的(甲基)丙烯酰胺衍生物、N-丙烯酰基吗啉、N-丙烯酰基哌啶、N-甲基丙烯酰基哌啶、N-丙烯酰基吡咯烷等(甲基)丙烯酰胺衍生物;乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、异丁烯、氯乙烯、偏氯乙烯、偏氟乙烯、四氟乙烯等不饱和脂肪族烃;(甲基)丙烯酸、α-氯丙烯酸、衣康酸、马来酸、柠康酸、富马酸、降冰片烯二酸、巴豆酸、异巴豆酸、乙烯基醋酸、烯丙基醋酸、肉桂酸、山梨酸、中康酸、琥珀酸单[2-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基乙酯]、邻苯二甲酸单[2-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基乙酯]、ω-羧基聚己内酯单(甲基)丙烯酸酯等在两末端具有羧基和羟基的聚合物的单(甲基)丙烯酸酯;羟乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯-马来酸酯、羟丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯-马来酸酯、二环戊二烯-马来酸酯或者具有1个羧基和2个以上的(甲基)丙烯酰基的多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯等不饱和多元酸;(甲基)丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-2-羟基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、下述丙烯酸化合物No.1~No.4、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-叔丁酯、((甲基)丙烯酸环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异壬酯、(甲基)丙烯酸硬脂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸氨基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸聚(乙氧基)乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁氧基乙氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸四氢呋喃酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙烯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苄基酯、乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三环癸烷二羟甲基二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三[(甲基)丙烯酰基乙基]异氰脲酸酯、聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯低聚物等不饱和一元酸及多元醇或多元酚的酯;(甲基)丙烯酸锌、(甲基)丙烯酸镁等不饱和多元酸的金属盐;马来酸酐、衣康酸酐、柠康酸酐、甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、三烷基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、5-(2,5-二氧代四氢呋喃基)-3-甲基-3-环己烯-1,2-二羧酸酐、三烷基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐-马来酸酐加成物、十二碳烯基琥珀酸酐、甲基降冰片烯二酸酐等不饱和多元酸的酸酐;丙烯醛等不饱和醛;(甲基)丙烯腈、α-氯丙烯腈、亚乙烯基二氰、烯丙基腈等不饱和腈;苯乙烯、4-甲基苯乙烯、4-乙基苯乙烯、4-甲氧基苯乙烯、4-羟基苯乙烯、4-氯苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯、乙烯基甲苯、乙烯基苯甲酸、乙烯基苯酚、乙烯基磺酸、4-乙烯基苯磺酸、乙烯基苄基甲基醚、乙烯基苄基缩水甘油醚等不饱和芳香族化合物;甲基乙烯基酮等不饱和酮;乙烯基胺、烯丙基胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基哌啶等不饱和胺化合物;烯丙醇、巴豆醇等乙烯醇;乙烯基甲基醚、乙烯基乙基醚、正丁基乙烯基醚、异丁基乙烯基醚、烯丙基缩水甘油醚等乙烯基醚;马来酰亚胺、N-苯基马来酰亚胺、N-环己基马来酰亚胺等不饱和酰亚胺类;茚、1-甲基茚等茚类;1,3-丁二烯、异戊二烯、氯丁二烯等脂肪族共轭二烯类;聚苯乙烯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、聚硅氧烷等在聚合物分子链的末端具有单(甲基)丙烯酰基的大分子单体类;乙烯基氯、偏氯乙烯、琥珀酸二乙烯酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、磷酸三烯丙酯、异氰脲酸三烯丙酯、乙烯基硫醚、乙烯基咪唑、乙烯基噁唑啉、乙烯基咔唑、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基吡啶、含羟基的乙烯基单体及多异氰酸酯化合物的乙烯基氨基甲酸酯化合物、含羟基的乙烯基单体及聚环氧化合物的乙烯基环氧化合物。
作为不包含于上述(A)成分中的自由基聚合性化合物的市售品,可列举出例如FFM-2、FFM-3、FFM-4及FFM-5、(富士胶片株式会社制)、KAYARAD DPHA、DPEA-12、PEG400DA、THE-330、RP-1040、NPGDA、PET30、R-684(以上由日本化药公司制);Aronix M-215、M-350(以上由东亚合成制);NK Ester A-DPH、A-TMPT、A-DCP、A-HD-N、TMPT、DCP、NPG及HD-N(以上由新中村化学工业制);SPC-1000、SPC-3000(以上由昭和电工制);等。
本发明的固化性树脂组合物是(B)含有硫醇系固化剂的固化性树脂组合物。作为(B)成分的硫醇系固化剂是为了通过光的照射及加热而使(A)成分固化而使用的。在本发明的固化性树脂组合物中,从得到低粘度的固化性树脂组合物的观点出发,(B)硫醇系固化剂优选在25℃下为液状。
作为(B)硫醇系固化剂,可列举出例如聚硫醇化合物。作为该聚硫醇化合物,可列举出例如季戊四醇四(3-巯基丙酸酯)、季戊四醇四(巯基乙酸酯)、二季戊四醇六(3-巯基丙酸酯)、二季戊四醇六(3-巯基丁酸酯)、1,3,4,6-四(2-巯基乙基)-1,3,4,6-四氮杂八氢戊烯-2,5-二酮、1,3,5-三(3-巯基丙基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-三酮、4-巯基甲基-1,8-二巯基-3,6-二硫杂辛烷、4,8-、4,7-或5,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、1,3,4,6-四(2-巯基乙基)甘脲、1,2,3-三(巯基甲基硫代)丙烷、1,2,3-三(2-巯基乙基硫代)丙烷、1,2,3-三(3-巯基丙基硫代)丙烷、4-巯基甲基-1,8-二巯基-3,6-二硫杂辛烷、5,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、4,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、4,8-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、四(巯基甲基硫代甲基)甲烷、四(2-巯基乙基硫代甲基)甲烷、四(3-巯基丙基硫代甲基)甲烷、1,1,3,3-四(巯基甲基硫代)丙烷、1,1,2,2-四(巯基甲基硫代)乙烷、4,6-双(巯基甲基硫代)-1,3-二噻烷、1,1,5,5-四(巯基甲基硫代)-3-硫杂戊烷、1,1,6,6-四(巯基甲基硫代)-3,4-二硫杂己烷、2,2-双(巯基甲基硫代)乙烷硫醇、3-巯基甲基硫代-1,7-二巯基-2,6-二硫杂庚烷、3,6-双(巯基甲基硫代)-1,9-二巯基-2,5,8-三硫杂壬烷、3-巯基甲基硫代-1,6-二巯基-2,5-二硫杂己烷、1,1,9,9-四(巯基甲基硫代)-5-(3,3-双(巯基甲基硫代)-1-硫杂丙基)3,7-二硫杂壬烷、三(2,2-双(巯基甲基硫代)乙基)甲烷、三(4,4-双(巯基甲基硫代)-2-硫杂丁基)甲烷、四(2,2-双(巯基甲基硫代)乙基)甲烷、四(4,4-双(巯基甲基硫代)-2-硫杂丁基)甲烷、3,5,9,11-四(巯基甲基硫代)-1,13-二巯基-2,6,8,12-四硫杂十三烷、3,5,9,11,15,17-六(巯基甲基硫代)-1,19-二巯基-2,6,8,12,14,18-六硫杂十九烷、9-(2,2-双(巯基甲基硫代)乙基)-3,5,13,15-四(巯基甲基硫代)-1,17-二巯基-2,6,8,10,12,16-六硫杂十七烷、3,4,8,9-四(巯基甲基硫代)-1,11-二巯基-2,5,7,10-四硫杂十一烷、3,4,8,9,13,14-六(巯基甲基硫代)-1,16-二巯基-2,5,7,10,12,15-六硫杂十六烷、8-[双(巯基甲基硫代)甲基]-3,4,12,13-四(巯基甲基硫代)-1,15-二巯基-2,5,7,9,11,14-六硫杂十五烷、4,6-双[3,5-双(巯基甲基硫代)-7-巯基-2,6-二硫杂庚基硫代]-1,3-二噻烷、4-[3,5-双(巯基甲基硫代)-7-巯基-2,6-二硫杂庚基硫代]-6-巯基甲基硫代-1,3-二噻烷、1,1-双[4-(6-巯基甲基硫代)-1,3-二噻烷基硫代]-1,3-双(巯基甲基硫代)丙烷、1-[4-(6-巯基甲基硫代)-1,3-二噻烷基硫代]-3-[2,2-双(巯基甲基硫代)乙基]-7,9-双(巯基甲基硫代)-2,4,6,10-四硫杂十一烷、1,5-双[4-(6-巯基甲基硫代)-1,3-二噻烷基硫代]-3-[2-(1,3-二硫杂环丁烷基)]甲基-2,4-二硫杂戊烷、3-[2-(1,3-二硫杂环丁烷基)]甲基-7,9-双(巯基甲基硫代)-1,11-二巯基-2,4,6,10-四硫杂十一烷、9-[2-(1,3-二硫杂环丁烷基)]甲基-3,5,13,15-四(巯基甲基硫代)-1,17-二巯基-2,6,8,10,12,16-六硫杂十七烷、3-[2-(1,3-二硫杂环丁烷基)]甲基-7,9,13,15-四(巯基甲基硫代)-1,17-二巯基-2,4,6,10,12,16-六硫杂十七烷、3,7-双[2-(1,3-二硫杂环丁烷基)]甲基-1,9-二巯基-2,4,6,8-四硫杂壬烷、4,6-双{3-[2-(1,3-二硫杂环丁烷基)]甲基-5-巯基-2,4-二硫杂戊基硫代}-1,3-二噻烷、4,6-双[4-(6-巯基甲基硫代)-1,3-二噻烷基硫代]-6-[4-(6-巯基甲基硫代)-1,3-二噻烷基硫代]-1,3-二噻烷、4-[3,4,8,9-四(巯基甲基硫代)-11-巯基-2,5,7,10-四硫杂十一烷基]-5-巯基甲基硫代-1,3-二硫杂环戊烷、4,5-双[3,4-双(巯基甲基硫代)-6-巯基-2,5-二硫杂己基硫代]-1,3-二硫杂环戊烷、4-[3,4-双(巯基甲基硫代)-6-巯基-2,5-二硫杂己基硫代]-5-巯基甲基硫代-1,3-二硫杂环戊烷、4-[3-双(巯基甲基硫代)甲基-5,6-双(巯基甲基硫代)-8-巯基-2,4,7-三硫杂辛基]-5-巯基甲基硫代-1,3-二硫杂环戊烷、2-{双[3,4-双(巯基甲基硫代)-6-巯基-2,5-二硫杂己基硫代]甲基}-1,3-二硫杂环丁烷、2-[3,4-双(巯基甲基硫代)-6-巯基-2,5-二硫杂己基硫代]巯基甲基硫代甲基-1,3-二硫杂环丁烷、2-[3,4,8,9-四(巯基甲基硫代)-11-巯基-2,5,7,10-四硫杂十一烷基硫代]巯基甲基硫代甲基-1,3-二硫杂环丁烷、2-[3-双(巯基甲基硫代)甲基-5,6-双(巯基甲基硫代)-8-巯基-2,4,7-三硫杂辛基]巯基甲基硫代甲基-1,3-二硫杂环丁烷、4,5-双{1-[2-(1,3-二硫杂环丁烷基)]-3-巯基-2-硫杂丙基硫代}-1,3-二硫杂环戊烷、4-{1-[2-(1,3-二硫杂环丁烷基)]-3-巯基-2-硫杂丙基硫代}-5-[1,2-双(巯基甲基硫代)-4-巯基-3-硫杂丁基硫代]-1,3-二硫杂环戊烷、2-{双[4-(5-巯基甲基硫代-1,3-二硫杂环戊烷基)硫代]甲基}-1,3-二硫杂环丁烷、4-[4-(5-巯基甲基硫代-1,3-二硫杂环戊烷基)硫代]-5-{1-[2-(1,3-二硫杂环丁烷基)]-3-巯基-2-硫杂丙基硫代}-1,3-二硫杂环戊烷等。在本发明中,可以将这些聚硫醇化合物的一种单独使用,也可以将两种以上组合使用。
作为这些聚硫醇化合物的市售品,可列举出例如四国化成工业(株)制TS-G、SC有机化学(株)制DPMP、PEMP、淀化学(株)PETG等。
在本发明中,从固化性组合物成为固化性更优异的组合物的方面出发,优选使用4价以上的聚硫醇化合物。聚硫醇化合物的价数的上限值没有特别限制,但优选设定为6价以下。
在本发明的固化性组合物中,从固化性组合物成为固化性更优异的组合物的方面出发,作为(B)硫醇系固化剂,优选使用季戊四醇四(3-巯基丙酸酯)、季戊四醇四(巯基乙酸酯)、二季戊四醇六(3-巯基丙酸酯)及二季戊四醇六(3-巯基丁酸酯)等多元醇类的聚硫醇醚。从同样的观点出发,作为(B)硫醇系固化剂,优选使用1,3,4,6-四(2-巯基乙基)甘脲及1,3,5-三(3-巯基丙基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-三酮等具有在环内包含至少一个氮的杂环的聚硫醇。
本发明的固化性组合物中的(B)硫醇系固化剂的含量只要是对于具有可与(A)成分中的烯丙基及环氧基反应的硫醇基而言足够量即可。从得到良好的固化物的观点出发,从(B)成分可与(A)成分中的烯丙基及环氧基这两者反应的方面出发,本发明的固化性组合物中的(B)硫醇系固化剂的含量其下限值优选相对于(A)成分中的烯丙基1当量成为0.5当量以上的量,更优选为成为0.7当量以上的量,进一步优选为成为0.8当量以上的量,其上限值优选为相对于(A)成分中的烯丙基1当量成为3.0当量以下的量,更优选为成为1.5当量以下的量,进一步优选为成为1.2当量以下的量,特别优选为成为1.0当量以下的量。从同样的观点出发,本发明的固化性组合物中的(B)硫醇系固化剂的含量优选为相对于(A)成分中的烯丙基1当量成为0.5~3.0当量的量,更优选为成为0.7~2.7当量的量,更优选为成为0.8~2.5当量的量。
本发明的固化性树脂组合物含有(C)光自由基引发剂。作为(C)成分即光自由基引发剂,只要是通过光照射而产生自由基的化合物则没有特别限制,可以使用以往已知的化合物。作为(C)光自由基引发剂,可例示出例如苯乙酮系化合物、苯偶酰系化合物、二苯甲酮系化合物、噻吨酮系化合物及肟酯系化合物等作为优选的光自由基引发剂。在本发明的固化性树脂组合物中,从得到良好的光固化性的观点出发,优选使用苯乙酮系化合物。
作为苯乙酮系化合物,可列举出例如二乙氧基苯乙酮、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙烷-1-酮、4’-异丙基-2-羟基-2-甲基苯丙酮、2-羟基甲基-2-甲基苯丙酮、2,2-二甲氧基-1,2-二苯基乙烷-1-酮、对二甲基氨基苯乙酮、对叔丁基二氯苯乙酮、对叔丁基三氯苯乙酮、对叠氮苯亚甲基苯乙酮、1-羟基环己基苯基酮、2-甲基-1-[4-(甲基硫代)苯基]-2-吗啉代-1-丙酮、2-苄基-2-二甲基氨基-1-(4-吗啉代苯基)-1-丁酮、苯偶姻、苯偶姻甲基醚、苯偶姻乙基醚、苯偶姻异丙基醚、苯偶姻正丁基醚、苯偶姻异丁基醚及1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)-苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙烷-1-酮等。在本发明的固化性树脂组合物中,从得到良好的光固化性的观点出发,优选使用对二甲基氨基苯乙酮、2-甲基-1-[4-(甲基硫代)苯基]-2-吗啉代-1-丙酮及2-苄基-2-二甲基氨基-1-(4-吗啉代苯基)-1-丁酮等氨基苯乙酮系化合物。
作为苯偶酰系化合物,例如可列举出苯偶酰等。
作为二苯甲酮系化合物,例如可列举出二苯甲酮、邻苯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯、米蚩酮、4,4’-双二乙基氨基二苯甲酮、4,4’-二氯二苯甲酮及4-苯甲酰基-4’-甲基二苯基硫醚等。
作为噻吨酮系化合物,可列举出例如噻吨酮、2-甲基噻吨酮、2-乙基噻吨酮、2-氯噻吨酮、2-异丙基噻吨酮、2,4-二乙基噻吨酮等。
本发明中肟酯系化合物是指具有肟酯基的化合物。在上述光自由基聚合性引发剂中感度也良好,因此可以优选用于本发明的固化性组合物中。
作为上述肟酯系化合物,具有咔唑骨架的化合物、具有二苯基硫醚骨架的化合物、或具有芴骨架的化合物从感度特别高的方面出发优选。
在本发明的固化性树脂组合物中,作为(C)光自由基引发剂,也可以使用除了苯乙酮系化合物、苯偶酰系化合物、二苯甲酮系化合物、噻吨酮系化合物及肟酯系化合物以外其他的光自由基聚合性引发剂。作为其他的光自由基聚合性引发剂,例如可列举出2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦等氧化膦系化合物及双(环戊二烯基)-双[2,6-二氟-3-(吡咯-1-基)]钛等二茂钛系化合物等。
在本发明中,可以将上述光自由基引发剂中的一种单独使用,也可以将两种以上组合使用。
在本发明的固化性树脂组合物中,作为(C)光自由基引发剂,可以使用市售的光自由基引发剂。作为市售的光自由基引发剂,可列举出ADEKA OPTOMER N-1414、N-1717、N-1919、ADEKA ARKLS NCI-831、NCI-930(以上由株式会社艾迪科制);IRGACURE184、IRGACURE369、IRGACURE651、IRGACURE907、IRGACURE OXE 01、IRGACURE OXE 02、IRGACURE784(以上由BASF制);TR-PBG-304、TR-PBG-305、TR-PBG-309及TR-PBG-314(以上由Tronly制);等。
对于本发明的固化性树脂组合物中的(C)光自由基引发剂的含量,只要是对于引发(A)成分的烯丙基与(B)成分的硫醇基的反应而言足够的量即可。从得到良好的光固化性的观点出发,相对于(A)成分及(B)成分的合计100质量份,(C)成分优选含有0.1~10质量份,更优选含有1~10质量份。从同样的观点出发,相对于(A)成分及(B)成分的合计100质量份,优选含有0.1质量份以上的(C)成分,更优选含有0.3质量份以上,进一步优选含有0.5质量份以上,特别优选含有0.7质量份以上,此外,优选含有10质量份以下,更优选含有5质量份以下,进一步优选含有2.5质量份以下,特别优选含有2.0质量份以下,优选含有0.1~10质量份,更优选含有0.3~5质量份,进一步优选含有0.5~2.5质量份,特别优选含有0.7~2.0质量份,最优选含有0.9~1.4质量份。
本发明的固化性树脂组合物含有(D)选自由热潜在性固化剂及固化催化剂构成的组中的至少一种的化合物。本发明中所谓热潜在性固化剂是指在40℃以下时不会使固化性树脂组合物固化、通过加热而使固化性树脂组合物固化的固化剂。对于热潜在性固化剂,优选通过70℃以上的加热而使固化性树脂组合物固化的物质。
作为(D)成分即热潜在性固化剂,例如可列举出草酸二酰肼、丙二酸二酰肼、琥珀酸二酰肼、戊二酸二酰肼、己二酸二酰肼、辛二酸二酰肼、壬二酸二酰肼、癸二酸二酰肼及邻苯二甲酸二酰肼等二元酸二酰肼;苯并胍胺及乙酰胍胺等胍胺;双氰胺;三聚氰胺;胺与羧酸的脱水缩合物、胺与环氧化物的加成物、胺与异氰酸酯的加成物、胺的麦克尔加成物、胺的曼尼希反应物、胺与脲的缩合物、胺与酮的缩合物等改性胺系固化剂等。本发明的固化性树脂组合物中,作为(D)成分即热潜在性固化剂,从也作为(A)成分及(B)成分的固化催化剂起作用的方面出发,优选使用改性胺系固化剂。在本发明的固化性树脂组合物中,可以将上述的热潜在性固化剂的一种单独使用,也可以将上述热潜在性固化剂的两种以上组合使用。
作为上述改性胺系固化剂,可列举出具有1个以上活性氢的胺化合物的聚环氧化物和/或异氰酸酯加成物、或者在该胺化合物的聚环氧化物和/或异氰酸酯加成物中组合酚醛树脂而得到的物质。
作为上述具有1个以上活性氢的胺化合物,例如可列举出乙二胺、1,2-二氨基丙烷、1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,3-二氨基丁烷、1,4-二氨基丁烷、六亚甲基二胺等亚烷基二胺类;二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基三胺、四亚乙基五胺等多烷基多胺类;1,4-二氨基环己烷、1,3-二氨基环己烷、1,3-二氨基甲基环己烷、1,2-二氨基环己烷、1,4-二氨基-3,6-二乙基环己烷、4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷、1,3-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、4,4’-二氨基二环己基丙烷、双(4-氨基环己基)砜、4,4’-二氨基二环己基醚、2,2’-二甲基-4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷、异佛尔酮二胺、降冰片烯二胺等脂环式多胺类;间苯二甲基二胺、二氨基二苯基甲烷、二氨基二苯基砜、二乙基甲苯二胺、1-甲基-3,5-二乙基-2,4-二胺苯、1-甲基-3,5-二乙基-2,6-二氨基苯、1,3,5-三乙基-2,6-二氨基苯、3,3’-二乙基-4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、3,5,3’、5’-四甲基-4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷等芳香族多胺类;苯并胍胺、乙酰胍胺等胍胺类;2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-异丙基咪唑、2-十一烷基咪唑、2-十七烷基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑、2-氨基丙基咪唑等咪唑类;草酸二酰肼、丙二酸二酰肼、琥珀酸二酰肼、戊二酸二酰肼、己二酸二酰肼、辛二酸二酰肼、壬二酸二酰肼、癸二酸二酰肼、邻苯二甲酸二酰肼等二酰肼类;N,N-二甲基氨基乙基胺、N,N-二乙基氨基乙基胺、N,N-二异丙基氨基乙基胺、N,N-二烯丙基氨基乙基胺、N,N-苄基甲基氨基乙基胺、N,N-二苄基氨基乙基胺、N,N-环己基甲基氨基乙基胺、N,N-二环己基氨基乙基胺、N-(2-氨基乙基)吡咯烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)哌啶、N-(2-氨基乙基)吗啉、N-(2-氨基乙基)哌嗪、N-(2-氨基乙基)-N’-甲基哌嗪、N,N-二甲基氨基丙基胺、N,N-二乙基氨基丙基胺、N,N-二异丙基氨基丙基胺、N,N-二烯丙基氨基丙基胺、N,N-苄基甲基氨基丙基胺、N,N-二苄基氨基丙基胺、N,N-环己基甲基氨基丙基胺、N,N-二环己基氨基丙基胺、N-(3-氨基丙基)吡咯烷、N-(3-氨基丙基)哌啶、N-(3-氨基丙基)吗啉、N-(3-氨基丙基)哌嗪、N-(3-氨基丙基)-N’-甲基哌啶、4-(N,N-二甲基氨基)苄基胺、4-(N,N-二乙基氨基)苄基胺、4-(N,N-二异丙基氨基)苄基胺、N,N,-二甲基异佛尔酮二胺、N,N-二甲基双氨基环己烷、N,N,N’-三甲基乙二胺、N’-乙基-N,N-二甲基乙二胺、N,N,N’-三甲基乙二胺、N’-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙二胺、N’-乙基-N,N-二苄基氨基丙基胺;N,N-(双氨基丙基)-N-甲基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基乙基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基丙基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基丁基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基戊基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基己基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基-2-乙基己基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基环己基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基苄基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基烯丙基胺、双〔3-(N,N-二甲基氨基丙基)〕胺、双〔3-(N,N-二乙基氨基丙基)〕胺、双〔3-(N,N-二异丙基氨基丙基)〕胺、双〔3-(N,N-二丁基氨基丙基)〕胺等。
作为上述环氧化合物,例如可列举出氢醌、间苯二酚、焦儿茶酚、间苯三酚等单核多元酚化合物的聚缩水甘油醚化合物;二羟基萘、联苯酚、亚甲基双酚(双酚F)、亚甲基双(邻甲酚)、亚乙基双酚、异亚丙基双酚(双酚A)、异亚丙基双(邻甲酚)、四溴双酚A、1,3-双(4-羟基枯基苯)、1,4-双(4-羟基枯基苯)、1,1,3-三(4-羟基苯基)丁烷、1,1,2,2-四(4-羟基苯基)乙烷、硫代双酚、磺酰基二苯酚、氧代双苯酚、线型酚醛清漆、邻甲酚酚醛清漆、乙基线型酚醛清漆、丁基线型酚醛清漆、辛基线型酚醛清漆、间苯二酚酚醛清漆、萜烯酚等多核多元酚化合物的聚缩水甘油醚化合物;乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、聚乙二醇、硫代二甘醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇、双酚A-环氧烷烃加成物等多元醇类的聚缩水甘油醚;马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、辛二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、二聚酸、三聚酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、均苯三甲酸、均苯四甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸、桥亚甲基邻苯二甲酸等脂肪族、芳香族或脂环族多元酸的缩水甘油酯类及甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的均聚物或共聚物;N,N-二缩水甘油基苯胺、双(4-(N-甲基-N-缩水甘油基氨基)苯基)甲烷、二缩水甘油基邻甲苯胺等具有缩水甘油基氨基的环氧化合物;乙烯基环己烯二环氧化物、二环戊二烯二环氧化物、3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸酯、3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基-6-甲基环己烷羧酸酯、双(3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基)己二酸酯等环状烯烃化合物的环氧化物;环氧化聚丁二烯、环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物等环氧化共轭二烯聚合物、异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯等杂环化合物。
作为上述多异氰酸酯化合物,例如可列举出2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、苯二异氰酸酯、苯二甲基二异氰酸酯、四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、1,5-四氢萘二异氰酸酯、3,3’-二甲基二苯基-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、二茴香胺二异氰酸酯、四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯等芳香族二异氰酸酯;异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、反式-1,4-环己基二异氰酸酯、降冰片烯二异氰酸酯等脂环式二异氰酸酯;四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,2,4和/或(2,4,4)-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、甜菜碱二异氰酸酯等脂肪族二异氰酸酯;上述例示的二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯三聚物、缩二脲三聚物、三羟甲基丙烷加成物等;三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯、1-甲基苯-2,4,6-三异氰酸酯、二甲基三苯基甲烷四异氰酸酯等。
进而,这些异氰酸酯化合物可以以碳二酰亚胺改性、异氰脲酸酯改性、缩二脲改性等形式使用,也可以以通过各种封端剂而封端的封端异氰酸酯的形式使用。
作为上述酚醛树脂,例如可列举出线型酚醛清漆树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆树脂、芳香族烃甲醛树脂改性酚醛树脂、二环戊二烯苯酚加成型树脂、苯酚芳烷基树脂(Xylok树脂)、萘酚芳烷基树脂、三苯酚基甲烷(trisphenylol methane)树脂、四苯酚基乙烷树脂、萘酚酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚-苯酚共缩合酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚-甲酚共缩合酚醛清漆树脂、联苯改性酚醛树脂(苯酚核以双亚甲基连结而成的多元酚化合物)、联苯改性萘酚树脂(苯酚核以双亚甲基连接而成的多元萘酚化合物)、氨基三嗪改性酚醛树脂(在分子结构中具有苯酚骨架、三嗪环及伯氨基的化合物)、及含烷氧基的芳香环改性酚醛清漆树脂(苯酚核及含烷氧基的芳香环以甲醛连结而成的多元酚化合物)等多元酚化合物。
作为上述改性胺系固化剂,可以使用市售品。作为上述改性胺系固化剂的市售品,例如可列举出Adeka Hardener EH-3636S(株式会社艾迪科制;双氰胺型潜在性固化剂)、Adeka Hardener EH-4351S(株式会社艾迪科制;双氰胺型潜在性固化剂)、Adeka HardenerEH-5011S(株式会社艾迪科制;咪唑型潜在性固化剂)、Adeka Hardener EH-5046S(株式会社艾迪科制;咪唑型潜在性固化剂)、Adeka Hardener EH-4357S(株式会社艾迪科制;多胺型潜在性固化剂)、Adeka Hardener EH-5057P(株式会社艾迪科制;多胺型潜在性固化剂)、Adeka Hardener EH-5057PK(株式会社艾迪科制;多胺型潜在性固化剂)、Adeka HardenerEH-4370S(株式会社艾迪科制;多胺型潜在性固化剂)Ajicure PN-23(Ajinomoto Fine-Techno株式会社制;胺加合系潜在性固化剂)、Ajicure PN-40(Ajinomoto Fine-Techno株式会社制;胺加成系潜在性固化剂)、Ajicure VDH(Ajinomoto Fine-Techno株式会社制;酰肼系潜在性固化剂)、Fujicure FXR-1020(株式会社T&K TOKA制;潜在性固化剂)等。
作为本发明的(D)成分即固化催化剂,例如可例示出三苯基膦等膦化合物;四苯基溴化鏻等鏻盐;2-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-十一烷基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-{3-〔(3-三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基氨基羰基氨基〕丙基}-2-甲基咪唑、1-〔3-三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基氨基甲基〕-4-甲基咪唑、1-〔3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)〕咪唑、1-〔3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)〕咪唑等咪唑类;上述咪唑类与偏苯三酸、异氰脲酸、硼等的盐即咪唑盐类;苄基二甲基胺、2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚等胺类;三甲基氯化铵等季铵盐类;3-(对氯苯基)-1,1-二甲基脲、3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,1-二甲基脲、3-苯基-1,1-二甲基脲、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯-二甲基脲、甲苯二异氰酸酯-二甲基脲等脲类;及三氟化硼与胺类或醚化合物等的络合物等。这些固化促进剂可以单独使用一种,也可以将两种以上并用。
关于本发明的固化性树脂组合物中的(D)热潜在性固化剂及固化催化剂的含量,从固化性树脂组合物成为具有良好的热固化性的组合物、并且所得到的固化物的物性变得良好的方面出发,相对于(A)成分100质量份,以热潜在性固化剂及固化催化剂的合计计优选为0.01~55质量份,更优选为0.01~20质量份。
本发明的固化性树脂组合物是通过光的照射及加热而固化的组合物。利用光的照射的固化可以通过使(A)成分的烯丙基与(B)成分的硫醇基在(C)成分的光自由基引发剂的存在下反应来进行。利用加热的固化认为有:通过(A)成分的环氧基与(B)成分的硫醇基在(D)成分的热潜在性固化剂和/或固化催化剂的存在下反应来进行的情况、和通过(A)成分的环氧基与(D)成分的热潜在性固化剂反应来进行的情况。
在本发明中,根据需要也可以含有除了上述(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分及(D)成分以外的其他成分。作为其他成分,例如可列举出3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)-8-氨基辛基三甲氧基硅烷、N-苯基-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-三乙氧基甲硅烷基-N-(1,3-二甲基亚丁基)丙基胺等氨基硅烷化合物;3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷等巯基硅烷化合物;2-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷等环氧硅烷化合物等硅烷偶联剂、单缩水甘油醚类、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、苄基醇、煤焦油等反应性或非反应性的稀释剂(增塑剂);玻璃纤维、碳纤维、纤维素、硅砂、水泥、高岭土、粘土、氢氧化铝、膨润土、滑石、二氧化硅、微粉末二氧化硅、二氧化钛、炭黑、石墨、氧化铁、沥青物质等填充剂或颜料;小烛树蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、木蜡、白蜡、蜂蜡、羊毛脂、鲸蜡、褐煤蜡、石油蜡、脂肪酸蜡、脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸醚、芳香族酯、芳香族醚等润滑剂;增稠剂;触变剂;抗氧化剂;光稳定剂;紫外线吸收剂;阻燃剂;消泡剂;防锈剂;胶体二氧化硅、胶体氧化铝等,进而,还可以并用二甲苯树脂、石油树脂等粘合性的树脂类。
本发明的固化性树脂组合物例如可以用于涂料、粘接剂、粘合剂、涂布剂、纤维集束剂、建筑材料、电子部件等宽泛的用途。尤其由于是利用光及热的固化性优异的组合物,因此可以用于能够双固化的用途。即,可以适宜用于液状密封剂、液状粘接剂、液晶密封剂、摄像机模块用粘接剂等用途。
接着,对本发明的固化性树脂组合物的固化方法进行说明。
本发明的固化方法具备:通过对上述的固化性树脂组合物照射光而使其预固化的预固化工序;通过将预固化后的固化性树脂组合物进行加热而使其固化的固化工序。本发明中所谓预固化并非是完全固化的状态,是指固化性树脂组合物的粘性消失的状态。
在上述预固化工序中,通过对固化性树脂组合物照射可见光线、红外线、紫外线、X射线等光线而使固化性树脂组合物预固化。从得到良好的固化物(预固化物)的方面出发,优选使用波长为150~500nm的光线,更优选使用250~450nm的光线,进一步优选使用300~400nm的光线。作为光源,可列举出低压汞灯(杀菌灯、荧光化学灯、黑光灯)、高压放电灯(高压汞灯、金属卤化物灯)、或短弧放电灯(超高压汞灯、氙气灯、汞氙气灯)等,本发明中优选使用超高压汞灯。来自光源的光有直接照射至固化性组合物的情况,也有将通过滤波器而选择的特定的波长(或特定的波长区域)照射至固化性树脂组合物的情况。优选的照射能量密度为2~5000mJ/cm2,进一步优选的范围为10~3500mJ/cm2,特别优选的范围为100~3500mJ/cm2。优选的照度为0.1~5000mW/cm2,进一步优选的照度为1~2000mW/cm2。照射光时的温度可以按照固化性树脂组合物具有液晶相的方式设定,但优选的照射温度为100℃以下,进一步优选为室温。当为100℃以上的温度时可利用热进行聚合,有时得不到良好的取向。所谓室温是未有意图地进行加热的状态下的周围的温度。
对通过将预固化后的固化性树脂组合物进行加热而使其固化的固化工序中的加热条件没有特别限制,可以采用公知的条件。为了使固化性树脂组合物可靠地固化、并且避免因加热而对构件造成热损害,优选在50~200℃、特别是60~150℃下进行30~120分钟、特别是50~100分钟加热。作为加热机构,例如可以使用热循环式烘箱等。
实施例
通过实施例对本发明更详细地进行说明。然而,本发明不受这些实施例的任何限定。
〔制造例1〕环氧树脂〔EP-1〕的制造方法
向具备回流装置、搅拌装置、滴加装置的烧瓶中,投入140g(1.0mol)烯丙基线型酚醛清漆〔m1=0.05〕、及环氧氯丙烷648g(7.0mol),向滴加装置中加入氢氧化钠83.3g(1.0mol)而制成48%水溶液。将氢氧化钠水溶液通过内部温度100~120℃的回流化滴加4小时,同时通过共沸蒸馏将水除去。之后进一步反应1小时后,进行脱环氧氯丙烷、水洗、脱溶剂及过滤,得到下述的烯丙基线型酚醛清漆型环氧树脂EP-1。EP-1的环氧当量为214g/eq.。
[化学式6]
〔实施例1~4以及比较例1及2〕
将下述表1中所示的成分以该表中所示的量进行混合,制备实施例1~4以及比较例1及2的固化性组合物。
在粘贴有特氟隆(注册商标)胶带的玻璃板上,利用棒涂机涂布所制备的固化性组合物而形成固化性组合物的涂膜。将所形成的涂膜在下述的条件下通过光而预固化,将预固化的涂膜在下述的条件下通过热而固化。对预固化后的涂膜、及固化后的涂膜进行以下的评价。
〔固化条件〕
利用光的预固化:使用JATEC制J-Cure1500CV,以曝光量3,000mJ/cm2在室温(25℃)下照射波长为365nm的紫外线。
利用热的固化:利用热循环式烘箱以100℃×1h进行加热,之后以150℃×1h进行加热。
〔评价基准〕
光固化性:光照射后,将固化充分地进行且形成能够脱模的涂膜的组合物设定为A,将固化不充分且无法将涂膜剥离的组合物设定为B。将结果示于下述的表1中。
固化物的物性:使用TA Instruments制RSA,测定光固化后及热固化后的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。作为试验片,使用了宽度4mm×长度60mm×厚度0.3μm的长条状的试验片。
[表1]
BPADGE:双酚A型环氧树脂、环氧当量180
DABPA:双(3,3’-二烯丙基)双酚A
T-1:季戊四醇四(3-巯基丙酸酯)(在25℃下为液状)
T-2:1,3,4,6-四(2-巯基乙基)(甘脲)(在25℃下为液状)
Irg-907:IGM Resins公司制苯乙酮系光聚合引发剂(制品名:omnirad907)
EH-4370S:株式会社艾迪科制改性胺系固化剂
EH-5057P:株式会社艾迪科制改性胺系固化剂
*1:由于未形成试验片,因此无法测定。
如由实施例所表明的那样,包含具有烯丙基和环氧基的化合物、聚硫醇化合物、光自由基引发剂及热潜在性固化剂/固化催化剂的固化性组合物能够光固化,进而通过施加热固化,能够提供优异物性的固化物。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的固化性组合物由于能够通过光及热进行固化,因此可以用于液状密封剂、液状粘接剂、摄像机模块用粘接剂、液晶密封剂等用途。
Claims (11)
1.一种固化性树脂组合物,其含有(A)具有烯丙基和环氧基的化合物、(B)硫醇系固化剂、(C)光自由基引发剂、以及(D)选自由热潜在性固化剂及固化催化剂构成的组中的至少一种,
所述具有烯丙基和环氧基的化合物为下述式(1)所表示的化合物,
作为(B)成分的硫醇系固化剂在25℃下为液状,
式中,m表示0或正数,
Y为选自由下述式(Y-1)、(Y-3)、(Y-6)以及(Y-8)构成的组中的至少一种,
R1、R2、R3及R4分别独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数为1~4的烷基、烯丙基或缩水甘油氧基,
式中,n表示4~12的整数,R5和R6表示氢原子,*表示键合点,
其中,相对于(A)成分中的烯丙基1当量,含有0.5当量以上且1.5当量以下的作为(B)成分的硫醇系固化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的固化性树脂组合物,其中,(A)具有烯丙基和环氧基的化合物为具有烯丙基的芳香族型环氧树脂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的固化性树脂组合物,其中,所述具有烯丙基的芳香族型环氧树脂具有苯环,烯丙基相对于环氧基位于邻位。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的固化性树脂组合物,其中,作为(B)成分的硫醇系固化剂为聚硫醇化合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的固化性树脂组合物,其中,所述聚硫醇化合物为多元醇类的聚硫醇醚、或具有在环内包含至少一个氮的杂环的聚硫醇。
6.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的固化性树脂组合物,其中,作为(C)成分的光自由基引发剂为选自由苯乙酮系化合物、苯偶酰系化合物、二苯甲酮系化合物、噻吨酮系化合物及肟酯系化合物构成的组中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的固化性树脂组合物,其中,(C)成分为氨基苯乙酮系化合物。
8.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的固化性树脂组合物,其中,(D)成分为改性胺系固化剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的固化性树脂组合物,其中,所述改性胺系固化剂为具有1个以上活性氢的胺化合物的聚环氧化物和/或具有1个以上活性氢的胺化合物的异氰酸酯加成物。
10.一种固化性树脂组合物的固化方法,其具备:
通过对权利要求1~9中任一项所述的固化性树脂组合物照射光而使其预固化的工序;和
通过将预固化后的固化性树脂组合物进行加热而使其固化的工序。
11.一种固化物,其是将权利要求1~9中任一项所述的固化性树脂组合物通过光预固化后再通过热使其固化而得到的。
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