CN113354401B - 一种铵离子稳定型硅溶胶结合的铁沟浇注料 - Google Patents
一种铵离子稳定型硅溶胶结合的铁沟浇注料 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 235000019580 granularity Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Ca] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ca] ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铵离子稳定型硅溶胶结合的铁沟浇注料,组成按质量百分数计如下:棕刚玉55~70%;碳化硅15~30%;球沥青1~3%;复合硅化石墨0.5~3%;氧化铝微粉5~10%;抗氧化剂1~5%;其中,外加铵离子稳定型硅溶胶5~7wt%。本发明采用铵离子稳定型硅溶胶结合剂,尽量降低碱性氧化物等有害杂质引入,制备出的浇注料结构致密,施工流动性好,现场可以实现快速脱模,快速烘烤,抗氧化性好,常温及中高温强度高,材料现场使用效果好,有效增加铁沟一次性通铁量。通过以在碳原料表面化学包覆抗氧化剂的形式引入碳原料,使碳能够在烘烤等环节中尽量不氧化损失,充分起到抗渣铁侵蚀的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域,具体涉及一种铵离子稳定型硅溶胶结合的铁沟浇注料。
背景技术
现有技术中,高炉出铁场铁沟主要采用水泥结合的铝碳化硅碳质浇注料施工。水泥带入了氧化钙,在材料中钙铝黄长石等低熔物相,降低浇注料的抗侵蚀性,恶化了材料性能。另外浇注料施工后需要进行烘烤脱除水分,而水泥结合浇注料对烘烤温度曲线有严格的要求,水泥水化以后形成数种含结晶水的水化物相,脱水温度范围窄,烘烤温度控制不好就容易引起浇注料爆裂。有个别厂家采用氢氧化钠稳定的硅溶胶作为结合剂制备铁沟浇注料,这种硅溶胶一般是通过水玻璃作为原料制备,会带入较多的钠离子等低熔物,碱性略强,与金属硅和金属铝在常温下即反应,造成浇注料中温和高温条件下碳氧化严重,氧化层较厚,氧化后气孔增多,强度降低,抗渣铁冲刷性和侵蚀性恶化。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种采用铵离子稳定的硅溶胶溶液作为结合剂的铁沟浇注料,这种溶胶除了本身脱水温度范围宽以外,其中的铵离子在常温和受热的时候会成为氨气挥发,在产品中无残留,并且氨气挥发在材料中产生均匀分布的微小气孔,更有利于材料烘烤不爆裂。
为达到上述目的,采用技术方案如下:
一种铵离子稳定型硅溶胶结合的铁沟浇注料,其组成按质量百分数计如下:
其中,外加铵离子稳定型硅溶胶5~7wt%。
按上述方案,所述铵离子稳定型硅溶胶的二氧化硅含量为30±1wt%,铵离子含量在0.16±0.01wt%左右,pH值在7-9之间。
按上述方案,所述复合硅化石墨是在石墨表面包覆碳化硅和硅,其中碳含量为20wt%左右。
按上述方案,所述球沥青中碳含量为50-60wt%,粒度范围为1.5-0.3mm。
按上述方案,所述抗氧化剂为单质铝粉、单质硅粉和碳化硼按质量比0.5:10:2的混合物,其中单质铝中Al含量≥99wt%,单质硅粉中Si含量≥90wt%,碳化硼中B4C含量≥95wt%,混合物粒度范围为≤0.15mm。
按上述方案,所述碳化硅的粒度范围为3-1mm,1-0mm。
按上述方案,所述氧化铝微粉中氧化铝含量≥99wt%,氧化钠含量≤0.3wt%。
按上述方案,所述棕刚玉粒度为12-8mm,8-5mm,5-3mm,3-1mm,其中氧化铝含量≥94.5%。
采用铵离子稳定型硅溶胶结合剂,铵离子在常温和受热条件下即可成为氨气挥发,增加了浇注料的透气性,有利于施工后快速烘烤不爆裂,且这种硅溶胶是通过高纯度硅微粉提取,基本就是由二氧化硅、铵离子、水组成,与目前市场上用的较多的硅溶胶相比,有害杂质含量非常低,不影响铁沟浇注料高温性能。
复合硅化石墨是在石墨表面包覆碳化硅和硅,铁沟浇注料在浇筑施工后,需要先大火烘烤再出铁。按照常规方法铁沟浇注料是将各种原料按照一定比例物理混合,抗氧化剂和碳都有分布均匀性的问题。在烘烤过程中,在抗氧化剂没有充分包覆的位置,碳就会被氧化损失,完全失去了出铁过程中抗渣铁侵蚀的作用。而复合硅化石墨由于石墨被金属硅和碳化硅包覆,在烘烤过程中不易被氧化,在出铁过程中能充分发挥抗渣铁侵蚀的作用。
球沥青因为其球状外形,在引进碳源的同时,有效改善浇注料的施工流动性,并且其软化温度在110℃左右,软化后以液体状态堵塞了气孔,有利于减缓烘烤过程中的氧化以及减缓熔渣侵蚀。
单质铝粉因为660℃左右即可氧化,作为有效的中温抗氧化剂防止碳被氧化,由于极易氧化,因此表面覆盖一层氧化铝,而在碱性环境下,表面的氧化铝膜被破坏,被包覆的单质铝就会继续被氧化或者与水发生水化反应,本方案由于采用的是铵型溶胶,PH值在7-9之间,铵离子含量低且铵离子在浇注料养护过程中即挥发,使PH值进一步呈中性,因此单质铝在常温下只有少量参与水化反应被消耗,从而在高温下充分起到抗氧化剂的作用,且单质铝在高温下被氧化生成氧化铝,有利于提高浇注料的高温抗折强度,有利于填充气孔,提高浇注料抗侵蚀性。单质硅和碳化硼在材料中也是起到抗氧化剂和提高强度的作用。
碳化硅受热在1100℃左右即可与氧反应,作为抗氧化剂,有效保护碳在高温条件下的氧化;当碳化硅加入粒度较细时,能够有效抵御铁水渗透侵蚀;当碳化硅加入粒度较粗时,能有效抵御高温炉渣的渗透侵蚀。
氧化铝微粉有效填充浇注料颗粒之间的缝隙,在800℃即可与硅溶胶中的二氧化硅反应,在材料基质中形成网络状莫来石结构,提高了材料的中高温强度。
相对于现有技术,本发明有益效果在于:
1.本发明的铁沟浇注料采用铵离子稳定型硅溶胶结合剂,尽量降低碱性氧化物等有害杂质引入,制备出的浇注料结构致密,施工流动性好,现场可以实现快速脱模,快速烘烤,抗氧化性好,常温及中高温强度高,材料现场使用效果好,有效增加铁沟一次性通铁量。
2.本发明中,铁沟浇注料不需要添加硅微粉,减水剂,防爆纤维等原料,即可使材料具有较好的流动性,防爆性,加液量也较低,从而使产品实现低杂质含量,降低了材料成本,同时简化了产品配方。
3.本发明通过以在碳原料表面化学包覆抗氧化剂的形式引入碳原料,使碳能够在烘烤等环节中尽量不氧化损失,充分起到抗渣铁侵蚀的作用。
具体实施方式
以下实施例进一步阐释本发明的技术方案,但不作为对本发明保护范围的限制。
一种铵离子稳定型硅溶胶结合的铁沟浇注料,其组成按质量百分数计如下:
其中,外加铵离子稳定型硅溶胶5~7wt%。
本申请具体实施方式中所用原料符合以下标准:
铵离子稳定型硅溶胶的二氧化硅含量为30±1wt%,铵离子含量在0.16±0.01wt%左右,pH值在7-9之间。(生产厂家:浙江德立信。型号:JA8-30/1)。
复合硅化石墨是在石墨表面包覆碳化硅和硅,其中碳含量为20wt%左右。(生产厂家:善达化工,型号:DT1400)。
球沥青中碳含量为50-60wt%,粒度范围为1.5-0.3mm。
抗氧化剂为单质铝粉、单质硅粉和碳化硼三者的混合物,其中单质铝中Al含量≥99wt%,单质硅中Si含量≥90wt%,碳化硼中B4C含量≥95wt%。混合物粒度范围为≤0.15mm,三种抗氧化剂加入质量比例为单质硅:碳化硼:单质铝=10:2:0.5。
碳化硅的粒度范围分别为3-1mm,1-0mm,两种粒度按照一定比例添加,这两种粒度的碳化硅中碳化硅含量均≥97wt%。
氧化铝微粉中氧化铝含量≥99wt%,氧化钠含量≤0.3wt%。
棕刚玉粒度为12-8mm,8-5mm,5-3mm,3-1mm,以上四种粒度按照一定比例添加,棕刚玉中氧化铝含量为≥94.5%。
实施例1
提供一种溶胶结合铁沟浇注料由以下组分及重量百分数组成:
实施例2
提供一种溶胶结合铁沟浇注料,由以下组分及重量百分数组成:
实施例3
提供一种溶胶结合铁沟浇注料,由以下组分及重量百分数组成:
采用氢氧化钠稳定硅溶胶(二氧化硅含量30%)制备铁沟浇注料,由以下组分及重量百分数组成:
实施例1、2、3所得铁沟浇注料理化参数见表1所示。
表1
常规氢氧化钠稳定型硅溶胶PH值在8-10之间,钠离子含量大约为0.3%,导致热态抗折强度偏低,因为氢氧化钠稳定型硅溶胶促进了金属铝和金属硅的反应。发明采用铵离子稳定型硅溶胶作为铁沟浇注料结合剂,严格控制原料质量,重点改善了浇注料现场施工快速脱模,快速烘烤不爆裂。配料中不需要添加硅微粉,减水剂,防爆剂等原料,简化了生产配方,降低了产品成本。复合硅化石墨,在引进碳源的同时,使碳原料一直保持到出铁温度而不被氧化,提高了材料的抗渣铁侵蚀性能。这种硅溶胶不会促进金属铝粉的水化,使金属铝粉充分发挥抗氧化剂的作用,有利于提高材料中高温强度并改善抗渣侵蚀性,是一种新型的铁沟浇注料。
Claims (5)
2.如权利要求1所述铵离子稳定型硅溶胶结合的铁沟浇注料,其特征在于所述球沥青中碳含量为50-60wt%,粒度范围为1.5-0.3mm。
3.如权利要求1所述铵离子稳定型硅溶胶结合的铁沟浇注料,其特征在于所述碳化硅的粒度范围为3-1mm,1-0mm,其中碳化硅含量≥97%。
4.如权利要求1所述铵离子稳定型硅溶胶结合的铁沟浇注料,其特征在于所述氧化铝微粉中氧化铝含量≥99wt%,氧化钠含量≤0.3wt%。
5.如权利要求1所述铵离子稳定型硅溶胶结合的铁沟浇注料,其特征在于所述棕刚玉粒度为12-8mm,8-5mm,5-3mm,3-1mm,其中氧化铝含量≥94.5%。
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