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CN113089185B - 一种具有杀菌功能的导电性纳米纤维膜及制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种具有杀菌功能的导电性纳米纤维膜及制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN113089185B
CN113089185B CN202110360620.6A CN202110360620A CN113089185B CN 113089185 B CN113089185 B CN 113089185B CN 202110360620 A CN202110360620 A CN 202110360620A CN 113089185 B CN113089185 B CN 113089185B
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CN113089185A (zh
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汤佳鹏
刘希文
葛彦
朱俐
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Hunan Muxue Times Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明属于生物医学材料技术领域，具体涉及一种具有杀菌功能的导电性纳米纤维膜及制备方法与应用。该制备方法具体为：将吡咯、玉米醇溶蛋白、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、氨基三亚甲基膦酸溶解在乙酸中，静电纺丝成纳米纤维膜，浸泡于银氨溶液，反应后水洗烘干，制得具有杀菌功能且导电性良好的纳米银‑聚吡咯/玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维膜。本发明制备的纳米纤维膜具有良好的导电性能，杀菌效果好，能够促进细胞增殖，可广泛应用于医用抗菌敷料。

Description

一种具有杀菌功能的导电性纳米纤维膜及制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于生物医学材料技术领域，具体涉及一种具有杀菌功能的导电性纳米纤维膜及制备方法与应用。
背景技术
市场上普遍存在的伤口敷料一般功能是抗菌、抗氧化和促进伤口愈合。但是很难说哪一种敷料最好，即便某种敷料对于这种伤口的有效性已被验证，也不一定对于所有的患者都适用。故因人制宜，动态的选择敷料，联合应用，选择最安全、最有效、使用简单、效价比高的敷料才是最合理的。可供选择的产品较多，并且不断地有新产品推出。应准确评估伤口情况，选择经济、简便、实用的伤口覆盖物，促进伤口愈合。随着社会的发展和进步，人类对敷料的要求会越来越高。
细胞之间是通过生物电信号进行联系，这种联系在伤口愈合时至关重要，因此导电材料能够有效传递生物电信号，有利于伤口细胞增殖、生长。但是通常这种电信号十分微弱，常规的导电非金属材料导电性能较差，不足以有效促进细胞增殖。除此以外，伤口愈合还需要构建一个无菌、抗氧化、透气保湿的环境。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种具有杀菌功能的导电性纳米纤维膜及制备方法与应用，该纳米纤维膜具有良好的导电性能，杀菌效果好，能够透气保湿，促进细胞增殖、生长。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种具有杀菌功能的导电性纳米纤维膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1.将吡咯、玉米醇溶蛋白、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮混合后，溶于乙酸，充分搅拌至完全溶解后，加入氨基三亚甲基膦酸，混合均匀制得纺丝液；
S2.将所述纺丝液通过静电纺丝制成纳米纤维膜；
S3.将17g/L的硝酸银溶液与4g/L氢氧化钠溶液按照体积比1:(1.5～2)混合，然后边搅拌边缓慢滴加氨水直到浑浊完全消失，得银氨溶液；
S4.将所述纳米纤维膜浸泡于所述银氨溶液中，室温反应后，将得到的纳米纤维膜经过二浸二轧后，升温至130-150℃，反应2-3h，水洗，干燥，得到纳米银-聚吡咯/玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维膜，所述纳米银-聚吡咯/玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维膜即为具有杀菌功能的导电性纳米纤维膜。
优选的，上述制备方法的步骤S1中，所述吡咯、玉米醇溶蛋白、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙酸及氨基三亚甲基膦酸的比例为：(2-4)g:(18-24)g:(8.5-10)g:100mL:(2-6)mg。
优选的，上述制备方法的步骤S1中，所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮的平均分子量为53000-57000。
优选的，上述制备方法的步骤S2中，所述静电纺丝条件为：注射器及针头温度为77-83℃，纺丝电压13-15kV，流速0.5-1ml/h，接收距离10-18cm。
优选的，上述制备方法的步骤S4中，所述纳米纤维膜与所述银氨溶液的比例为1g:(50-120)mL。
优选的，上述制备方法的步骤S4中，所述室温反应时间为6-12h。
优选的，上述制备方法的步骤S4中，所述二浸二轧的轧余率为20％-50％。
优选的，上述制备方法的步骤S4中，所述干燥温度为60-80℃。
本发明还提供了一种上述制备方法制备得到的导电性纳米纤维膜。该导电性纳米纤维膜可用于制备医用抗菌敷料。
本发明还提供了一种抗菌防水透气胶布，该抗菌防水透气胶布由上述的导电性纳米纤维膜制备而成。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1)本发明利用银氨溶液作为氧化剂，氧化使吡咯自交联为聚吡咯，同时银氨溶液还原后形成的纳米银颗粒通过玉米醇溶蛋白中的含硫氨基酸螯合吸附在膜的表面，银纳米颗粒掺杂的聚吡咯赋予纳米纤维膜优异的导电性和低电阻率。
2)玉米醇溶蛋白的亲脂性赋予了材料对伤口的保湿透气效果，而且当玉米醇溶蛋白降解能够缓慢的释放氨基酸，对组织细胞再生也有一定补益。但玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维膜力学性能较差，易撕裂，聚吡咯和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮的双重交联作用，使材料的力学性能得到增强，同时，微量的氨基三亚甲基膦酸的掺入获得晶格畸变作用，进一步提高了材料的力学性能，材料不容易被撕裂。
附图说明
图1是实施例1所制得的纳米银-聚吡咯/玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维膜的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明优选实施方案进行描述，但是应当理解，这些描述只是为了进一步说明本发明的特征和优点，而不是对本发明权利要求的限制。
实施例1
一种纳米银-聚吡咯/玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维膜及其制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1.将3g吡咯、20g玉米醇溶蛋白、9g平均分子量为55000的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮混合溶于100mL乙酸，充分搅拌至完全溶解后，加入4mg氨基三亚甲基膦酸，混合均匀制得纺丝液；
2.将步骤1制得的纺丝液在注射器及针头温度为80℃、纺丝电压14kV、流速0.8mL/h、接收距离15cm的条件下，静电纺丝制成纳米纤维膜；
3.将17g/L硝酸银溶液与4g/L氢氧化钠溶液按照体积比1:1.8混合，然后边搅拌边缓慢滴加氨水直到浑浊完全消失，即得银氨溶液。
4.将15g步骤2制得的纳米纤维膜浸泡于1500mL步骤3制得的银氨溶液中，室温反应8h后，将纳米纤维膜经过二浸二轧后，轧余率为40％，升温至140℃反应2.5h，水洗，70℃下干燥，得到纳米银-聚吡咯/玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维膜A(图1)。
实施例2
一种纳米银-聚吡咯/玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维膜及其制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1.将2g吡咯、18g玉米醇溶蛋白、8.5g平均分子量为53000的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮混合溶于100mL乙酸，充分搅拌至完全溶解后，加入2mg氨基三亚甲基膦酸，混合均匀制得纺丝液；
2.将步骤1制得的纺丝液在注射器及针头温度为77℃、纺丝电压13kV、流速0.5mL/h、接收距离10cm的条件下，静电纺丝制成纳米纤维膜；
3.将17g/L硝酸银溶液与4g/L氢氧化钠溶液按照体积比1:1.5混合，然后边搅拌边缓慢滴加氨水直到浑浊完全消失，即得银氨溶液。
4.将10g步骤2制得的纳米纤维膜浸泡于500mL步骤3制得的银氨溶液中，室温反应6h后，将纳米纤维膜经过二浸二轧后，轧余率为20％，升温至130℃反应2h，水洗，60℃下干燥，得到纳米银-聚吡咯/玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维膜B。
实施例3
一种纳米银-聚吡咯/玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维膜及其制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1.将4g吡咯、24g玉米醇溶蛋白、10g平均分子量为57000的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮混合溶于100mL乙酸，充分搅拌至完全溶解后，加入6mg氨基三亚甲基膦酸，混合均匀制得纺丝液；
2.将步骤1制得的纺丝液在注射器及针头温度为83℃、纺丝电压15kV、流速1mL/h、接收距离18cm的条件下，静电纺丝制成纳米纤维膜；
3.将17g/L硝酸银溶液与4g/L氢氧化钠溶液按照体积比1:2混合，然后边搅拌边缓慢滴加氨水直到浑浊完全消失，即得银氨溶液。
4.将20g步骤2制得的纳米纤维膜浸泡于2400mL步骤3制得的银氨溶液中，室温反应12h后，将纳米纤维膜经过二浸二轧后，轧余率为50％，升温至150℃反应3h，水洗，80℃下干燥，得到纳米银-聚吡咯/玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维膜C。
对比例1
一种纳米纤维膜及其制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1.将20g玉米醇溶蛋白、9g平均分子量为55000的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮混合溶于100mL乙酸，充分搅拌至完全溶解后，加入4mg氨基三亚甲基膦酸，混合均匀制得纺丝液；
2.将步骤1制得的纺丝液在注射器及针头温度为80℃、纺丝电压14kV、流速0.8mL/h、接收距离15cm的条件下，静电纺丝制成纳米纤维膜；
3.将17g/L硝酸银溶液与4g/L氢氧化钠溶液按照体积比1:1.8混合，然后边搅拌边缓慢滴加氨水直到浑浊完全消失，即得银氨溶液。
4.将15g步骤2制得的纳米纤维膜浸泡于1500mL步骤3制得的银氨溶液中，室温反应8h后，将纳米纤维膜经过二浸二轧后，轧余率为40％，升温至140℃反应2.5h，水洗，70℃下干燥，得到纳米纤维膜D。
对比例2
一种纳米纤维膜及其制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1.将3g吡咯、9g平均分子量为55000的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮混合溶于100mL乙酸，充分搅拌至完全溶解后，加入4mg氨基三亚甲基膦酸，混合均匀制得纺丝液；
2.将步骤1制得的纺丝液在注射器及针头温度为80℃、纺丝电压14kV、流速0.8mL/h、接收距离15cm的条件下，静电纺丝制成纳米纤维膜；
3.将17g/L硝酸银溶液与4g/L氢氧化钠溶液按照体积比1:1.8混合，然后边搅拌边缓慢滴加氨水直到浑浊完全消失，即得银氨溶液。
4.将15g步骤2制得的纳米纤维膜浸泡于1500mL步骤3制得的银氨溶液中，室温反应8h后，将纳米纤维膜经过二浸二轧后，轧余率为40％，升温至140℃反应2.5h，水洗，70℃下干燥，得到纳米纤维膜E。
对比例3
一种纳米纤维膜及其制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1.将3g吡咯、20g玉米醇溶蛋白混合溶于100mL乙酸，充分搅拌至完全溶解后，加入4mg氨基三亚甲基膦酸，混合均匀制得纺丝液；
2.将步骤1制得的纺丝液在注射器及针头温度为80℃、纺丝电压14kV、流速0.8mL/h、接收距离15cm的条件下，静电纺丝制成纳米纤维膜；
3.将17g/L硝酸银溶液与4g/L氢氧化钠溶液按照体积比1:1.8混合，然后边搅拌边缓慢滴加氨水直到浑浊完全消失，即得银氨溶液。
4.将15g步骤2制得的纳米纤维膜浸泡于1500mL步骤3制得的银氨溶液中，室温反应8h后，将纳米纤维膜经过二浸二轧后，轧余率为40％，升温至140℃反应2.5h，水洗，70℃下干燥，得到纳米纤维膜F。
对比例4
一种纳米纤维膜及其制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1.将3g吡咯、20g玉米醇溶蛋白、9g平均分子量为55000的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮混合溶于100mL乙酸，充分搅拌至完全溶解后，制得纺丝液；
2.将步骤1制得的纺丝液在注射器及针头温度为80℃、纺丝电压14kV、流速0.8mL/h、接收距离15cm的条件下，静电纺丝制成纳米纤维膜；
3.将17g/L硝酸银溶液与4g/L氢氧化钠溶液按照体积比1:1.8混合，然后边搅拌边缓慢滴加氨水直到浑浊完全消失，即得银氨溶液。
4.将15g步骤2制得的纳米纤维膜浸泡于1500mL步骤3制得的银氨溶液中，室温反应8h后，将纳米纤维膜经过二浸二轧后，轧余率为40％，升温至140℃反应2.5h，水洗，70℃下干燥，得到纳米纤维膜G。
对比例5
一种纳米纤维膜及其制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1.将3g吡咯、20g玉米醇溶蛋白、9g平均分子量为55000的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮混合溶于100mL乙酸，充分搅拌至完全溶解后，加入4mg氨基三亚甲基膦酸，混合均匀制得纺丝液；
2.将步骤1制得的纺丝液在注射器及针头温度为80℃、纺丝电压14kV、流速0.8mL/h、接收距离15cm的条件下，静电纺丝制成纳米纤维膜；
3.将15g步骤2制得的纳米纤维膜升温至140℃反应2.5h，水洗，70℃下干燥，得到纳米纤维膜H。
对比例6
一种纳米纤维膜及其制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1.将3g吡咯、20g玉米醇溶蛋白、9g平均分子量为55000的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮混合溶于100mL乙酸，充分搅拌至完全溶解后，加入4mg氨基三亚甲基膦酸，混合均匀制得纺丝液；
2.将步骤1制得的纺丝液在注射器及针头温度为80℃、纺丝电压14kV、流速0.8mL/h、接收距离15cm的条件下，静电纺丝制成纳米纤维膜；
3.将17g/L硝酸银溶液与4g/L氢氧化钠溶液按照体积比1:1.8混合，然后边搅拌边缓慢滴加氨水直到浑浊完全消失，即得银氨溶液。
4.将15g步骤2制得的纳米纤维膜浸泡于1500mL步骤3制得的银氨溶液中，室温反应8h后，将纳米纤维膜经过二浸二轧后，轧余率为40％，水洗，70℃下干燥，得到纳米纤维膜I。
力学性能测试
用日本Kato-Tech公司KES-G1型多功能拉伸试验仪对实施例1-3和对比例1-6的纳米纤维膜及市售3M防水透气胶布进行单轴拉伸测试，试样尺寸6cm×0.5cm，夹持距离4cm，拉伸速率0.05cm/s，每组3个平行样，结果取平均值。样品的力学性能测试结果如表1所示。
表1样品的力学性能测试结果
样品 最大拉伸强度(MPa) 断裂伸长率(％)
实施例1 45.5±0.3 253±12％
实施例2 38.6±0.5 210±13％
实施例3 40.1±0.4 224±10％
对比例1 14.5±0.5 43±12％
对比例2 16.2±0.4 40±13％
对比例3 15.1±0.6 38±11％
对比例4 12.7±0.3 47±14％
对比例5 17.6±0.4 35±9％
对比例6 18.1±0.5 53±13％
市售3M防水透气胶布 19.8±0.3 127±9％
根据表1可知，本发明实施例制得的纳米纤维膜样品最大拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均明显优于对比例样品，也优于市售3M防水透气胶布。对比例1和5的制备方法不能形成聚吡咯，对比例2、3和6的制备方法不能形成聚吡咯、玉米醇溶蛋白和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮之间的交联，对比例4的制备方法缺少氨基三亚甲基膦酸，不能产生晶格畸变作用。因此，实施例中，聚吡咯、玉米醇溶蛋白和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮三者的交联作用，与氨基三亚甲基膦酸的晶格畸变作用产生协同效应，赋予实施例样品优异的力学性能。
抗菌性能测试
将三种供试菌种金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 6538)，大肠杆菌(ATCC 8739)，铜绿假单胞菌(ATCC 9027)在营养琼脂面上连续培养3代37±0.5℃恒温箱中培养18～20h，放置在4℃保存备用，作为实验菌种。用无菌棉蘸取浓度为5×105cfu/mL试验菌悬液，在营养琼脂培养基平板表面均匀涂抹。盖好平皿，置室温干燥5min。用打孔器取直径10mm的实施例1-3和对比例1-6样品及市售3M防水透气胶布分别放在培养基中，置于37±0.5℃恒温箱中培养24h，测量抑菌环的大小，每组3个平行样，以抑菌环直径的平均值作为评价材料抗菌性能的依据。抑菌环越大，抑菌效果越好。
表2抗菌性能测试
样品 金黄色葡萄球菌 大肠杆菌 铜绿假单胞菌
实施例1 25.3±0.6 22.4±0.5 23.7±0.5
实施例2 22.8±0.4 20.2±0.6 21.6±0.4
实施例3 24.5±0.6 21.8±0.5 20.4±0.4
对比例1 17.4±0.3 16.3±0.3 15.9±0.3
对比例2 16.6±0.2 15.2±0.4 14.8±0.5
对比例3 17.3±0.4 16.8±0.3 15.9±0.5
对比例4 16.9±0.5 16.4±0.3 15.5±0.4
对比例5 11.7±0.3 11.6±0.4 11.4±0.3
对比例6 15.2±0.4 14.6±0.5 14.2±0.5
市售3M防水透气胶布 11.8±0.3 12.9±0.2 11.5±0.3
根据表2可知，各对比例样品和市售3M防水透气胶布对三种供试菌具有一定的抗菌作用，但本发明实施例样品抗菌作用更加优异，主要是由于聚吡咯、玉米醇溶蛋白、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮和氨基三亚甲基膦酸这四者在交联后，其中的氮原子和硫原子均具有孤对电子，能够吸附大量的银离子，使得表面形成的纳米银颗粒抗菌活性大大提高。
材料电阻率测定
采用SDY-4型四探针测试仪分别测定实施例1-3和对比例1-6样品及市售3M防水透气胶布的电导率，结果见表3。
表3样品电导率测试结果
样品 电导率(S/cm)
实施例1 183±4
实施例2 174±2
实施例3 168±5
对比例1 0.5±0.1
对比例2 104±3
对比例3 49±2
对比例4 32±2
对比例5 1±0.2
对比例6 0.8±0.1
市售3M防水透气胶布 0.3±0.0
根据表3可知，本发明实施例制备的纳米纤维膜样品，其导电性能明显优于各对比例样品和市售3M防水透气胶布。众所周知，聚吡咯是一种导电聚合物，含有共轭结构，掺杂剂的加入能够对聚吡咯微观形貌及导电性能有较大影响。本发明实施例中，采用玉米醇溶蛋白、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、氨基三亚甲基膦酸以及银离子进行混合掺杂，结果显示电导率大大提高，这也可能是由于银离子在各成分氮原子间形成的过渡作用导致的。而对比例无法形成相应的聚吡咯微观结构，电导率不能获得较大提高。
水蒸气透过率测试
取口径为2cm的20mL玻璃试剂瓶，加入18cm水，将实施例1-3和对比例1-6样品及市售3M防水透气胶布分别包覆在瓶口，称重后放入，37℃，相对湿度50％的恒温恒湿箱中24h，再称重，计算水蒸发量。结果见表4。
表4水蒸气透过率测试
Figure BDA0003005415110000051
Figure BDA0003005415110000061
根据表4可知，本发明实施例制备的纳米纤维膜样品，其水蒸气透过率低于各对比例样品和市售3M防水透气胶布，获得了较好的保湿效果，主要是由于聚吡咯、玉米醇溶蛋白、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮和氨基三亚甲基膦酸形成的交联网状结构(如图1所示)。合适的纤维直径、孔隙率、孔径，特别是聚吡咯、玉米醇溶蛋白、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮和氨基三亚甲基膦酸四者交联后在纤维表面形成的疏水层使纳米纤维膜的水蒸气透过率有所下降。因此，本发明实施例制备的纳米纤维膜的保湿效果优于各对比例样品和市售3M防水透气胶布。
细胞增殖实验
细胞：NIH3T3小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞，L929小鼠成纤维细胞
培养基：MEM(PM150410)+10％FBS(164210-500)+1％P/S(PB180120)
培养条件：5％CO2，37℃
方法：将对数期细胞分别接种于底部贴有实施例1-3和对比例1-6及市售3M防水透气胶布的24孔板中，每孔接种细胞4000个，加入1mL培养基，在5％CO2，37℃环境下孵育24h，每孔加入0.25％胰蛋白酶工作液0.5mL，振荡混匀后，吸取0.1mL转移至96孔板中，每孔再加入10μL CCK-8溶液，混匀，5％CO2，37℃培养1-4h。酶联免疫检测仪上，震荡15s，然后在450nm下测量吸光度。不加材料的作为对照，不加材料和细胞的作为本底空白。公式如下：
Figure BDA0003005415110000062
A1为实验组吸光度，A2为对照组吸光度，A0为本底空白吸光度。细胞增殖率的结果见表5。
表5细胞增殖率实验结果
样品 NIH3T3小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞 L929小鼠成纤维细胞
实施例1 183±5％ 180±6％
实施例2 178±8％ 176±5％
实施例3 178±4％ 175±7％
对比例1 113±8％ 108±4％
对比例2 104±6％ 103±5％
对比例3 110±7％ 113±8％
对比例4 106±9％ 109±7％
对比例5 98±4％ 97±5％
对比例6 102±3％ 100±6％
市售3M防水透气胶布 120±5％ 117±7％
由表5可知，经本发明实施例制备的纳米纤维膜处理的两种成纤维细胞增殖率明显优于各对比例样品和市售3M防水透气胶布。纳米纤维膜的生物电信号传递和抗菌作用均有利于细胞增殖、生长。而从表2、表3可知，实施例样品的导电性能和抗菌性能明显优于对比例样品和市售3M防水透气胶布，决定了本发明实施例处理的成纤维细胞其增殖率优于对比例样品和市售3M防水透气胶布。
具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有杀菌功能的导电性纳米纤维膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1.将吡咯、玉米醇溶蛋白、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮混合后，溶于乙酸，充分搅拌至完全溶解后，加入氨基三亚甲基膦酸，混合均匀制得纺丝液；
S2.将所述纺丝液通过静电纺丝制成纳米纤维膜；
S3.将17g/L的硝酸银溶液与4g/L氢氧化钠溶液按照体积比1:(1.5～2)混合，然后边搅拌边缓慢滴加氨水直到浑浊完全消失，得银氨溶液；
S4.将所述纳米纤维膜浸泡于所述银氨溶液中，室温反应后，将得到的纳米纤维膜经过二浸二轧后，升温至130-150℃，反应2-3h，水洗，干燥，得到纳米银-聚吡咯/玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维膜，所述纳米银-聚吡咯/玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维膜即为具有杀菌功能的导电性纳米纤维膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中，所述吡咯、玉米醇溶蛋白、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙酸及氨基三亚甲基膦酸的比例为：(2-4)g:(18-24)g:(8.5-10)g:100mL:(2-6)mg。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中，所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮的平均分子量为53000-57000。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，所述静电纺丝条件为：注射器及针头温度为77-83℃，纺丝电压13-15kV，流速0.5-1mL/h，接收距离10-18cm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S4中，所述纳米纤维膜与所述银氨溶液的比例为1g:(50-120)ml。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S4中，所述室温反应时间为6-12h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S4中，所述二浸二轧的轧余率为20％-50％。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S4中，所述干燥温度为60-80℃。
9.根据权利要求1～8任一项所述制备方法制备得到的导电性纳米纤维膜。
10.一种抗菌防水透气胶布，其特征在于，所述抗菌防水透气胶布由权利要求9所述的导电性纳米纤维膜制备而成。
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