CN112952533A - Preparation device and working method of hybrid multiplexing single photon source - Google Patents
Preparation device and working method of hybrid multiplexing single photon source Download PDFInfo
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0092—Nonlinear frequency conversion, e.g. second harmonic generation [SHG] or sum- or difference-frequency generation outside the laser cavity
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mixed multiplex single photon source preparation device and a working method, wherein in the device, a pump laser pumps a periodically polarized lithium niobate film, and a photon pair with nondegenerate wavelength is generated probabilistically; inputting the signal light to a hybrid multiplexing module; the method comprises the steps that idle light is input into a cascade type trigger unit, when the cascade type trigger unit only outputs a detection signal to a signal processing unit, the signal processing unit triggers a hybrid type multiplexing module to perform spatial modulation on the signal light, and a deterministic single photon in N wave packet sequences of the output signal light is guaranteed to be generated. The cascade type triggering unit effectively inhibits noise caused by multi-pair effect of photons, so that the triggering result of the idle light can effectively declare whether the signal light is a single photon, and the single photon source realizes the deterministic generation of a single photon by matching with the hybrid multiplexing module, thereby realizing a single photon source with high extraction rate and high isotacticity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation device and a working method of a mixed type multiplexing single photon source, belonging to the field of single photon preparation.
Background
The realization of quantum light sources with high extraction rate and high isotropy and the application of the quantum light sources to large-scale light quantum computing tasks are one of the research hotspots in the light quantity subsystem at present. With the development of fast modulation optics, a series of multiplexed "announced" single-photon sources based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) have been studied, and their implementation manners include spatial multiplexing, temporal multiplexing, and the like.
Each of these multiplexed light sources has certain disadvantages. Time multiplexing requires photon number-resolved detectors and quantum storage, which means that very long wave packet sequences need to be modulated, with losses increasing with longer modulated wave packet sequences. In spatial multiplexing, multiple SPDC light sources are required, and the longer the modulated wave packet sequence, the more single photon detectors are required.
On the other hand, in the experimental process, the probability of generating photon pairs is generally increased by increasing the power of the pump light, which increases the influence of higher-order excitation, that is, a wave packet contains multiple photons, and this part of noise affects the photon identity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation device of a mixed type multiplexing single photon source, the cascade type triggering unit adopted by the preparation device effectively inhibits the noise caused by the photon multi-pair effect, so that the triggering result of idle light can effectively announce whether signal light is a single photon or not, and the single photon source realizes the deterministic generation of a single photon by matching with a time-space mixed type multiplexing module, thereby realizing a single photon source with high extraction rate and high homologism.
The invention also provides a working method of the preparation device of the hybrid multiplexing single photon source.
Interpretation of terms:
NPBS: npolarizing beam splitter, NPBS, depolarizing beam splitter prism.
SPD: single-photon detectors, SPDs, Single photon detectors, detect and count individual photons.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation device of a mixed type multiplexing single photon source comprises a laser, a periodically polarized lithium niobate film, a dichroic mirror, a cascade triggering unit, a signal processing unit and a mixed type multiplexing module;
the laser, the periodically polarized lithium niobate thin film and the dichroic mirror are arranged along the light path in sequence;
a cascade trigger unit is arranged on a reflection light path of the dichroic mirror;
a hybrid multiplexing module is arranged on a transmission light path of the dichroic mirror, the cascading trigger unit is connected with the signal processing unit, and the signal processing unit is connected with the hybrid multiplexing module;
the laser outputs pumping laser with a period of T and a wave packet sequence of N, the pumping laser pumps the periodically polarized lithium niobate film, and photon pairs with nondegenerate wavelengths, namely signal light and idle light, are obtained probabilistically through a conversion process under a spontaneous parameter generating quasi-phase matching; probabilistic means that wave packet pairs containing at least one photon are not definitely present in the N wave packet sequences of the signal light and the idle light;
the signal light is transmitted through the dichroic mirror and enters a transmission light path, and the signal light is input into the hybrid multiplexing module and is used for modulating the signal light in time and space;
the method comprises the steps that idle light is reflected by a dichroic mirror and enters a reflection light path, N wave packet sequences of the idle light are sequentially input into a cascading type trigger unit, and when the cascading type trigger unit outputs only one detection signal to a signal processing unit, the signal processing unit triggers a hybrid multiplexing module to perform spatial modulation on the signal light, so that a deterministic single photon in the N wave packet sequences of the output signal light is generated.
According to the invention, the cascade trigger unit comprises a plurality of NPBSs and SPDs, idle light input to the cascade trigger unit divides the light path into a first reflected light branch and a first transmitted light branch through a first NPBS,
a second NPBS is arranged on the first reflected light branch, the light path is divided into a second reflected light branch and a second transmitted light branch through the second NPBS, and a first SPD and a second SPD are respectively arranged on the second reflected light branch and the second transmitted light branch;
a third NPBS is arranged on the first transmission light branch, the light path is divided into a third reflection light branch and a third transmission light branch through the third NPBS, and a third SPD and a fourth SPD are respectively arranged on the third reflection light branch and the third transmission light branch;
all SPDs in the cascade trigger unit are connected with the signal processing unit.
SPDs at different positions in the cascade trigger unit detect the entering idle optical wave packet sequence, detection signals are transmitted to the signal processing unit, and if and only if the signal processing unit receives one detection signal, the SPDs trigger an Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure in the hybrid multiplexing module to perform spatial modulation on signal light.
According to the invention, preferably, a plurality of pairs of fourth NPBS and fifth SPD are arranged on the second transmission light branch in parallel, the fifth SPD is arranged on the reflection light path of the fourth NPBS, and the fifth SPD is connected with the signal processing unit;
and the third reflected light branch is provided with a plurality of pairs of fifth NPBS and sixth SPDs, the sixth SPDs are arranged on the reflected light path of the fifth NPBS, and the sixth SPDs are connected with the signal processing unit.
According to the invention, the signal processing unit is preferably a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for receiving the detection signals of the cascaded triggering units, and if and only if a detection signal is received, that is, only one SPD detects a photon, the N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure is triggered to perform spatial modulation on the wave packet sequence of the signal light, so as to deterministically output the single photon.
Preferably, according to the present invention, the hybrid multiplexing module includes a 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure, a delay structure and an N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure,
the 1 x N spatial multiplexing structure includes one input and N outputs,
the delay structure comprises N different delay optical fibers to achieve the time modulation of N wave packet sequences;
the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure comprises N input ends and an output end;
n output ports of the 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure are respectively connected with N different delay optical fibers of the delay structure, and the delay optical fibers of the delay structure are respectively connected with N input ends of the N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure;
n wave packet sequences of signal light enter from the input end of a 1 multiplied by N spatial multiplexing structure in sequence, the 1 multiplied by N spatial multiplexing structure comprises a plurality of M-Z interferometers, and the N wave packet sequences are spatially modulated by regulating and controlling an external electric field of the M-Z interferometers so as to be correspondingly output from N output ends of the 1 multiplied by N spatial multiplexing structure and enter a time delay structure;
the concrete expression is as follows: the first wave packet entering the 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure is output from the first output end, the second wave packet entering the 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure is output from the second output end, and in this way, different delay optical fibers of the … … delay structure delay the N signal light wave packet sequences, so that the modulation on time is realized, and the N signal light wave packets can enter the N input ends of the N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure at the same time;
in the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure, according to a trigger signal of a signal processing unit, N wave packet sequences are spatially modulated, so that wave packets with single photons can be output from an output end of the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure, and the deterministic generation of the single photons is realized.
According to the invention, the 1 XN spatial multiplexing structure comprises an N-1 order spatial multiplexing unit, 1,2,3 … N-1M-Z interferometers are sequentially arranged on the first order to the N-1 order spatial multiplexing unit, each M-Z interferometer comprises two input arms and two output arms, and the 1 XN spatial multiplexing structure is provided with only one input end and N output ends;
one input arm of the M-Z interferometer in the first-order spatial multiplexing unit is connected and is regarded as the only input end;
the M-order spatial multiplexing unit is provided with M M-Z interferometers, and the M M-Z interferometers have 2M output arms in total to form M +1 output ends; m +1 output ends are connected with M +1 input ends on the M +1 order spatial multiplexing unit, and the M +1 input ends are formed by 2(M +1) input arms of M + 1M-Z interferometers; two input arms on the M +1 th order spatial multiplexing unit, which are not connected with the output arm of the M-Z interferometer on the M +1 th order spatial multiplexing unit, are respectively positioned at two sides of the M +1 th order spatial multiplexing structure, M is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N-1, and M is a positive integer;
then the mth order spatial multiplexing unit has m +1 output terminals, the mth +1 order spatial multiplexing unit has m +2 output terminals, and so on, the nth-1 order spatial multiplexing unit has N output terminals, and the N output terminals are respectively connected to the input terminals of the N delay optical fibers in the delay structure.
Preferably, according to the present invention, in the N different delay fibers of the delay structure, the last wave packet input into the delay fiber from the 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure, that is, the nth wave packet, is delayed in the delay fiber by x, x being a positive number,
the first signal light wave packet input into the delay optical fiber from the 1 xN spatial multiplexing structure is delayed in the delay optical fiber by (N-1) tau + x;
the second signal light wave packet input into the delay optical fiber from the 1 xN space multiplexing structure is delayed in the delay optical fiber by (N-2) tau + x;
the ith signal light wave packet input into the delay optical fiber from the 1 XN spatial multiplexing structure is delayed in the delay optical fiber by (N-i) T + x, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
the time modulation of the N signal optical wave packets is realized by delaying the time of the delay optical fiber, so that the N signal optical wave packets can reach the input end of the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure at the same time.
The delay optical fiber is used for delaying signal optical wave packets entering at different moments, so that N signal optical wave packets which are successively input into the delay optical fiber can reach the input end of the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure at the same moment.
According to the invention, preferably, the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure comprises an N-1 order spatial multiplexing unit, N-1, … …,3, 2, 1M-Z interferometers are sequentially arranged from the Nx 1 order to the first order spatial multiplexing unit, each M-Z interferometer comprises two input arms and two output arms, and the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure is provided with only N input ends and a single photon output end;
the output ends of N delay optical fibers of the delay structure are respectively connected with N input ends of an N-1 order spatial multiplexing unit;
the nth order spatial multiplexing unit is provided with n M-Z interferometers, and the n M-Z interferometers have 2n output arms in total to form n output ends; the n output ends are connected with n input ends on the n-1 st order spatial multiplexing unit, and the n input ends are composed of 2(n-1) input arms of n-1M-Z interferometers; two output arms on the nth order spatial multiplexing unit, which are not connected with the input arm of the M-Z interferometer on the nth-1 order spatial multiplexing unit, are respectively positioned at two sides of the nth order spatial multiplexing structure, N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N-1, and N is a positive integer;
the nth order spatial multiplexing unit has n output ends, the nth order 1 spatial multiplexing unit has n-1 output ends, and so on, the second order spatial multiplexing unit has 2 output ends, and the first order spatial multiplexing unit has 2 output ends, a single photon wave packet is output from one output arm (i.e. single photon output end) of the first order spatial multiplexing unit, and the rest wave packet sequences are output from the other output arm of the first order spatial multiplexing unit, and this part of wave packet sequences is not considered.
The working method of the preparation device of the hybrid multiplexing single photon source comprises the following steps:
(1) the laser outputs pumping laser with a period of T and a wave packet sequence of N, the pumping laser pumps the periodically polarized lithium niobate thin film to generate signal light and idle light with nondegenerate wavelength, wherein single photon wave packet pairs exist probabilistically, and the signal light and the idle light are incident to the dichroic mirror at the same time;
(2) the signal light is transmitted at the dichroic mirror, and N signal light wave packets are input into the hybrid multiplexing module after passing through the filter;
meanwhile, idle light is reflected through the dichroic mirror, the idle light is input into the cascade type trigger unit again, when the cascade type trigger unit only outputs one detection signal, the detection signal declares that the detected wave packet is a single photon, for example, the ith photon is detected at the moment, meanwhile, the detection signal is transmitted to the signal processing unit, the signal processing unit sends out a signal for triggering the N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure in the hybrid type multiplexing module, and the N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure modulates the wave packet sequence of the N signal lights so as to realize the output of the certainty of the signal light wave packet (the ith signal light wave packet) only having the single photon.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. based on a light source converted under spontaneous parameters, a time-space hybrid multiplexing method is provided, the deterministic generation of single photons is realized, and the defect that the SPDC light source generates the single photons probabilistically is overcome.
2. The time-space hybrid multiplexing module provided by the invention mainly adopts the cascade M-Z interferometer and the delay optical fiber, so that the advantages and disadvantages of time multiplexing and space multiplexing are effectively complemented, the multiplexing with multiple degrees of freedom is effectively realized, the time and path freedom of photons are effectively regulated and controlled, and the deterministic output of single photon is ensured.
3. The invention adopts the triggering result of the idle light in the cascade triggering unit to declare whether the signal light is a single photon, the cascade structure effectively inhibits the noise caused by the multi-pair effect of the photons, and the coordination with the time-space hybrid multiplexing process realizes the deterministic generation of the single photon and ensures the high extraction rate and the high homography of the single photon source.
4. The spontaneous parameter down-conversion process is carried out by periodically poled lithium niobate, so as to realize the phase matching process with nondegenerate output wavelength. This way it is advantageous to separate the two photons (signal light and idle light) with a filter and the photons in the visible band have a strong advantage as trigger photons.
5. Compared with the existing space multiplexing and time multiplexing, the preparation device of the hybrid multiplexing single photon source only needs one SPDC light source, the number of single photon detectors in the cascade triggering unit is small, and quantum storage is not needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for preparing a hybrid multiplexed single photon source as provided in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of an apparatus for preparing a hybrid multiplexed single photon source as provided in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 1 XN spatial multiplexing architecture;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure.
1. The optical fiber coupler comprises a laser, 2, a periodically polarized lithium niobate thin film, 3, a dichroic mirror, 4, a first lens, 5, a reflector, 6, a second lens, 7, a first optical fiber coupler, 8, a single-mode optical fiber, 9, a second optical fiber coupler, 10, a signal processing unit, 11, a filter, 12, a 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure, 13, an N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure, 14, a delay optical fiber, 15, a first NPBS, 16, a fourth NPBS, 17, a third NPBS, 18, a second NPBS, 19, a fifth NPBS, 20, a fifth SPD, 21, a second SPD, 22, a third SPD, 23, a fourth SPD, 24, a first SPD, 25 and a sixth SPD.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below, but not limited thereto, with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A preparation device of a hybrid multiplexing single photon source is shown in figures 1 and 2 and comprises a laser 1, a periodically polarized lithium niobate thin film 2, a dichroic mirror 3, a first lens 4, a second lens 6, a first optical fiber coupler 7, a second optical fiber coupler 9, a cascade triggering unit, a signal processing unit 10, a filter 11 and a hybrid multiplexing module;
the laser 1, the periodically polarized lithium niobate thin film 2 and the dichroic mirror 3 are arranged along the light path in sequence;
a second lens 6, a first optical fiber coupler 7, a second optical fiber coupler 9 and a cascade type triggering unit are sequentially arranged on a reflection light path of the dichroic mirror 3;
a first lens 4, a filter 11 and a hybrid multiplexing module are sequentially arranged on a transmission light path of the dichroic mirror 3, a cascade triggering unit is connected with a signal processing unit 10, and the signal processing unit 10 is connected with the hybrid multiplexing module;
the laser 1 outputs pumping laser with a period of T and a wave packet sequence of N, the pumping laser pumps the periodically polarized lithium niobate film 2, and photon pairs with nondegenerate wavelengths, namely signal light and idle light, are obtained probabilistically through a conversion process under a spontaneous parameter generating quasi-phase matching; probabilistic means that wave packet pairs containing at least one photon are not definitely present in the N wave packet sequences of the signal light and the idle light;
the signal light is transmitted through the dichroic mirror 3 and enters a transmission light path, and the signal light is input into the hybrid multiplexing module through the first lens 4 and the filter 11 and is used for modulating the signal light in time and space;
idle light is reflected by the dichroic mirror 3 and enters a reflection light path, N wave packet sequences of the idle light sequentially pass through the second lens 6, the first optical fiber coupler 7 and the second optical fiber coupler 9 and then are input into the cascade type trigger unit, when an ith wave packet enters the cascade type trigger unit, and the cascade type trigger unit only outputs one detection signal, the fact that the ith signal light wave packet is a single photon is declared, meanwhile, the detection signal is transmitted to the signal processing unit 10, the signal processing unit 10 triggers the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13 in the hybrid type multiplexing module, and therefore signal light is spatially modulated, and can be output from an output end of the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13.
The signal processing unit 10 is a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for receiving detection signals of the cascade trigger unit, and if and only if a detection signal is received, that is, only one SPD detects photons, the N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13 is triggered to perform spatial modulation on a wave packet sequence of signal light, so as to output the single photons with certainty. A field programmable gate array: field-programmable gate array, FPGA, programmable device. The invention plays a role in triggering the spatial multiplexing process according to the detection signal of the detector.
Example 2
An apparatus for preparing a hybrid multiplexed single photon source, as provided in example 1, is distinguished by:
the cascade trigger unit comprises a plurality of NPBSs and SPDs, idle light input to the cascade trigger unit is divided into a first reflected light branch and a first transmitted light branch through a first NPBS15,
a second NPBS18 is arranged on the first reflected light branch, the light path is divided into a second reflected light branch and a second transmitted light branch through a second NPBS18, and a first SPD24 and a second SPD21 are respectively arranged on the second reflected light branch and the second transmitted light branch;
a third NPBS17 is arranged on the first transmission light branch, the light path is divided into a third reflection light branch and a third transmission light branch by a third NPBS17, and a third SPD22 and a fourth SPD23 are respectively arranged on the third reflection light branch and the third transmission light branch;
all SPDs in the cascade trigger unit are connected with the signal processing unit 10.
SPDs at different positions in the cascade trigger unit detect an incoming idle optical wave packet sequence, a detection signal is transmitted to the signal processing unit 10, and if and only if the signal processing unit 10 receives a detection signal, the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13 in the hybrid multiplexing module is triggered to perform spatial modulation on signal light.
The SPD in the cascade trigger unit detects the ith wave packet of the N wave packet sequences of the idle light, and the detection result can be divided into three types:
(1) when none of the SPDs in the cascaded trigger unit sends out a detection signal, indicating that there is no photon in the ith idle optical wave packet, and simultaneously declaring that there is no photon in the ith signal optical wave packet, the signal processing unit 10 does not send out a signal for triggering the nx1 spatial multiplexing structure 13.
(2) When a plurality of SPDs in the cascaded trigger unit send out detection signals, it indicates that a plurality of photons exist in the ith idle optical wave packet, and simultaneously declares that a plurality of photons exist in the ith signal optical wave packet, and the signal processing unit 10 does not send out a signal for triggering the nx1 spatial multiplexing structure 13.
(3) When only one SPD in the cascade trigger unit sends a detection signal, the fact that a photon exists in the wave packet of the ith idle light is indicated, meanwhile, the fact that the wave packet of the ith signal light is a single photon is declared, the signal processing unit 10 sends a signal for triggering the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13 according to the detection signal, spatial modulation is carried out on the wave packet sequence of the signal light, and therefore the single photon is output in a deterministic mode.
The hybrid multiplexing module comprises a 1 x N spatial multiplexing structure 12, a delay structure and an N x 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13,
the 1 xn spatial multiplexing structure 12 includes one input and N outputs; the delay structure comprises N different delay fibers 14 to achieve temporal modulation of the N wave packet sequences; the nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13 includes N input terminals and one output terminal;
the filter 11 is connected with the only input end of the 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure 12, N output ends of the 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure 12 are respectively connected with N different delay optical fibers 14 of the delay structure, and the delay optical fibers 14 of the delay structure are respectively connected with N input ends of the spatial multiplexing structure;
after passing through the filter 11, N wave packet sequences of the signal light sequentially enter from the input end of the 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure 12, the 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure 12 is mainly composed of an M-Z interferometer, and the N wave packet sequences are spatially modulated by regulating and controlling an external electric field of the M-Z interferometer so as to be correspondingly output from N output ends of the 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure 12 and enter the delay structure;
the concrete expression is as follows: the first wave packet entering the 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure 12 is output from the first output end, the second wave packet entering the 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure 12 is output from the second output end, and so on, the different delay optical fibers 14 of the … … delay structure delay the N signal optical wave packet sequences, thereby realizing the modulation in time, and enabling the N signal optical wave packets to enter the N input ends of the N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13 at the same time;
in the N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13, the N wave packet sequences are spatially modulated according to the trigger signal of the signal processing unit 10, so that the wave packets with single photons are output from the output end of the N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13, thereby realizing deterministic generation of the single photons.
The filter 11 is a device for filtering light, and reduces light of other wavelength bands from entering.
The 1 xN spatial multiplexing structure 12 comprises N-1 order spatial multiplexing units, 1,2,3 … N-1M-Z interferometers are sequentially arranged on the first order to the N-1 order spatial multiplexing units, each M-Z interferometer comprises two input arms and two output arms, and the 1 xN spatial multiplexing structure 12 has only one input end and N output ends;
the filter 11 is connected with one input arm of the M-Z interferometer in the first-order spatial multiplexing unit and is regarded as the only input end;
the M-order spatial multiplexing unit is provided with M M-Z interferometers, and the M M-Z interferometers have 2M output arms in total to form M +1 output ends; m +1 output ends are connected with M +1 input ends on the M +1 order spatial multiplexing unit, and the M +1 input ends are formed by 2(M +1) input arms of M + 1M-Z interferometers; two input arms on the M +1 th order spatial multiplexing unit, which are not connected with the output arm of the M-Z interferometer on the M +1 th order spatial multiplexing unit, are respectively positioned at two sides of the M +1 th order spatial multiplexing structure, M is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N-1, and M is a positive integer;
then the m-th order spatial multiplexing unit has m +1 output ends, the m + 1-th order spatial multiplexing unit has m +2 output ends, and so on, the N-1-th order spatial multiplexing unit has N output ends, and the N output ends are respectively connected with the input ends of the N delay fibers 14 in the delay structure.
M-Z interferometers are basic elements of integrated optics that can be used as modulators, switches, wavelength multiplexers, demultiplexers, etc. In the embodiment, the M-Z interferometer is a modulator made of lithium niobate crystal. The basic working principle of the M-Z interferometer is as follows: when voltage is applied to the crystal, the refractive index of the crystal changes, and the phase, amplitude, intensity and polarization state of the optical signal can be modulated by the change.
The dark boxes on each level of the spatial multiplexing structure in fig. 3 and 4 are electrodes. The two parts are externally added with an electric field, so that regulation and control are realized, and input light can be output by selecting different output ends.
The 1 × N or N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13 provided in the present invention utilizes the function of the M-Z interferometer in the integrated circuit (optics) to form a cascaded M-Z interferometer, one-in-multiple-out network, and realizes the selection of the output terminal by applying different voltages to the electrodes on the MZI.
Among the N different delay fibers of the delay structure, the last wave packet input into the delay fiber from the 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure 12, that is, the nth wave packet delays x in the delay fiber, x being a positive number,
the first signal optical wave packet input from the 1 xn spatial multiplexing structure 12 into the delay fiber 14 is delayed in the delay fiber 14 by (N-1) τ + x;
the second signal light wave packet input into the delay fiber 14 from the 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure 12 is delayed by (N-2) τ + x in the delay fiber 14;
the ith signal light wave packet input into the delay optical fiber 14 from the 1 XN spatial multiplexing structure 12 is delayed by (N-i) T + x in the delay optical fiber 14, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
the time modulation of the N signal optical wave packets is realized by delaying the time of the delay optical fiber 14, so that the N signal optical wave packets can reach the input end of the N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13 at the same time.
The delay fiber 14 is configured to delay the signal optical wave packets entering at different times, so that N signal optical wave packets successively input to the delay fiber 14 can reach the input end of the nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13 at the same time.
The Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13 comprises an N-1 order spatial multiplexing unit, N-1, … …,3, 2, 1M-Z interferometers are sequentially arranged from the Nx 1 order to the first order spatial multiplexing unit, each M-Z interferometer comprises two input arms and two output arms, and the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13 only has N input ends and a single photon output end;
the output ends of the N delay optical fibers 14 of the delay structure are respectively connected with N input ends of the N-1 st order spatial multiplexing unit;
the nth order spatial multiplexing unit is provided with n M-Z interferometers, and the n M-Z interferometers have 2n output arms in total to form n output ends; the n output ends are connected with n input ends on the n-1 st order spatial multiplexing unit, and the n input ends are composed of 2(n-1) input arms of n-1M-Z interferometers; two output arms on the nth order spatial multiplexing unit, which are not connected with the input arm of the M-Z interferometer on the nth-1 order spatial multiplexing unit, are respectively positioned at two sides of the nth order spatial multiplexing structure, N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N-1, and N is a positive integer;
the nth order spatial multiplexing unit has n output ends, the nth order 1 spatial multiplexing unit has n-1 output ends, and so on, the second order spatial multiplexing unit has 2 output ends, and the first order spatial multiplexing unit has 2 output ends, a single photon wave packet is output from one output arm (i.e. single photon output end) of the first order spatial multiplexing unit, and the rest wave packet sequences are output from the other output arm of the first order spatial multiplexing unit, and this part of wave packet sequences is not considered.
Example 3
An apparatus for preparing a hybrid multiplexed single photon source according to example 2, except that:
a plurality of pairs of fourth SPDs 16 and fifth SPDs 20 are arranged on the second transmission light branch in parallel, the fifth SPD20 is arranged on a reflection light path of the fourth NPBS16, and the fifth SPD20 is connected with the signal processing unit 10;
a plurality of pairs of fifth NPBS19 and sixth SPD25 are arranged on the third reflected light branch, the sixth SPD25 is arranged on the reflected light path of the fifth NPBS19, and the sixth SPD25 is connected with the signal processing unit 10.
Example 4
An apparatus for preparing a hybrid multiplexed single photon source according to example 2, except that:
as shown in fig. 1, the cascaded trigger unit includes three NPBSs and four SPDs, idle light input to the cascaded trigger unit passes through a first NPBS15 to divide a light path into a first reflected light branch and a first transmitted light branch,
a second NPBS18 is arranged on the first reflected light branch, the light path is divided into a second reflected light branch and a second transmitted light branch through a second NPBS18, and a first SPD24 and a second SPD21 are respectively arranged on the second reflected light branch and the second transmitted light branch;
a third NPBS17 is arranged on the first transmitted light branch, the optical path is divided into a third reflected light branch and a third transmitted light branch by a third NPBS17, and a third SPD22 and a fourth SPD23 are respectively arranged on the third reflected light branch and the third transmitted light branch.
Example 5
An apparatus for preparing a hybrid multiplexed single photon source according to example 3, except that:
as shown in fig. 2, in the cascaded trigger unit, a pair of a fourth NPBS16 and a fifth SPD20 are arranged in parallel on the second transmission light branch, the fifth SPD20 is arranged on the reflection light path of the fourth NPBS16, and the fifth SPD20 is connected to the signal processing unit 10;
two pairs of a fifth NPBS19 and a sixth SPD25 are arranged on the third reflected light branch, a sixth SPD25 is arranged on the reflected light path of the fifth NPBS19, and the sixth SPD25 is connected with the signal processing unit 10.
Example 6
An apparatus for preparing a hybrid multiplexed single photon source, as provided in example 2, is distinguished by:
the hybrid multiplexing module comprises a 1 × 5 spatial multiplexing structure, a 5 × 1 spatial multiplexing structure and a delay structure;
as shown in fig. 3, the 1 × 5 spatial multiplexing structure includes a fourth-order spatial multiplexing unit, and 1,2,3, 4M-Z interferometers are sequentially arranged on the first-order to fourth-order spatial multiplexing units, each M-Z interferometer includes two input arms and two output arms, and the 1 × 5 spatial multiplexing structure has only one input end and 5 output ends; the first to fourth order spatial multiplexing units are shown in fig. 3.
The 5 output ends are respectively connected with the input ends of 5 different delay optical fibers 14.
The signal optical wave packet is input from the only input end of the 1 × 5 spatial multiplexing structure, and the signal optical wave packet which firstly enters the 1 × 5 spatial multiplexing structure firstly exits from the output end.
As shown in fig. 4, the 5 × 1 spatial multiplexing structure includes a fourth-order spatial multiplexing unit, and 4, 3, 2, 1M-Z interferometers are sequentially arranged from the fourth-order spatial multiplexing unit to the first-order spatial multiplexing unit, each M-Z interferometer includes two input arms and two output arms, and the 5 × 1 spatial multiplexing structure has only 5 input ends and one output end; the first to fourth order spatial multiplexing units are shown in fig. 4.
The output ends of the 5 delay optical fibers 14 are respectively connected with the 5 input ends of the fourth-order spatial multiplexing unit;
the signal light wave packet enters from five input ends simultaneously from a 5 multiplied by 1 spatial multiplexing structure, and the wave packet with single photon is output from a single photon output end.
Example 7
The working method of the apparatus for preparing a hybrid multiplexed single photon source as provided in examples 1-6 comprises the following steps:
(1) the laser outputs pumping laser with a period T and a wave packet sequence N, the pumping laser pumps the periodically polarized lithium niobate thin film 2 to generate signal light and idle light with nondegenerate wavelengths, wherein single photon wave packet pairs exist probabilistically, and the signal light and the idle light are simultaneously incident to the dichroic mirror 3;
(2) the signal light is transmitted at the dichroic mirror 3, and N signal light wave packets are input into the hybrid multiplexing module after passing through the filter 11;
meanwhile, the idle light is reflected by the dichroic mirror 3 and then input to the cascaded trigger unit, when the cascaded trigger unit outputs only one detection signal, the detection signal declares that the detected wave packet is a single photon, for example, the ith photon is detected at the moment, the detection signal is transmitted to the signal processing unit 10, the signal processing unit 10 sends out a signal for triggering the N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13 in the hybrid multiplexing module, the N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13 modulates the wave packet sequence of N signal lights, and modulates the ith signal light wave packet to the output end of the N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure 13 for output, so that the signal light wave packet (the ith signal light wave packet) of only a single photon is output deterministically.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation device of a mixed type multiplexing single photon source is characterized by comprising a laser, a periodically polarized lithium niobate film, a dichroic mirror, a cascade triggering unit, a signal processing unit and a mixed type multiplexing module;
the laser, the periodically polarized lithium niobate thin film and the dichroic mirror are arranged along the light path in sequence;
a cascade trigger unit is arranged on a reflection light path of the dichroic mirror;
a hybrid multiplexing module is arranged on a transmission light path of the dichroic mirror, the cascading trigger unit is connected with the signal processing unit, and the signal processing unit is connected with the hybrid multiplexing module;
the laser outputs pumping laser with a period of T and a wave packet sequence of N, the pumping laser pumps the periodically polarized lithium niobate film, and photon pairs with nondegenerate wavelengths, namely signal light and idle light, are obtained probabilistically through a conversion process under a spontaneous parameter generating quasi-phase matching;
the signal light is transmitted through the dichroic mirror and enters a transmission light path, and the signal light is input into the hybrid multiplexing module and is used for modulating the signal light in time and space;
the method comprises the steps that idle light is reflected by a dichroic mirror and enters a reflection light path, N wave packet sequences of the idle light are sequentially input into a cascading type trigger unit, and when the cascading type trigger unit outputs only one detection signal to a signal processing unit, the signal processing unit triggers a hybrid multiplexing module to perform spatial modulation on the signal light, so that a deterministic single photon in the N wave packet sequences of the output signal light is generated.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cascaded trigger unit comprises a plurality of NPBSs and SPDs, idle light input to the cascaded trigger unit passes through the first NPBS to divide the light path into a first reflected light branch and a first transmitted light branch,
a second NPBS is arranged on the first reflected light branch, the light path is divided into a second reflected light branch and a second transmitted light branch through the second NPBS, and a first SPD and a second SPD are respectively arranged on the second reflected light branch and the second transmitted light branch;
a third NPBS is arranged on the first transmission light branch, the light path is divided into a third reflection light branch and a third transmission light branch through the third NPBS, and a third SPD and a fourth SPD are respectively arranged on the third reflection light branch and the third transmission light branch;
all SPDs in the cascade trigger unit are connected with the signal processing unit.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the second transmission light branch is provided with a plurality of pairs of a fourth NPBS and a fifth SPD in parallel, the fifth SPD is provided on a reflection light path of the fourth NPBS, and the fifth SPD is connected to the signal processing unit;
and the third reflected light branch is provided with a plurality of pairs of fifth NPBS and sixth SPDs, the sixth SPDs are arranged on the reflected light path of the fifth NPBS, and the sixth SPDs are connected with the signal processing unit.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the signal processing unit is a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) configured to receive the detection signals from the cascaded triggering units, and the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure is triggered to spatially modulate the sequence of wave packets of the signal light to deterministically output the single photon if and only if a detection signal is received, i.e., only one SPD detects a photon.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hybrid multiplexing module comprises a 1 x N spatial multiplexing structure, a delay structure and an N x 1 spatial multiplexing structure,
the 1 x N spatial multiplexing structure includes one input and N outputs,
the delay structure comprises N different delay optical fibers to achieve the time modulation of N wave packet sequences;
the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure comprises N input ends and an output end;
n output ports of the 1 × N spatial multiplexing structure are respectively connected with N different delay optical fibers of the delay structure, and the delay optical fibers of the delay structure are respectively connected with N input ends of the N × 1 spatial multiplexing structure;
n wave packet sequences of signal light enter from the input end of a 1 multiplied by N spatial multiplexing structure in sequence, the 1 multiplied by N spatial multiplexing structure comprises a plurality of M-Z interferometers, and the N wave packet sequences are spatially modulated by regulating and controlling an external electric field of the M-Z interferometers so as to be correspondingly output from N output ends of the 1 multiplied by N spatial multiplexing structure and enter a time delay structure;
in the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure, according to a trigger signal of a signal processing unit, N wave packet sequences are spatially modulated, so that wave packets with single photons can be output from an output end of the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure, and the deterministic generation of the single photons is realized.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the 1 xn spatial multiplexing structure comprises N-1 order spatial multiplexing units, and 1,2,3 … N-1M-Z interferometers are sequentially disposed from the first order to the N-1 order spatial multiplexing units, each M-Z interferometer comprises two input arms and two output arms, and the 1 xn spatial multiplexing structure has only one input end and N output ends;
one input arm of the M-Z interferometer in the first-order spatial multiplexing unit is connected and is regarded as the only input end;
the M-order spatial multiplexing unit is provided with M M-Z interferometers, and the M M-Z interferometers have 2M output arms in total to form M +1 output ends; m +1 output ends are connected with M +1 input ends on the M +1 order spatial multiplexing unit, and the M +1 input ends are formed by 2(M +1) input arms of M + 1M-Z interferometers; two input arms on the M +1 th order spatial multiplexing unit, which are not connected with the output arm of the M-Z interferometer on the M +1 th order spatial multiplexing unit, are respectively positioned at two sides of the M +1 th order spatial multiplexing structure, M is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N-1, and M is a positive integer;
then the mth order spatial multiplexing unit has m +1 output terminals, the mth +1 order spatial multiplexing unit has m +2 output terminals, and so on, the nth-1 order spatial multiplexing unit has N output terminals, and the N output terminals are respectively connected to the input terminals of the N delay optical fibers in the delay structure.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein among the N different delay fibers of the delay structure, the last one of the N packets inputted into the delay fiber from the 1 XN spatial multiplexing structure is a packet whose delay x, x is a positive number,
the first signal light wave packet input into the delay optical fiber from the 1 xN spatial multiplexing structure is delayed in the delay optical fiber by (N-1) tau + x;
the second signal light wave packet input into the delay optical fiber from the 1 xN space multiplexing structure is delayed in the delay optical fiber by (N-2) tau + x;
the ith signal light wave packet input into the delay optical fiber from the 1 XN spatial multiplexing structure is delayed in the delay optical fiber by (N-i) T + x, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
the time modulation of the N signal optical wave packets is realized by delaying the time of the delay optical fiber, so that the N signal optical wave packets can reach the input end of the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure at the same time.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure comprises an N-1 order spatial multiplexing unit, from the N-1 order spatial multiplexing unit to the first order spatial multiplexing unit, N-1, … …,3, 2, 1M-Z interferometers are sequentially arranged, the M-Z interferometers comprise two input arms and two output arms, and the Nx 1 spatial multiplexing structure has only N input ends and a single photon output end;
the output ends of N delay optical fibers of the delay structure are respectively connected with N input ends of an N-1 order spatial multiplexing unit;
the nth order spatial multiplexing unit is provided with n M-Z interferometers, and the n M-Z interferometers have 2n output arms in total to form n output ends; the n output ends are connected with n input ends on the n-1 st order spatial multiplexing unit, and the n input ends are composed of 2(n-1) input arms of n-1M-Z interferometers; two output arms on the nth order spatial multiplexing unit, which are not connected with the input arm of the M-Z interferometer on the nth-1 order spatial multiplexing unit, are respectively positioned at two sides of the nth order spatial multiplexing structure, N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N-1, and N is a positive integer;
the nth order spatial multiplexing unit has n output terminals, the nth-1 order spatial multiplexing unit has n-1 output terminals, and so on, the second order spatial multiplexing unit has 2 output terminals, and the first order spatial multiplexing unit has 2 output terminals, a single photon wave packet is output from one output arm of the first order spatial multiplexing unit, and the rest wave packet sequences are output from the other output arm of the first order spatial multiplexing unit.
9. A method of operating an apparatus for hybrid multiplexed single photon source fabrication as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
(1) the laser outputs pumping laser with a period of T and a wave packet sequence of N, the pumping laser pumps the periodically polarized lithium niobate thin film to generate signal light and idle light with nondegenerate wavelength, wherein single photon wave packet pairs exist probabilistically, and the signal light and the idle light are incident to the dichroic mirror at the same time;
(2) the signal light is transmitted at the dichroic mirror, and N signal light wave packets are input into the hybrid multiplexing module after passing through the filter;
meanwhile, idle light is reflected through the dichroic mirror and then input into the cascading type triggering unit, when only one detection signal is output by the cascading type triggering unit, the detection signal declares that a detected wave packet is a single photon, meanwhile, the detection signal can be transmitted to the signal processing unit, the signal processing unit sends out a signal for triggering the N x 1 spatial multiplexing structure in the hybrid type multiplexing module, and the N x 1 spatial multiplexing structure modulates wave packet sequences of N signal lights so as to realize output of signal light wave packet certainty only with the single photon.
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