CN112917205A - Large spherical crown thin-wall part array type internal support clamp and flexible clamping method - Google Patents
Large spherical crown thin-wall part array type internal support clamp and flexible clamping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112917205A CN112917205A CN202110429519.1A CN202110429519A CN112917205A CN 112917205 A CN112917205 A CN 112917205A CN 202110429519 A CN202110429519 A CN 202110429519A CN 112917205 A CN112917205 A CN 112917205A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 35
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012905 Brassica oleracea var viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002219 extraembryonic membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/08—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated
- B23Q3/082—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated hydraulically actuated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
- B23Q3/065—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material for holding workpieces being specially deformable, e.g. made from thin-walled or elastic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/10—Auxiliary devices, e.g. bolsters, extension members
- B23Q3/103—Constructional elements used for constructing work holders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q2703/00—Work clamping
- B23Q2703/02—Work clamping means
- B23Q2703/04—Work clamping means using fluid means or a vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q2703/00—Work clamping
- B23Q2703/02—Work clamping means
- B23Q2703/10—Devices for clamping workpieces of a particular form or made from a particular material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q2703/00—Work clamping
- B23Q2703/12—Accessories for attaching
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种大型球冠类薄壁件阵列式内撑夹具及柔性装夹方法，属于装夹技术领域。该阵列式内撑夹具由液压驱动系统、定位夹紧装置和辅助装置组成，利用液压驱动系统驱动液压缸动作，继而带动橡胶板运动，实现内撑装夹。本发明采用内胎膜与自动支撑结合的方式，结构简单，自动内撑阵列式排布，且各组自动内撑为单独动作，能适应较为复杂工件内表面，与之实现紧密贴合；同时采用压盘及压环对工件上下未加工区域进行辅助夹紧，可保证工件整体刚度；采用联接阀控制夹具的夹紧、松开，操作便捷，实现了保压功能，节约成本；本发明实现了对球冠类薄壁件的柔性、快速、可靠装夹。
The invention provides an array type inner support clamp of a large spherical cap thin-walled part and a flexible clamping method, belonging to the technical field of clamping. The array type inner support fixture is composed of a hydraulic drive system, a positioning and clamping device and an auxiliary device. The hydraulic drive system is used to drive the action of the hydraulic cylinder, which in turn drives the movement of the rubber plate to realize the inner support clamping. The invention adopts the way of combining the inner tire membrane and the automatic support, the structure is simple, the automatic inner support is arranged in an array, and each group of automatic inner support is a separate action, which can adapt to the inner surface of a relatively complex workpiece and achieve close contact with it; The pressure plate and the pressure ring assist in clamping the upper and lower unprocessed areas of the workpiece, which can ensure the overall rigidity of the workpiece; the connection valve is used to control the clamping and loosening of the fixture, the operation is convenient, the pressure maintaining function is realized, and the cost is saved; Flexible, fast and reliable clamping of spherical cap thin-walled parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of clamping, and particularly relates to an array type internal support clamp for large spherical crown thin-walled parts and a flexible clamping method.
Background
In the field of aerospace, a large number of spherical crown type thin-wall parts with relatively large sizes exist in important equipment, such as rocket tank co-bottom components, rocket tank sealing heads and the like, and complex features with extremely strict precision requirements, such as grooves, grids and the like, need to be machined on the surface. However, the thin-wall part has low rigidity, and obvious machining vibration is easily generated in the process of removing large allowance of material, so that the problems of quick abrasion of a cutter and poor part machining quality are caused, and the precision of the part and the subsequent assembly and practical application effects are influenced. In the mechanical manufacturing process, the clamp is used for fixing a machined workpiece to occupy a correct position, and supporting the workpiece in the machining process to reduce vibration and deformation of the workpiece. Research shows that about 40% of part machining precision problems are caused by clamp errors, so that the design of the clamp with the functions of increasing the system rigidity and reducing the deformation of a thin-wall workpiece is of great significance.
In actual production, profiling clamping is usually adopted for parts, so that the outer surface of an inner tire membrane is designed to be consistent with the inner surface of the part, the clamping surface of the part is tightly attached to the supporting surface of the clamp body as much as possible, however, the parts are formed by spinning, tailor welding and the like, the shapes and the sizes of the parts have larger deviation than the original design, the fitting state of the clamping surface of the part and the supporting surface of the clamp body is inconsistent, and the parts are easy to vibrate and deform during processing. In addition, a clamping method of filling a liquid phase material in the thin-wall part is adopted, and the liquid phase material is stimulated to generate phase change from a liquid state to a solid state by using an external condition, so that the part is fixed. However, the phase-change materials which can meet the performance requirements of the clamp are few at present, and the method is complicated and has poor clamping stability for large spherical crown thin-wall parts.
In 2015, kale et al disclose a rubber bag internal pressure supporting device for large thin-wall parts in patent CN201520836110.1, a pressurizing device is used to inject fluid media such as oil or water into a liquid chamber, and the rubber bag is supported by the pressure of fluid to be attached to the inner surface of a workpiece, so as to restrain the deformation of the parts. However, the device has weak supporting rigidity, and considering the complexity of a gap structure and the fluidity of fillers, the device is easy to cause uneven and unstable filling, cannot ensure the local rigidity of a thin-wall part, and is difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision and high-efficiency manufacturing of the thin-wall part. Liuhaibo et al in 2020 disclose an automatic inner support clamp and a clamping method for a thin-wall cylindrical part in CN202010078986.X, and a motor lead screw system is used for driving a taper mandrel to axially move and driving an inner support expansion sleeve to radially move, so that the inner support clamping for the thin-wall cylindrical part is realized, and the local rigidity of a processing area is greatly improved. However, the inner support expanding sleeve moves synchronously, is difficult to adapt to the inner surface of a complex part, cannot be completely and tightly attached to the inner surface of the part, forms a clamping cavity in a local area, and generates vibration and deformation.
In the above researches, no large spherical crown thin-wall part array type internal support clamp and flexible clamping method are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a large spherical crown thin-wall part array type internal support clamp and a flexible clamping method, aiming at the difficult problem of rapid and reliable clamping of a spherical crown thin-wall part in the machining process. The invention adopts the mode of combining the inner tire membrane and the automatic supports, has simple structure, is arranged in an automatic inner support array way, and each group of inner supports act independently, can adapt to the inner surface of a more complex workpiece and can be tightly attached to the inner surface of the workpiece; the automatic support adopts a hydraulic drive system, the driving force is large, the stability is good, and the rubber plate is covered outside the automatic support, so that the contact area with the inner surface of the workpiece can be increased, and the local rigidity of the workpiece is greatly improved; the upper and lower unprocessed areas of the workpiece are clamped in an auxiliary manner by adopting the pressure ring and the pressure plate, so that the integral rigidity of the workpiece can be ensured; the connecting valve is adopted to control the clamping and the loosening of the clamp, and can keep the clamping path free of pressure leakage for a long time after the oil pressure source is cut off, so that the pressure maintaining function is realized; the flexible, quick and reliable clamping of the spherical crown type thin-walled part can be realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an array type internal support clamp for large spherical crown thin-walled parts comprises a positioning and clamping device, an auxiliary device and a hydraulic driving system.
The positioning and clamping device comprises a mandrel 6, an inner tire membrane 7, a hydraulic cylinder 19 and a rubber plate 3. The design profile of the supporting surface of the inner tire membrane 7 is consistent with the geometric profile of the positioning surface of the inner wall of the workpiece, and the inner tire membrane has a centering function. The mandrel 6 is arranged at the center of the inner tire membrane 7, and the mandrel 6 is fixedly connected with the inner tire membrane 7 through a mandrel inner bolt 20; the upper part of the mandrel 6 is provided with a circle of external threads which are convenient to be matched with the locking nut 5. The hydraulic cylinder 19 is embedded into the inner tire membrane 7 and is connected with the inner tire membrane 7 through a hydraulic cylinder connecting bolt 29; 3 hydraulic cylinders 19 are uniformly distributed on the inner tire membrane bus and form a group of automatic supports, 8 groups of automatic supports are uniformly distributed in an array mode in the circumferential direction of the inner tire membrane, each group of automatic supports are controlled by a pressure reducing valve 9 and independently act, and uniform and reliable clamping of the spherical crown type thin-wall part is achieved. The tail end of the piston of each hydraulic cylinder 19 is provided with a rubber plate 3, and when the piston rod is at an initial position, the upper surface of the rubber plate 3 and the surface of the inner tire membrane are on the same curved surface, so that the rubber plate is ensured to be in contact with the inner surface of a workpiece; when the tire is clamped, the piston pushes the rubber plate 3 to move, so that the gap between the inner surface of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 and the inner tire membrane surface is adjusted, the spherical crown type thin-wall part is tightly attached to the inner tire membrane, and the local rigidity of the spherical crown type thin-wall part is further ensured.
The auxiliary device comprises a pressing ring 15, a pressing plate 8, a pressing plate 4, a locking nut 5, an upper positioning plate 22, a lower positioning plate 23, a switching tool 2 and a T-shaped block 11. Wherein, clamping ring 15 is the split formula, passes through bolted connection by two lamellas, and clamping ring 15 bottom is provided with the rubber pad, reduces the contact deformation with the work piece. After the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 19 pushes the rubber plate 3 to expand the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16, the lower end of the spherical crown type thin-wall part is fixed by a pressing ring 15 and a pressing plate 8; the upper end of the spherical crown type thin-wall part is fixed by a pressure plate 4 and is in threaded connection with a mandrel 6 through a locking nut 5, so that the complete positioning of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 is completed, and reliable clamping is realized. The upper positioning disc 22 and the lower positioning disc 23 are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the switching tool 2, and the switching tool 2 is matched with the positioning hole at the bottom of the inner tire membrane 7 through the upper positioning disc 22 to realize the positioning of one surface and one pin; the switching tool 2 is fixedly connected with the inner tire membrane 7 through a bolt 17 in the switching tool. The switching tool 2 is matched with a central hole of the rotary table 1 through a lower positioning disc 23 to realize a one-side-one-pin positioning mode; the switching tool 2 is connected with the rotary table 1 through a bolt 10 in the rotary table and a T-shaped block 11.
The hydraulic driving system comprises a liquid storage tank 25, a bidirectional hydraulic pump 26, an overflow valve 27, a tee joint 28, a pressure reducing valve 9, a connecting valve 12, a pressure gauge 13 and an energy accumulator 14. The liquid storage tank 25 is connected with a bidirectional hydraulic pump 26 through an oil pipe, the bidirectional hydraulic pump 26 conveys hydraulic oil to the connecting valve 12, and the connecting valve is used for controlling the on-off of an oil way; the relief valve 27 is connected between the two-way hydraulic pump 26 and the coupling valve 12 through a three-way pipe 28, and when the pressure in the circuit is higher than the set pressure of the relief valve 27, the relief valve 27 is opened, and the hydraulic oil is returned to the liquid storage tank 25. In addition, the pressure reducing valve 9, the connecting valve 12, the pressure gauge 13 and the energy accumulator 14 are all arranged on the inner tire membrane 7, hydraulic oil sequentially flows into the connecting valve 12, the pressure gauge 13, the energy accumulator 14 and the pressure reducing valve 9 through a hydraulic pipeline in the tire membrane, is subjected to pressure change control through the pressure reducing valve 9, and then is conveyed into the hydraulic cylinder 19 through a hydraulic pipeline 18 in the inner tire membrane. The pressure gauge 13 is used for monitoring the pressure of the oil way in real time, and when the pressure of the system is low, the energy accumulator 14 works to release the stored energy and supply the energy to the system again.
According to the method for flexibly clamping the spherical crown type thin-wall part by using the clamp, the hydraulic driving system is used for driving the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 19 to act, so that the rubber plate 3 is driven to move and is tightly attached to the inner surface of the spherical crown type thin-wall part, and the internal supporting and clamping of the spherical crown type thin-wall part are realized. The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, hoisting a spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 on an array type internal support fixture, and taking the lower surface of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 as a positioning surface; then, the hydraulic driving system is started, the liquid storage tank 25 provides hydraulic oil required by power driving, the hydraulic oil sequentially passes through the bidirectional hydraulic pump 26, the tee joint 28, the connecting valve 12 and the like through an oil pipe, the valve A of the connecting valve 12 is opened, the hydraulic oil sequentially flows into the pressure gauge 13 and the energy accumulator 14, the energy accumulator 14 stores energy, pressure is supplemented when the system is at low pressure, and stability of the system is guaranteed. Then, hydraulic oil flows into the pressure reducing valves 9 through the energy accumulators 14, each group of automatic supports are controlled by one pressure reducing valve 9 to act independently, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinders flowing into different groups is controlled by operating the pressure reducing valves 9, variable pressure control is achieved, and therefore the movement stroke of each group of automatic supports is regulated and controlled, and the automatic supports are suitable for the inner surfaces of complex workpieces. Then, hydraulic oil flows into an oil inlet of a hydraulic cylinder 19 through a hydraulic pipeline 18 inside the fixture body, so that the rodless cavity is enlarged, the piston is driven to move forwards, the contact gap between the rubber plate 3 and the inner surface of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 is reduced, the fitting is tight, and the internal support effect is realized. After the internal support is finished, the pressing ring 15 is arranged at the bottom of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 and is fixed by the pressing plate 8, the rubber pad is arranged at the lower part of the pressing ring 15, the contact area between the pressing ring and the bottom of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 is effectively enlarged, meanwhile, the clamping force applied by the pressing plate 8 can be homogenized, the clamping is firm, and the deformation is reduced. In addition, the pressing plate 4 is placed in an upper unprocessed area of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16, the locking nut 5 is placed on the pressing plate 4, and the locking nut 5 is screwed, so that the pressing plate 4 is in close contact with the upper surface of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16, and compression is achieved. Finally, the connection valve 12 is closed, thereby cutting off the oil path and realizing the pressure maintaining function. During pressure relief, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 19 can be driven to move backwards by only opening the valve B of the connecting valve 12 and discharging hydraulic oil from a rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder through an oil outlet, so that the rubber plate 3 is separated from the inner surface of a workpiece, and the loosening effect is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention combines the inner tire membrane with the automatic support, has simple structure, each group of automatic supports act independently, effectively enlarges the contact area with the inner surface of the workpiece, realizes close fitting, effectively increases the system damping by the rubber plate, and reduces the vibration. The hydraulic flow channel is embedded into the inner tire membrane, and the hydraulic elements are concentrated on the inner tire membrane, so that a large amount of space is saved, and the control is convenient and fast. Meanwhile, the upper and lower unprocessed regions of the workpiece are supported by the pressure plate and the pressure ring, so that the overall rigidity of the workpiece is greatly improved; the hydraulic system is adopted for driving, so that the driving force is large and the stability is good; the clamping and loosening of the clamp are controlled by the connecting valve, the operation is convenient, the pressure maintaining function can be realized, the cost is saved, and the reliability of clamping is effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an automatic internal supporting clamp for a spherical crown type thin-wall part.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of clamping a spherical crown type thin-wall part.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the clamp body.
Wherein: 1, a rotary table; 2, switching over a tool; 3, a rubber plate; 4, pressing a plate; 5, locking the nut; 6, a mandrel; 7 inner fetal membranes; 8, pressing a plate; 9 a pressure reducing valve; 10, bolts in the turntable; 11T-shaped blocks; 12 a coupling valve; 13 pressure gauge; 14 an accumulator; 15, pressing a ring; 16 spherical crown type thin-wall parts; 17, switching bolts in the tool; 18 hydraulic lines; 19 hydraulic cylinders; 20, screwing a mandrel; 21, positioning a bolt in the disc; 22, positioning a disc; 23, a lower positioning plate; bolts are screwed in the lower positioning plate 24; 25 liquid storage tank; 26 a bidirectional hydraulic pump; 27 an overflow valve; 28, tee joint; 29 hydraulic cylinder connecting bolt.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.
In the embodiment, the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 is integrally formed by punching and drawing an aluminum alloy plate, the aperture of the upper small end is 420mm, the outer diameter of the lower large end is 3350mm, and the height is about 900 mm. The wall thickness of the workpiece varies from 28mm (small end) to 15mm (large end) in the direction of the generatrix.
Firstly, an automatic internal bracing fixture device is assembled, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, and consists of a positioning and clamping device, an auxiliary device and a hydraulic driving system.
When the device is installed, the mandrel 6 is installed in the middle of the inner tire membrane 7 and is fixedly connected with the inner tire membrane through a mandrel inner bolt 20; the upper part of the mandrel 6 is provided with a circle of external threads which are convenient to be matched with the locking nut 5. The hydraulic cylinder 19 is embedded into the inner tire membrane 7 and is connected with the inner tire membrane 7 through a hydraulic cylinder connecting bolt 29; 3 hydraulic cylinders 19 are uniformly distributed on an inner tire membrane bus, each 3 hydraulic cylinder 19 is a group of automatic supports, 8 groups of automatic supports are uniformly distributed in an array manner in the circumferential direction of the tire membrane, each group of automatic supports are controlled by a pressure reducing valve 9 and act independently, and uniform and reliable clamping of the spherical crown type thin-wall part is realized. The rubber plate 3 is arranged at the tail end of the piston of each hydraulic cylinder 19, and when the piston rod is at the initial position, the upper surface of the rubber plate 3 and the surface of the inner tire membrane 7 are on the same curved surface, so that the rubber plate 3 is ensured to be in contact with the inner surface of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16. After the piston of the hydraulic cylinder pushes the rubber plate 3 to expand the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16, the lower end of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 is fixed by a pressing ring 15 and a pressing plate 8, the two halves of the pressing ring 15 are connected through a bolt, and a rubber pad is arranged at the bottom of the pressing ring 15; the upper end of the spherical crown type thin-wall part is fixed by a pressure plate 4, and the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 is completely positioned by means of threaded connection of a locking nut 5 and a mandrel 6, so that reliable clamping is realized.
The bottom of the inner tire membrane 7 is provided with a positioning hole, one-surface one-pin positioning is realized through the upper positioning disc 22, the bolt 21 in the upper positioning disc and the switching tool 2, and the inner tire membrane 7 is fixedly connected with the switching tool 2 through the bolt 17 in the switching tool. The switching tool 2 is matched with the central hole of the rotary table 1 through a lower positioning plate 23 and a bolt 24 in the lower positioning plate to realize a 'one-surface one-pin' positioning mode, and is connected with the rotary table 1 through a bolt 10 in the rotary table and a T-shaped block 11.
The liquid storage tank 25 is connected with a bidirectional hydraulic pump 26 through an oil pipe, the bidirectional hydraulic pump 26 conveys hydraulic oil to the connecting valve 12, and the connecting valve controls the on-off of an oil way; the relief valve 27 is connected between the two-way hydraulic pump 26 and the coupling valve 12 through a three-way pipe 28, and when the pressure in the circuit is higher than the set pressure of the relief valve 27, the relief valve opens to return the hydraulic oil to the reservoir 25. In addition, the pressure reducing valve 9, the connecting valve 12, the pressure gauge 13 and the energy accumulator 14 are all installed on the tire membrane 7, hydraulic oil sequentially flows into the connecting valve 12, the pressure gauge 13, the energy accumulator 14 and the pressure reducing valve 9 through a tire membrane internal hydraulic pipeline, is subjected to pressure change control through the pressure reducing valve 9, and then is conveyed into the hydraulic cylinder 19 through an inner tire membrane internal hydraulic pipeline 18. The pressure gauge 13 is used for monitoring the pressure of the oil way in real time, and when the pressure of the system is low, the energy accumulator 14 works and releases the stored energy to supply the energy to the system again.
The clamping method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, hoisting a spherical crown type thin-wall part and starting a hydraulic driving system
Firstly, hoisting a spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 on an array type internal support fixture, and taking the lower surface of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 as a positioning surface; then, the hydraulic driving system is started, the liquid storage tank 25 provides hydraulic oil required by power driving, and the hydraulic oil passes through the bidirectional hydraulic pump 26, the tee joint 28, the connecting valve 12 and the like in sequence through oil pipes.
Secondly, the hydraulic cylinder moves to be in close contact with the inner surface of the spherical crown type thin-wall part
The on-off of the oil path is controlled by controlling the on-off of the connecting valve 12, thereby controlling the clamping and loosening of the clamp. The connecting valve 12 has the function of changing the flow direction of hydraulic oil, when the valve A of the connecting valve 12 is opened, the hydraulic oil sequentially flows into the pressure gauge 13 and the energy accumulator 14, the energy accumulator 14 stores energy, pressure is supplemented when the system is at low pressure, and the stability of the system is ensured. Then, hydraulic oil flows into the pressure reducing valves 9 through the energy accumulators 14, each group of automatic supports are controlled by one pressure reducing valve 9 to act independently, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinders flowing into different groups is controlled by operating the pressure reducing valves 9, variable pressure control is achieved, and therefore the movement stroke of each group of automatic supports is regulated and controlled, and the automatic supports are suitable for the inner surfaces of complex workpieces. Then, hydraulic oil flows into an oil inlet of a hydraulic cylinder 19 through a hydraulic pipeline 18 inside the fixture body, so that the rodless cavity is enlarged, the piston is driven to move forwards, the contact gap between the rubber plate 3 and the inner surface of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 is reduced, the fitting is tight, and the internal support effect is realized.
Third, the auxiliary device moves
When the inner surface of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 is supported by the hydraulic cylinder piston, the pressing ring 15 is arranged at the bottom of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16 and is fixed by the pressing plate 8, and the rubber pad is arranged at the lower part of the pressing ring 15, so that the contact area with the bottom of a workpiece is effectively enlarged, and meanwhile, the clamping force applied by the pressing plate 8 is homogenized, the clamping is firm, and the deformation is reduced. In addition, the pressure plate 4 is arranged in an unprocessed area on the upper portion of the workpiece, the locking nut 5 is arranged on the pressure plate 4, and the locking nut 5 is screwed in a manual mode, so that the pressure plate 4 is in close contact with the upper surface of the spherical crown type thin-wall part 16, and compression is achieved.
Fourthly, realizing the pressure maintaining function
After the spherical crown type thin-walled part 16 is clamped, the connecting valve 12 is closed, so that an oil way is cut off, and the system can realize the pressure maintaining function. The connecting valve 12 can keep the clamping path free of pressure leakage for a long time after the oil pressure source is cut off, namely, an oil pipe is pulled out, and the stable internal support can be still realized, so that a large amount of cost is saved. During pressure relief, the B valve of the connecting valve 12 is opened, hydraulic oil is discharged from a rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder through the oil outlet and flows into the liquid storage tank 25, so that the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 19 can be driven to move backwards, the rubber plate is separated from the inner surface of the spherical crown type thin-wall part, and the loosening effect is realized.
The array type internal support fixture device has the advantages of simple structure, reliable performance, simple and convenient operation of the clamping process, high automation degree, capability of realizing effective pressure maintaining and cost saving, stronger adaptability, simple structure and capability of realizing tight fit by adopting a mode of combining the inner tire membrane with automatic support, not only can make up for the deficiency of the rigidity of workpieces at the processing part, but also can increase the damping of a process system, reduce the vibration in the processing process and effectively realize the flexible, rapid and reliable clamping of spherical crown type thin-walled workpieces.
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