CN112673922A - High-efficiency pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents
High-efficiency pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112673922A CN112673922A CN202110259939.XA CN202110259939A CN112673922A CN 112673922 A CN112673922 A CN 112673922A CN 202110259939 A CN202110259939 A CN 202110259939A CN 112673922 A CN112673922 A CN 112673922A
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 229950008167 abamectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000266349 Alternaria tenuissima Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-N-(3-nitrophenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound Cc1ccc(N=Nc2c(O)c(cc3ccccc23)C(=O)Nc2cccc(c2)[N+]([O-])=O)c(c1)[N+]([O-])=O MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002024 Gossypium herbaceum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004341 Gossypium herbaceum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: selecting cotton varieties with strong disease resistance, high yield and early maturity; soaking cotton seeds in a copper sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 0.6-0.9%, treating in a constant-temperature water bath at 35-40 ℃ for 6-12 h, naturally cooling to room temperature, taking out, draining, and accelerating germination; preparing a seed strip formed by pressing a mixed fertilizer layer, a binding agent containing 200FF of weifu and a film; selecting sandy loam with multiple illuminations, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, rich organic matters and low salt content, preparing soil, paving a seed film, covering and compacting the peripheral edge of the seed film by soil, and punching holes on the seed film; and performing conventional cotton field planting management until harvesting. The invention only needs manpower or simple machinery to spread the prepared seed film on the land which is subjected to land preparation treatment, and finishes all the work except topdressing, irrigation and harvesting in the cotton planting process, thereby realizing the high-efficiency cultivation of cotton.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cotton planting, in particular to a high-efficiency pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method.
Background
Cotton, native to the subtropical zone. The plant is shrubbery and can grow to 6 meters in height, generally 1 to 2 meters, when cultivated in tropical regions. Flowers are milky white and turn deep red shortly after flowering and then wither, leaving a small green capsule called boll. The cotton bolls are filled with cotton seeds, fuzz on the cotton seeds grows out of the cotton seed skins and fills the cotton bolls, and the cotton bolls crack when mature to expose soft fibers. The fiber is white or white with yellow, the length of the fiber is about 2 to 4 cm, and the cellulose content is about 87 to 90 percent.
At present, the problems of poor cotton growth potential, serious dead seedlings, serious insect pests and diseases, low yield and large pesticide consumption generally exist in the cotton planting process in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-efficiency pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method, which can realize high-efficiency, high-yield and pollution-free cultivation of cotton.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the high-efficiency pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, variety selection: selecting cotton varieties with strong disease resistance, high yield and early maturity;
s2, seed pretreatment: soaking cotton seeds in a copper sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 0.6-0.9%, treating in a constant-temperature water bath at 35-40 ℃ for 6-12 h, naturally cooling to room temperature, taking out, draining, wrapping with soaked gauze, stacking in a room, keeping the stack temperature at 25-30 ℃, turning once every 3 hours, ensuring that the seeds are uniformly heated, spraying warm water in time when the water content is insufficient, and only needing to expose white buds with the size of sesame grains for about 10% of the seeds;
s3, preparing seed strips:
s31, taking a proper amount of planting field soil, pretreating and crushing the planting field soil, uniformly mixing the planting field soil and a special slow release fertilizer for cotton, a seaweed fertilizer and an abamectin organic fertilizer, wherein the slow release fertilizer accounts for 3/10 of the planting field soil, the seaweed fertilizer accounts for 3/100 of the weight ratio of the special slow release fertilizer for cotton, and the abamectin organic fertilizer accounts for 3/100 of the weight ratio of the special slow release fertilizer for cotton, adding the mixture into a mold, and putting the mold into an isostatic press for pressing for 30min to obtain a mixed fertilizer layer, wherein the thickness of the mixed fertilizer layer is 3 times of the;
s32, pressing dents for accommodating seeds on the obtained mixed fertilizer layer at certain intervals;
s33, placing the cotton seeds subjected to seed pretreatment into the dents, and firmly adhering and fixing the cotton seeds by using an adhesive containing 200FF of weifu;
s34, wrapping the mixed fertilizer layer in a film, and pressing into a sheet shape to obtain a seed film; the seeds are not damaged during pressing, so that the thickness of the seed film is greater than the maximum length of the seeds;
s4, selecting sandy loam with multiple illuminations, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, rich organic matters and low salt content, preparing soil, paving a seed film, covering and compacting the peripheral edge of the seed film by using the soil, and punching holes on the seed film;
and S5, performing conventional cotton field planting management until harvesting.
Further, the adhesive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-20 parts of nano water-based adhesive, 3-5 parts of alternaria tenuissima protein, 3-6 parts of weifu 200FF and 1-3 parts of amino-oligosaccharin.
Furthermore, drip irrigation belts or micro-spraying belts are buried according to the distance between the seeds, the drip irrigation pipe heads or the micro-spraying heads are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode with the seeds, and later-stage topdressing, pesticide application and water supply are achieved based on the drip irrigation belts or the micro-spraying belts.
Further, the dents are semi-ellipsoidal.
Further, in the step S31, the planting land soil is firstly placed at a temperature of 200 ℃, baked for 45min to rapidly dehydrate the planting land soil until the water content is reduced to below 1%, and crushed to 200 meshes, then evenly mixed with water according to a volume ratio of 10:3, added with the special slow release fertilizer for cotton which accounts for 3/10 of the planting land soil, the seaweed fertilizer which accounts for 3/100 of the weight ratio of the special slow release fertilizer for cotton and the abamectin organic fertilizer which accounts for 3/100 of the weight ratio of the special slow release fertilizer for cotton, evenly mixed, added into a mold, and then the mold is placed into an isostatic press to be pressed for 30min to obtain a mixed fertilizer layer.
Further, in the step S34, the mixed fertilizer layer is first placed on the film, and then the film is folded in half and pressed, so as to obtain the fertilizer, wherein the bottom end of the film is provided with a through hole corresponding to the dent position.
Further, after pressing, the seeds are completely wrapped by the mixed fertilizer layer.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the prepared seed film is paved on the land which is subjected to land preparation treatment only by manpower or simple machinery, so that all the work except topdressing, irrigation and harvesting in the cotton planting process is finished, and the efficient cultivation of cotton is realized;
through the reasonable proportion of the mixed fertilizer layer and the application of the adhesive containing the Weifu 200FF, various nutrient elements required by the growth of cotton can be met, the resistance of cotton plants is improved, the use of a large amount of fertilizer and pesticide is reduced, the yield of the cotton is improved, and the pollution-free cultivation of the cotton is realized.
Drip irrigation belts or micro-spraying belts are buried according to the distance between the seeds, and drip irrigation pipe heads or micro-spraying heads are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner with the seeds, so that the late-stage topdressing, pesticide application and water supply can be realized on the basis of the drip irrigation belts or the micro-spraying belts, and the efficient topdressing, pesticide application and water supply can be realized.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a high-efficiency pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, variety selection: selecting cotton varieties with strong disease resistance, high yield and early maturity;
s2, seed pretreatment: soaking cotton seeds in a copper sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 0.6-0.9%, treating in a constant-temperature water bath at 35-40 ℃ for 6-12 h, naturally cooling to room temperature, taking out, draining, wrapping with soaked gauze, stacking in a room, keeping the stack temperature at 25-30 ℃, turning once every 3 hours, ensuring that the seeds are uniformly heated, spraying warm water in time when the water content is insufficient, and only needing to expose white buds with the size of sesame grains for about 10% of the seeds;
s3, preparing seed strips:
s31, taking a proper amount of planting field soil, pretreating and crushing the planting field soil, uniformly mixing the planting field soil with a special slow release fertilizer for cotton in 3/10 of the planting field soil, a seaweed fertilizer in 3/100 of the weight ratio of the special slow release fertilizer for cotton and an abamectin organic fertilizer in 3/100 of the weight ratio of the special slow release fertilizer for cotton, adding the mixture into a mold, and putting the mold into an isostatic press for pressing for 30min to obtain a mixed fertilizer layer; specifically, firstly, placing the planting soil at 200 ℃, drying for 45min to quickly dewater the soil until the water content is reduced to below 1%, crushing to 200 meshes, then uniformly mixing the soil and water according to the volume ratio of 10:3, adding a special slow release fertilizer for cotton, which accounts for 3/10 of the planting soil, a seaweed fertilizer which accounts for 3/100 of the weight ratio of the special slow release fertilizer for cotton and an abamectin organic fertilizer which accounts for 3/100 of the weight ratio of the special slow release fertilizer for cotton, uniformly mixing, adding the mixture into a mold, and then placing the mold into an isostatic press to press for 30min to obtain a mixed fertilizer layer, wherein the thickness of the mixed fertilizer layer is 3 times of the width of seeds;
s32, pressing dents for accommodating seeds on the obtained mixed fertilizer layer at certain intervals;
s33, placing the cotton seeds subjected to seed pretreatment into the dents, and firmly adhering and fixing the cotton seeds by using an adhesive containing 200FF of weifu;
s34, wrapping the mixed fertilizer layer in a film, and pressing into a sheet shape to obtain a seed film; the seeds are not damaged during pressing, so that the thickness of the seed film is greater than the maximum length of the seeds;
s4, selecting sandy loam with multiple illuminations, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, rich organic matters and low salt content, preparing soil, paving a seed film, covering and compacting the peripheral edge of the seed film by using the soil, and punching holes on the seed film;
and S5, performing conventional cotton field planting management until harvesting.
In the embodiment, the adhesive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-20 parts of nano water-based adhesive, 3-5 parts of alternaria tenuissima protein, 3-6 parts of weifu 200FF and 1-3 parts of amino-oligosaccharin.
In this embodiment, drip irrigation tapes or micro-spraying tapes are embedded according to the seed spacing, and drip tube heads or micro-spray heads are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with seeds, so as to realize later-stage topdressing, pesticide application and water supply based on the drip irrigation tapes or the micro-spraying tapes.
In this embodiment, the dimples are semi-ellipsoidal.
In this embodiment, in the step S34, the mixed fertilizer layer is first placed on the film, then the film is folded in half and pressed, so as to obtain the fertilizer, wherein a through hole corresponding to the dent position is formed at the bottom end of the film, and after pressing, the seeds are completely wrapped by the mixed fertilizer layer.
The field test shows that compared with the conventional cotton planting, the cultivation technology of the invention can obviously reduce the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests in the cotton planting process, thereby reducing the use amount of pesticides (about 30 percent reduction); meanwhile, the cotton yield can be obviously improved by about 20 percent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The high-efficiency pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, variety selection: selecting cotton varieties with strong disease resistance, high yield and early maturity;
s2, seed pretreatment: soaking cotton seeds in a copper sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 0.6-0.9%, treating in a constant-temperature water bath at 35-40 ℃ for 6-12 h, naturally cooling to room temperature, taking out, draining, wrapping with soaked gauze, stacking in a room, keeping the stack temperature at 25-30 ℃, turning once every 3 hours, ensuring that the seeds are uniformly heated, spraying warm water in time when the water content is insufficient, and only needing to expose white buds with the size of sesame grains for about 10% of the seeds;
s3, preparing seed strips:
s31, taking a proper amount of planting field soil, pretreating and crushing the planting field soil, uniformly mixing the planting field soil and a special slow release fertilizer for cotton, a seaweed fertilizer and an abamectin organic fertilizer, wherein the slow release fertilizer accounts for 3/10 of the planting field soil, the seaweed fertilizer accounts for 3/100 of the weight ratio of the special slow release fertilizer for cotton, and the abamectin organic fertilizer accounts for 3/100 of the weight ratio of the special slow release fertilizer for cotton, adding the mixture into a mold, and putting the mold into an isostatic press for pressing for 30min to obtain a mixed fertilizer layer, wherein the thickness of the mixed fertilizer layer is 3 times of the;
s32, pressing dents for accommodating seeds on the obtained mixed fertilizer layer at certain intervals;
s33, placing the cotton seeds subjected to seed pretreatment into the dents, and firmly adhering and fixing the cotton seeds by using an adhesive containing 200FF of weifu;
s34, wrapping the mixed fertilizer layer in a film, and pressing into a sheet shape to obtain a seed film; the seeds are not damaged during pressing, so that the thickness of the seed film is greater than the maximum length of the seeds;
s4, selecting sandy loam with multiple illuminations, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, rich organic matters and low salt content, preparing soil, paving a seed film, covering and compacting the peripheral edge of the seed film by using the soil, and punching holes on the seed film;
and S5, performing conventional cotton field planting management until harvesting.
2. The high-efficiency pollution-free high-yield cultivation method of cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adhesive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-20 parts of nano water-based adhesive, 3-5 parts of alternaria tenuissima protein, 3-6 parts of weifu 200FF and 1-3 parts of amino-oligosaccharin.
3. A high-efficiency pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein drip irrigation tapes or micro-spraying tapes are buried according to the spacing between seeds, drip tube heads or micro-spraying heads are arranged corresponding to the seeds one by one, and the follow-up topdressing, pesticide application and water supply are realized based on the drip irrigation tapes or the micro-spraying tapes.
4. A high-efficiency pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dents are semi-elliptical and spherical.
5. A high-efficiency pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S31, the planting land soil is firstly placed at a temperature of 200 ℃, baked for 45min to rapidly dehydrate the planting land soil until the water content is reduced to below 1%, and crushed into 200 meshes, and then evenly mixed with water according to a volume ratio of 10:3, the special slow release fertilizer for cotton which accounts for 3/10 of the planting land soil, the seaweed fertilizer which accounts for 3/100 of the weight ratio of the special slow release fertilizer for cotton and the abamectin organic fertilizer which accounts for 3/100 of the weight ratio of the special slow release fertilizer for cotton are added, and evenly mixed and added into a mold, and then the mold is placed into an isostatic press to be pressed for 30min to obtain a mixed fertilizer layer.
6. The efficient pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S34, the mixed fertilizer layer is firstly placed on the film, then the film is folded in half and pressed, and the cultivation method is obtained, wherein the bottom end of the film is provided with a through hole corresponding to the dent position.
7. A high-efficiency pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeds are fully wrapped by the mixed fertilizer layer after pressing.
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| CN202110259939.XA CN112673922A (en) | 2021-03-10 | 2021-03-10 | High-efficiency pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method |
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| CN202110259939.XA CN112673922A (en) | 2021-03-10 | 2021-03-10 | High-efficiency pollution-free cotton high-yield cultivation method |
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| CN114223489A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-25 | 山西农业大学高寒区作物研究所(山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所) | Northern dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method |
| CN115517139A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2022-12-27 | 青海省农林科学院 | Organic vegetable cultivation process |
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