CN112655819A - Anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising and a preparation method thereof, wherein the anti-avian influenza feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of macleaya cordata, 20-40 parts of common andrographis herb, 20-50 parts of hypericum perforatum and 20-30 parts of astragalus membranaceus. The feed additive is used for feeding chicken, and has remarkable effect of preventing and treating chicken infection avian influenza.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to an anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising and a preparation method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
In recent years, as the living standard of people is continuously improved, consumers put higher demands on the quality of chicken. At present, in the process of raising chickens on a large scale, the ubiquitous problems of low quality (product quality), high investment (breeding cost investment) and high risk (epidemic disease risk), namely two high and one low, particularly the epidemic disease risk, are always important bottlenecks which plague the development of the chicken raising industry in China. In order to avoid the influence of feed antibiotics on the microbial environment in the nature and reduce the occurrence of bacterial drug resistance. The governments of all countries in the world have law and law prohibition on using antibiotics as feed additives, and the countries which are not prohibited also have law and law to strictly limit use and strictly regulate drug withdrawal periods.
In order to solve the problem of high risk of epidemic diseases in the process of raising chickens on a large scale, a series of food safety and human health problems are caused by the residue and accumulation of a large amount of antibiotics and feed additives, and people are prompted to pay attention to a small-scale free-range chicken raising mode. The free-range chickens are fed by pure natural food or semi-artificial feed, chemical substances such as antibiotics and hormones are not added in the feed, and the chickens automatically feed wild grasses and wild insects in the nature in the natural stocking process, so that the chicken quality is far better than that of the chickens completely and artificially fed in large-scale breeding, and the method is an ecological breeding mode for producing green pollution-free food. Obviously, the ecological chicken raising mode brings the defects of small scale, long growth period, low yield and low benefit, and cannot create a large amount of economic benefit and meet the requirements of more and more consumers. Meanwhile, the free-range chickens have less diseases and plagues than the industrial chickens, but still have the diseases and the plagues spread, and finally still need to use antibiotics, so that the accumulation of the antibiotics is caused, and the food safety is influenced. Therefore, people aim to reduce or even avoid the use of antibiotics with more and more attention, and carry out large-scale ecological chicken raising. At present, there is an anti-avian influenza feed additive, for example, chinese patent application CN201911418335, the preparation and application of an anti-avian influenza feed additive, the components of the additive include: the application method comprises the following steps of respectively taking the raw materials of codonopsis pilosula, astragalus mongholicus, schisandra chinensis, acanthopanax, scutellaria baicalensis, Chinese pulsatilla roots, honeysuckle, andrographis paniculata, coptis chinensis, isatis roots, pollen and radix bupleuri, crushing the raw materials into fine powder, sieving the fine powder with a 100-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the fine powder, adding activated yeast, and fermenting the mixture to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition, wherein the using method comprises: the basic ration feed of the chicken and the anti-avian influenza feed additive are mixed together according to the mass ratio of 10-20:1, put into a stirrer and stirred for 15 minutes, taken out and stirred into paste with water for the chicken to eat, but the literature does not provide experimental data. For another example, chinese patent application CN 201660988, a feed additive for preventing and treating avian influenza and a preparation method thereof, comprises the following raw materials by weight: 30-60 parts of folium isatidis, 20-40 parts of hypericum perforatum, 10-30 parts of astragalus membranaceus and 10-25 parts of liquorice.
The veterinary drug is derived from natural medicinal materials, contains polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids, volatile oils and other bioactive substances which exist in nature for a long time, adapts to microorganisms and establishes certain balance, and is not easy to cause drug resistance of bacteria; the bioactive substances can be automatically degraded in the environment, cannot be remained in agricultural products and livestock products for a long time or be enriched through a food chain, cannot cause irreversible damage to the environment, has relatively low toxicity to people and livestock, meets the requirements of green ecological animal husbandry on medicines, and is an important development direction of future veterinary medicines.
In conclusion, the use of green and safe natural medicinal additives to replace antibiotic feed additives is an inevitable trend in the development of modern animal husbandry.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to provide an anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising and a preparation method thereof.
The invention relates to an anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-50 parts of macleaya cordata, 20-40 parts of common andrographis herb, 20-50 parts of hypericum perforatum and 20-30 parts of astragalus membranaceus;
the macleaya cordata is processed according to the following method, which comprises the following steps:
1) crushing: pulverizing dried Macleaya cordata, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve;
2) leaching: extracting with 95% (v/v) ethanol under reflux at a ratio of 1:10 for 3 times (3 hr each time), adding sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.05 wt% of Macleaya cordata during each extraction, mixing extractive solutions, centrifuging at 4000rpm for 15min, and collecting supernatant;
3) acidifying: concentrating under reduced pressure at 60 deg.C, dispersing the concentrate with 10 times volume of 5% dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant;
4) fat removal: adding 1/3 volumes of petroleum ether into the supernatant, separating liquid, and taking a water phase;
5) alkalization: adding concentrated ammonia water into the water phase to adjust pH to 9-10, concentrating at 75 deg.C under reduced pressure to constant weight, and lyophilizing at-45 deg.C and 20 Pa;
6) dissolving: using a mixed solution of chloroform and n-butanol according to a ratio of 1:1 as a cosolvent, and adding the freeze-dried sample obtained in the step 5) to prepare a sample loading solution of 5 mg/mL;
7) chromatography: a developing agent consisting of petroleum ether, methanol and ammonia water in a volume ratio of 5:2:0.5 is used, a capillary is used for absorbing a sample, the sample is applied to a silica gel plate, and the sample is placed in the developing agent for separation; developing under iodine vapor or ultraviolet lamp;
8) collecting: cutting off silica gel at the position of Rf of 0.4-0.5 and 0.8-0.9, re-dissolving with cosolvent, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, and circularly concentrating with cold air to obtain macleaya cordata alkaloid containing 0.850% (w/w) benzophenanthridine alkaloids (sanguinarine and chelerythrine).
Further, the anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35-45 parts of macleaya cordata, 25-35 parts of common andrographis herb, 25-40 parts of hypericum perforatum and 22-28 parts of astragalus membranaceus.
Furthermore, the anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40 parts of macleaya cordata, 30 parts of common andrographis herb, 30 parts of hypericum perforatum and 25 parts of astragalus membranaceus.
The invention relates to an anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising, which comprises the following components:
macleaya cordata: is a perennial upright herb plant of the genus Macleaya of the family Papaveraceae, and belongs to two kinds of plants, including Macleaya cordata and Macleaya microcarpa. It has effects in dispelling blood stasis, expelling pathogenic wind, removing toxic materials, relieving pain, and killing parasite. Mainly treat pain, sore and furuncle; ecthyma; hemorrhoids; eczema; biting by snake and insect; swelling and pain from falls; rheumatic arthralgia; dental caries pain; stubborn dermatitis; trichomonas vaginitis and rosacea have the effects of clearing heat, detoxifying, reducing swelling, resisting bacteria, resisting viruses and diminishing inflammation, and are mainly used for treating influenza, diarrhea, dysentery, white scour, yellow scour and the like of livestock and poultry.
Andrographis paniculata, also known as Chunlian autumn willow, Yijianxi, eleutherococcus, elephantopus scaber, Hypericum japonicum, Oldenlandia diffusa, India grass, Sweetclover, etc. Is an annual herbaceous plant. Has effects in clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving inflammation, and relieving swelling and pain. It is commonly used for cold, fever, swollen and sore throat, sores in the mouth and tongue, cough due to over-strained cough, diarrhea, dysentery, stranguria with heat, carbuncle, swelling, sore and ulcer, and snake and insect bite.
Studies show that hypericin in the extract of hypericum perforatum is 100% effective in killing avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 and H9N 2. The traditional Chinese medicine believes that the traditional Chinese medicine has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, astringing to stop bleeding and promoting diuresis. Can be used for treating hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematochezia, traumatic hemorrhage, rheumatalgia, aphtha, toxic swelling, and burn.
Radix astragali is dried root of Mengolian yellow or membrana pod yellow of Leguminosae. Has the effects of enhancing immunity, protecting liver, promoting urination, resisting aging, resisting stress, lowering blood pressure, and inhibiting bacteria.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising, which comprises the following steps:
1) treating macleaya cordata by the method;
2) pulverizing herba Andrographitis, herba Hyperici perforati, and radix astragali into fine powder, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, and mixing with the Macleaya cordata obtained in step 1) according to formula amount.
The invention also provides a use method of the anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the basic daily ration feed of the chickens and the anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising according to the mass ratio of 0.3-0.5 Kg/ton, putting the mixture into a stirrer, stirring for 120-fold stirring for 150 minutes, taking out the mixture, stirring the mixture into paste with water for the chickens to eat, or drying the paste, granulating, and carrying out damp-proof sealed packaging and storage for later use.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. in the anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising, macleaya cordata is specially treated, and the sodium dodecyl sulfate is added in the leaching step of the macleaya cordata, so that the alkaloid in the macleaya cordata (containing 0.850 wt% of benzophenanthridine alkaloid extracted from natural plant macleaya cordata, mainly sanguinarine and chelerythrine) can be effectively extracted, and the additive is added into the feed additive, so that the effect of preventing and treating avian influenza infection of chickens is remarkable.
2. The anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising, which is prepared by the invention, has low cost and is convenient to operate.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
an anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-50kg of macleaya cordata, 20-40kg of common andrographis herb, 20-50kg of hypericum perforatum and 20-30kg of astragalus membranaceus;
example 2:
an anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-50kg of macleaya cordata, 20-40kg of common andrographis herb, 20-50kg of hypericum perforatum and 20-30kg of astragalus membranaceus;
example 3:
an anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35-45kg of macleaya cordata, 25-35kg of common andrographis herb, 25-40kg of hypericum perforatum and 22-28kg of astragalus membranaceus.
Example 4:
an anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35-45kg of macleaya cordata, 25-35kg of common andrographis herb, 25-40kg of hypericum perforatum and 22-28kg of astragalus membranaceus.
Example 5:
an anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40kg of macleaya cordata, 30kg of common andrographis herb, 30kg of hypericum perforatum and 25kg of astragalus membranaceus.
The macleaya cordata described in examples 1-5 was processed according to the following method comprising the steps of:
1) crushing: pulverizing dried Macleaya cordata, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve;
2) leaching: extracting with 95% (v/v) ethanol under reflux at a ratio of 1:10 for 3 times (3 hr each time), adding sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.05 wt% of Macleaya cordata during each extraction, mixing extractive solutions, centrifuging at 4000rpm for 15min, and collecting supernatant;
3) acidifying: concentrating under reduced pressure at 60 deg.C, dispersing the concentrate with 10 times volume of 5% dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant;
4) fat removal: adding 1/3 volumes of petroleum ether into the supernatant, separating liquid, and taking a water phase;
5) alkalization: adding concentrated ammonia water into the water phase to adjust pH to 9-10, concentrating at 75 deg.C under reduced pressure to constant weight, and lyophilizing at-45 deg.C and 20 Pa;
6) dissolving: using a mixed solution of chloroform and n-butanol according to a ratio of 1:1 as a cosolvent, and adding the freeze-dried sample obtained in the step 5) to prepare a sample loading solution of 5 mg/mL;
7) chromatography: a developing agent consisting of petroleum ether, methanol and ammonia water in a volume ratio of 5:2:0.5 is used, a capillary is used for absorbing a sample, the sample is applied to a silica gel plate, and the sample is placed in the developing agent for separation; developing under iodine vapor or ultraviolet lamp;
8) collecting: cutting off silica gel at the position of Rf of 0.4-0.5 and 0.8-0.9, re-dissolving with cosolvent, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, and circularly concentrating with cold air to obtain macleaya cordata alkaloid containing 0.850% (w/w) benzophenanthridine alkaloids (sanguinarine and chelerythrine).
The preparation method of the anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising, which is described in the embodiment 1-5, comprises the following steps:
1) treating macleaya cordata by the method;
2) pulverizing herba Andrographitis, herba Hyperici perforati, and radix astragali into fine powder, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, and mixing with the Macleaya cordata obtained in step 1) according to formula amount.
The application method of the anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising, which is described in the embodiment 1-5, comprises the following steps:
mixing the basic daily ration feed of the chickens and the anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising according to the mass ratio of 0.3-0.5 Kg/ton, putting the mixture into a stirrer, stirring for 120-fold stirring for 150 minutes, taking out, and stirring the mixture into paste with water for the chickens to eat.
Comparative example 1:
compared with the example 5, the macleaya cordata treatment method has the same steps as the example 5 except that the sodium dodecyl sulfate is not added in the leaching of the step 2).
Comparative example 2:
compared with the example 5, the preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following steps:
pulverizing herba Macleayae Cordatae, herba Andrographitis, herba Hyperici perforati, and radix astragali into fine powder, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, and mixing according to formula amount.
Comparative example 3:
pulverizing Macleaya cordata into fine powder, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve.
Comparative example 4:
pulverizing herba Andrographitis into fine powder, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve.
Comparative example 5:
pulverizing herba Hyperici perforati into fine powder, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve.
Comparative example 6:
pulverizing radix astragali into fine powder, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve.
Experimental example:
test example 1 prevention and treatment effects of anti-avian influenza feed additives of examples and comparative examples on avian influenza-infected chickens
1. Test materials:
the anti-avian influenza feed additive prepared according to the examples and the comparative examples is used according to the reference examples, and amantadine hydrochloride is adopted in the positive control group.
The basic daily ration feed is prepared by self, and each group of test chickens are given the basic feed with the same specification.
Amantadine hydrochloride was purchased from northeast pharmaceutical companies.
The SPF chickens of 8 weeks old are provided by an experimental animal center of a disease control center of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.
The H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus is provided by animal influenza focus open laboratories of Ministry of agriculture.
2. Method of producing a composite material
The test was divided into 13 groups:
group 1 was a normal control group of 10 SPF chickens, given daily basal diet feed without any additives.
Group 2 was a model group of 35 SPF chickens in total, with a challenge dose of 104EID50/0.1ml, 0.2ml per chicken by intramuscular injection, and basal diet feed without any additives daily.
Groups 3-7 are groups of examples of the invention, for a total of 150 SPF chickens. The daily ration feed added with the feed additive provided by the embodiment of the invention is given 15 days before toxin attack, and the toxin attack dose is 104EID50/0.1ml, each chicken was injected intramuscularly with 0.2ml, and daily ration feed supplemented with the feed additive of the embodiment of the invention was given every day from the day of challenge to the end of the experiment.
Group 8 was an amantadine control group consisting of 35 SPF chickens. Feeding daily ration feed added with amantadine hydrochloride 15 days before the toxin counteracting, wherein the toxin counteracting dose is 104EID50/0.1ml, each chicken was injected intramuscularly with 0.2ml, and daily feed supplemented with amantadine hydrochloride was given each day from the day of challenge to the end of the experiment.
Groups 9-14 are comparative groups of the invention, totaling 180 SPF chickens. The daily ration feed added with the feed additive of the comparative example is given 15 days before the toxin counteracting, and the toxin counteracting dose is 104EID50/0.1ml, each chicken was injected intramuscularly by 0.2ml, and daily ration feed supplemented with the comparative example feed additive of the present invention was administered every day from the day of challenge to the end of the experiment.
The number of deaths of the chickens was observed and recorded 14 days after the start of challenge, and then the protection rate was calculated (survival/total 100%).
The data statistical method comprises the following steps: the comparison of the two sample rates was performed using the chi-square test.
Table 1:
note: in comparison to the set of models,**p<0.01; in comparison with the group of examples,##p<0.05。
3. results
The test results are shown in table 1, and the results show that the protection rate of the embodiment group reaches 76.67-83.33 percent and is greater than 62.86 percent of the positive control group (amantadine control group); the differences of the groups of examples 1-5 compared with the model group are very significant (p < 0.01); compared with the groups of comparative examples 1 to 6, the groups of examples 1 to 5 have significant difference of protection rate (p < 0.05).
The results show that the anti-avian influenza feed additive has obvious effect of preventing and treating avian influenza, and the anti-avian influenza feed additive of the groups 1 to 6 has obvious effect when being used in the groups 1 to 5 of the invention.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising is characterized in that: the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-50 parts of macleaya cordata, 20-40 parts of common andrographis herb, 20-50 parts of hypericum perforatum and 20-30 parts of astragalus membranaceus;
the macleaya cordata is processed according to the following method, which comprises the following steps:
1) crushing: pulverizing dried Macleaya cordata, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve;
2) leaching: extracting with 95% (v/v) ethanol under reflux at a ratio of 1:10 for 3 times (3 hr each time), adding sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.05 wt% of Macleaya cordata during each extraction, mixing extractive solutions, centrifuging at 4000rpm for 15min, and collecting supernatant;
3) acidifying: concentrating under reduced pressure at 60 deg.C, dispersing the concentrate with 10 times volume of 5% dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant;
4) fat removal: adding 1/3 volumes of petroleum ether into the supernatant, separating liquid, and taking a water phase;
5) alkalization: adding concentrated ammonia water into the water phase to adjust pH to 9-10, concentrating at 75 deg.C under reduced pressure to constant weight, and lyophilizing at-45 deg.C and 20 Pa;
6) dissolving: using a mixed solution of chloroform and n-butanol according to a ratio of 1:1 as a cosolvent, and adding the freeze-dried sample obtained in the step 5) to prepare a sample loading solution of 5 mg/mL;
7) chromatography: a developing agent consisting of petroleum ether, methanol and ammonia water in a volume ratio of 5:2:0.5 is used, a capillary is used for absorbing a sample, the sample is applied to a silica gel plate, and the sample is placed in the developing agent for separation; developing under iodine vapor or ultraviolet lamp;
8) collecting: cutting off silica gel at the position of Rf of 0.4-0.5 and 0.8-0.9, re-dissolving with cosolvent, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, and circularly concentrating with cold air to obtain macleaya cordata alkaloid containing 0.850% w/w benzophenanthridine alkaloid.
2. The anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35-45 parts of macleaya cordata, 25-35 parts of common andrographis herb, 25-40 parts of hypericum perforatum and 22-28 parts of astragalus membranaceus.
3. The anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40 parts of macleaya cordata, 30 parts of common andrographis herb, 30 parts of hypericum perforatum and 25 parts of astragalus membranaceus.
4. The preparation method of the anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) subjecting macleaya cordata to the method of claim 1;
2) pulverizing herba Andrographitis, herba Hyperici perforati, and radix astragali into fine powder, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, and mixing with the Macleaya cordata obtained in step 1) according to formula amount.
5. The use method of the anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising, which is disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 3, comprises the following steps:
mixing the basic daily ration feed of the chickens and the anti-avian influenza feed additive for large-scale chicken raising according to any one of claims 1 to 3 according to the mass ratio of 0.3 to 0.5 Kg/ton, putting the mixture into a stirrer to be stirred for 120-150 minutes, taking the mixture out, stirring the mixture into paste with water for the chickens to eat, or drying the mixture, granulating the mixture, and carrying out moisture-proof sealed packaging and storage for later use.
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