CN112641002A - Feed composition added with anti-coating compound acidifier - Google Patents
Feed composition added with anti-coating compound acidifier Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Discloses a feed composition added with a substitute anti-coating acidifier, which comprises a basal feed and a coating acidifier, wherein the acidifier is a combination of fumaric acid and potassium diformate, and the coating acidifier comprises a drug-loaded pellet core and an acrylic resin coating layer. By using the feed composition, the growth speed of the weaned piglets is high, and the diarrhea rate is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and relates to a feed composition added with a substitute-antibiotic coating compound acidifier.
Background
In recent years, due to the influence of environmental protection, epidemic situation and upstream raw feed cost, the pig raising industry in China is generally in a situation of insufficient supply. In order to maximize the reproductive performance of adult sows, early weaning of piglets (3-4 weeks old) is a common practice. However, since the digestive system of piglets has not developed to maturity at this time, the nervous and endocrine regulatory systems have not been fully established.
In 3-4 weeks after weaning, the yield of lactic acid in the digestive tract of the piglet is greatly reduced, and the endogenous gastric acid secretion is not enough to make up the reduction of the lactic acid; furthermore, part of the gastric acid is easy to combine with the feed raw materials. The pH value of the digestive tract of the weaned piglets is higher than the level after weaning, and the stress response of the piglets, including poor appetite, slow growth speed, diarrhea rate and increased mortality rate after weaning, can be caused in the transition stage from sucking breast milk to eating solid feed by adding factors such as pathogenic microorganisms and inadaptation of feeding environment. These stress responses are collectively referred to as "early weaning stress syndrome".
In order to prevent and treat the above-mentioned stress response of piglets, antibiotics are usually added to pig feed to control inflammatory reactions caused by various types of infections other than viral diseases. However, the use of antibiotics is twofold, which brings great benefits and also recycles into human body through food intake or environmental residue, thus endangering human health and environmental safety. In this large background, countries around the world continue to develop rather strict legislation on the use of antibiotics in livestock breeding. Taking the European Union as an example, the addition of antibiotic growth-promoting feed additives to animal-derived foods was totally prohibited in 2006. The comprehensive treatment scheme (2015-2019) for the five-year action in national veterinary drug (antibacterial) in China forbids antibiotics from being added into the feed. Accordingly, there is an increasing demand by stockbreeders for antibiotic substitutes (abbreviated as surrogate antibiotics) that are highly effective and are beneficial to food safety.
As antibiotic substitutes, plant extracts (e.g., chinese herbal medicines and essential oils), microbial agents (e.g., enzyme preparations and probiotics), acidifying agents (e.g., inorganic acids and organic acids and salts thereof), and metal ion-based antibacterial agents (e.g., high zinc and high copper products), and the like are used in many cases.
Chinese patent CN107319131B discloses a preparation method and application of a natural anti-functional feed additive, wherein the natural anti-functional feed additive is an amorphous powder solid preparation containing drug-resistant bacteria and anti-inflammatory components, and the weight ratio of the amorphous powder solid preparation is 2: 1, peony seed meal powder and soybean meal powder; wherein, the peony seed meal powder contains 2.5-3.0% of drug-resistant bacteria and anti-inflammatory components. The natural feed additive for replacing antibiotics disclosed by the invention contains anti-G in raw materials+A bactericidal compound with a bacterium positive bacterium and simultaneously has bactericidal efficacy, namely a stilbene compound. The feed additive provided by the invention is used for livestock and poultry, even ruminants, can improve the growth performance and has the antibiotic-like effect. However, the invention needs to extract oil from peony seed fruit and soybean through screw press, pulverize and sieve the residual cake dregs, mix them, and then dry and sterilize them to obtain amorphous powder solid preparation, the whole process is complicated, and the process applicability is complex.
Chinese patent application CN109511811A discloses a substituted medium-short chain fatty acid essential oil preparation and a preparation method and application thereof, the substituted medium-short chain fatty acid essential oil preparation is mainly prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 5-20 parts of formic acid, 5-20 parts of butyric acid, 1-5 parts of caproic acid, 1-5 parts of caprylic acid, 1-5 parts of capric acid, 5-20 parts of lauric acid, 3-10 parts of ammonia gas, 5-15 parts of glycerol, 1-5 parts of origanum oil and 20-40 parts of silicon dioxide, and the substituted medium-short chain fatty acid essential oil preparation can replace antibiotics to play a good role in sterilization and bacteriostasis, promote animal growth and does not pollute the environment. However, the preparation of the anti-medium-short chain fatty acid essential oil contains up to 6 kinds of acids, and contains gaseous raw materials such as ammonia gas and solid raw materials of silicon dioxide, and the formula stability is not satisfactory.
In summary, acidulants are the preferred antibiotic substitutes from the standpoint of formulation stability and process suitability of the feed additive.
The acidifying agent includes organic acidifying agents and inorganic acidifying agents. The former mainly comprises citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, etc.; the organic acid has good flavor and can directly enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle in vivo. The latter mainly includes sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.; the inorganic acid has better effects of reducing the pH value and sterilizing.
However, any acidulant is corrosive and affects mineral metabolism in animals. In addition, the formula of the acidifier also has the defect of unstable use effect, and mainly comprises: the absorption speed of the acidifier in the stomach is too high, so that the gastric acid secretion and the normal development of the stomach function are inhibited; only a small part of the acidifying agent reaches the small intestine and the large intestine, and cannot effectively reduce the pH value in the small intestine, so that the growth of Escherichia coli is difficult to inhibit. This results in poor appetite and thus slow growth rate in weaned piglets; meanwhile, the diarrhea rate is higher.
On the other hand, there are also a few complex acidifiers in the prior art. The acidifier can realize broad-spectrum bacteriostasis and bacterium regulation in a wider pH value range. There are differences in the effect of different kinds of acidifying agents on the palatability of feed.
The inventor finds that the combination of fumaric acid and potassium diformate is not reported as a compound acidifier through scientific and technological investigation. Fumaric acid is known to improve the production performance of piglets by adding organic acid into the daily ration of weaned piglets; potassium diformate is the first non-antibiotic feed additive approved by the European Union to replace antibiotics. Both the two have certain effects of resisting bacterial infection, improving the nutrient digestibility of the feed and the like, and have obvious growth promoting effect on piglets and growing-finishing pigs.
The inventor finds that the effect of the compound acidifier obtained by combining the two acidifiers on improving the production performance of animals is better than that of the single acidifier.
In combination with the above two reasons, there is still a need to find a feed composition with a faster growth rate and a lower diarrhea rate, which is added with an anti-coating compound acidifier.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feed composition added with a coating replacing and coating compound acidifier. By using the feed composition, the growth speed of the weaned piglets is high, and the diarrhea rate is obviously reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a feed composition comprises a basic feed and a coating compound acidifier, wherein the acidifier is a combination of fumaric acid and potassium diformate, and the coating compound acidifier comprises a drug-loaded pill core and an acrylic resin coating layer.
The feed composition according to the present invention, wherein the basal feed is: 60-68% of corn; 18-26% of soybean meal; 2-6% of premix; 1-5% of whey powder; 1-5% of wheat bran; 0.5 to 4 percent of fish meal; 0.5 to 1.5 percent of soybean oil; 0.2 to 1.2 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.1 to 0.3 percent of sodium chloride.
Preferably, the basal feed is: 62-66% of corn; 20-24% of soybean meal; 3-5% of premix; 2-4% of whey powder; 2-4% of wheat bran; 1-3% of fish meal; 0.8 to 1.2 percent of soybean oil; 0.5 to 1.0 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.15 to 0.25 percent of sodium chloride.
In a specific embodiment, the basal feed is: 64% of corn; 22% of soybean meal; 4% of premix; 3% of whey powder; 3% of wheat bran; 2 percent of fish meal; 1% of soybean oil; 0.8 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.2 percent of sodium chloride.
The feed composition according to the invention, wherein per kg of premix there is provided: 5800-6400IU vitamin A; vitamin D31800 IU 2400 IU; 6-14IU of vitamin E; vitamin K30.5-4mg, vitamin B11-5 mg; vitamin B21-5 mg; vitamin B126-14 mug; 0.2-0.8mg of biotin; folic acid 0.5-1.5 mg; 5-25 parts of nicotinamidemg; 5-15mg of calcium pantothenate; fe 50-90 mg; 40-80mg of Zn; 15-35mg of Cu; mn 30-50 mg; se is 0.1-0.5 mg; i0.4-0.8 mg; and the premix does not contain antibiotics.
Preferably, per kg of premix there is provided: vitamin A6000-; vitamin D32000-2200 IU; 8-12IU of vitamin E; vitamin K31-3mg, vitamin B12-4 mg; vitamin B22-4 mg; vitamin B128-12 mug; 0.3-0.7mg of biotin; folic acid 0.8-1.2 mg; 10-20mg of nicotinamide; 8-12mg of calcium pantothenate; fe 60-80 mg; 50-70mg of Zn; 20-30mg of Cu; mn 35-45 mg; se is 0.2-0.4 mg; i0.5-0.7 mg; and the premix does not contain antibiotics.
In one particular embodiment, per kilogram of premix there is provided: vitamin A6100 IU; vitamin D32100 IU; vitamin E10 IU; vitamin K32mg of vitamin B13 mg; vitamin B23 mg; vitamin B1210 mu g of the mixture; biotin 0.5 mg; 1mg of folic acid; 15mg of nicotinamide; 10mg of calcium pantothenate; fe 70 mg; zn 60 mg; cu 25 mg; mn 40 mg; se is 0.3 mg; i0.6 mg; and the premix does not contain antibiotics.
The feed composition provided by the invention is characterized in that the coating compound acidifier is added in an amount of 0.8-2.5 wt%.
Preferably, the coating compound acidifier is added in an amount of 1.2-1.8 wt%.
In a specific embodiment, the coating complexing acidulant is added in an amount of 1.5 wt%.
The feed composition is prepared by mixing solid raw materials and a binder to prepare a soft material and then performing extrusion-spheronization operation.
The feed composition provided by the invention is characterized in that the solid raw material of the drug-loaded pellet core is selected from a mixture of a compound acidifier, corn starch, sodium carboxymethyl starch, white carbon black and microcrystalline cellulose.
The feed composition provided by the invention is prepared from the compound acidifier, corn starch, sodium carboxymethyl starch, white carbon black and microcrystalline cellulose in a weight ratio of (25-35): (25-35): (2-6): (6-10): (24-32).
Preferably, the weight ratio of the compound acidifier to the corn starch to the sodium carboxymethyl starch to the white carbon black to the microcrystalline cellulose is (20-30): (20-30): (3-5): (7-9): (26-30).
In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of the compound acidulant to the corn starch to the sodium carboxymethyl starch to the white carbon black to the microcrystalline cellulose is 25: 25: 4: 8: 28.
the feed composition according to the present invention, wherein the binder is selected from 0.5-4wt% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E3) aqueous solution; the addition amount is 20-50v% of the solid material volume.
Preferably, the binder is selected from 1-3 wt% HPMC E3 aqueous solution; the addition amount is 30-40 v% of the solid material volume.
In a specific embodiment, the binder is selected from a 2 wt% HPMC E3 aqueous solution; the amount added was one third of the volume of the solid material.
The feed composition according to the invention, wherein the process parameters of the spheronization operation are: the rolling speed is 300-700rpm, and the rolling time is 1-5 min.
Preferably, the rounding rotating speed is 400-600rpm, and the rounding time is 2-4 min.
In a specific embodiment, the spheronization speed is 500rpm and the spheronization time is 3 min.
The feed composition is prepared by performing bottom-spraying coating on the drug-loaded pellets by using a coating solution to obtain the acrylic resin coating layer.
The feed composition provided by the invention is characterized in that the coating solution is: 6-12 parts of acrylic resin; 80-120 parts by weight of 90v% ethanol aqueous solution; 1-3 parts of talcum powder; 0.5 to 1.5 weight portions of triethyl citrate.
Preferably, the coating liquid is: 8-10 parts of acrylic resin; 90-110 parts by weight of 90v% ethanol aqueous solution; 1.5-2.5 parts of talcum powder; 0.8 to 1.2 weight portions of triethyl citrate.
In a specific embodiment, the coating solution is: 9 parts of acrylic resin; 100 parts by weight of 90v% ethanol aqueous solution; 2 parts of talcum powder; 1 part by weight of triethyl citrate.
The feed composition according to the present invention, wherein the acrylic resin is selected from the group consisting of Eudragit L100 and Eudragit S100; the weight ratio of the two is (4-8): (2-4).
Preferably, the acrylic resin is selected from the group consisting of Eudragit L100 and Eudragit S100; the weight ratio of the two is (5-7): (2.5-3.5).
In a specific embodiment, the acrylic resin is selected from the group consisting of Eudragit L100 and Eudragit S100; the weight ratio of the two is 2: 1.
the feed composition provided by the invention is characterized in that the weight gain of the acrylic resin coating layer is 18-26 wt%.
Preferably, the weight of the acrylic resin coating layer is increased by 20-24 wt%.
In a specific embodiment, the acrylic coating layer weight gain is 22 wt%.
The feed composition provided by the invention is characterized in that the technological parameters of the bottom spray coating are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 40-60 ℃, the material temperature is 35-55 ℃, the working frequency is 40-60Hz, the spraying pressure is 0.08-0.18MPa, and the liquid spraying speed is 0.5-1.5 mL/min.
Preferably, the air inlet temperature is 45-55 ℃, the material temperature is 40-50 ℃, the working frequency is 45-55Hz, the spraying pressure is 0.1-0.15MPa, and the liquid spraying speed is 0.8-1.2 mL/min.
In a specific embodiment, the air inlet temperature is 50 ℃, the material temperature is 45 ℃, the working frequency is 50Hz, the spraying pressure is 0.12MPa, and the liquid spraying speed is 1 mL/min.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: by using the feed composition, the growth speed of the weaned piglets is high, and the diarrhea rate is obviously reduced.
Without wishing to be bound by any theory, in the feed composition, the effect is achieved by the synergistic effect of the core of the dragee and the coating layer specifically formulated to act as a replacement for the coated acidifier.
Detailed Description
The examples are provided for better illustration of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Coated acidulants
Fumaric acid and potassium diformate are added according to the weight ratio of 3: 2 mixing to form the compound acidifying agent. According to the following steps of 25: 25: 4: 8: 28 weight percent, sieving the compound acidulant, corn starch, sodium carboxymethyl starch, white carbon black and microcrystalline cellulose through a 100 mesh sieve and mixing well, then adding a 2 wt% hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC E3) aqueous solution one third of the solid material volume to prepare a soft mass. Putting the uniformly mixed soft material into an extrusion-rounding machine, and extruding the soft material into strip soft material through a screen with the aperture of 0.8mm at the rotating speed of 50 rpm; rolling the strip-shaped soft material into a circle; the rolling speed is 500rpm, and the rolling time is 3 min; obtain the drug-loaded pellet with high sphericity. Drying the drug-loaded pellets at 50 ℃ for 2h, sieving and retaining the 20-30 mesh drug-loaded pellets to obtain the drug-loaded pellets.
Adding 6 parts by weight and 3 parts by weight of each of Eudragit L100 and Eudragit S100 into 100 parts by weight of 90v% ethanol aqueous solution, and stirring to completely dissolve the mixture; then adding 2 parts by weight and 1 part by weight of each of talcum powder and triethyl citrate, and uniformly mixing to obtain the coating liquid. And (3) placing the drug-loaded pellets in a fluidized bed granulation coating machine for bottom spraying coating, and controlling the weight gain of the coating to be 22 wt%. The air inlet temperature is 50 ℃, the material temperature is 45 ℃, the working frequency is 50Hz, the spraying pressure is 0.12MPa, and the spraying speed is 1 mL/min. Continuously stirring the coating solution during the coating process, and drying at 50 deg.C for 10min after coating to obtain the compound acidifier for resisting coating.
Example 1
The feed formula is base feed and 1.5 wt% of the anti-compounding acidifier. Wherein, the basic feed comprises: 64% of corn; 22% of soybean meal; 4% of premix; 3% of whey powder; 3% of wheat bran; 2 percent of fish meal; 1% of soybean oil; 0.8 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.2 percent of sodium chloride. Per kg premix provided: vitamin A6100 IU; vitamin D32100 IU; vitamin E10 IU; vitamin K32mg of vitamin B13 mg; vitamin B23 mg; vitamin B1210 mu g of the mixture; biotin 0.5 mg; 1mg of folic acid; 15mg of nicotinamide; pantothenic acid10mg of calcium; fe 70 mg; zn 60 mg; cu 25 mg; mn 40 mg; se is 0.3 mg; i0.6 mg; and the premix does not contain antibiotics.
Comparative example 1
The feed formula is base feed and 1 wt% of fumaric acid and potassium diformate (weight ratio is 3: 2). Wherein, the basic feed comprises: 64% of corn; 22% of soybean meal; 4% of premix; 3% of whey powder; 3% of wheat bran; 2 percent of fish meal; 1% of soybean oil; 0.8 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.2 percent of sodium chloride. Per kg premix provided: vitamin A6100 IU; vitamin D32100 IU; vitamin E10 IU; vitamin K32mg of vitamin B13 mg; vitamin B23 mg; vitamin B1210 mu g of the mixture; biotin 0.5 mg; 1mg of folic acid; 15mg of nicotinamide; 10mg of calcium pantothenate; fe 70 mg; zn 60 mg; cu 25 mg; mn 40 mg; se is 0.3 mg; i0.6 mg; and the premix does not contain antibiotics.
Feeding test
Selecting 72 healthy ternary hybrid fattening pigs of 28 days old and equivalent weight; feeding tests were carried out by completely randomly dividing the test requirements into 3 groups (test group III: feed of example 1; test group IV: feed of comparative example 1; control group: 100 wt% basal feed), each group having 4 replicates (columns), each replicate 6, and the male and female proportions being identical.
In the pig raising process, regular disinfection and normal immunity are carried out in a pigsty according to the conventional raising management (the temperature is controlled at 24-28 ℃ and the humidity is controlled at 55-70%). A water fountain and a trough are arranged in the pigsty, and the pigsty is fed for 3 times every day; the next morning, collect the remaining material and weigh. The test period was 28 days.
The feed intake and daily gain of each pig in each group were accurately recorded every day during the test period, and the Average Daily Gain (ADG) and diarrhea rate during the test period were calculated. Wherein, the diarrhea rate is [ diarrhea head number/(piglet head number + test days) ]. is 100%.
See table 1 for results.
TABLE 1
| Numbering | ADG/g | Rate of diarrhea/%) |
| Test group III | 351.5±12.7 | 5.1 |
| Test group IV | 342.7±10.4 | 6.8 |
| Control group | 308.2±11.5 | 11.6 |
As can be seen from the results, the weaned piglets according to example 1 of the present invention not only grew faster but also had significantly reduced diarrhea rate, compared to comparative example 1 and the control group.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the invention is merely illustrative of the spirit and principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, deletions, modifications or adjustments may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the disclosure of the present invention, and such equivalents are also within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A feed composition comprises a basic feed and a coating compound acidifier, wherein the acidifier is a combination of fumaric acid and potassium diformate, and the coating compound acidifier comprises a drug-loaded pill core and an acrylic resin coating layer.
2. The feed composition of claim 1, wherein the basal feed is: 60-68% of corn; 18-26% of soybean meal; 2-6% of premix; 1-5% of whey powder; 1-5% of wheat bran; 0.5 to 4 percent of fish meal; 0.5 to 1.5 percent of soybean oil; 0.2 to 1.2 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.1 to 0.3 percent of sodium chloride; and/or, providing per kilogram of premix: vitamin A5800 IU 6400 IU; vitamin D31800 IU 2400 IU; 6-14IU of vitamin E; vitamin K30.5-4mg, vitamin B11-5 mg; vitamin B21-5 mg; vitamin B126-14 mug; 0.2-0.8mg of biotin; folic acid 0.5-1.5 mg; 5-25mg of nicotinamide; 5-15mg of calcium pantothenate; fe 50-90 mg; 40-80mg of Zn; 15-35mg of Cu; mn 30-50 mg; se is 0.1-0.5 mg; i0.4-0.8 mg; and the premix does not contain antibiotics.
3. The feed composition of claim 1, wherein the coating complexing acidifier is added in an amount of 0.8-2.5 wt%.
4. The feed composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pellet core is prepared by mixing a solid raw material and a binder to prepare a soft material and performing an extrusion-spheronization operation; and/or the process parameters of the rounding operation are as follows: the rolling speed is 300-700rpm, and the rolling time is 1-5 min.
5. The feed composition of claim 4, wherein the solid feedstock of the medicated pellet core is selected from the group consisting of a mixture of compounded acidulant, corn starch, sodium carboxymethyl starch, white carbon, and microcrystalline cellulose; and/or the weight ratio of the compound acidifier to the corn starch to the sodium carboxymethyl starch to the white carbon black to the microcrystalline cellulose is (25-35): (25-35): (2-6): (6-10): (24-32).
6. The feed composition of claim 4 wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of 0.5-4wt% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E3) in water; the addition amount is 20-50v% of the solid material volume.
7. The feed composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the acrylic resin coating layer is prepared by coating the drug-loaded pellets with a coating solution by bottom-spraying; and/or the technological parameters of the bottom spray coating are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 40-60 ℃, the material temperature is 35-55 ℃, the working frequency is 40-60Hz, the spraying pressure is 0.08-0.18MPa, and the liquid spraying speed is 0.5-1.5 mL/min.
8. The feed composition of claim 7, wherein the coating solution is: 6-12 parts of acrylic resin; 80-120 parts by weight of 90v% ethanol aqueous solution; 1-3 parts of talcum powder; 0.5 to 1.5 weight portions of triethyl citrate.
9. The feed composition of claim 8, wherein the acrylic resin is selected from the group consisting of Eudragit L100 and Eudragit S100; the weight ratio of the two is (4-8): (2-4).
10. The feed composition according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the acrylic resin coating layer has a weight gain of 18-26 wt%.
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