CN112585192A - 纤维素粉末、其用途及片剂 - Google Patents
纤维素粉末、其用途及片剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112585192A CN112585192A CN201980044884.1A CN201980044884A CN112585192A CN 112585192 A CN112585192 A CN 112585192A CN 201980044884 A CN201980044884 A CN 201980044884A CN 112585192 A CN112585192 A CN 112585192A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种纤维素粉末、其用途以及使用该粉末的片剂,所述纤维素粉末,相对于纤维素粉末的总质量,含有32质量%以上且44质量%以下的能够溶解于17.5质量%氢氧化钠水溶液的碱溶性物质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维素粉末、其用途及片剂。
背景技术
在以片剂为代表的口服给药制剂中,药物等活性成分的溶出率和溶出时间是在制剂设计方面受重视的要素之一。活性成分的溶出率并不一概取决于活性成分的种类,而是活性成分的含量、剂型、制剂的步骤、药品添加物的种类和特性等诸多因素起作用而决定的。即使在给予相同的活性成分的情况时,由于溶出率、溶出时间不同,药效的表现也有可能产生差异,因此需要控制在适合于每个活性成分的溶出率、溶出时间的范围内。特别是,在所谓的仿制制剂中,通常需要表现出与对比对象的新药相同程度的溶出率。此外,在将水难溶性的药效成分进行制剂化时,崩解性恶化、溶出率降低会成为问题。
另一方面,在生物体外的活性成分的溶出试验中,有时由于在容器底部产生堆积(沉淀物堆积成倒V形)而发生溶出延迟,难于进行溶出率的正确评价。认为堆积内部的溶剂的流量小,堆积内部中活性成分以较高浓度发生滞留,因此溶出延迟。
堆积产生的原因之一中,活性成分与非水溶性的药品添加物(赋形剂等)有时会形成物理性的凝聚体而沉到底部。为了防止堆积产生,减少药品添加物的混合量、或变更为比重轻的物质可以成为有效的手段之一。然而,关于药品,无法容易地变更已确定的处方(组成)的情况也多。
结晶纤维素是代表性的药品添加物之一,纤维素的真比重是水的1.5倍左右,是比较容易沉入水中而容易形成堆积的成分。然而,结晶纤维素在成形性、崩解性等方面具有优异的特性,因此出于防止堆积产生而减少结晶纤维素的混合量或更换为其他成分时,有可能影响作为制剂的其他物性。因此,在使用结晶纤维素的制剂的溶出试验中堆积产生时,不容易改善溶出率。
专利文献1中公开了一种多孔质纤维素凝聚体,其具有纤维素一次粒子凝聚而成的二次凝聚结构,粒子内孔隙容积在特定的范围。专利文献1中记载了通过使用该多孔质纤维素凝聚体,可以改善水难溶性的活性成分的溶出率。
专利文献2中公开了一种使用表面活性剂的制剂的制造方法。专利文献2中记载了通过使用表面活性剂,可以改善水难溶性的药效成分的溶出率。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开第2006/115198号
专利文献2:日本特开2001-335469号公报
发明内容
发明所要解決的问题
然而,专利文献1中并没有提及在生物体外的活性成分的溶出试验时产生堆积。
另外,由于添加表面活性剂等增溶剂会导致片剂的硬度和成形性下降,因此需要减少增溶剂的使用量。
本发明是鉴于上述情况而做出的,提供一种在保持良好的成形性和崩解性的同时,在生物体外的活性成分的溶出试验时能够抑制堆积产生的纤维素粉末、以及使用所述纤维素粉末的抑制堆积产生的方法。
另外,本发明提供一种成形性、崩解性及溶出性良好的片剂,其含有水难溶性的药效成分。
用以解决问题的技术方案
本发明人为了实现上述目的而进行了深入研究,结果发现:碱溶性成分的含量在特定范围内的纤维素粉末能够抑制在生物体外的活性成分的溶出试验时的堆积产生,以及通过使用碱溶性成分的含量在特定范围内的纤维素,能够在良好地保持含有水难溶性的药效成分的片剂的成形性的同时,改善崩解性和溶出性,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明包括以下方式:
[1]一种纤维素粉末,其中,相对于纤维素粉末的总质量,含有32质量%以上且44质量%以下的能够溶解于17.5质量%氢氧化钠水溶液的碱溶性物质。
[2]根据[1]所述的纤维素粉末,其中,相对于纤维素粉末的总质量,含有33质量%以上且42质量%以下的所述碱溶性物质。
[3]根据[1]所述的纤维素粉末,其纤维素一次粒子等效粒径的平均粒径为10μm以上且50μm以下。
[4]根据[1]或[2]中所述的纤维素粉末,其吸水率为160%以上且360%以下。
[5]根据[1]~[3]中任一项所述的纤维素粉末,其纤维素粒子的长径与短径之比(L/D)为1.8以上且3.5以下。
[6]根据[1]~[5]中任一项所述的纤维素粉末,其平均粒径为10μm以上且200μm以下。
[7]一种抑制堆积产生的方法,其在用于活性成分溶出试验的制剂中使用[1]~[4]中任一项所述的纤维素粉末。
[8]一种片剂,其含有:至少一种活性成分和[1]~[7]中任一项所述的纤维素。
[9]根据[8]所述的片剂,其中,所述活性成分是水难溶性的药效成分。
[10]根据[9]所述的片剂,其中,所述药效成分是在FDA所采用的生物药剂学分类系统的规定中被分类为II类或IV类的成分。
[11]根据[8]~[10]中任一项所述的片剂,其中,相对于片剂的总质量,还含有0.1质量%以上且30质量%以下的增溶剂。
[12]根据[8]~[11]中任一项所述的片剂,其中,片剂的硬度在50N以上。
[13]根据[8]~[12]中任一项所述的片剂,其中,相对于片剂的总质量,所述纤维素的含量为1质量%以上且99质量%以下。
[14]根据[8]~[13]中任一项所述的片剂,其中,相对于片剂的总质量,所述药效成分的含量为0.01质量%以上且50质量%以下。
发明效果
根据上述方式的纤维素粉末,可以提供一种纤维素粉末,其在保持良好的成形性和崩解性的同时,在生物体外的活性成分的溶出试验时能够抑制堆积产生。根据上述方式的方法,在生物体外的活性成分的溶出试验时能够抑制堆积产生。
另外,上述方式的片剂含有水难溶性的药效成分,成形性、崩解性及溶出性良好。
具体实施方式
下面将详细说明用于实施本发明的方式(下面简称为“本实施方式”)。此外,本发明并不限定于以下的实施方式,可以在其要旨的范围内进行各种变形而实施。
<纤维素粉末>
纤维素粉末通常称为结晶纤维素、粉末纤维素等,是适合用作药品添加剂或食品添加物的物质。作为纤维素粉末,优选的是结晶纤维素。作为结晶纤维素,例如已知有:《日本食品添加物公定书》第8版中记载的微晶纤维素和《日本药典》(第17次修定)中记载的结晶纤维素、《美国药典》、《欧洲药典》等中记载的结晶纤维素。
本实施方式的纤维素粉末优选为平均粒径为10μm以上且200μm以下,更优选为15μm以上且150μm以下,进一步优选为18μm以上且130μm以下,特别优选为20μm以上且120μm以下,最优选为20μm以上且100μm以下。
通过平均粒径在上述范围内,可以有效地抑制在生物体外的活性成分的溶出试验时堆积的产生,同时也能使压缩成形性与崩解性同时提高。特别是,如果平均粒径为20μm以上,则粉体的流动性变得更良好。
予以说明,纤维素粉末的平均粒径是利用激光衍射式粒度分布仪(LA-950V2型(商品名),堀场制作所制造)测定的累积体积为50%的粒径。
认为本实施方式的纤维素粉末通过含有能够溶解于17.5质量%的氢氧化钠水溶液的碱溶性物质,从而容易适度地吸收水,将水吸引到纤维素粒子中,容易在水流中流动。因此,通过使用本实施方式的纤维素粉末,在生物体外的活性成分的溶出试验时能够抑制堆积产生(沉淀)。予以说明,此处所称的“在生物体外的活性成分的溶出试验”具体地如后述的实施例中所记载,是在水900mL、37℃、桨叶转速50rpm的条件下,使1片的片剂溶出的试验。
另外,含有本实施方式的纤维素粉末的片剂可以加快片剂在生物体内的崩解,活性成分的释放良好。因此,本实施方式的纤维素粉末对口腔崩解片(OD片)适宜。
本实施方式的纤维素粉末中,相对于纤维素粉末的总质量,碱溶性物质的含量的下限值为32质量%,优选为33质量%,更优选为34质量%。另一方面,相对于纤维素粉末的总质量,碱溶性物质的含量的上限值为44质量%,优选为42质量%,更优选为41质量%。
即,相对于纤维素粉末的总质量,纤维素粉末中的碱溶性物质的含量为32质量%以上且44质量%以下,优选为33质量%以上且42质量%以下,更优选为34质量%以上且41质量%以下。
通过本实施方式的纤维素粉末中的碱溶性物质的含量在上述范围内,可以有效地抑制堆积产生。
另外,在用于口腔崩解片时,由于在口腔内的崩解性优异,因此,相对于纤维素粉末的总质量,碱溶性成分的含量优选32质量%以上。
纤维素粉末中的能够溶解于17.5质量%的氢氧化钠水溶液的碱溶性物质可以利用以下方法进行测定。
具体地,首先,在塑料制的50mL离心分离用管中量取各纤维素粉末1g(将此处实际量取的纤维素粉末的重量设为M1[g])。在室温(20℃)下加入17.5质量%的氢氧化钠水溶液25mL,用药匙搅拌水溶液,将全部的纤维素粉末浸入至氢氧化钠水溶液中并静置。从加入氢氧化钠水溶液起经过30分钟后,加入蒸馏水10mL,用药匙搅拌,静置5分钟。接着,对水溶液进行离心分离(离心力:15000G,时间:20分钟,温度:20℃),使固体成分沉淀,用滴管吸取上清20mL并弃去。在残留的沉淀物和溶液中,加入蒸馏水25mL,用药匙搅拌。接着,对水溶液进行离心分离(15000G×20分钟),使固体成分沉淀,将上清25mL弃去。上述洗涤操作再进行2次后,加入10质量%乙酸水溶液25mL,用药匙搅拌,将液体性质调节为酸性。接着,将调节过的溶液用预先测定过干燥时的质量(T1[g])的1G3玻璃过滤器进行抽滤。将残留在玻璃过滤器上的固体成分用10质量%乙酸水溶液40mL进行洗涤,接着,用热水(98℃)500mL进行洗涤。将洗涤后的粉末(固体成分)与玻璃过滤器一起放入105℃的烘箱,干燥6小时以上。从烘箱中取出粉末和玻璃过滤器,放入装有硅胶作为干燥剂的干燥器中,冷却至常温,测定质量(W1[g])。此外,在上述试验中,使用蒸馏水代替17.5质量%氢氧化钠水溶液,进行空白试验。空白试验中,将实际称量的纤维素的重量作为MB[g],将玻璃过滤器的质量作为TB[g],将粉末的质量作为WB[g]。
使用所得到的M1、T1、W1、MB、TB和WB,可以通过如下所述的式计算碱溶性物质的含量(%)。
碱溶性物质的含量(%)={(W1-T1)[g]/M1[g]-(WB-TB)[g]/MB[g]}×100
纤维素粉末中的碱溶性物质的含量,例如可以通过适当变更纤维素的水解条件来调节。具体地,例如可举出:通过增加水解中所用酸的浓度的方法、增加作用于纤维素上的剪切力的方法、增加水解处理时间的方法等,使纤维素粉末中的碱溶性物质的含量增加。
另外,例如通过将纤维素粉末物理粉碎成小粒子,纤维素粉末中的碱溶性物质的含量趋于增加。此外,例如,可以通过将在不同的条件下制造的2种以上的纤维素水分散液进行混合并干燥的方法等,来调节纤维素粉末中的碱溶性物质的含量。
本实施方式的纤维素粉末的松散堆积密度优选为0.10g/cc以上且0.34g/cc以下,更优选为0.11g/cc以上且0.33g/cc以下,进一步优选为0.12g/cc以上且0.30g/cc以下,特别优选为0.13g/cc以上且0.24g/cc以下。通过松散堆积密度在上述范围内,可以有效地抑制在生物体外的活性成分的溶出试验时堆积产生,同时可以使压缩成形性进一步提高。
松散堆积密度可以利用后述的实施例中记载的方法来测定。
本实施方式的纤维素粉末的紧密堆积密度优选为0.25g/cc以上且0.60g/cc以下,更优选为0.26g/cc以上且0.58g/cc以下,进一步优选为0.28g/cc以上且0.57g/cc以下。通过紧密堆积密度在上述下限值以上,容易与药物等活性成分均匀地混合,操作性变得更良好。另一方面,通过紧密堆积密度在上述上限值以下,可以有效地抑制活性成分的偏析。
紧密堆积密度可以利用后述的实施例中记载的方法来测定。
本实施方式的纤维素粉末的压缩率优选为21%以上70%以下,更优选为23%以上且60%以下,进一步优选为25%以上且48%以下,特别优选为25%以上且44%以下。如果压缩率在上述范围内,则纤维素粉末本身的流动性良好,从防止偏析的角度出发优选。
压缩率可以利用后述的实施例中记载的方法来计算。
本实施方式的纤维素粉末中,白度优选为80以上且100以下,更优选为90以上且100以下,进一步优选为95以上且100以下。如果白度在上述范围内,则所得到的片剂为白色,美观性方面优异。
白度可以利用后述的实施例中记载的方法来测定。
本实施方式的纤维素粉末中,吸水率优选为160%以上且360%以下,更优选为160%以上且350%以下。本说明书中所称的“吸水率”是指以纤维素粉末的重量为基准,纤维素粉末能吸收多少重量的水的指标。通过吸水率在上述范围内,可以更有效地抑制在生物体外的活性成分的溶出试验时堆积(沉淀)产生,制成片剂时的崩解性变得更良好。
吸水率可以利用如下所示的方法进行计算。首先,在塑料制的50mL离心分离用管量取纤维素粉末2g(将实际称量的质量作为“Wi”[g]),加入纯水30mL,用药匙边搅拌边使其分散,使纤维素粉末整体浸入纯水中。静置30分钟后,进行离心分离(离心力:7500G,时间:10分钟,温度:20℃),使固体成分沉淀。以不破坏沉淀的纤维素层地将离心分离用管口向下倾斜,除去上清液,在铺有纸巾的台上以离心分离用管口自水平向下倾斜30°的状态静置5分钟,由此除去多余的水。接着,测定吸水的纤维素粉末的质量(Wf[g])。
使用所得到的Wi和Wf,可以通过如下所述的式计算吸水率(%)。
吸水率(%)=(Wf-Wi)/Wi×100
本实施方式的纤维素粉末中,一次粒子等效的平均粒径优选为10μm以上且50μm以下,更优选为15μm以上且30μm以下。通过一次粒子等效的粒径在上述范围内,容易与药物等活性成分均匀地混合,制成片剂时的崩解性变得更良好。
予以说明,一次粒子是单位粒子,将一次粒子的凝聚物称为二次粒子(聚集体(aggregate),附聚物(agglomerate))。如果使二次粒子在水中分散,则可以使凝聚解开,恢复为一次粒子。一次粒子等效的平均粒径可以利用后述的实施例中记载的方法来测定。
本实施方式的纤维素粉末中,纤维素粒子的长径相对于短径之比、即长径比(L/D)优选为1.8以上且4.0以下,更优选为2.0以上且3.8以下,进一步优选为2.2以上且3.5以下。通过长径比在上述范围内,与活性成分的混合性也为良好,成形性与崩解性的平衡优异。
长径比(L/D)可以利用后述的实施例中记载的方法来测定。
本实施方式的纤维素粉末中,休止角的下限值优选为34°,更优选为36°,进一步优选为37°,特别优选为43°。通过休止角在上述下限值以上,粉体容易在水流中流动,难以形成堆积。
另一方面,作为休止角的上限,没有特别限定,但在理论上为小于90°。休止角是在粉末领域中通常使用的流动性的指标,休止角越小,流动性越优异,越容易与药效成分和其他成分均匀地混合。从堆积的形成与流动性的平衡的观点出发,休止角的上限值优选为80°,更优选为70°,进一步优选为60°。
<纤维素粉末的制造方法>
下面,记述本实施方式的纤维素粉末的制造方法。
本实施方式的纤维素粉末例如可以通过包括如下工序来得到:将经水解处理过的天然纤维素系物质分散在适当的介质中而得到纤维素水分散液的工序;使该水分散液干燥的工序。该纤维素水分散液的固体成分浓度没有特别限定,例如可以做成1质量%以上且30质量%以下。这种情况时,也可以从通过水解处理得到的水解反应溶液中分离出含有经水解处理过的纤维素系物质的固体成分,并将其分散在适当的介质中,对制备的分散液进行干燥。此外,也可以直接干燥该水解溶液。
天然纤维素系物质可以是植物性的,也可以是动物性的,例如是含有木材、竹、棉花、苎麻、海鞘、蔗渣、洋麻、细菌纤维素等纤维素的来自天然物的纤维质物质,优选具有纤维素I型的晶体结构。作为原料,可以使用所述中的1种天然纤维素系物质,也可以使用2种以上的混合物。此外,优选以提纯纸浆的形式使用,但对纸浆的提纯方法没有特别限制,可以使用溶解纸浆、牛皮纸浆、NBKP纸浆等任何纸浆。
所述制法中,作为将包含天然纤维素系物质的固体成分分散在适当的介质中时使用的介质,虽然优选水,但只要是工业上使用的介质,就没有特别限制,例如可以使用有机溶剂。作为有机溶剂,例如可举出:甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、2-甲基丁醇、苄醇等醇类;戊烷、己烷、庚烷、环己烷等烃类;丙酮、乙基甲基酮等酮类。特别是有机溶剂优选为用于药品的有机溶剂,作为这类溶剂,可举出在《医药品添加物事典》(日本药事日报社株式会社发行)被分类为溶剂的物质。水、有机溶剂可以单独使用,也可以并用2种以上,还可以在1种介质中暂时分散后,除去该介质,再分散在不同的介质中。
所述水分散液中的纤维素粒子(纤维素分散粒子)的平均粒径优选为10μm以上且200μm以下,更优选为15μm以上且100μm以下,特别优选为15μm以上且50μm以下。如果所述分散液中的平均粒径在上述范围内,则容易得到干燥后所得到的纤维素粒子的平均粒径也在10μm以上且200μm以下的范围的物质。
纤维素分散粒子的平均粒径通过调节在利用水解的原料纤维素的聚合度和纤维素的水解和分散工序中至少任意一个工序的搅拌力,可以控制在期望的范围。通常,如果提高水解溶液的酸、碱浓度、反应温度,则有纤维素聚合度下降、分散液中的纤维素平均粒径趋于变小,此外即使增强溶液的搅拌力,纤维素分散粒子的平均粒径也趋于变小。
天然纤维素系物质的水解中可以使用酸或碱,在工业上多使用酸。水解时的酸浓度优选为0.01质量%以上且1.0质量%以下。如果酸浓度在上述范围内,则容易将纤维素分散粒子的平均粒径控制在10μm以上且200μm以下,并且将碱溶性物质的含量控制在32质量%以上且44质量%以下的范围。
例如,将平均宽度为2μm以上且30μm以下、平均厚度为0.5μm以上且5μm以下的纸浆纤维,在加压下0.01质量%以上且1.0质量%以下的盐酸中,在70℃以上且140℃以下的温度下使搅拌机旋转,同时进行水解。
水解的进行度可以通过调节搅拌机的电机功率(P:单位W)和搅拌容量(L:单位L)来控制。例如,通过调节下式所示的P/V,可以将最终得到的纤维素粒子的平均粒径控制在200μm以下,并且使碱溶性物质的含量在特定范围内。
P/V(W/L)=[搅拌机的电机实际功率(W)]/[搅拌容量(L)]
使纤维素水分散液干燥而得到纤维素粉末时的干燥方法,没有特别限制。例如,可以使用冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥、鼓式干燥、搁板干燥、气流干燥、真空干燥中的任意种,可以单独使用1种,也可以并用2种以上。喷雾干燥时的喷雾方法也可以是盘式、加压喷嘴、加压二流体喷嘴、加压四流体喷嘴等中的任意的喷雾方法,可以单独使用1种,也可以并用2种以上。
在所述喷雾干燥时,出于降低分散液的表面张力的目的,还可以添加微量的水溶性高分子、表面活性剂,出于促进介质的气化速度的目的,分散液中也可以添加发泡剂或气体。
通过在制备纤维素水分散液时控制酸浓度和搅拌条件,得到含有平均粒径为特定大小、碱溶性物质的含量在特定范围内的纤维素分散粒子的纤维素水分散液,进一步通过在干燥该纤维素水分散液时调节纤维素水分散液的固体成分浓度和干燥条件,可以控制所得到的纤维素粉末的平均粒径、压缩率、休止角。例如,利用盘式喷雾干燥进行纤维素水分散液的干燥时,通过将制备纤维素水分散液时的搅拌功率设在特定范围,并且将喷雾干燥时的纤维素水分散液的固体成分浓度和盘式喷雾干燥的转速条件设在特定范围,从而得到平均粒径、碱溶性物质的含量、压缩率、休止角在指定范围内的纤维素粉末。
另外,如后述的实施例中所述,也可以通过将在不同的条件下制造的2种以上的纤维素水分散液进行混合并干燥,得到平均粒径和碱溶性物质的含量在特定范围内的纤维素粉末。
即使在干燥后的纤维素粉末的平均粒径大于200μm时,也可以通过供应到后述的粉碎工序中,将平均粒径调节到10μm以上且200μm以下。
在粉碎工序中,对干燥后的纤维素粉末,可以用如下粉碎机进行粉碎,即超离心粉碎机(ZM-200,莱驰公司制造)、喷磨机(STJ-200,日本SEISHIN企业制造)和锤磨机(H-12,细川密克朗制造)、小型研磨机(バンタムミル)(AP-B,细川密克朗制造)、销棒粉碎机(160Z,POWREX制造)、筛网式破碎机(FM,细川密克朗制造)、锤磨机(HM-600,奈良机械制作所制造)、闪速粉碎机(FL-250N,DULTON制造)、球磨机(Emax,莱驰公司制造)、振动球磨机(2C,TRU公司制造)、过筛的筛磨机(U30,POWREX制造)等。特别是,喷磨机粉碎机(STJ-200,日本SEISHIN企业制造)是一种在高空气压下使粒子彼此碰撞的同时进行粉碎的气流式粉碎机,由于二次粒子容易破碎变成一次粒子,因此优选。
喷磨机粉碎机的粉碎条件重要的是粉末的供给量和粉碎压力,在使用喷磨机粉碎机(STJ-200,日本SEISHIN企业制造)时的供给量优选为10kg/小时以上且20kg/小时以下,进一步优选为15kg/小时以上且20kg/小时以下。此外,粉碎压力优选为0.15MPa以上且0.70MPa以下,进一步优选为0.30MPa以上且0.50MPa以下。如果粉末的供给量与粉碎压力在上述范围内,则趋于容易控制平均粒径为15μm以上且200μm以下。
<使用用途>
本实施方式的纤维素粉末通过混合到含有活性成分的组合物中,从而得到在良好地保持成形性和崩解性的同时,在生物体外的活性成分的溶出试验时堆积的产生得到抑制的片剂。本实施方式的纤维素粉末适于口腔崩解片(OD片)。
<片剂>
本实施方式的片剂含有水难溶性的药效成分和本实施方式的纤维素粉末。
本实施方式的片剂通过具有上述构成,即使含有水难溶性的药效成分,也可以使成形性、崩解性及溶出性良好。
下面,将详细说明本实施方式的片剂的构成成分。
[纤维素粉末的含量]
上述纤维素粉末与本实施方式的片剂的混合比例,可以以任意比例进行混合,相对于片剂整体的质量为90质量%以下是在实用性上优选的范围。下限值为0.1质量%具有实用性。在用于含有较多活性成分的片剂时,优选为0.1质量%以上且50质量%以下左右,更优选为0.1质量%以上且20质量%以下,进一步优选为0.1质量%以上且10质量%以下。
另外,在本实施方式的片剂含有后述的水难溶性的药效成分时,相对于片剂的总质量,纤维素的含量优选为1质量%以上且99质量%以下,更优选为10质量%以上且90质量%以下,进一步优选为15质量%以上且80质量%以下,特别优选为15质量%以上且50质量%以下。
通过纤维素的含量在上述范围内,可以使片剂的成形性、崩解性及溶出性变得更良好。
[水难溶性的药效成分]
本说明书中,“难溶性”是指第17次修订的《日本药典》中溶解1g溶质所需的水量在30mL以上。
作为本实施方式的片剂中所含的水难溶性的药效成分,没有特别限定,但优选是在FDA所采用的生物药剂学分类系统(Biopharmaceutical Classification System)的规定中被分类为II类(溶解度低,膜透过性良好)或IV类(溶解度低,膜透过性差)的成分。
作为被分类于II类的物质,具体地,例如可举出:青蒿琥酯、阿奇霉素、卡马西平、头孢克肟、氨苯砜、依托泊苷、灰黄霉素、布洛芬、碘泛酸、伊曲康唑、罗匹那韦、甲苯达唑、甲氟喹盐酸盐、巯基嘌呤、奈韦拉平、硝苯地平、呋喃妥因、奥沙尼喹、4-氨基水杨酸、苯妥英钠、吡喹酮、利福平、磺胺甲恶唑、甲氧苄啶、维拉帕米盐酸盐等。
作为被分类于IV类的物质,具体地,例如可举出:乙酰唑胺、阿芬达唑、蒿甲醚、青蒿酸酯、硫唑嘌呤钠盐、阿奇霉素、头孢克肟、氯法齐明、环孢菌素、糠酸二氟尼特、依法韦仑、依托泊苷、呋塞米、格列本脲、氟哌啶醇、茚地那韦硫酸盐、伊贝菌素、罗匹那韦、苯芴醇、甲苯达唑、甲氟喹盐酸盐、巯基嘌呤、米非司酮、米索前列醇、奈非那韦甲磺酸盐、氯硝柳胺、奥沙尼喹、4-氨基水杨酸、双羟萘酸噻嘧啶、乙胺嘧啶、视黄醇棕榈酸酯、利托那韦、沙喹那韦、螺内酯、磺胺嘧啶、柳氮磺吡啶、三氯苯达唑等。
这些水难溶性的药效成分还可以以微粉碎的状态与上述纤维素一起被混合到本实施方式的片剂中。例如,出于改善水难溶性的药效成分的分散性,或者改善微量具有药效的水难溶性的药效成分的混合均匀性等目的,本说明书中使用的水难溶性的药效成分的平均粒径优选为1μm以上且40μm以下,更优选为1μm以上且20μm以下,进一步优选为1μm以上且10μm以下。
本实施方式的片剂中,相对于片剂的总质量,水难溶性的药效成分的含量优选为0.01质量%以上且50质量%以下,更优选为0.05质量%以上且49质量%以下,进一步优选为0.1质量%以上且48质量%以下,特别优选为1质量%以上且45质量%以下。
[增溶剂]
本实施方式的片剂除了上述纤维素和上述水难溶性的药效成分之外,还可以含有增溶剂作为辅助水难溶性的药效成分溶解的成分。
作为增溶剂,可适当使用《医药品添加物事典》(日本药事日报社发行)中记载的增溶剂,例如可举出:聚亚烷基二醇、嵌段共聚物型聚亚烷基二醇、聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸盐、聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯甘油脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基烯丙基醚等表面活性剂。
作为聚亚烷基二醇,例如可举出:聚乙二醇(PEG)等。作为用于药品的PEG的市售品,可举出:Macrogol 4000、Macrogol 6000等。
作为嵌段共聚物型聚亚烷基二醇,例如可举出:聚氧乙烯(160)聚氧丙烯(30)二醇等。
作为聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸盐,例如可举出:聚氧乙烯十六烷基醚磷酸钠等。
作为聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯,例如可举出:单油酸聚乙二醇酯、二油酸聚乙二醇酯等。
作为聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,例如可举出:聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(聚山梨酸酯80)等。
作为聚氧乙烯甘油脂肪酸酯,例如可举出:单硬脂酸聚氧乙烯甘油酯等。
作为聚氧乙烯烷基醚,例如可举出:聚氧乙烯月桂基醚等。
作为聚氧乙烯烷基烯丙基醚,例如可举出:聚氧乙烯壬基苯基醚等。
本实施方式的片剂中,相对于片剂的总质量,增溶剂的含量优选为0.1质量%以上且30质量%以下。
本实施方式的片剂中,通过含有上述纤维素,可以制成增溶剂的含量在上述范围内的同时成形性、崩解性及溶出性优异的片剂。
[其他的活性成分]
本说明书中,活性成分是指对于混合粉体、成形物、加工物等,为了在药品、健康食品、食品、工业领域等发挥成为目的的功能或效果而添加的成分。例如,药品领域中的活性成分是药品的药效成分。
下面,例示作为本实施方式的片剂中含有的活性成分合适的物质。
药品的药效成分优选口服给药的药品的有效成分。作为口服给药的药品,例如可举出:解热镇痛消炎药、催眠镇静药、抗嗜睡药、抗眩晕药、小儿镇痛药、健胃药、制酸药、消化药、强心药、心律不齐用药、降压药、血管扩张药、利尿药、抗溃疡药、肠调节药、骨质疏松症治疗药、镇咳祛痰药、抗喘药、抗菌剂、尿频改善剂、滋补剂、维生素剂等。这些药效成分可以单独使用,也可以并用2种以上。
具体地,可举出在《日本药典》、《日本药典外医药品标准(局外规)》、《美国药典(USP)》、《国民医药品集(NF)》、《欧洲药典(EP)》中记载的药品药效成分等,如:阿司匹林、阿司匹林铝、乙酰氨基酚、乙柳酰胺、双水杨酸酯、水杨酰胺、乳酰乙氧苯胺、盐酸异西喷地、盐酸二苯拉林、盐酸苯海拉明、盐酸双苯麻黄碱、盐酸曲普立定、盐酸曲吡那敏、盐酸嘧啶二胺、盐酸芬乙嗪、盐酸甲吡吩嗪、水杨酸苯海拉明、二苯基二磺酸氯苯吡醇胺、酒石酸异丁嗪、鞣酸苯海拉明、茶氯酸二苯拉林、美海屈林萘二磺酸盐、异丙嗪亚甲基双水杨酸盐、马来酸氯苯吡醇胺、dl-马来酸氯苯那敏、d-马来酸氯苯那敏、磷酸二苯麻黄碱、盐酸丙烯氯苯胺、盐酸氯哌斯汀、柠檬酸喷托维林(妥克拉司)、柠檬酸替培啶、地布酸钠、氢溴酸美沙芬、右美沙芬·酚酞啉、替培定、氯苄哌醚联苯酰苯酸盐、磷酸可待因、磷酸双氢可待因、盐酸那可汀、那可汀、dl-盐酸甲基麻黄碱、dl-甲基麻黄碱糖精盐、愈疮木酚磺酸钾、愈创木酚甘油醚、苯甲酸钠咖啡因、咖啡因、无水咖啡因、维生素B1和其衍生物以及它们的盐类、维生素B2和其衍生物以及它们的盐类、维生素C和其衍生物以及它们的盐类、橙皮苷和其衍生物以及它们的盐类、维生素B6和其衍生物以及它们的盐类、烟酸酰胺、泛酸钙、氨基乙酸、硅酸镁、合成硅酸铝、合成水滑石、氧化镁、二羟基铝·氨基乙酸盐(甘氨酸铝)、氢氧化铝凝胶(作为干燥氢氧化铝凝胶)、干燥氢氧化铝凝胶、氢氧化铝·碳酸镁混合干燥凝胶、氢氧化铝·碳酸氢钠的共沉淀产物、氢氧化铝·碳酸钙·碳酸镁的共沉淀产物、氢氧化镁·硫酸铝钾的共沉淀产物、碳酸镁、偏硅酸铝镁、盐酸雷尼替丁、西咪替丁、法莫替丁、萘普生、双氯芬酸钠、吡罗昔康、甘菊环、吲哚美辛、酮洛芬、布洛芬、盐酸地芬尼多、盐酸二苯拉林、盐酸苯海拉明、盐酸异丙嗪、盐酸氯苯甲嗪、茶苯海明、鞣酸苯海拉明、鞣酸胺乙吩嗪、茶氯酸二苯拉林、富马酸二苯海拉明、异丙嗪亚甲基双水杨酸盐、氢溴酸东莨菪碱、盐酸奥西克利平、盐酸双环胺、盐酸美噻吨、溴化甲基阿托品、溴甲辛托品、溴化甲基东莨菪碱、溴化甲基-1-莨菪碱、溴化甲基贝那替秦、颠茄提取物、异丙碘铵、碘化二苯基哌啶基甲基二氧戊环、盐酸罂粟碱、氨基苯甲酸、草酸铯、哌啶基乙酰基氨基苯甲酸乙酯、氨茶碱、二羟丙茶碱、茶碱、碳酸氢钠、呋喃硫胺、硝酸异山梨酯、麻黄碱、头孢氨苄、氨苄青霉素、磺胺异恶唑、硫酸铝、烯丙基异丙基乙酰脲、溴异戊酰脲等、麻黄、天竹子、樱皮、远志、甘草、桔梗、车前子、车前草、美远志、贝母、茴香、黄柏、黄连、莪术、洋甘菊、桂皮、龙胆、牛黄、兽胆(包括熊胆)、沙参、生姜、苍术、丁香、陈皮、白术、地龙、竹节人参、胡萝卜、缬草、牡丹皮、山椒和这些物质的提取物等、胰岛素、加压素、干扰素、尿激酶、舍雷肽酶、生长抑素等。可以单独使用选自上述中的1种,也可以并用2种以上。
作为健康食品用的活性成分,只要是以增强健康为目的而混合的成分,就没有特别限制,例如可举出:青汁粉末、糖苷配基、落叶松蕈、南非醉茄、虾青素、金虎尾、氨基酸(缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸、胱氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、海藻粉末、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸等)、海藻酸、银杏叶提取物、沙丁鱼肽、姜黄、糖醛酸、紫椎菊、刺五加、低聚糖、油酸、核蛋白、鲣节肽、儿茶素、钾、钙、类胡萝卜素、藤黄、L-肉碱、壳聚糖、共轭亚油酸、八宏殿芦荟、匙羹藤提取物、柠檬酸、肾茶、甘油酯、甘油、胰高血糖素、姜黄素、葡萄糖胺、L-谷氨酰胺、小球藻、蔓越莓提取物、猫爪藤、锗、酶、高丽参提取物、辅酶Q10、胶原蛋白、胶原蛋白肽、毛喉鞘蕊花、软骨素、车前子壳粉、山楂提取物、皂苷、脂质、L-胱氨酸、紫苏提取物、藤黄果、脂肪酸、植物固醇、种子提取物、螺旋藻、角鲨烷、白柳、神经酰胺、硒、圣约翰草提取物、大豆异黄酮、大豆皂苷、大豆肽、大豆磷脂、单糖、蛋白质、贞洁树提取物、铁、铜、二十二碳六烯酸、生育三烯酚、纳豆激酶、纳豆菌培养提取物、烟碱酸钠、烟酸、二糖、乳酸菌、大蒜、锯棕榈、发芽米、薏苡提取物、香草(herb)提取物、缬草提取物、泛酸、透明质酸、生物素、吡啶甲酸铬、维生素A、维生素A2维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、羟基酪醇、双歧杆菌、啤酒酵母、低聚果糖、类黄酮、假叶树提取物、黑升麻、蓝莓、李子提取物、原花色素、蛋白质、蜂胶、菠萝蛋白酶、益生菌、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸、β-胡萝卜素、肽、红花提取物、灰树花提取物、玛卡提取物、镁、水飞蓟、锰、线粒体、矿物质、粘多糖、褪黑素、桑黄、草木犀提取物粉、钼、蔬菜粉、叶酸、乳糖、番茄红素、亚油酸、硫辛酸、磷、叶黄素、卵磷脂、迷迭香酸、蜂王浆、DHA、EPA等。
活性成分除了可以是水溶性之外,也可以是难溶性。“难溶性”是指第17次修订的《日本药典》中溶解1g溶质所需的水量在30mL以上。
作为水难溶性且固体状的活性成分,可举出在《日本药典》、《日本药典外医药品标准》、《USP》、《NF》、《EP》中记载的药品药效成分等,如:乙酰氨基酚、布洛芬、苯甲酸、乙柳酰胺、咖啡因、樟脑、奎宁、葡萄糖酸钙、二巯基丙醇、磺酰胺、茶碱、可可碱、核黄素、甲苯丙醇、苯巴比妥、氨茶碱、氨硫脲、槲皮素、芦丁、水杨酸、茶碱钠盐、凡拉蒙(pyrabital)、盐酸奎宁、伊格比林(Irgapyrin)、地高辛、灰黄霉素、非那西丁等解热镇痛药、神经系统药物、镇静催眠药、肌肉松弛剂、降血压剂、抗组胺剂等;乙酰螺旋霉素、氨苄青霉素、红霉素、吉他霉素、氯霉素、三乙酰竹桃霉素、制霉菌素、硫酸粘菌素等抗生素;甲基睾丸酮、甲基雄烯二醇、孕激素、雌二醇苯甲酸酯、炔雌醇、乙酸去氧皮质酮、醋酸可的松、氢化可的松、醋酸氢化可的松、泼尼松龙等甾体激素剂;己二烯雌酚、己烷雌酚、己烯雌酚、己烯雌酚二丙酸酯、氯烯雌醚等非甾体系卵黄激素剂;其他脂溶性维生素类等。可以单独使用选自上述中的1种,也可以并用2种以上。只要是水难溶性,不管升华性、表面极性的程度如何,通过在本实施方式的片剂中作为活性成分来混合,都可以得到本发明的效果。
活性成分也可以是水难溶性的油状、液状的物质。作为活性成分中的水难溶性的油状、液状活性成分,可举出在《日本药典》、《日本药典外医药品标准》、《USP》、《NF》、《EP》中记载的药品药效成分等,如:替普瑞酮、吲哚美辛·法呢酯、四烯甲萘醌、植物甲萘醌、维生素A油、苯戊醇、维生素D、维生素E等维生素类、DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)、EPA(二十碳五烯酸)、肝油等高级不饱和脂肪酸类、辅酶Q类、橙油、柠檬油、薄荷油等油溶性香味料等。维生素E中有各种同系物、衍生物,但只要是在常温为液状,就没有特别限制。例如可举出:dl-α-生育酚、乙酸dl-α-生育酚、d-α-生育酚、乙酸d-α-生育酚等。可以单独使用选自上述中的1种,也可以并用2种以上。
活性成分也可以是水难溶性的半固体状的活性成分。作为活性成分中的水难溶性的半固体状,例如可举出:地龙、甘草、桂皮、芍药、牡丹皮、缬草、山椒、生姜、陈皮、麻黄、天竹子、樱皮、远志、桔梗、车前子、车前草、石蒜、美远志、贝母、茴香、黄柏、黄连、莪术、洋甘菊、龙胆、牛黄、兽胆、沙参、生姜、苍术、丁香、陈皮、白术、竹节人参、胡萝卜、葛根汤、桂枝汤、香苏散、紫胡桂枝汤、小紫胡汤、小青龙汤、麦门冬汤、半夏厚朴汤、麻黄汤等中草药或生药提取物类;牡蛎肉提取物、蜂胶和蜂胶提取物、辅酶Q类等。可以单独使用选自上述中的1种,也可以并用2种以上。
活性成分也可以是升华性的物质。作为升华性的活性成分,例如可举出在《日本药典》、《日本药典外医药品标准》、《USP》、《NF》、《EP》中记载的升华性的药品药效成分等,如:苯甲酸、乙柳酰胺、咖啡因、樟脑、水杨酸、非那西丁、布洛芬等。可以单独使用选自上述中的1种,也可以并用2种以上。予以说明,本说明书中所说的升华性的活性成分,只要是具有升华性的物质,就没有特别限制,可以是常温下固体状、液体状、半固体状中的任何状态。
这些活性成分还可以以微粉碎的状态与本实施方式的纤维素粉末一起混合到本实施方式的片剂中。例如,为了改善活性成分的分散性,或者改善微量具有药效的活性成分的混合均匀性等,本说明书中使用的活性成分可以微粉碎为平均粒径为1μm以上且40μm以下。作为活性成分的平均粒径,更优选为1μm以上且20μm以下,进一步优选为1μm以上且10μm以下。
[其他添加剂]
本实施方式的片剂除了所述的纤维素粉末和水难溶性的药效成分之外,还可以含有其他添加剂。作为其他添加剂,可举出:赋形剂、崩解剂、粘合剂、流化剂、润滑剂、矫味剂等。
作为纤维素粉末以外的赋形剂,可举出在《医药品添加物事典》(日本药事日报社株式会社发行)中被分类为赋形剂的物质,如:丙烯酸淀粉、L-天冬氨酸、氨基乙磺酸、氨基乙酸、糖(粉)、阿拉伯胶、阿拉伯胶粉、海藻酸、海藻酸钠、预糊化淀粉、浮石粒、肌醇、乙基纤维素、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、氯化钠、橄榄油、高岭土、可可脂、酪蛋白、果糖、浮石粒、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、含水二氧化硅、干燥酵母、干燥氢氧化铝凝胶、干燥硫酸钠、干燥硫酸镁、琼脂、琼脂粉、木糖醇、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸二钠、甘油、甘油磷酸钙、葡萄糖酸钠、L-谷氨酰胺、粘土、粘土3、粘土粒、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联聚维酮、硅酸铝镁、硅酸钙、硅酸镁、轻质硅酸酐、轻质液体石蜡、桂皮粉、结晶纤维素、结晶纤维素·羧甲基纤维素钠、结晶纤维素(粒)、糙米曲子、合成硅酸铝、合成水滑石、芝麻油、小麦粉、小麦淀粉、小麦胚芽粉、米粉、米淀粉、乙酸钾、乙酸钙、乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素、红花油、白蜂蜡、氧化锌、氧化钛、氧化镁、β-环糊精、二羟基氨基乙酸铝、2,6-二-丁基-4-甲基苯酚、二甲基聚硅氧烷、酒石酸、酒石酸氢钾、煅烧石膏、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、氢氧化铝镁、氢氧化铝·凝胶、氢氧化铝·碳酸氢钠共沉淀物、氢氧化镁、鲨烯、硬脂醇、硬脂酸、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸聚乙二醇酯、硬脂酸镁、大豆氢化油、精制明胶、精制虫胶、精制白糖、精制白糖球状颗粒、十八醇十六醇混合物、聚乙二醇1000单十六烷基醚、明胶、脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、D-山梨糖醇、磷酸三钙、大豆油、大豆非皂化物、大豆磷脂、脱脂奶粉、滑石、碳酸铵、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、中性无水硫酸钠、低取代度羟丙基纤维素、右旋糖酐、糊精、天然硅酸铝、玉米淀粉、西黄蓍胶粉、二氧化硅、乳酸钙、乳糖、乳糖造粒物、パーフィラー101、白虫胶、白色凡士林、白土、白糖、白糖·淀粉球状颗粒、裸麦绿叶提取物粉、裸麦芽叶青汁干燥粉末、蜂蜜、石蜡、马铃薯淀粉、半消化体淀粉、人血清白蛋白、羟丙基淀粉、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、肌醇六磷酸、葡萄糖、葡萄糖水和物、部分预糊化淀粉、普鲁兰多糖、丙二醇、粉末还原麦芽糖糖稀、粉末纤维素、果胶、膨润土、聚丙烯酸钠、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯(105)聚氧丙烯(5)二醇、聚氧乙烯(160)聚氧丙烯(30)二醇、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠、聚山梨酸酯80、聚乙烯醇缩醛二乙基氨基乙酸酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇、麦芽糖醇、麦芽糖、D-甘露醇、糖稀、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、无水乳糖、无水磷酸氢钙、无水磷酸钙造粒物、偏硅酸铝镁、甲基纤维素、棉籽粉、棉籽油、日本蜡、单硬脂酸铝、单硬脂酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸脱水山梨糖醇酯、药用炭、花生油、硫酸铝、硫酸钙、粒状玉米淀粉、液体石蜡、dl-苹果酸、磷酸一氢钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸氢钙造粒物、磷酸氢钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸二氢钙、磷酸二氢钠等。这些可以单独使用,也可以并用2种以上。
作为崩解剂,可举出在《医药品添加物事典》(日本药事日报社株式会社发行)中被分类为崩解剂的物质,如:交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钙、羧甲基纤维素钠、低取代度羟丙基纤维素等纤维素类;羧甲基淀粉钠、羟丙基淀粉、米淀粉、小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、部分预糊化淀粉等淀粉类;交联聚维酮、交联聚维酮共聚物等合成高分子等。可以单独使用选自上述中的1种,也可以并用2种以上。作为粘合剂,可举出在《医药品添加物事典》(日本药事日报社株式会社发行)中被分类为粘合剂的物质,如:白糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、果糖等糖类;甘露醇、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、赤藓糖醇、山梨糖醇等糖醇类;明胶、普鲁兰多糖、角叉菜胶、刺槐豆胶、琼脂、葡甘露聚糖、黄原胶、罗望子胶、果胶、海藻酸钠、阿拉伯胶等水溶性多糖类;结晶纤维素、粉末纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素等纤维素类;预糊化淀粉、淀粉糊等淀粉类;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧基乙烯基聚合物、聚乙烯醇等合成高分子类;磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、合成水滑石、硅酸铝镁等无机化合物类等。可以单独使用选自上述中的1种,也可以并用2种以上。
作为流化剂,可举出含水二氧化硅、轻质硅酸酐等硅化合物类等在《医药品添加物事典》(日本药事日报社株式会社发行)中被分类为流化剂的物质。可以单独使用选自上述中的1种,也可以并用2种以上。
作为润滑剂,可举出硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、滑石等在《医药品添加物事典》(日本药事日报社发行)中被分类为润滑剂的物质。可以单独使用选自上述中的1种,也可以并用2种以上。
作为矫味剂,可举出谷氨酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、酒石酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、氯化钠、1-薄荷醇等在《医药品添加物事典》(日本药事日报社株式会社发行)中被分类为矫味剂的物质。可以单独使用选自上述中的1种,也可以并用2种以上。
作为香料,可举出橙、香草、草莓、酸奶、薄荷醇、茴香油、桂皮油、云杉油、薄荷油等油类、绿茶粉等在《医药品添加物事典》(日本药事日报社发行)中被分类为增香剂、香料的物质。可以单独使用选自上述中的1种,也可以并用2种以上。
作为着色剂,可举出食用红色3号、食用黄色5号、食用青色1号等食用色素、叶绿素铜钠盐、氧化钛、核黄素等在《医药品添加物事典》(日本药事日报社发行)中被分类为着色剂的物质。可以单独使用选自上述中的1种,也可以并用2种以上。
作为甜味剂,可举出阿斯巴甜、糖精、甘草酸二钾、甜菊甙、麦芽糖、麦芽糖醇、糖稀、甘茶粉等在《医药品添加物事典》(日本药事日报社发行)中被分类为甜味剂的物质。可以单独使用选自上述中的1种,也可以并用2种以上。
<片剂的制造方法>
本实施方式的片剂例如可以利用如下所示的方法来制造。如下所示的片剂的制造方法只是一例,本实施方式的效果并不受限于以下方法。
作为片剂的制造方法,例如可举出:将水难溶性的药效成分与纤维素混合后进行压缩成型的方法等。此时,除了水难溶性的药效成分以外,还可以根据需要混合其他添加剂。作为其他添加剂,例如可举出:从上述所示的赋形剂、崩解剂、粘合剂、流化剂、润滑剂、矫味剂、香料、着色剂、甜味剂、助溶剂等成分中选出的一种以上。
各成分的添加顺序没有特别限制,可以是如下方法中的任意方法:i)将水难溶性的药效成分、纤维素和根据需要添加的其他添加剂一次性混合进行压缩成形的方法;ii)将水难溶性的药效成分以及流化剂和润滑剂中的至少一种添加剂等进行前处理混合,再将纤维素和根据需要添加的其他添加剂混合后进行压缩成形的方法。从操作的简便性来考虑,优选i)。i)、ii)中得到的压缩成形用混合粉中添加润滑剂,再混合后,可进行压缩成形。各成分的添加方法,只要是通常进行的方法就没有特别限制,可以使用小型抽吸输送装置、空气输送装置、斗式输送机、压送式输送装置、真空输送机、振动式定量给料机、喷雾器、漏斗等连续添加或者一次性全部加入。作为喷雾方法,也可以是如下中的任意方法:使用压力喷嘴、二流体喷嘴、四流体喷嘴、旋转盘、超声波喷嘴等对水难溶性的药效成分溶液/分散液进行喷雾的方法、从管状喷嘴滴加水难溶性的药效成分溶液/分散液的方法。
混合方法,只要是通常进行的方法就没有特别限制,可以使用V型、W型、双锥型、容器固定型混合机等容器旋转式混合机;高速搅拌型、万能搅拌型、带型、揉捏(Pug)型、诺塔(Nauta)型混合机等搅拌式混合机;高速流动式混合机、转鼓式混合机、流化床式混合机。此外,也可以使用振动器等容器振动式混合机。
压缩成形方法,只要是通常进行的方法就没有特别限制,但也可以是使用凹模和冲头压缩成形为所期望的形状的方法、预先压缩成形为片状后再切割成所期望的形状的方法。作为压缩成形机,例如可以使用静压压力机;辊压块型压力机、平滑辊型压力机等辊式压力机;单冲压片机、旋转压片机等压缩机。
作为将水难溶性的药效成分溶解或分散在介质中的方法,只要是通常进行的溶解、分散方法,就没有特别限制,但可以使用如下方法:使用便携式混合器、立体混合器、侧面混合器等的单向旋转式、多轴旋转式、往复反转式、上下移动式、旋转+上下移动式、管路式等搅拌叶片的搅拌混合方法;管道混合器等的喷流式搅拌混合方法;气体吹入式的搅拌混合方法;使用高剪切均质机、高压均质机、超声波均质机等的混合方法;使用振动器的容器振动式混合方法等。
作为所述的制造方法中使用的溶剂,只要是用于药品的溶剂就没有特别的限制,例如可以使用水和有机溶剂中的至少一种。作为有机溶剂,可举出在《医药品添加物事典》(日本药事日报社发行)中被分类为溶剂的物质,如:甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、2-甲基丁醇、苄醇等醇类;戊烷、己烷、庚烷、环己烷等烃类;丙酮、乙基甲基酮等酮类等。溶剂可以单独使用其1种,也可以并用2种以上,还可以在1种介质中暂时分散后,除去该介质,再分散在不同的介质中。
将水难溶性的药效成分溶解在介质中时,作为助溶剂,可以使用增溶剂。作为增溶剂,例如可举出:水溶性高分子、油脂、表面活性剂等。用作增溶剂的水溶性高分子、油脂、表面活性剂可适当使用《医药品添加物事典》(日本药事日报社株式会社发行)中记载的物质。具体地,可举出与上述作为增溶剂例示的物质同样的物质。这些可以单独使用,也可以并用2种以上。
作为成形为片剂的方法,例如可示例将水难溶性的药效成分与纤维素的混合物或将1种以上的水难溶性的药效成分与纤维素和根据需要的其他添加剂的混合物直接压缩成形的直接压片法。其他也可以使用如下制造方法:将预先压缩成形的片剂作为片芯的多芯片、将预先压缩的多个成形体重叠再次压缩的多层片的制造方法等。从生产率和工序管理的难易度考虑,优选直接压片法。
可进一步对压缩成形的片剂实施包衣。作为此时使用的包衣剂,例如可举出:《医药品添加物事典》(日本药事日报社发行)中记载的包衣剂。这些可以单独使用,也可以并用2种以上。
作为制造工序中经过造粒时的造粒方法,有干式造粒、湿式造粒、加热造粒、喷雾造粒、微囊化。湿式造粒法中,具体地,流化床造粒法、搅拌造粒法、挤出造粒法、破碎造粒法、滚动造粒法有效,流化床造粒法中是在流化床造粒装置中,向流动化的粉体喷射粘合液来造粒。搅拌造粒法中,在添加粘合液的同时,在混合槽内旋转搅拌叶片,由此粉体的混合、混炼、造粒在密闭结构中同时进行。挤出造粒法中,通过添加粘合液进行混炼,将得到的湿润块用螺旋式和篮式等方法,通过从适当大小的网筛强制性地挤出来造粒。破碎造粒法中,通过添加粘合液进行混炼,将得到的湿润块用造粒机的旋转刀片剪切并破碎,利用其离心力,通过从外周的网筛甩出来造粒。滚动造粒法中,通过旋转的转子的离心力进行滚动,此时通过从喷枪喷射的粘合液,通过以雪球式地使粒径均匀的球形颗粒生长来造粒。
造粒物的干燥方法还可以使用如热风加热型(搁板干燥、真空干燥、流化床干燥)、传导传热型(平锅型、搁板箱型、转鼓型)和冷冻干燥这样的任一种方法。热风加热型中,使热风与添加剂直接接触,同时蒸发除去水分。传导传热型中,通过传热壁间接地对添加剂进行加热。冷冻干燥中,先将添加剂在-10℃以上且40℃以下中进行冷冻,接着通过在高真空下(1.3×10-5MPa以上且2.6×10-4MPa以下)进行加热,使水升华而除去。
<片剂的特性>
[摩损度]
本实施方式的片剂的摩损度优选为0.5%以下,更优选为0.4%以下,进一步优选为0.3%以下,特别优选为0.2%以下,最优选为0.1%以下。
本实施方式的片剂通过含有上述纤维素,可以使摩损度在上述上限值以下。
[硬度]
本实施方式的片剂的硬度优选为50N以上,更优选为51N以上。
本实施方式的片剂通过含有上述纤维素,可以使硬度在上述上限值以下。片剂的硬度可以利用后述的实施例中记载的方法来测定。
实施例
下面,举出实施例和比较例详细说明本实施方式,但是本实施方式并不限定于此。此外,实施例、比较例中的各物性及其测定方法如下所示。
<物性的测定方法>
[物性1]碱溶性物质的含量
在塑料制的50mL离心分离用管(NalgeneTM高速圆底PPCO离心管,产品编号:3110-0500)中,量取各纤维素粉末1g(将此处实际量取的纤维素粉末的重量作为M1[g])。在室温(20℃)下加入17.5质量%氢氧化钠水溶液25mL,用药匙搅拌水溶液,将全部纤维素粉末浸入氢氧化钠水溶液中并静置。从加入氢氧化钠水溶液起经过30分钟后,加入蒸馏水10mL,用药匙搅拌,静置5分钟。接着,对水溶液进行离心分离(Inverter紧凑型高速冷却离心机,久保田制作所,型号:6930,角转子RA-400,离心力:15000G,时间:20分钟,温度:20℃,加速(Accel):快速(Rapid),减速(Decel):快速(Rapid)),使固体成分沉淀,用滴管吸取上清20mL并弃去。在残留的沉淀物和溶液中,加入蒸馏水25mL,用药匙搅拌。接着,对水溶液进行离心分离(15000G×20分钟),使固体成分沉淀,将上清25mL弃去。将上述洗涤操作再进行2次后,加入10质量%乙酸水溶液25mL,用药匙搅拌,将液体性质调节为酸性。接着,将调节过的溶液用预先测定过干燥时的质量(T1[g])的1G3玻璃过滤器进行抽滤。将残留在玻璃过滤器上的固体成分用10质量%乙酸水溶液40mL进行洗涤,接着用热水(98℃)500mL进行洗涤。将洗涤后的粉末(固体成分)与玻璃过滤器一起放入105℃的烘箱,干燥6小时以上。从烘箱中取出粉末和玻璃过滤器,放入装有硅胶作为干燥剂的干燥器中,冷却至常温,测定质量(W1[g])。
另外,在上述试验中,使用蒸馏水代替17.5质量%氢氧化钠水溶液,进行空白试验。空白试验中,将实际量取的纤维素的重量作为MB[g],将玻璃过滤器的质量作为TB[g],将粉末的质量作为WB[g]。使用所得到的M1、T1、W1、MB、TB和WB,可以通过如下所述的式计算碱溶性物质的含量(%)。此外,对于各纤维素粉末,进行2次以上的碱溶性物质的测定,采用平均值。
碱溶性物质的含量(%)={(W1-T1)[g]/M1[g]-(WB-TB)[g]/MB[g]}×100
[物性2]纤维素粉末的平均粒径
使用激光衍射式粒度分布仪(LA-950V2(商品名),堀场制作所制造),在干式测定模式下,以压缩空气压0.10MPa、进料器速度160、进料器初始速度系数1.2、折射率1.51进行测定。将通过测定得到的累积体积50%粒子作为纤维素粉末的平均粒径(μm)。
[物性3]纤维素粉末的松散堆积密度
测定中,使用将水分含量调节为3.5质量%以上且4.5质量%以下的纤维素粉末。在纤维素粉末的水分含量的范围低于下限时,通过使用恒温恒湿机等使纤维素粉末吸收水分来调节。此外,在高于上限时,在热风烘箱中向纤维素粉末均等地施以60℃热风将水分调节在范围内。
在纤维素粉末的松散堆积密度的测定中,使用斯科特(Scott)容积计(型号ASTMB-329-85,筒井理化学器械制造),经过筛网(筛孔1mm)将纤维素粉末填充到25cc的圆筒金属容器中。将容纳在25cc的圆筒金属容器中的纤维素粉末刮平,并将容纳在容器中的纤维素粉末的质量(g)除以25cc,求出松散堆积密度。测定实施5次,求出平均值。
[物性4]纤维素粉末的紧密堆积密度
测定中使用将水分含量调节为3.5质量%以上且4.5质量%以下的纤维素粉末。使用“物性3”中记载的方法将纤维素粉末的水分含量调节至该范围。使用粉体物性测定仪(PT-R,细川密克朗制造),计算紧密堆积密度(紧密表观比重)(g/cc)。所使用的筛网的筛孔使用710μm,漏斗使用金属制(抗静电喷雾涂布)的内径为0.8cm。振动(VIBRATION)在2.0(供给电源:AC100V,60Hz)下实施。
[物性5]纤维素粉末的压缩率
通过如下所述的式,计算各纤维素粉末的压缩率。
压缩度(%)=([紧密堆积密度]-[松散堆积密度])/[紧密堆积密度]×100
[物性6]纤维素粉末的白度
使用分光色度仪(SE-2000,日本电色工业制造),求出亮度(L)、彩度(绿~红)(a)、彩度(蓝~黄)(b)的值,通过如下所述的式,计算白度。
白度=100-[(100-L)2+(a2+b2)]0.5
[物性7]纤维素粉末的吸水率
向塑料制的50mL离心分离用管(NalgeneTM高速圆底PPCO离心管,产品编号:3110-0500)量取纤维素粉末2g(将实际量取的质量作为“Wi”[g]),加入纯水30mL,用药匙搅拌的同时使其分散,以使全部纤维素粉末浸入纯水中。静置30分钟后,进行离心分离(Inverter紧凑型高速冷却离心机,久保田制作所,型号:6930,角转子RA-400,离心力:7500G,时间:10分钟,温度:20℃,加速(Accel):快速(Rapid),减速(Decel):快速(Rapid)),使固体成分沉淀。以不破坏沉淀的纤维素层地将离心分离用管口向下倾斜,除去上清液,在铺有纸巾的台上以离心分离用管口自水平向下倾斜30°的状态静置5分钟,由此除去多余的水,从而测定吸水的纤维素粉末的质量(Wf[g])。
使用所得到的Wi和Wf,可以通过如下所述的式计算吸水率(%)。此外,对于各纤维素粉末,进行2次以上的吸水率的测定,采用平均值。
吸水率(%)=(Wf-Wi)/Wi×100
[物性8]纤维素粉末的一次粒子等效粒径
将纤维素粉末0.5g加入纯水10mL中,进行超声波照射(600W、40kHz)10分钟,然后使用激光衍射式粒度分布仪(LA-950V2(商品名),堀场制作所制造),在湿式测定模式下以折射率1.20(纤维素折射率1.59、水折射率1.33)、前处理条件(超声波照射1分钟、超声波强度1)、循环速度7、搅拌速度5进行测定。将通过测定得到的累积体积50%粒子作为纤维素一次粒子等效粒径的平均粒径(μm)。
[物性9]纤维素粒子的长径相对于短径之比(L/D)
使纤维素粉末分散在玻璃板上,使用显微镜(VHX-1000,基恩士制造)以倍率500倍进行拍摄。将拍摄的图像,使用图像处理分析系统软件(Image Hyper II,DigiMo制造)按照以下步骤进行分析,测定粒子的长径比(长径相对于短径之比;L/D)。对至少50个粒子进行测定,求出平均值。
(1)步骤1:二值化处理
将用显微镜拍摄的图像以单色输入到分析软件中,图像比例的设定用两点间距离法来进行。接着,二值化处理中选择“大津法”,进行阈值的设定。由于每个图像的最佳阈值都不同,因此与原图像相比较的同时,尽可能与原来粒子的形状一致地选择阈值。
(2)步骤2:二值化人工校正
与拍摄的原图像相比较的同时,将粒子彼此重叠的粒子、超出画面的粒子、不清晰且轮廓模糊的粒子等无法得到适当的测定结果的粒子删除掉,从测定对象中排除。
(3)步骤3:孔洞填充
在“孔洞填充”的模式,“周围”选择“8”,进行“孔洞填充”。接着,再次用“二值图像人工校正”与原图像进行比较,确认是否可以正常校正。在不能正常校正时,再次进行人工校正。
(4)步骤4:图像测量
将删除像素数设定为“100”,“周围”选定为“8”后,进行“图像测量”。每个测定粒子的“长径”和“短径”的测量结果显示在电脑上。将“长径”除以“短径”得到的数值作为长径比。
[物性10]纤维素粉末的休止角
测定中使用将水分含量调节为3.5质量%以上且4.5质量%以下的纤维素粉末。使用“物性3”中记载的方法调节至将纤维素粉末的水分含量容纳至该范围。
纤维素粉末的休止角的测定使用杉原式休止角测定器(狭缝尺寸:进深10×宽50×高140mm,在宽50mm的位置上设置量角器)。用定量给料机将纤维素粉末以50cc/分的速度投入到狭缝中,使纤维素粉末堆积在装置底部。堆积的纤维素粉末逐渐形成斜面,直至该斜面形成稳定的角度为止,持续投入纤维素粉末。在投入的纤维素粉末形成稳定的斜面时,读取该斜面与装置底部所成的角度。该角度为维素粉末的休止角。测定实施5次,求出平均值。
<评价方法>
制作仅对纤维素粉末使用压缩机压缩成形的片剂(下面有时简称为“MCC单味片”)和口腔崩解片(下面有时简称为“OD片”),进行各种评价。
[MCC单味片的制造]
片剂化中使用将水分含量调节至约4质量%的纤维素粉末。使用“物性3”中记载的方法将纤维素粉末的水分含量调节至包括在该范围。片剂化使用压片机(1325VCW,AikohEngineering制造)来进行,所述压片机设有直径1.13cm(底面积为1cm2)的平面冲头(菊水制作所制造,使用材质SUK2,3)和凹模(菊水制作所制造,使用材质SUK2,3)。具体地,将粉末500mg加入到凹模中,使用压片机以1kN、3kN进行压缩,以该应力保持10秒钟,由此制作片剂。在到硬度测定为止期间,将制作的片剂放入自封口塑料袋中密封以防止吸湿,于室温下保存。
[OD片的制造]
将如下所示的处方粉末在塑料袋中振荡1分钟以混合,用710μm的筛网过筛,再添加润滑剂(硬脂富马酸钠),使其相对于片剂的总质量成为1质量%,混合30秒。接着,将混合粉末用旋转压片机(菊水制作所制造,CREANPRESS COLLECT 12HUK,12根冲头,转盘54rpm)进行压片,得到Φ8mm-12R、200mg的片。压片压力适当设定为使片剂硬度在60N以上且70N以下。
(处方)
·直接压片用甘露醇(Mannogem EZ,旭化成制造):70质量%
·部分α化淀粉(PCS,PC-10,旭化成制造):10质量%
·交联羧甲基纤维素钠(KICCOLATE ND-200,旭化成制造):5质量%
·纤维素粉末:15质量%
此外,上述的含量是相对于片剂总质量的量。
[评价1]硬度
对于各片剂,从进行压片后立即经过20小时以上且48小时以下之后,用硬度计(DR.SCHLEUNIGER片剂测定仪8M)测定其硬度。将各打压5片的平均值作为片剂的硬度。
[评价2]崩解性
按照第17次修订的《日本药典》的一般试验法“崩解试验法”(试验液:水、带盘的条件)研究各片剂的崩解性。使用崩解试验器(NT-40HS型(商品名),富山产业制造),求出在37℃、纯水中的崩解时间。将试样6片的平均值作为片剂的崩解时间。
[评价3]口感
将健康成年男性3人作为评价小组成员,将口腔内的各OD片的服用感用感官进行评价。感到粉末感时,判定为“有吞咽困难感”;未感到粉末感时,判定为“无吞咽困难感”;在片剂崩解时口腔内残留有时,判定为“有片芯残留”;在片剂崩解时口腔内残留片芯时,判定为“无片芯残留”。每个人测定2次,例如,关于吞咽困难感,评价小组成员在第1次没有任何感觉,而在第2次感到吞咽困难感时,其评价小组成员的评价为“有吞咽困难感”,同样地,即使只感到1次片芯残留时,也判定为“有片芯残留”。
[评价4]堆积性
制作如下所示处方的片剂,进行利用溶出试验的堆积性的评价。处方:直接压片用甘露醇(Mannogem EZ)/纤维素粉末=85质量%/15质量%;压片:压片机(1325VCW、AikohEngineering制造),每片Φ8mm-12R、200mg。
调节打压至片剂硬度成为45N以上且55N以下。
溶出试验的方法是,根据《日本药典》中的溶出试验法,在水900mL、37℃、桨叶转速50rpm的条件下投入1片。从片剂投入起20分钟后,观察溶出试验容器内的情况,对于容器底部的堆积的形成,按照如下所示的评价标准进行评价。
(评价标准)◎:产生直径小于3mm的堆积,或者未产生堆积;〇:产生直径3mm以上且小于7mm的堆积;×:产生直径7mm以上的堆积。
[评价4]溶出率(1)伊曲康唑片的溶出试验
按照《日本药典》中的溶出试验法的桨叶法,进行伊曲康唑片的溶出试验。
桨叶转速使用50rpm,试验液使用《日本药典》溶出试验1液(pH1.2),测定溶出时间60分钟(要求水平:溶出率50%以上)、120分钟(要求水平:溶出率75%以上)的溶出率。药物的溶出率按照下述测定条件,利用HPLC进行测定。
(测定条件)
检测器:紫外分光光度计(测定波长:225nm);
色谱柱:内径4.6mm、长10cm的液相色谱法用十八烷基甲硅烷基化硅胶柱;
柱温:30℃;
流动相A:四丁基硫酸氢铵盐溶液(浓度:0.08摩尔%,将四丁基硫酸氢铵盐17g溶于水中,制备625g的水溶液);
流动相B:乙腈;
流动相的进液:通过如下改变流动相A和流动相B的混合比例来控制浓度梯度。刚注入后0-20分钟(A/B:80/20→50/50)、20-25分钟(A/B:50/50);流量:每分钟1.5mL。
(2)乙酰唑胺片的溶出试验
按照《日本药典》中的溶出试验法的桨叶法,进行乙酰唑胺片的溶出试验。
桨叶转速使用50rpm,试验液使用《日本药典》溶出试验1液(pH1.2),测定溶出时间90分钟(要求水平:溶出率75%以上)的溶出率。药物的溶出率通过试验液的吸光度测定(265nm,《日本药典》溶出试验1液)进行测定。
<纤维素粉末的制造>
[实施例1-1]纤维素粉末A的制造
(1)湿絮凝物X的制造
将切碎的市售的亚硫酸盐纸浆(sulfite pulp)2kg与盐酸水溶液30L放入低速型搅拌机(池袋珐琅工业株式会社制造,30LGL反应器(商品名))中,搅拌的同时进行水解(反应条件:盐酸浓度0.05%、反应温度80℃、反应时间6小时、搅拌速度5rpm),得到酸不溶性残渣。将得到的酸不溶性残渣用纯水充分洗涤至滤液的电导率小于100μS/cm,然后进行过滤,得到湿絮凝物X。
(2)湿絮凝物Y的制造
另外,再将切碎的市售的亚硫酸盐纸浆(sulfite pulp)2kg与盐酸水溶液30L放入低速型搅拌机(池袋珐琅工业株式会社制,30LGL反应器(商品名))中,搅拌的同时进行水解(反应条件:盐酸浓度1.0%、反应温度130℃、反应时间2小时、搅拌速度220rpm),得到酸不溶性残渣。将得到的酸不溶性残渣用纯水充分洗涤至滤液的电导率小于100μS/cm,然后进行过滤,得到湿絮凝物Y。
(3)纤维素粉末A的制造
将湿絮凝物X与湿絮凝物Y以60:40(固体成分质量比)进行混合,引入到90L聚乙烯桶中,加入纯水使总固体成分浓度成为25质量%,用Three-One电机进行搅拌,同时用氨水中和(中和后pH7.5以上且8.0以下),并对其进行喷雾干燥(条件:分散液供给速度6kg/小时,入口温度180℃以上且220℃以下,出口温度50℃以上70℃以下),得到纤维素粉末A。
[实施例1-2]纤维素粉末B的制造
将在实施例1-1中得到的纤维素粉末A在喷磨机(粉碎压0.4MPa)中粉碎,得到纤维素粉末B。
[实施例1-3]纤维素粉末C的制造
将湿絮凝物X与湿絮凝物Y以50:50(固体成分质量比)进行混合,除此以外,使用与实施例1-1相同的方法,得到纤维素粉末C。
[实施例1-4]纤维素粉末D的制造
将在实施例1-3中得到的纤维素粉末C在喷磨机(粉碎压0.4MPa)中粉碎,得到纤维素粉末D。
[实施例1-5]纤维素粉末E的制造
将湿絮凝物X与湿絮凝物Y以40:60(固体成分质量比)进行混合,除此以外,使用与实施例1-1相同的方法,得到纤维素粉末E。
[实施例1-6]纤维素粉末F的制造
将在实施例1-5中得到的纤维素粉末E在喷磨机(粉碎压0.4MPa)中粉碎,得到纤维素粉末F。
[实施例1-7]纤维素粉末G的制造
将切碎的市售的亚硫酸盐纸浆(sulfite pulp)2kg与盐酸水溶液30L放入低速型搅拌机(池袋珐琅工业株式会社制,30LGL反应器(商品名))中,搅拌的同时进行水解(反应条件:盐酸浓度0.5%、反应温度130℃、反应时间2小时、搅拌速度350rpm),得到酸不溶性残渣。将得到的酸不溶性残渣用纯水充分洗涤至滤液的电导率小于100μS/cm,然后进行过滤,得到湿絮凝物。将得到的湿絮凝物引入到90L聚乙烯桶中,加入纯水至总固体成分浓度成为25质量%,用Three-One电机进行搅拌,同时用氨水中和(中和后pH7.5以上且8.0以下),并对其进行喷雾干燥(条件:分散液供给速度6kg/小时,入口温度180℃以上且220℃以下,出口温度50℃以上70℃以下),得到纤维素粉末G。
[比较例1-1]纤维素粉末H的制造
将湿絮凝物X与湿絮凝物Y以100:0(固体成分质量比)进行混合,除此以外,使用与实施例1-1相同的方法,得到纤维素粉末H。
[比较例1-2]纤维素粉末I的制造
将湿絮凝物X与湿絮凝物Y以0:100(固体成分质量比)进行混合,除此以外,使用与实施例1-1相同的方法,得到纤维素粉末I。
[比较例1-3]纤维素粉末J的制造
将切碎的市售的亚硫酸盐纸浆(sulfite pulp)2kg与盐酸水溶液30L放入低速型搅拌机(池袋珐琅工业株式会社制,30LGL反应器(商品名))中,搅拌的同时进行水解(反应条件:盐酸浓度0.2%、反应温度110℃、反应时间2小时、搅拌速度80rpm),得到酸不溶性残渣。将得到的酸不溶性残渣用纯水充分洗涤至滤液的电导率小于100μS/cm,然后进行过滤,得到湿絮凝物。将得到的湿絮凝物引入到90L聚乙烯桶中,加入纯水使总固体成分浓度为25质量%,用Three-One电机进行搅拌,同时用氨水中和(中和后pH7.5以上且8.0以下),并对其进行喷雾干燥(条件:分散液供给速度6kg/小时,入口温度180℃以上且220℃以下,出口温度50℃以上70℃以下),得到纤维素粉末J。
将纤维素粉末A~J的制造条件示于下表1。此外,对得到的纤维素粉末A~J的物性和评价使用上述中记载的方法来进行。将结果示于表2和表3。
[表1]
[表2]
[表1-3]
由表1-3可知,在使用了碱溶性物质的含量为32质量%以上且44质量%以下的纤维素粉末A~G的片剂中,堆积的产生得到抑制。此外,在使用了碱溶性物质的含量为33质量%以上且41质量%以下的纤维素粉末B~E的片剂中,堆积的产生尤其得到抑制。
另外,在纤维素粉末A~F中,可见到平均粒径越小,制成片剂时崩解时间越变短的倾向。
另一方面,在使用了碱溶性物质的含量小于32质量%或大于44质量%的纤维素粉末H~J的片剂中,产生了堆积。
[实施例2-1~2-7和比较例2-1~2-3]
(处方)
[实施例2-8和比较例2-4]
(处方)
[实施例2-9和比较例2-5]
(处方)
[表2-3]
由表2-3可知,在混合了碱溶性物质的含量相对于纤维素的总质量为32质量%以上且44质量%以下的纤维素的片剂(实施例2-1~2-7)中,与混合了碱溶性物质的含量在上述范围外的纤维素的片剂(比较例2-1~2-3)相比,在保持良好的硬度,抑制堆积产生的同时,崩解时间很短,60分钟和120分钟的溶出率也达到了要求水平,因此优异。
另外,在混合了碱溶性物质的含量相对于纤维素的总质量为35质量%以上且41质量%以下的纤维素的片剂(实施例2-3~2-5)中,崩解时间短至6分钟以内,60分钟的溶出率为90%以上,120分钟的溶出率为95%以上,因此特别优异。
此外,在将增溶剂的含量增加至20质量%的片剂(实施例2-8和比较例2-4)中,在混合了碱溶性物质的含量相对于纤维素的总质量为32质量%的纤维素A的片剂(实施例2-8)中,与混合了碱溶性物质的含量在上述范围外的纤维素I的片剂(比较例2-4)相比,在保持良好的硬度,抑制堆积产生的同时,崩解时间很短,60分钟和120分钟的溶出率也达到了要求水平,因此优异。
另外,在将增溶剂的含量降低至5质量%的片剂(实施例2-9和比较例2-5)中,在混合了碱溶性物质的含量相对于纤维素的总质量为41质量%的纤维素E的片剂(实施例2-9)中,与混合了碱溶性物质的含量在上述范围外的纤维素I的片剂(比较例2-5)相比,在保持良好的硬度,抑制堆积产生的同时,崩解时间很短,60分钟和120分钟的溶出率也达到了要求水平,因此优异。
[实施例2-10~2-16和比较例2-6~2-8]
(处方)
[表2-4]
由表2-4可知,在混合了碱溶性物质的含量相对于纤维素的总质量为32质量%以上且44质量%以下的纤维素的片剂(实施例2-10~2-16)中,与混合了碱溶性物质的含量在上述范围外的纤维素的片剂(比较例2-6~2-8)相比,在保持良好的硬度的同时,崩解时间很短,90分钟的溶出率也达到了要求水平,因此优异。
另外,在混合了碱溶性物质的含量相对于纤维素的总质量为35质量%以上且41质量%以下的纤维素的片剂(实施例2-12~2-14和16)中,崩解时间短至8分钟以内,90分钟的溶出率为80%以上,因此特别优异。
产业上的可利用性
根据本实施方式的纤维素粉末,可以在保持良好的成形性和崩解性的同时,在生物体外的活性成分的溶出试验时能够抑制堆积发生。本实施方式的纤维素粉末适用于口腔内崩解片(OD片)。此外,本实施方式的片剂含有水难溶性的药效成分,成形性、崩解性及溶出性良好。
Claims (14)
1.一种纤维素粉末,其中,相对于纤维素粉末的总质量,含有32质量%以上且44质量%以下的能够溶解于17.5质量%氢氧化钠水溶液的碱溶性物质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维素粉末,其中,相对于纤维素粉末的总质量,含有33质量%以上且42质量%以下的所述碱溶性物质。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纤维素粉末,其纤维素一次粒子等效粒径的平均粒径为10μm以上且50μm以下。
4.根据权利要求1或2中所述的纤维素粉末,其吸水率为160%以上且360%以下。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的纤维素粉末,其纤维素粒子的长径与短径之比L/D为1.8以上且3.5以下。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的纤维素粉末,其平均粒径为10μm以上且200μm以下。
7.一种抑制堆积产生的方法,其在用于活性成分溶出试验的制剂中使用权利要求1~4中任一项所述的纤维素粉末。
8.一种片剂,其含有:至少一种活性成分和权利要求1~7中任一项所述的纤维素。
9.根据权利要求8所述的片剂,其中,所述活性成分是水难溶性的药效成分。
10.根据权利要求9所述的片剂,其中,所述药效成分是在FDA所采用的生物药剂学分类系统的规定中被分类为II类或IV类的成分。
11.根据权利要求8~10中任一项所述的片剂,其中,相对于片剂的总质量,还含有0.1质量%以上且30质量%以下的增溶剂。
12.根据权利要求8~11中任一项所述的片剂,其中,片剂的硬度在50N以上。
13.根据权利要求8~12中任一项所述的片剂,其中,相对于片剂的总质量,所述纤维素的含量为1质量%以上且99质量%以下。
14.根据权利要求8~13中任一项所述的片剂,其中,相对于片剂的总质量,所述药效成分的含量为0.01质量%以上且50质量%以下。
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