CN112524885A - Helium refrigeration and liquefaction system and method - Google Patents
Helium refrigeration and liquefaction system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112524885A CN112524885A CN202011470718.9A CN202011470718A CN112524885A CN 112524885 A CN112524885 A CN 112524885A CN 202011470718 A CN202011470718 A CN 202011470718A CN 112524885 A CN112524885 A CN 112524885A
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 14
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/0007—Helium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
- F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0065—Helium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
- F25J1/0224—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
- F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/30—Quasi-closed internal or closed external helium refrigeration cycle
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system comprises a helium compressor, a throttle valve and a liquid helium storage tank, wherein a gas phase outlet of the liquid helium storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the helium compressor so that helium throttled and cooled by the throttle valve flows back to the helium compressor, and the helium refrigeration and liquefaction system further comprises a primary expander and a secondary expander. The helium refrigeration and liquefaction method of the invention comprises the following steps: compressing helium, pressurizing the helium, sequentially cooling the helium by a primary heat exchanger and a secondary heat exchanger, dividing the helium into two strands, and introducing one strand of helium into a primary expansion machine for expansion, cooling and depressurization; reducing the temperature of the other strand of helium gas into gas-liquid two-phase helium gas through a throttle valve; the helium in gas-liquid two phases enters a liquid helium storage tank, one part of the liquid helium in the liquid helium storage tank is conveyed out, and the other part of the liquid helium enters a cryogenic pump system to provide cold energy for a cryogenic pump. The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages of low energy consumption, stable performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of chemical engineering, and mainly relates to a helium refrigerating and liquefying system and method.
Technical Field
In the chemical field, a cryopump is generally used to produce vacuum of an ultrahigh vacuum system, and the ultrahigh vacuum is maintained by using the huge pumping capacity of a cryocooler at a low temperature, while the cryocooler needs to work in a liquid helium temperature region, which needs a large amount of high-quality liquid helium, and a common helium refrigeration and liquefaction system has a complex structure, high energy consumption and low efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a helium refrigeration and liquefaction system and method with low energy consumption and stable performance.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system comprises a helium compressor and a throttle valve, wherein an outlet of the helium compressor is communicated with an inlet of the throttle valve through a first pipeline, an outlet of the throttle valve is communicated with a liquid helium storage tank through a pipeline, a gas-phase outlet of the liquid helium storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the helium compressor through a second pipeline so that helium throttled and cooled by the throttle valve flows back to the helium compressor, the first pipeline passes through a first-stage heat exchanger, a second-stage heat exchanger, a third-stage heat exchanger, a fourth-stage heat exchanger, a fifth-stage heat exchanger and a sixth-stage heat exchanger, the second pipeline passes through the sixth-stage heat exchanger, the fifth-stage heat exchanger, the fourth-stage heat exchanger, the third-stage heat exchanger, the second-stage heat exchanger and the first-stage heat exchanger, a liquid-phase outlet of the liquid helium, the third pipeline passes through a six-stage heat exchanger, the helium refrigerating and liquefying system further comprises a first-stage expander and a second-stage expander, an air inlet pipe of the first-stage expander is connected to the first pipeline, an air outlet pipe of the first-stage expander is connected with an air inlet of the second-stage expander, and an air outlet pipe of the second-stage expander is connected to a third pipeline between the liquid helium storage tank and the six-stage heat exchanger.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system comprises a first pipeline, a second pipeline, a third pipeline and a third pipeline, wherein the first pipeline is connected between the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system of the invention is characterized in that the gas outlet pipe of the primary expander passes through the four-stage heat exchanger.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system further comprises a first cryogenic pump system, wherein the first cryogenic pump system is installed on a third pipeline between the liquid helium storage tank and the six-stage heat exchanger.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system further comprises a precooling pipeline, wherein the precooling pipeline passes through the primary heat exchanger, so that liquid nitrogen in the precooling pipeline is precooled by the primary heat exchanger.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system further comprises a fourth pipeline, wherein one end of the fourth pipeline is connected to the gas outlet pipe of the second-stage expander, and the other end of the fourth pipeline is connected to a second pipeline between the sixth-stage heat exchanger and the fifth-stage heat exchanger.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system comprises a helium compressor and a throttle valve, wherein an outlet of the helium compressor is communicated with an inlet of the throttle valve through a first pipeline, an outlet of the throttle valve is communicated with a liquid helium storage tank through a pipeline, a gas-phase outlet of the liquid helium storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the helium compressor through a second pipeline so that helium throttled and cooled by the throttle valve flows back to the helium compressor, the first pipeline passes through a first-stage heat exchanger, a second-stage heat exchanger, a third-stage heat exchanger, a fourth-stage heat exchanger and a fifth-stage heat exchanger, the second pipeline passes through the fifth-stage heat exchanger, the fourth-stage heat exchanger, the third-stage heat exchanger and the first-stage heat exchanger, a liquid-phase outlet of the liquid helium storage tank is connected with the second pipeline between the fifth-stage heat exchanger and the fourth-stage, the helium refrigeration and liquefaction system further comprises a first-stage expander and a second-stage expander, wherein an air inlet pipe of the first-stage expander is connected to the first pipeline, an air outlet pipe of the first-stage expander is connected to an air inlet of the second-stage expander, an air outlet pipe of the second-stage expander is connected to a third pipeline between the liquid helium storage tank and the fifth-stage heat exchanger, an air inlet pipe of the first-stage expander is connected to the first pipeline between the first-stage heat exchanger and the second-stage heat exchanger, the helium refrigeration and liquefaction system further comprises a first low-temperature pump system, and the first low-temperature pump system is installed on the third pipeline between the liquid helium storage tank and the fifth-stage heat exchanger.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system further comprises a second cryogenic pump system, wherein the second cryogenic pump system is installed on the gas outlet pipe of the primary expansion machine.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system of the invention is characterized in that the gas outlet pipe of the primary expander passes through the three-stage heat exchanger.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction method comprises the following steps:
pre-cooling the primary heat exchanger;
compressing helium, cooling the pressurized helium sequentially through a first-stage heat exchanger and a second-stage heat exchanger, dividing the pressurized helium into two streams, introducing one stream of helium into a first-stage expansion machine for expansion, cooling and depressurization, then introducing the helium into a fourth-stage heat exchanger for cooling, introducing the helium into a second-stage expansion machine for expansion, cooling and depressurization, and returning the helium to a fifth-stage heat exchanger; the other helium gas enters a third-stage heat exchanger, a fourth-stage heat exchanger, a fifth-stage heat exchanger and a sixth-stage heat exchanger in sequence, is cooled and is decompressed into gas-liquid two-phase helium through a throttle valve;
helium in gas-liquid two phases enters a liquid helium storage tank, the helium in the liquid helium storage tank returns to the five-stage heat exchanger after entering a six-stage heat exchanger for rewarming, part of the liquid helium in the liquid helium storage tank is conveyed out, the other part of the liquid helium enters a cryogenic pump system to provide cold energy for a cryogenic pump, then returns to the six-stage heat exchanger, and finally converged helium returns to the inlet of the compressor after rewarming through the five-stage heat exchanger, the four-stage heat exchanger, the three-stage heat exchanger, the two-stage heat exchanger and the one-stage heat.
The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages of low energy consumption, stable performance and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a helium refrigeration and liquefaction system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the helium refrigeration and liquefaction system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example one
As shown in FIG. 1, the helium refrigeration and liquefaction system of the invention comprises a helium compressor C1 and a throttle valve V3, wherein an outlet of the helium compressor is communicated with an inlet of the throttle valve through a first pipeline 1, an outlet of the throttle valve is communicated with a liquid helium storage tank V1 through a pipeline, a gas phase outlet of the liquid helium storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the helium compressor through a second pipeline 2, so that helium throttled and cooled by the throttle valve flows back to the helium compressor, the first pipeline passes through a first-stage heat exchanger E1, a second-stage heat exchanger E2, a third-stage heat exchanger E3, a fourth-stage heat exchanger E4, a fifth-stage heat exchanger E5 and a sixth-stage heat exchanger E6, the second pipeline passes through the sixth-stage heat exchanger, the fifth-stage heat exchanger, the fourth-stage heat exchanger, the third-stage heat exchanger, the second-stage heat exchanger and the first-stage heat exchanger, a, the third pipeline passes through a six-stage heat exchanger, the helium refrigerating and liquefying system further comprises a first-stage expansion machine T1 and a second-stage expansion machine T2, an air inlet pipe of the first-stage expansion machine is connected to the first pipeline, an air outlet pipe of the first-stage expansion machine is connected with an air inlet of the second-stage expansion machine, and an air outlet pipe of the second-stage expansion machine is connected to the third pipeline between the liquid helium storage tank and the six-stage heat exchanger.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system comprises a first pipeline, a second pipeline, a third pipeline and a third pipeline, wherein the first pipeline is connected between the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger.
The helium refrigerating and liquefying system of the invention is characterized in that the gas outlet pipe of the first-stage expander passes through the four-stage heat exchanger.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system further comprises a first cryogenic pump system F2, wherein the first cryogenic pump system is arranged on a third pipeline between the liquid helium storage tank and the six-stage heat exchanger.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system also comprises a precooling pipeline, wherein the precooling pipeline passes through the primary heat exchanger, so that liquid nitrogen in the precooling pipeline is precooled by the primary heat exchanger.
The helium refrigerating and liquefying system further comprises a fourth pipeline L1, wherein one end of the fourth pipeline is connected to the gas outlet pipe of the two-stage expander, and the other end of the fourth pipeline is connected to a second pipeline between the six-stage heat exchanger and the five-stage heat exchanger.
Liquid nitrogen is adopted for precooling, and when liquid helium is produced, the implementation process is as follows:
the low-pressure helium enters a helium compressor C1 for pressurization, is sequentially cooled by a first-stage heat exchanger E1 and a second-stage heat exchanger E2 and then is divided into two streams, one stream of helium enters a first-stage expander T1 for expansion, temperature and pressure reduction, then enters a fourth-stage heat exchanger E4 for temperature reduction, enters a second-stage expander T2 for expansion, temperature and pressure reduction, and returns to a fifth-stage heat exchanger E5 through a fourth pipeline L1. And the other helium enters a third-stage heat exchanger E3, a fourth-stage heat exchanger E4, a fifth-stage heat exchanger E5 and a sixth-stage heat exchanger E6 in sequence to be cooled, is decompressed through a throttle valve V3, the helium in a gas-liquid two-phase state enters a liquid helium storage tank V1, the helium in the liquid helium storage tank returns to the fifth-stage heat exchanger after entering the sixth-stage heat exchanger for rewarming, one part of the liquid helium in the liquid helium storage tank is conveyed out, the other part of the liquid helium enters a first cryogenic pump system F2 to provide cold for a cryogenic pump, then returns to the sixth-stage heat exchanger E6, the finally converged helium returns to the compressor inlet after sequentially passing through the fifth-stage heat exchanger, the fourth-stage heat exchanger.
The primary heat exchanger E1 is precooled by liquid nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen N1 enters the heat exchanger, and after heat exchange and rewarming, the gas nitrogen N2 is discharged from the heat exchanger.
Liquid nitrogen is adopted for precooling, and when liquid helium is not produced, the implementation process is as follows:
the low-pressure helium enters a helium compressor C1 for pressurization, sequentially passes through a first-stage heat exchanger E1 and a second-stage heat exchanger E2 for cooling, then completely enters a first-stage expander T1 for expansion, temperature and pressure reduction, then enters a fourth-stage heat exchanger E4 for cooling, then enters a second-stage expander T2 for expansion, temperature and pressure reduction, enters a first low-temperature pump system F2 through a pipeline L2, returns to a sixth-stage heat exchanger E6 after providing cold for the helium, then sequentially passes through a fifth-stage heat exchanger, a fourth-stage heat exchanger, a third-stage heat exchanger, a second-stage heat exchanger and a first-stage heat exchanger for rew.
The primary heat exchanger E1 is precooled by liquid nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen N1 enters the heat exchanger, and after heat exchange and rewarming, the gas nitrogen N2 is discharged from the heat exchanger.
Example two
Referring to fig. 2, the helium refrigeration and liquefaction system of the present invention includes a helium compressor C1 and a throttle valve V3, an outlet of the helium compressor is communicated with an inlet of the throttle valve through a first pipeline 1, an outlet of the throttle valve is communicated with a liquid helium storage tank V1 through a pipeline, a gas phase outlet of the liquid helium storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the helium compressor through a second pipeline, so that the helium throttled and cooled by the throttle valve flows back to the helium compressor, the first pipeline 1 passes through a first-stage heat exchanger E1, a second-stage heat exchanger E2, a third-stage heat exchanger E3, a fourth-stage heat exchanger E4 and a fifth-stage heat exchanger E5, the second pipeline 2 passes through a fifth-stage heat exchanger, a fourth-stage heat exchanger, a third-stage heat exchanger, a second-stage heat exchanger and a first-stage heat exchanger, a liquid phase outlet of the liquid helium, the third pipeline passes through a fifth-stage heat exchanger, the helium refrigeration and liquefaction system further comprises a first-stage expansion machine T1 and a second-stage expansion machine T2, an air inlet pipe of the first-stage expansion machine is connected to the first pipeline, an air outlet pipe of the first-stage expansion machine is connected with an air inlet of the second-stage expansion machine, an air outlet pipe of the second-stage expansion machine is connected to a third pipeline between the liquid helium storage tank and the fifth-stage heat exchanger, an air inlet pipe of the first-stage expansion machine is connected to the first pipeline between the first-stage heat exchanger and the second-stage heat exchanger, the helium refrigeration and liquefaction system further comprises a first low-temperature pump system F2, and the first low-temperature pump system is installed on the third pipeline.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system of the invention is characterized in that the air inlet pipe of the primary expander is connected with the first pipeline between the primary heat exchanger and the secondary heat exchanger.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system further comprises a second cryogenic pump system F1, wherein the second cryogenic pump system is arranged on the gas outlet pipe of the primary expansion machine.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction system of the invention is characterized in that the gas outlet pipe of the primary expander passes through the three-stage heat exchanger.
Liquid nitrogen precooling is not adopted, and when liquid helium is produced, the implementation process is as follows:
the low-pressure helium enters a helium compressor C1 for pressurization, is cooled by a first-stage heat exchanger E1, is divided into two streams, one stream of helium enters a first-stage expander T1 for expansion, temperature and pressure reduction, provides cold energy for a low-temperature pump in an 80K temperature region, enters a third-stage heat exchanger E3 for cooling, enters a second-stage expander T2 for expansion, temperature and pressure reduction, and returns to a fourth-stage heat exchanger E4 through a fourth pipeline L1. And the other helium enters a second-stage heat exchanger E2, a third-stage heat exchanger E3, a fourth-stage heat exchanger E4 and a fifth-stage heat exchanger E5 in sequence to be cooled, is decompressed through a throttle valve V3, helium in a gas-liquid two-phase state enters a liquid helium storage tank V1, the helium in the liquid helium storage tank returns to the fourth-stage heat exchanger after entering the fifth-stage heat exchanger for rewarming, one part of the liquid helium in the liquid helium storage tank is conveyed out, the other part of the liquid helium enters a first cryogenic pump system F2 to provide cold for a cryogenic pump, then returns to the fifth-stage heat exchanger E5, and finally, the converged helium returns to the helium compressor inlet after sequentially passing through the fourth-stage heat exchanger.
Example 4, without liquid nitrogen pre-cooling and liquid helium production, the implementation process was as follows:
the low-pressure helium enters a helium compressor C1 for pressurization, is cooled by a first-stage heat exchanger E1, then enters a first-stage expansion machine T1 for expansion, temperature and pressure reduction, provides cold for a low-temperature pump in an 80K temperature region, enters a third-stage heat exchanger E3 for cooling, enters a second-stage expansion machine T2 for expansion, temperature and pressure reduction, enters a first low-temperature pump system F2 for providing cold for the low-temperature pump by a pipeline L2, returns to a fifth-stage heat exchanger, a fourth-stage heat exchanger, a third-stage heat exchanger, a second-stage heat exchanger and a first-stage heat exchanger for rewarming.
The helium refrigeration and liquefaction method comprises the following steps:
pre-cooling the primary heat exchanger;
compressing helium, cooling the pressurized helium sequentially through a first-stage heat exchanger and a second-stage heat exchanger, dividing the pressurized helium into two streams, introducing one stream of helium into a first-stage expansion machine for expansion, cooling and depressurization, then introducing the helium into a fourth-stage heat exchanger for cooling, introducing the helium into a second-stage expansion machine for expansion, cooling and depressurization, and returning the helium to a fifth-stage heat exchanger; the other helium gas enters a third-stage heat exchanger, a fourth-stage heat exchanger, a fifth-stage heat exchanger and a sixth-stage heat exchanger in sequence, is cooled and is decompressed into gas-liquid two-phase helium through a throttle valve;
helium in a gas-liquid two-phase state enters a liquid helium storage tank, the helium in the liquid helium storage tank returns to a five-stage heat exchanger after entering a six-stage heat exchanger for rewarming, part of the liquid helium in the liquid helium storage tank is conveyed out, the other part of the liquid helium enters a cryogenic pump system to provide cold energy for a cryogenic pump, then returns to a six-stage heat exchanger E6, and finally, the converged helium returns to the inlet of a compressor after rewarming through the five-stage heat exchanger, the four-stage heat exchanger, the three-stage heat exchanger, the two-stage heat exchanger and.
The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages of low energy consumption, stable performance and the like.
The heat exchanger can be a plate-fin heat exchanger or a wound tube heat exchanger. The helium compressor may be a screw, piston compressor. The turbine expander may be a piston expander or a screw expander.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A helium refrigerating and liquefying system is characterized by comprising a helium compressor and a throttle valve, wherein an outlet of the helium compressor is communicated with an inlet of the throttle valve through a first pipeline, an outlet of the throttle valve is communicated with a liquid helium storage tank through a pipeline, a gas-phase outlet of the liquid helium storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the helium compressor through a second pipeline so that helium throttled and cooled by the throttle valve flows back to the helium compressor, the first pipeline passes through a first-stage heat exchanger, a second-stage heat exchanger, a third-stage heat exchanger, a fourth-stage heat exchanger, a fifth-stage heat exchanger and a sixth-stage heat exchanger, the second pipeline passes through the sixth-stage heat exchanger, the fifth-stage heat exchanger, the fourth-stage heat exchanger, the third-stage heat exchanger, the second-stage heat exchanger and the first-stage heat exchanger, a liquid-phase outlet of the liquid helium, the third pipeline passes through a six-stage heat exchanger, the helium refrigerating and liquefying system further comprises a first-stage expander and a second-stage expander, an air inlet pipe of the first-stage expander is connected to the first pipeline, an air outlet pipe of the first-stage expander is connected with an air inlet of the second-stage expander, and an air outlet pipe of the second-stage expander is connected to a third pipeline between the liquid helium storage tank and the six-stage heat exchanger.
2. The system for extracting helium from natural gas and liquefying as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas inlet pipe of the primary expander is connected to the first pipeline between the secondary heat exchanger and the tertiary heat exchanger.
3. The system for extracting helium from natural gas and liquefying as claimed in claim 2, wherein the outlet pipe of said primary expander passes through a four-stage heat exchanger.
4. The system for extracting helium from natural gas and liquefying according to claim 3, further comprising a first cryogenic pump system installed on a third pipeline between the liquid helium tank and the six-stage heat exchanger.
5. The system for extracting helium from natural gas and liquefying according to claim 4, further comprising a pre-cooling line passing through the primary heat exchanger such that liquid nitrogen in the pre-cooling line pre-cools the primary heat exchanger.
6. The system for extracting helium from natural gas and liquefying according to claim 5, further comprising a fourth pipeline, one end of the fourth pipeline is connected to the gas outlet pipe of the two-stage expander, and the other end of the fourth pipeline is connected to the second pipeline between the six-stage heat exchanger and the five-stage heat exchanger.
7. A helium refrigerating and liquefying system is characterized by comprising a helium compressor and a throttle valve, wherein an outlet of the helium compressor is communicated with an inlet of the throttle valve through a first pipeline, an outlet of the throttle valve is communicated with a liquid helium storage tank through a pipeline, a gas-phase outlet of the liquid helium storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the helium compressor through a second pipeline so that helium throttled and cooled by the throttle valve flows back to the helium compressor, the first pipeline passes through a first-stage heat exchanger, a second-stage heat exchanger, a third-stage heat exchanger, a fourth-stage heat exchanger and a fifth-stage heat exchanger, the second pipeline passes through a fifth-stage heat exchanger, a fourth-stage heat exchanger, a third-stage heat exchanger, a second-stage heat exchanger and a first-stage heat exchanger, a liquid-phase outlet of the liquid helium storage tank is connected with the second pipeline between the fifth-stage, the helium refrigeration and liquefaction system further comprises a first-stage expander and a second-stage expander, wherein an air inlet pipe of the first-stage expander is connected to the first pipeline, an air outlet pipe of the first-stage expander is connected to an air inlet of the second-stage expander, an air outlet pipe of the second-stage expander is connected to a third pipeline between the liquid helium storage tank and the fifth-stage heat exchanger, an air inlet pipe of the first-stage expander is connected to the first pipeline between the first-stage heat exchanger and the second-stage heat exchanger, the helium refrigeration and liquefaction system further comprises a first low-temperature pump system, and the first low-temperature pump system is installed on the third pipeline between the liquid helium storage tank and the fifth-stage heat exchanger.
8. The system for extracting helium from natural gas and liquefying as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a second cryopump system mounted on an outlet pipe of the primary expander.
9. The system for extracting helium from natural gas and liquefying as claimed in claim 8, wherein the outlet pipe of said primary expander passes through a three-stage heat exchanger.
10. A helium refrigeration and liquefaction process, comprising:
pre-cooling the primary heat exchanger;
compressing helium, cooling the pressurized helium sequentially through a first-stage heat exchanger and a second-stage heat exchanger, dividing the pressurized helium into two streams, introducing one stream of helium into a first-stage expansion machine for expansion, cooling and depressurization, then introducing the helium into a fourth-stage heat exchanger for cooling, introducing the helium into a second-stage expansion machine for expansion, cooling and depressurization, and returning the helium to a fifth-stage heat exchanger; the other helium gas enters a third-stage heat exchanger, a fourth-stage heat exchanger, a fifth-stage heat exchanger and a sixth-stage heat exchanger in sequence, is cooled and is decompressed into gas-liquid two-phase helium through a throttle valve;
helium in gas-liquid two phases enters a liquid helium storage tank, the helium in the liquid helium storage tank returns to the five-stage heat exchanger after entering a six-stage heat exchanger for rewarming, part of the liquid helium in the liquid helium storage tank is conveyed out, the other part of the liquid helium enters a cryogenic pump system to provide cold energy for a cryogenic pump, then returns to the six-stage heat exchanger, and finally converged helium returns to the inlet of the compressor after rewarming through the five-stage heat exchanger, the four-stage heat exchanger, the three-stage heat exchanger, the two-stage heat exchanger and the one-stage heat.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113686059A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-23 | 安徽万瑞冷电科技有限公司 | JT/GM refrigerator precooled by planar seal valve and heat regenerator and refrigeration method |
| CN114877555A (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-08-09 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A superfluid helium refrigerator with impeller mechanical inlet temperature mixing pipeline |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113686059A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-23 | 安徽万瑞冷电科技有限公司 | JT/GM refrigerator precooled by planar seal valve and heat regenerator and refrigeration method |
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