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CN112146071A - Operation control method of direct-current waste heat boiler and matched boiler system - Google Patents

Operation control method of direct-current waste heat boiler and matched boiler system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112146071A
CN112146071A CN202010962677.9A CN202010962677A CN112146071A CN 112146071 A CN112146071 A CN 112146071A CN 202010962677 A CN202010962677 A CN 202010962677A CN 112146071 A CN112146071 A CN 112146071A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
waste heat
heat boiler
heating surface
direct
boiler
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202010962677.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
阳开应
焦龙洋
金思佳
金响亮
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Shanghai Boiler Works Co Ltd
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Shanghai Boiler Works Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Shanghai Boiler Works Co Ltd filed Critical Shanghai Boiler Works Co Ltd
Priority to CN202010962677.9A priority Critical patent/CN112146071A/en
Publication of CN112146071A publication Critical patent/CN112146071A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
    • F22B37/50—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers for draining or expelling water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G7/00—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Abstract

The purpose of the invention is: further simplifying the configuration of the once-through boiler system and controlling the workload, and improving the starting speed. In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for controlling the operation of a direct-current waste heat boiler. The invention also provides a direct-current waste heat boiler system matched with the operation control method. The invention provides an easy-to-operate operation control method suitable for a direct-current waste heat boiler, and solves the problem of delay of steam production time. And the invention further improves the boiler system according to the operation control method, so that the boiler system is simpler and is matched with the operation control method.

Description

Operation control method of direct-current waste heat boiler and matched boiler system
Technical Field
The invention relates to an operation control method of a once-through waste heat boiler and a boiler system matched with the operation control method.
Background
Conventional once-through boilers are designed with start-up separators, when the boiler is started up, a fixed circulation flow is maintained by the circulation loop between the feed water and the start-up separator, and the water in the circulation loop is heated and partially evaporated. After the steam-water mixture entering the steam-water separator is separated by starting the separator, steam flows into the superheater, and water enters the water circulation system again. This mode is referred to as the "wet" mode of operation of the boiler. With the increase of the boiler load, the medium entering the separator is slightly superheated steam after the minimum direct current load of the boiler is exceeded, and the boiler is converted into a dry-state operation mode.
The above design results in a complex boiler system and a delay in steam production time due to the presence of the separator and the minimum startup flow rate that must be maintained during the startup phase.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: further simplifying the configuration of the once-through boiler system and controlling the workload, and improving the starting speed.
In order to achieve the above object, one technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the operation of a once-through waste heat boiler, wherein a start-up separator is not provided between heating surface tube banks of the once-through waste heat boiler, comprising the steps of:
step 1, in the starting stage of the direct-current waste heat boiler, the heat of the flue gas generated by the direct-current waste heat boiler is only used for heating a heating surface tube group, and water does not enter the heating surface tube group, so that the heating surface tube group is in a dry-burning heating state;
step 2, when the temperature of the metal wall of the heating surface pipe group or the temperature of the flue gas reaches a preset value, water is introduced into the heating surface pipe group, and the introduced water quantity needs to ensure that the water entering the direct-current waste heat boiler can complete the whole process of preheating and evaporating to overheating in a flow from an inlet to an outlet, and the working medium in an outlet pipeline communicated with the outlet is ensured to be in a dry state;
and 3, after the direct-current waste heat boiler operates stably, controlling the temperature of outlet steam by adjusting the water supply flow of the heating surface pipe group, so that the final steam temperature reaches a set control range.
Preferably, in the step 1, the tubes of the heating surface tube group are ensured not to be oxidized or damaged by overtemperature in the dry combustion heating process by controlling the inlet flue gas temperature of the direct-current waste heat boiler or selecting the heating surface tubes of the corresponding grade according to the inlet flue gas temperature of the direct-current waste heat boiler.
Preferably, in step 2, the metal wall temperature or the flue gas temperature at a certain position of the heating surface tube group is monitored, so as to determine whether the metal wall temperature or the flue gas temperature reaches a preset value.
Preferably, the outlet pipeline is further connected with a drainage device, and the drainage device is opened to drain water under the condition that the direct-current waste heat boiler is shut down or in an accident condition, so that preparation is provided for next starting.
The invention also provides a direct-current waste heat boiler system matched with the operation control method, which comprises a boiler body and is characterized in that the boiler body is provided with a heating surface pipe group which is not provided with a starting separator and is used for completing the whole process of preheating, evaporating and overheating of the working medium, the heating surface pipe group is provided with an evaporation section for completing the evaporation process of the working medium and an overheating section for completing the overheating process of the working medium, a fixed boundary point is not arranged between the evaporation section and the overheating section, the inlet of the heating surface pipe group is communicated with an inlet header, and the outlet of the heating surface pipe group is communicated with an outlet header for containing the dry working medium when the boiler body is started and stably operated.
Preferably, the outlet header is communicated with an outlet pipeline, and a drainage device is arranged on the outlet pipeline.
Preferably, the drainage device is a three-way drainage device, the outlet pipeline horizontally enters the three-way drainage device through a horizontal connector of the three-way drainage device, the remaining two connectors of the three-way drainage device are vertical connectors, one of the two vertical connectors faces upwards, the other vertical connector faces downwards, the upward vertical connector is communicated with the steam discharge pipeline, and the downward vertical connector is communicated with the drainage pipeline.
The invention provides an easy-to-operate operation control method suitable for a direct-current waste heat boiler, and solves the problem of delay of steam production time. And the invention further improves the boiler system according to the operation control method, so that the boiler system is simpler and is matched with the operation control method.
The invention can reduce the workload of operation control and maintenance, and greatly simplify the structure of the boiler. The invention has the remarkable characteristics that: 1) in the starting stage, the boiler is not supplied with water, and the heating surface is in a dry burning state, so that the metal of the pipe accumulates enough heat; 2) and starting water feeding when the monitored smoke temperature or wall temperature parameter reaches a target value. The water supply quantity is calculated according to the heat of the boiler inlet, so that the water supply can complete the processes of preheating, evaporating and overheating in one flow, and the outlet state is gaseous, so that the steam-water separation and dry-wet conversion processes of a conventional once-through boiler are not needed; 3) after the boiler operates stably, the operation regulation and control are carried out by adopting simple control logic between the steam temperature and the feed water flow of the boiler; 4) the boiler outlet pipeline is provided with a large-capacity drain pipeline for draining water in a blowing-out or accident state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a boiler arrangement according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is another boiler arrangement according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic control flow of the boiler in steady operation.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The invention provides a method for controlling the operation of a direct-current waste heat boiler, which comprises the following steps:
step one, starting stage of direct-current waste heat boiler
The heat of the flue gas generated by the direct-current waste heat boiler is only used for heating the heating surface tube group, no water enters the heating surface tube group, and the heating surface tube group is in a dry-burning heating state. By controlling the inlet flue gas temperature of the direct-current waste heat boiler or selecting the heating surface pipe material with the corresponding grade according to the inlet flue gas temperature of the direct-current waste heat boiler, the pipes of the heating surface pipe group are ensured not to be oxidized or damaged by overtemperature in the dry combustion heating process.
And step two, monitoring the metal wall temperature or the flue gas temperature of a certain position of the heating surface tube group, and starting to feed water into the heating surface tube group when the metal wall temperature or the flue gas temperature reaches preset parameters. The water supply quantity is calculated according to the heat quantity of the inlet of the boiler, so that the whole process of preheating and evaporating to overheat can be finished in the process from the inlet to the outlet of the water entering the direct-current waste heat boiler, and the working medium in the outlet pipeline connected with the outlet is in a dry state.
In the present embodiment, the feed water amount is determined by: and a group of data points are calculated in advance by a boiler thermodynamic calculation program according to different inlet flue gas temperatures and flue gas flow rates of the boiler to draw a curve. And inquiring the curve according to the inlet flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow during operation to obtain the water supply quantity.
And step three, after the once-through waste heat boiler operates stably, as shown in fig. 3, controlling the temperature of the outlet steam by adjusting the water supply flow of the heating surface pipe group (for example, when the temperature of the outlet steam is too high, the water supply flow of the heating surface pipe group is increased, and when the temperature of the outlet steam is too low, the water supply flow of the heating surface pipe group is reduced), so that the final steam temperature reaches the set control range.
And step four, opening a drainage device connected with the outlet pipeline for drainage under the condition of furnace shutdown or accident working condition of the direct-current waste heat boiler, and preparing for next starting.
The invention also provides two boiler schemes shown in figure 1 and figure 2, which are matched with the control method.
The boiler scheme shown in fig. 1 comprises a boiler body, wherein a starting separator is not arranged between heating surface tube groups 2 of the boiler body, and a fixed boundary point is not arranged between an evaporation section and a overheating section of the heating surface tube groups 2. Water enters the boiler from the inlet header 1, and finishes preheating, evaporation and overheating processes after flowing through the heating surface tube group 2, so that the working medium at the outlet header 3 is steam. The selection of the high-temperature section pipe of the heating surface pipe group 2 can ensure that the high-temperature flue gas dry burning can be borne without damage.
Fig. 2 shows another boiler solution, which differs from the solution shown in fig. 1 in that a special water drainage device 5 is provided in the steam outlet pipe 4 connected to the outlet header 3 for rapid drainage in furnace shut-down or accident conditions. One form of hydrophobic means 5 is a three-way hydrophobic means. After the steam pipeline 4 horizontally enters the three-way type drainage device, steam upwards passes through the three-way type drainage device, and water downwards passes through the three-way type drainage device. When saturated water exists in the steam pipeline 4 (for example, the steam pipeline is drained immediately after an accident is shut down), the three-way type drainage device can enhance the water-steam separation effect and improve the drainage speed through the gravity action.

Claims (7)

1. The operation control method of the direct-current waste heat boiler is characterized in that a starting separator is not arranged between heating surface pipe groups of the direct-current waste heat boiler, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, in the starting stage of the direct-current waste heat boiler, the heat of the flue gas generated by the direct-current waste heat boiler is only used for heating a heating surface tube group, and water does not enter the heating surface tube group, so that the heating surface tube group is in a dry-burning heating state;
step 2, when the temperature of the metal wall of the heating surface pipe group or the temperature of the flue gas reaches a preset value, water is introduced into the heating surface pipe group, and the introduced water quantity needs to ensure that the water entering the direct-current waste heat boiler can complete the whole process of preheating and evaporating to overheating in a flow from an inlet to an outlet, and the water in an outlet pipeline communicated with the outlet is in a dry state;
and 3, after the direct-current waste heat boiler operates stably, controlling the temperature of outlet steam by adjusting the water supply flow of the heating surface pipe group, so that the final steam temperature reaches a set control range.
2. The method for controlling the operation of the once-through waste heat boiler according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the tubes of the heating surface tube group are ensured not to be oxidized or damaged by overtemperature in the dry-burning heating process by controlling the inlet flue gas temperature of the once-through waste heat boiler or selecting the heating surface tubes of the corresponding grade according to the inlet flue gas temperature of the once-through waste heat boiler.
3. The direct current exhaust-heat boiler operation control method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the metal wall temperature or the flue gas temperature at a certain position of the heating surface tube group is monitored, so as to determine whether the metal wall temperature or the flue gas temperature reaches a preset value.
4. The method for controlling the operation of the once-through waste heat boiler according to claim 1, wherein the outlet pipeline is further connected with a drainage device, and the drainage device is opened to drain water in the shutdown or accident condition of the once-through waste heat boiler so as to prepare for the next start-up.
5. A direct-current waste heat boiler system matched with the operation control method of claim 1 comprises a boiler body and is characterized in that the boiler body is provided with a heating surface pipe group which is not provided with a starting separator and is used for completing the whole process of preheating, evaporating and overheating of a working medium, the heating surface pipe group is provided with an evaporating section used for completing the evaporating process of the working medium and an overheating section used for completing the overheating process of the working medium, a fixed boundary point is not arranged between the evaporating section and the overheating section, the inlet of the heating surface pipe group is communicated with an inlet header, and the outlet of the heating surface pipe group is communicated with an outlet header used for containing the dry working medium when the boiler body is started and stably operated.
6. The once-through waste heat boiler system according to claim 5, wherein the outlet header is in communication with an outlet pipe, the outlet pipe being provided with a drain device.
7. The once-through waste heat boiler system according to claim 6, wherein the drain device is a three-way drain device, the outlet pipe horizontally enters the three-way drain device through a horizontal port of the three-way drain device, the remaining two ports of the three-way drain device are vertical ports, one of the two vertical ports faces upward and the other vertical port faces downward, the upward vertical port communicates with the steam discharge pipe, and the downward vertical port communicates with the drain pipe.
CN202010962677.9A 2020-09-14 2020-09-14 Operation control method of direct-current waste heat boiler and matched boiler system Pending CN112146071A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010962677.9A CN112146071A (en) 2020-09-14 2020-09-14 Operation control method of direct-current waste heat boiler and matched boiler system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010962677.9A CN112146071A (en) 2020-09-14 2020-09-14 Operation control method of direct-current waste heat boiler and matched boiler system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN112146071A true CN112146071A (en) 2020-12-29

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ID=73893692

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010962677.9A Pending CN112146071A (en) 2020-09-14 2020-09-14 Operation control method of direct-current waste heat boiler and matched boiler system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN112146071A (en)

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