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CN112094322B - His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤,其合成,抗肿瘤活性和应用 - Google Patents

His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤,其合成,抗肿瘤活性和应用 Download PDF

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CN112094322B
CN112094322B CN201910527891.9A CN201910527891A CN112094322B CN 112094322 B CN112094322 B CN 112094322B CN 201910527891 A CN201910527891 A CN 201910527891A CN 112094322 B CN112094322 B CN 112094322B
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赵明
彭师奇
梁梦
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Abstract

本发明公开了下面通式的His‑Gly‑Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤(式中R1为His‑Gly‑Lys时R2为OH,R1为OH时R2为His‑Gly‑Lys,以及R1和R2同时为His‑Gly‑Lys),公开了它们的制备方法,公开了它们的抗肿瘤活性。进一步公开了它们没有甲氨蝶呤的骨髓抑制毒性,没有甲氨蝶呤的肝毒性,没有甲氨蝶呤的肾毒性以及抗肿瘤活性强等优势。因而本发明公开了它们在制备没有骨髓抑制毒性,没有肝毒性,没有肾毒性以及抗肿瘤活性强的甲氨蝶呤类药物的应用。
Figure DDA0002098806830000011

Description

His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤,其合成,抗肿瘤活性和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤(式中R1为His-Gly-Lys时R2为OH,R1为OH时R2为His-Gly-Lys,以及R1和R2同时为His-Gly-Lys),涉及它们的制备方法,涉及它们的抗肿瘤活性,涉及它们在降低甲氨蝶呤带来的骨髓抑制毒性风险的优势,涉及它们降低甲氨蝶呤带来的肝肾毒性风险的优势。因而本发明涉及它们在制备没有骨髓毒性,没有肝毒性,没有肾毒性以及可抑制肿瘤生长药物中的应用。本发明属于生物医药领域。
背景技术
癌症是指细胞不受控制以及不正常的增殖,并有机会通过机体血液系统或者淋巴系统向其它部位扩散转移的的一类疾病,是世界性的重大医学难关。据国家癌症中心2019年初发布的我国2015年各地区恶性肿瘤发病以及死亡数据结果显示,白血病位列死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤前10位。作为最早用于治疗急性白血病的药物之一,甲氨蝶呤已有70余年临床应用史。由于甲氨蝶呤作用的非特异性,所以会进攻正常组织细胞,例如会进攻血液系统细胞而引发骨髓抑制毒性,主要表现为白细胞,红细胞,血小板数量的降低。例如经肾清除时,会引发肾脏毒性。此外,甲氨蝶呤治疗时的用药剂量较大,会引发肝脏毒性,口腔粘膜副作用以及多重耐药的问题。为了克服这些缺点虽然花大力气研究了甲氨蝶呤的结构修饰,但是问题依然存在。在过去的几年内发明人通过合理药物设计与系统实验研究发现,用His-Gly-Lys修饰甲氨蝶呤得到的下面通式的His-Gly-Lys-甲氨蝶呤(式中R1为His-Gly-Lys时R2为OH,R1为OH时R2为His-Gly-Lys,以及R1和R2同时为His-Gly-Lys)不仅能克服甲氨蝶呤的所述缺点,而且能增强甲氨蝶呤的抗肿瘤活性。根据这些发现,发明人提出了本发明。
Figure BDA0002098806810000011
发明内容
本发明的第一个内容是提供下面通式的His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤(式中R1为His-Gly-Lys时R2为OH,R1为OH时R2为His-Gly-Lys,以及R1和R2同时为His-Gly-Lys)。
Figure BDA0002098806810000021
本发明的第二个内容是提供His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤的制备方法,该方法包括:1采用二环己基碳二亚胺为缩合剂,N-羟基苯并三氮唑为催化剂,液相合成Fmoc-His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl;
2脱除Fmoc合成His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl;
3采用二环己基碳二亚胺为缩合剂,N-羟基苯并三氮唑为催化剂,将甲氨蝶呤与His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl偶联生成如下通式的His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl修饰的甲氨蝶呤,式中R1’为His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl时R2’为OH,R1’为OH时R2’为His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl,以及R1’和R2’同时为His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl;
Figure BDA0002098806810000022
4在酸性条件下脱除保护基生成下面通式的His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤(式中R1为His-Gly-Lys时R2为OH,R1为OH时R2为His-Gly-Lys,以及R1和R2同时为His-Gly-Lys)。
Figure BDA0002098806810000023
本发明的第三个内容是评价上面通式的His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤的抑制肿瘤生长活性。
本发明的第四个内容是评价上面通式的His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤的肝毒性。
本发明的第五个内容是评价上面通式的His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤的肾毒性。
本发明的第六个内容是评价上面通式的His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤的骨髓抑制毒性。
附图说明
图1His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤的合成路线。(ⅰ)无水四氢呋喃,二环己基碳二亚胺,N-羟基苯并三氮唑,N-甲基吗啉;(ⅱ)氯化氢的乙酸乙酯溶液;(ⅲ)20%哌啶的二氯甲烷溶液;(ⅳ)无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,二环己基碳二亚胺,N-羟基苯并三氮唑,N-甲基吗啉;(ⅴ)三氟乙酸/三氟甲磺酸。
具体实施方式
为了进一步阐述本发明,下面给出一系列实施例。这些实施例完全是例证性的,它们仅用来对本发明进行具体描述,不应当理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1制备Boc-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl(1)
用60mL无水四氢呋喃溶解1.02g(5.81mmol)Boc-Gly,得到1号溶液。0℃与搅拌下,将1.43g(6.98mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺和0.79g(5.85mmol)N-羟基苯并三唑的无水四氢呋喃溶液加入到1号溶液中搅拌30分钟。随后加入2.35g(5.78mmol)HCl·Lys(Cbz)-OBzl,用N-甲基吗啉调节反应液pH至9,移去冰浴,在室温下充分搅拌17小时后TLC(二氯甲烷/甲醇=30/1)显示反应完成,终止反应。过滤,浓缩,残留物用100mL乙酸乙酯溶解,溶液依次分别用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗(30mL×3),饱和氯化钠水溶液洗(30mL×3),5%硫酸氢钾水溶液洗(30mL×3),饱和氯化钠水溶液洗(30mL×3),饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗(30mL×3),饱和氯化钠水溶液洗(30mL×3)。得到的乙酸乙酯相用无水硫酸钠干燥12小时,过滤,浓缩,得到3.05g(100%)目标化合物,为黄色油状物。ESI-MS(m/e):528[M+H]+
实施例2制备Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl(2)
将1.75g(3.32mmol)化合物(1)用无水乙酸乙酯溶解。0℃与搅拌下,加入20mL氯化氢的乙酸乙酯溶液(4M),搅拌9小时后TLC(二氯甲烷/甲醇=30/1)显示反应完成。温水浴条件下,反复减压浓缩反应液,随后用无水酸乙酯溶解浓缩物,重复减压浓缩反应液(3次),再用无水乙醚反复磨洗反应物,得到1.40g(98%)目标化合物,为黄色粘稠油状物。ESI-MS(m/e):428[M+H]+
实施例3制备Fmoc-His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl(3)
采用实施例1的方法,从1.87g(3.02mmol)Fmoc-His(Trt)和1.40g(3.02mmol)化合物(2)中得到2.02g(65%)目标化合物,为无色粉末。ESI+MS(m/e):1029[M+H]+,1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=8.20(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),7.90(s,1H),7.88(s,1H),7.68-7.64(m,2H),7.43-7.20(m,27H),7.06-7.03(m,6H),6.73(s,1H),5.12(s,1H),5.07(s,2H),5.00-4.99(m,2H),4.30-4.12(m,4H),3.75-3.67(m,2H),2.97-2.89(m,3H),2.83-2.74(m,1H),1.68-1.55(m,2H),1.38-1.24(m,4H)。
实施例4制备His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl(4)
用20mL 20%哌啶二氯甲烷溶液溶解1.80g(1.75mmol)化合物(3),0℃与搅拌下,搅拌6小时后TLC(二氯甲烷/甲醇=20/1)显示反应完成,终止反应。在25℃水浴条件下,浓缩,得到白色固体,加入石油醚反复磨洗反应物,同样用无水乙醚磨洗3次,经减压硅胶柱层析纯化,得到0.83g(59%)目标化合物,为无色粉末。ESI+MS(m/e):807[M+H]+1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=8.69(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),8.17(s,1H),7.40-7.24(m,21H),7.08-7.06(m,6H),6.68(s,1H),5.04(s,2H),4.99(s,2H),4.32-4.38(m,1H),3.79-3.65(m,2H),3.42-3.41(m,1H),2.92(d,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.80-2.64(m,2H),1.66-1.56(m,2H),1.31-1.24(m,4H)。
实施例5制备His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl修饰的甲氨蝶呤(1a,1b,1c)
用40mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解0.47g(1.03mmol)甲氨蝶呤,得到1号溶液。0℃与搅拌下,将0.26g(1.26mmol)二环己基碳二亚胺和0.14g(1.14mmol)N-羟基苯并三唑无水的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液加入到1号溶液中,搅拌30分钟。加入0.83g(1.03mmol)化合物(4),用N-甲基吗啉调节反应液pH至9,移除冰浴,在室温下充分搅拌8小时后TLC(乙酸乙酯/水/冰醋酸=6/1/1)显示反应完成,过滤除去不溶白色固体二环己基脲,将滤液减压旋除溶剂,经制备薄层析分离纯化(乙酸乙酯/水/冰醋酸=6/1/1)得到0.27g(21%)化合物1a,0.66g(63.63%)化合物1b和0.12g(10%)化合物1c。它们的结构如下:
Figure BDA0002098806810000041
1a为橘黄色粉末,ESI-MS(m/e):1241[M-H]-,1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=11.98(s,1H),8.53(s,1H),8.36-8.15(m,3H),7.69(m,2H),7.32(m,22H),7.02(s,7H),6.70-6.63(m,5H),5.05(s,2H),4.98(s,2H),4.75(s,2H),4.39(m,1H),4.27-4.25(m,2H),3.74-3.51(m,2H),3.17(s,3H),2.89-2.85(m,4H),2.37(m,1H),2.28(m,1H),1.60-1.48(m,4H),1.32-1.24(m,4H);13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=173.41,172.24,171.70,128.49,128.46,128.28,169.45,163.33,163.16,162.79,156.52,155.67,151.23,149.47,146.36,142.65,142.63,142.54,137.74,136.40,129.70,129.64,129.57,128.86,128.77,128.60,128.57,128.49,128.46,128.40,128.35,128.28,128.24,128.14,128.10,127.99,121.93,121.67,119.36,111.44,111.28,74.89,66.21,66.17,65.54,52.44,47.97,42.57,40.57,31.24,30.90,30.85,29.38,25.96,24.56。
1b为橘黄色粉末,Q-TOF-MS(m/e):2031[M+H]+,1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=8.52(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),8.44-8.37(m,2H),8.29-8.18(m,3H),7.69-7.61(m,2H),7.31-7.26(m,41H),7.22-7.20(m,2H),7.04-7.02(m,13H),6.73-6.61(m,6H),5.05(m,4H),4.98(s,4H),4.74(s,2H),4.54-4.38(m,1H),4.25(m,2H),4.12(m,2H),3.75-3.54(m,4H),3.15(s,3H),2.90-2.74(m,8H),2.27-2.02(m,2H),1.63-1.41(m,6H),1.24-0.98(m,8H);13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=172.33,172.27,172.18,172.07,171.67,171.64,169.51,169.47,169.41,169.27,167.24,163.33,163.17,162.78,156.52,155.67,151.33.149.51,146.42,146.39,142.57,142.52,137.73,136.70,136.36,129.67,129.51,128.86,128.84,128.77,128.59,128.56,128.51,128.42,128.39,128.34,128.24,128.15,127.98,127.79,127.10,127.06,126.87,126.85,121.92,121.50,119.95,119.94,111.29,111.26,89.29,66.28,66.24,55.35,53.26,52.36,47.97,42.45,40.59,40.43,40.26,36.25,33.82,31.24,31.00,30.98,30.94,29.35,27.38,22.93,22.79。
1c为橘黄色粉末,ESI-MS(m/e):1243[M+H]+,1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=8.56(s,1H),8.41(m,1H),7.82-7.80(m,2H),7.64(m,3H),7.32(m,21H),7.05-7.03(m,6H),6.82-6.80(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.70(s,1H),6.60(s,2H),5.06(s,2H),4.98(s,2H),4.76(s,2H),4.40(m,1H),4.23-4.11(m,5H),3.68(m,2H),3.18(s,3H),2.15(m,2H),1.86(m,2H),1.63(m,2H),1.31-1.24(m,4H);13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=173.16,173.36,172.27,172.23,169.83,169.72,163.31,163.17,162.80,156.54,155.65,151.16,149.59,146.47,142.62,137.77,136.42,129.66,128.87,128.77,128.68,128.61,128.40,128.13,128.11,122.65,122.57,121.90,119.90,111.69,74.97,66.21,66.18,55.35,53.54,53.44,52.47,47.97,42.76,40.56,33.81,32.61,32.20,31.25,25.79,22.95。
实施例6制备结构式如下的His-Gly-Lys修饰甲氨蝶呤α羧基(2a)
Figure BDA0002098806810000051
称取0.12g(0.095mmol)化合物1a,0℃与搅拌下,先缓慢加入2mL三氟乙酸,再加入0.6mL三氟甲磺酸,搅拌40分钟后,0℃与搅拌下,用循环水式真空泵抽除反应瓶内挥发性酸气30分钟。随即加入冰乙醚30mL,析出橘黄色不溶物,静置,弃除上清,重复3次。用少量水溶解反应物,再用稀氨水调节溶液pH=8,经C18柱层析纯化,收集洗脱液,将收集液在-80℃低温预冻,冷冻干燥机冻干样品,得到0.032g(44%)化合物2a,为橘黄色粉末。ESI-MS(m/e):775[M-H]-,1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=8.60(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),8.45(s,1H),8.32-8.11(m,5H),7.96(s,1H),7.76-7.71(m,2H),7.64(s,1H),7.23(s,1H),7.16(s,1H),7.06(s,1H),6.83-6.81(m,2H),4.82(s,2H),4.52(m,1H),4.31(m,1H),4.20(m,1H),3.84-3.65(m,2H),3.23(s,3H),3.12-2.93(m,2H),2.75(m,2H),2.27-2.25(m,1H),2.20-2.13(m,1H),1.90-1.87(m,2H),1.73-1.69(m,1H),1.64-1.50(m,3H),1.34-1.18(m,2H);13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=174.55,174.43,173.84,172.47,172.34,170.94,169.35,169.23,167.19,163.17,160.81,151.43,149.43,148.43,148.32,134.51,129.57,122.45,122.20,121.42,119.89,117.32,111.56,55.32,53.75,53.57,52.47,52.10,42.46,42.46,42.34,30.95,30.78,27.93,26.94,22.69。
实施例7制备结构式如下的His-Gly-Lys修饰甲氨蝶呤α,γ羧基(2b)
Figure BDA0002098806810000061
称取0.18g(0.089mmol)化合物1b,0℃与搅拌下,先缓慢加入2mL三氟乙酸,再加入0.6mL三氟甲磺酸,搅拌40分钟后,终止反应。0℃与搅拌下,用循环水式真空泵抽除反应瓶内挥发性酸气30分钟。随即加入冰乙醚30mL,析出橘黄色不溶物,静置,弃除上清,重复3次,用少量水溶解反应物,再用稀氨水调节溶液pH=8,经C18柱层析纯化,收集洗脱液。在-80℃低温预冻,冷冻干燥机冻干样品,得到0.036g(37%)化合物2b,为橘黄色粉末。ESI-MS(m/e):1099[M+H]+,1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=8.57(s,1H),8.32-8.26(m,8H),8.10(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.88(s,2H),7.75-7.64(m,7H),7.18-7.03(m,4H),6.81(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.83(s,2H),4.53-4.51(m,2H),4.20(m,3H),3.83-3.66(m,4H),3.24(s,3H),3.03-2.87(m,4H),2.76(m,4H),2.16(m,2H),1.91-1.72(m,4H),1.60-1.49(m,6H),1.33(m,4H);13C NMR(75MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=173.94,173.88,173.84,172.50,172.29,171.37,171.12,169.33,169.23,167.15,163.18,161.45,151.42,149.41,147.87,134.84,134.63,131.33,131.19,129.55,127.58,123.30,122.14,121.52,121.38,119.03,117.54,111.57,55.33,53.73,52.78,52.57,52.17,42.51,42.47,42.35,41.13,32.29,28.35,28.31,27.36,27.33,27.31,27.27,27.00,22.73。
实施例8制备结构式如下His-Gly-Lys修饰甲氨蝶呤γ羧基(2c)
Figure BDA0002098806810000071
称取0.11g(0.087mmol)化合物1c,0℃与搅拌下,先缓慢加入1mL三氟乙酸,再加入0.3mL三氟甲磺酸,搅拌40分钟后,终止反应。0℃与搅拌下,用循环水式真空泵抽除反应瓶内挥发性酸气30分钟,随即加入30mL冰乙醚,析出橘黄色不溶物,静置,弃除上清,重复3次。用少量水溶解反应物,再用稀氨水调节溶液pH=7-8,经C18柱层析纯化,收集洗脱液,将收集液在-80℃低温预冻,冷冻干燥机冻干样品,得到0.017g(25%)化合物2c,为橘黄色粉末。ESI-MS(m/e):775[M-H]-,1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6/D2O=10/1):δ/ppm=8.59(s,1H),7.83(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),7.69(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.96(d,J=3Hz,1H),6.84(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),4.82(s,2H),4.42-4.40(m,1H),4.08(m,1H),3.81-3.77(m,1H),3.70-3.65(m,1H),3.22(s,3H),3.04-3.01(m,1H),2.89-2.88(m,1H),2.79-2.78(m,2H),2.21(m,2H),2.02-2.00(m,1H),1.89-1.85(m,1H),1.74-1.73(m,1H),1.62-1.53(m,3H),1.27(m,2H);13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6/D2O=10/1):δ/ppm=175.67,175.59,175.50,175.40,174.07,172.57,169.31,166.97,162.98,162.28,154.18,151.45,149.62,147.84,134.99,132.42,129.06,121.86,121.21,117.39,111.78,55.33,54.45,54.37,53.66,52.96,43.00,42.95,31.15,29.05,27.27,27.22,22.86。
实验例1化合物2a-c抑制S180纤维肉瘤生长的活性
实验动物:SPF级ICR小鼠,雄性,体重18-22g,购自北京维通利华动物实验技术有限公司。
实验分组和给药剂量:化合物2a-c给药剂量为0.29μmol/kg/天;阳性对照给予甲氨蝶呤,2.9μmol/kg/天;阴性对照组给予生理盐水。所有组别给药体积均按照10mL/kg/天体重计算,经腹腔注射给药。
实验操作:取传代一周的SPF级S180腹水瘤ICR小鼠(所用瘤源为S180肉瘤细胞,购自北京大学医学部动物实验中心),颈椎脱臼处死,用手术剪刀打开小鼠腹腔,注射器吸取腹水中的S180瘤液至EP管内,离心(1000rpm,10分钟),弃除上清液,用冷却的生理盐水多次洗涤,除去细胞碎片,浮血等杂质,加入冷却的生理盐水重悬,用0.4%台盼蓝溶液与细胞悬液以1:9混合均匀。其中,死细胞被染成明显的蓝色,而活细胞不被染色,用细胞计数板在显微镜下观察并计活细胞数量(细胞存活率>90%),将细胞悬液稀释至活细胞密度为1.5×107个/mL,该一系列操作需尽快完成,并尽量使细胞处于较低温度的条件下,以保存细胞活力,细胞存活率计算方法见公式(1)。
Figure BDA0002098806810000081
在接种前,受体鼠需静息适应环境一天,接种时,用含75%酒精的棉球对小鼠右腋进行擦拭消毒,用1mL注射器在小鼠右腋皮下接种瘤液,每只0.2mL,建立S180纤维肉瘤模型。自接种第7天,可见大部分小鼠右腋下均可见绿豆大小实体瘤,进行随机分组,按照给药剂量连续腹腔注射给药10天。给药第11天,颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,用镊子固定小鼠右腋实体瘤部位,接着用手术剪剪开皮肤部分,暴露出肿瘤组织,沿着肿瘤与皮肤,肌肉间隙进行钝性分离取出肿瘤组织,称量重量,计算各组抑瘤率,计算公式(2)。
Figure BDA0002098806810000082
结果见表1,数据经t检验。可以看出,当化合物2a-c给药剂量降至甲氨蝶呤给药剂量的1/10时,仍表现出良好的体内抗肿瘤生长活性,说明本发明具有优秀的技术效果。
表1化合物2a-c抑制S180纤维肉瘤生长活性
Figure BDA0002098806810000083
a)与生理盐水组相比P<0.01;b)与生理盐水组相比P<0.01,与甲氨蝶呤组相比P<0.05;n=10。
实验例2化合物2a-c对小鼠肝功能的影响
谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶是反映肝损伤的重要生化指标。为了考察化合物2a-c对肿瘤小鼠肝功能的潜在影响,本发明使用全自动生化仪测定了实验例1的S180小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶与谷草转氨酶的浓度。数据见表2,数据经t检验。在0.29μmol/kg/天剂量下化合物2a-c对S180小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶浓度的影响与生理盐水相比,未见显著性升高,其中2b组小鼠谷草转氨酶含量降低,但是向着正常小鼠血清谷草转氨酶浓度范围变化。而甲氨蝶呤对S180小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶浓度的影响与生理盐水组相比,具有统计学差异,出现升高,具有肝毒性。可见,化合物2a-c降低了甲氨蝶呤带来的肝毒性,可见本发明的化合物2a-c具有显著的技术优势。
表2化合物2a-c对S180小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶浓度的影响
Figure BDA0002098806810000091
a)与生理盐水组相比P<0.05;b)与生理盐水组相比P>0.05;n=6。
实验例3化合物2a-c对小鼠肾功能的影响
肌酐是反映肾损伤的重要生化指标。为了考察化合物2a-c对肿瘤小鼠肾功能的潜在影响,本发明使用全自动生化仪测定了实验例1的S180小鼠血清中肌酐的浓度。数据见表3,数据经t检验。数据表明在0.29μmol/kg/天剂量下化合物2a-c对S180小鼠血清肌酐浓度的影响与生理盐水没有差异,可见,化合物2a-c治疗不损伤S180小鼠的肾功能。相反,在2.9μmol/kg/天剂量下甲氨蝶呤对S180小鼠血清肌酐浓度的影响与生理盐水有差异,即给予甲氨蝶呤会造成肾损伤。可见,化合物2a-c降低了甲氨蝶呤带来的肾毒性,可见本发明的化合物2a-c具有显著的技术优势。
表3化合物2a-c对S180小鼠肌酐浓度的影响
Figure BDA0002098806810000092
a)与生理盐水组相比P<0.05;b)与生理盐水组相比P>0.05;n=6。
实验例4化合物2a-c对S180小鼠的骨髓毒性
甲氨蝶呤临床用作抗肿瘤药物时,因选择性较差,会引起骨髓抑制反应,主要导致外周血血小板,白细胞,红细胞以及中性粒细胞的减少,故可通过对实验例1的S180小鼠外周血血细胞进行计数,评估药物的骨髓抑制毒性。测定结果见表4,数据经t检验。数据表明在0.29μmol/kg/天剂量下化合物2a-c对S180小鼠血液中红细胞,白细胞,血小板及中性粒细胞计数的影响与生理盐水相比没有差异,可见,化合物2a-c治疗对S180小鼠没有骨髓毒性。相反,在2.9μmol/kg/天剂量下甲氨蝶呤对S180小鼠血液中红细胞,白细胞,血小板及中性粒细胞计数的影响与生理盐水有差异,可见,甲氨蝶呤对S180小鼠有骨髓毒性。化合物2a-c明显减轻了甲氨蝶呤造成的外周血细胞降低的毒性,即减轻了甲氨蝶呤的骨髓抑制毒性。可见本发明的化合物2a-c具有显著的技术优势。
表4化合物2a-c对小鼠对红细胞,白细胞,血小板及中性粒细胞计数的影响
Figure BDA0002098806810000101
a)与生理盐水组相比,P<0.01;b)与生理盐水组相比,P<0.05;c)与生理盐水组相比,P>0.05,与甲氨蝶呤组相比P<0.01;d)与生理盐水组相比,P>0.05,与甲氨蝶呤组相比P<0.05;n=6。

Claims (2)

1.如下通式的His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用,
Figure FDA0003533469050000011
式中R1为His-Gly-Lys时R2为OH,R1为OH时R2为His-Gly-Lys,以及R1和R2同时为His-Gly-Lys。
2.权利要求1所述通式的His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用,其特征在于,制备所述化合物His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用二环己基碳二亚胺为缩合剂,N-羟基苯并三唑为催化剂,液相合成Fmoc-His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl;
(2)脱除Fmoc合成His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl;
(3)采用二环己基碳二亚胺为缩合剂,N-羟基苯并三唑为催化剂,将甲氨蝶呤与His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl偶联生成如下通式的His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl修饰的甲氨蝶呤,式中R1’为His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl时R2’为OH,R1’为OH时R2’为His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl,以及R1’和R2’同时为His(Trt)-Gly-Lys(Cbz)-OBzl;
Figure FDA0003533469050000012
(4)在酸性条件下脱除保护基生成权利要求1所述的His-Gly-Lys修饰的甲氨蝶呤。
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