CN112056160A - Efficient cultivation method for greenhouse muskmelons - Google Patents

Abstract

A greenhouse melon efficient cultivation method comprises the following steps: firstly, seedling raising, namely 1, seedling raising time, 2, seed soaking and germination accelerating, 3, sowing, 4 and seedbed management; secondly, preparation before cultivation: 1. flatly paving rice husks on the ground, 2, paying off cultivation beds, 3, applying cake fertilizer, 4, applying edible fungus leftovers, 5, manufacturing cultivation grooves, and 6, applying commercial organic fertilizer; thirdly, field planting cultivation: planting muskmelon seedlings; fourthly, field management: 1. placing a hose drip pipe belt, 2, paving a mulching film, 3, hanging vines of melon seedlings, 4, pruning, 5, artificial pollination, 6, bee pollination, 7, managing melon before blooming, 8, hanging melons, 9, managing water and fertilizer, 10 and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests; fifthly, harvesting; the cultivation method is scientific and reasonable, can reduce the damage of plant diseases and insect pests to the melons, improve soil, improve the yield of the melons, increase economic benefits and have better market prospect.

Description

Efficient cultivation method for greenhouse muskmelons

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a high-efficiency cultivation method of greenhouse melons.

Background

The melon is an annual vine herbaceous plant of the genus Cucumis of the family Cucurbitaceae. The stems and branches have edges. The curly hair is fine and single and is slightly soft. The long petiole is provided with a groove and short bristles; the blade is made of thick paper and is rough on the upper surface and is bristled by white coarse bristles. Parthenocarpy, hermaphrodite. The shape and color of the fruit are different according to varieties, and are usually spherical or oblong, the peel is smooth, longitudinal furrows or stripes are formed, and the pulp is white, yellow or green and has fragrant and sweet taste; the seeds are white or yellow-white, oval or long round, the tips are sharp, and the surface is smooth.

With the adjustment of the structure of the planting industry and the rapid development of high-efficiency agriculture, the area for planting the melons in the small shed, the middle shed, the greenhouse and the greenhouse is increased year by year, and due to the continuous cropping planting, the source of pathogenic insects is accumulated year by year, so that the types of the pathogenic insects are increased year by year, the damage degree is increased year by year, the yield of the melons is low, and the economic income is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

The invention provides a greenhouse melon high-efficiency cultivation method, which solves the defects that the number of pest species increases year by year, the harm degree increases year by year, the yield of melons is low, the economic income is reduced and the like in the conventional melon cultivation.

(II) the adopted technical scheme

The invention aims to realize the aim by adopting the following technical scheme that the greenhouse melon efficient cultivation method comprises the following steps:

first, grow seedlings

1. Time of raising seedlings

Culturing seedlings from 12 late spring to 1 early spring, and culturing seedlings from 6 late autumn to 7 early autumn; 2. seed soaking and germination accelerating

Soaking seeds in warm water for 3-4 hours, scrubbing the surface stickies of the seeds with clear water, airing the surface moisture of the seeds, wrapping the seeds with a semi-dry towel, and sowing after the seeds are exposed to the white color after 24-36 hours at the constant temperature of 28-32 ℃;

3. seeding

Seedling raising is carried out by using commercial melon seedling raising substrate and a seedling raising tray with 54 holes, 1 seed which is germinated is sowed in each hole, the seeds are horizontally placed, germs are downward, and seedlings are checked and supplemented in time within 5 days;

4. seedbed management

The temperature is controlled to be about 25 ℃ so as to facilitate seedling emergence, water retention, ventilation and seedling hardening and prevent damping-off;

second, preparation before cultivation

1. Ground flat rice husk

Rice hulls are flatly paved on the ground, the thickness of the rice hulls is 10 centimeters, the rice hulls are flatly paved and then are rotary-tilled, and the rotary tillage depth of a soil layer is 15 centimeters, so that the rice hulls and the soil are fully and uniformly stirred;

2. line laying for cultivation bed

Paying off according to the ridge bottom width and the ditch bottom width of 150 centimeters;

3. cake applying fertilizer

Applying 150 kg of soybean cakes or rapeseed cakes to each mu, applying cake fertilizer strips to the center of each cultivation ridge, and thoroughly decomposing the cake fertilizer before applying the cake fertilizer;

4. edible mushroom leftover bits and pieces

5000 kilograms of crushed edible fungus leftovers are applied to each mu in the middle of the ridge surface, the edible fungus leftovers are 20 centimeters in transverse width at the middle of the ridge surface and mainly comprise leftovers of apricot spore mushrooms, mushrooms and the like; the edible fungus leftovers can be used after being crushed, piled, fermented and applied;

5. cultivation tank manufacturing

According to the standard that the width of the ridge top is 30 centimeters and the height of the ridge top is 25 centimeters, firstly, a cultivation material is placed in the middle of the ridge, then, the rice hull soil mixed material at the bottom of the ditch is piled on two sides of the ridge top, so that a groove is formed in the center of the ridge, and the depth of the center of the groove is 10 centimeters;

6. commercial organic fertilizer application

Applying 1000 kilograms of commercial organic bacterial manure per mu in the groove;

third, planting and cultivating

Muskmelon seedling planting

When the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 center, a row of melons can be planted in the center of the ridge top in sunny days, and the planting distance is 20 centimeters;

fourth, field management

1. Hose drip tape placement

And (3) laying hose drip tapes 10 cm away from the two sides of the melon respectively.

2. Mulching film

Mulching films with the width of 80 centimeters are respectively paved on two sides of the melon rows, 5 centimeters of mulching films are left on each side of the melon rows and no mulching films are covered on the two sides of the melon rows, 10 centimeters of mulching films are left on the two sides of the melon rows, so that the air exchange inside and outside the ridges is facilitated, the oxygen content in the ridges is increased, and the growth and development of root systems are promoted.

3. Sweet melon seedling vine hanging device

6-7 true leaves of sweet melon seedlings, and hanging vines when head swinging is started; a row of melons is hung on 2 rows, the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th and the 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th and the. Pruning before hanging tendrils, and spraying a bactericide in time after pruning;

4. pruning

All the subsidiary vines except 13-16 sections of the melon vines are cut off, 1 leaf is reserved on the subsidiary vines of the prepared 13-16 sections of the fruit, all the grandchild vines are cut off, 25-28 sections of the subsidiary vines are cut off, 3-4 lateral buds are reserved after the cutting off, and the rest are cut off;

pruning and topping are preferably carried out in sunny days, and pruning and sprouting are not suitable in rainy days with high humidity;

5. artificial pollination

The pollination effect is better when the pollination is started at 7 am and finished at 30 min at 11 am; selecting male flowers which open in the same day, removing petals, and slightly and uniformly smearing pollen of the male flowers on stigma of the female flowers;

6. bee pollination

Also can adopt the bee pollination, the requirement of bee pollination environment: the circumference of the melon greenhouse is 1000 meters, and no peculiar smell or pesticide is needed during the bee releasing period; pesticide does not need to be sprayed 7 days before bees are released in the greenhouse, and articles with strange odor are piled;

7. management before flowering of muskmelon

Before the melon blooms, the pesticide with longer residual period, such as dichlorvos, dimethoate and the like, can not be used; during flowering period, the use of pesticides with strong toxicity such as imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos and the like is forbidden; if the pesticide is applied, biological pesticide or low-toxicity pesticide is selected as much as possible;

8. snake gourd

Hanging the young melon in time when the young melon grows to 250 g, tying a knot with a string, pulling the knot upwards from the lower end of the fruit to a fruit handle, and hanging the melon to a position which is level to the joint of the sitting melon;

9. liquid manure management

And 3 days after planting, adding 20 jin of compound fertilizer per mu for drip irrigation. And then determining whether fertilizing and drip irrigation are needed according to the growth vigor of the seedlings. Less water is needed in the seedling stage, the periphery of the root is kept moist by dripping water in the vine extending stage, the substrate is kept moist in the melon expanding stage, too dry is avoided, and excessive water supply is avoided, so that the split melon is easily caused; stopping dripping water one week before the melon is ripe;

10. pest control

The prevention and treatment of main diseases and pests of the melons, such as damping-off, downy mildew, powdery mildew, gummy stem blight, root nematodes, aphids, liriomyza sativae and the like are well carried out;

fifth, harvesting

The melon is cut by scissors when the melon is collected, the fruit stem is kept about 3 cm, the melon is taken lightly, and the surface of the melon is prevented from being scratched. (III) advantageous effects

The invention provides a greenhouse melon high-efficiency cultivation method, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. the ridge surface is covered with the mulching film, but the ridge surface is not completely closed, a gap of 10 cm is reserved, and a channel is reserved for oxygen in the air to enter the melon rhizosphere soil; the rice hulls are doped into the soil, so that the volume weight of the soil rice hull mixture is reduced, the porosity is increased, and a larger library is created for increasing the oxygen content. The two technical operations can easily increase the oxygen content of the melon rhizosphere soil and promote the growth of the melon root system.

2. The plastic film is covered on the ridge surface, and the drip irrigation is carried out through the hose under the film, so that the water supply according to the requirement can be realized, the evaporation of the moisture on the ridge surface to the space is reduced, the air humidity in the facility is reduced, the illumination intensity of the facility is increased, and the occurrence of the diseases of the melons is reduced.

3. Applying edible fungus leftovers, cake fertilizers and commercial organic bacterial fertilizers, wherein the organic fertilizers contain major elements, medium elements and trace elements, so that the nutrition is comprehensive and balanced, the strong growth of the melons is promoted, and the resistance is enhanced; contains a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, and by applying beneficial microorganisms to crops to inhibit the propagation of other microorganisms harmful to the crops, pathogenic microorganisms in soil are inhibited, and the microorganisms have antagonistic action on diseases and pests, so that the purposes of preventing and treating diseases are achieved, and the resistance of the melons is increased; the organic fertilizer contains organic physiological active substances, improves the physical structure of soil, prevents hardening and creates a good environment for the growth of the melons.

4. The high-ridge cultivation has good effect of buffering water, and excessive water can leak to the bottom of the ditch, so that the root system of the melon can not be damaged due to excessive irrigation; through high ridges and drip irrigation, the influence of excessive salt content of the continuous cropping soil on the growth of the melons is effectively reduced.

The cultivation method is scientific and reasonable, damage of plant diseases and insect pests to the melons can be reduced, soil is improved, the yield of the melons is increased, economic benefits are increased, and the cultivation method has a good market prospect.

Detailed Description

All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.

Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

Examples

A greenhouse melon efficient cultivation method comprises the following steps:

first, grow seedlings

1. Time of raising seedlings

Culturing seedlings from 12 late spring to 1 early spring, and culturing seedlings from 6 late autumn to 7 early autumn; 2. seed soaking and germination accelerating

Soaking seeds in warm water for 3-4 hours, scrubbing the surface stickies of the seeds with clear water, airing the seeds, wrapping the seeds with a semi-dry towel, and sowing after the seeds are exposed to the white color after 24-36 hours at the constant temperature of 28-32 ℃;

3. seeding

Seedling raising is carried out by using commercial melon seedling raising substrate and a seedling raising tray with 54 holes, 1 seed which is germinated is sowed in each hole, the seeds are horizontally placed, germs are downward, and seedlings are checked and supplemented in time within 5 days;

4. seedbed management

The temperature is controlled to be about 25 ℃ so as to facilitate seedling emergence, water retention, ventilation and seedling hardening and prevent damping-off;

second, preparation before cultivation

1. Ground flat rice husk

Rice hulls are flatly paved on the ground, the thickness of the rice hulls is 10 centimeters, the rice hulls are flatly paved and then are rotary-tilled, and the rotary tillage depth of a soil layer is 15 centimeters, so that the rice hulls and the soil are fully and uniformly stirred;

2. line laying for cultivation bed

Paying off according to the ridge bottom width and the ditch bottom width of 150 centimeters;

3. cake applying fertilizer

Applying 150 kg of soybean cakes or rapeseed cakes to each mu, applying cake fertilizer strips to the center of each cultivation ridge, and thoroughly decomposing the cake fertilizer before applying the cake fertilizer;

4. edible mushroom leftover bits and pieces

5000 kilograms of crushed edible fungus leftovers are applied to each mu in the middle of the ridge surface, the edible fungus leftovers are 20 centimeters in transverse width at the middle of the ridge surface and mainly comprise leftovers of apricot spore mushrooms, mushrooms and the like; the edible fungus leftovers can be used after being crushed, piled, fermented and applied;

5. cultivation tank manufacturing

According to the standard that the width of the ridge top is 30 centimeters and the height of the ridge top is 25 centimeters, firstly, a cultivation material is placed in the middle of the ridge, then, the rice hull soil mixed material at the bottom of the ditch is piled on two sides of the ridge top, so that a groove is formed in the center of the ridge, and the depth of the center of the groove is 10 centimeters;

6. commercial organic fertilizer application

Applying 1000 kilograms of commercial organic bacterial manure per mu in the groove;

third, planting and cultivating

Muskmelon seedling planting

When the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 center, a row of melons can be planted in the center of the ridge top in sunny days, and the planting distance is 20 centimeters;

fourth, field management

1. Hose drip tape placement

And (3) laying hose drip tapes 10 cm away from the two sides of the melon respectively.

2. Mulching film

Mulching films with the width of 80 centimeters are respectively paved on two sides of the melon rows, 5 centimeters of mulching films are left on each side of the melon rows and no mulching films are covered on the two sides of the melon rows, 10 centimeters of mulching films are left on the two sides of the melon rows, so that the air exchange inside and outside the ridges is facilitated, the oxygen content in the ridges is increased, and the growth and development of root systems are promoted.

3. Sweet melon seedling vine hanging device

6-7 true leaves of sweet melon seedlings, and hanging vines when head swinging is started; a row of melons is hung on 2 rows, the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th and the 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th and the. Pruning before hanging tendrils, and spraying a bactericide in time after pruning;

4. pruning

All the subsidiary vines except 13-16 sections of the melon vines are cut off, 1 leaf is reserved on the subsidiary vines of the prepared 13-16 sections of the fruit, all the grandchild vines are cut off, 25-28 sections of the subsidiary vines are cut off, 3-4 lateral buds are reserved after the cutting off, and the rest are cut off;

pruning and topping are preferably carried out in sunny days, and pruning and sprouting are not suitable in rainy days with high humidity;

5. artificial pollination

The pollination effect is better when the pollination is started at 7 am and finished at 30 min at 11 am; selecting male flowers which open in the same day, removing petals, and slightly and uniformly smearing pollen of the male flowers on stigma of the female flowers;

6. bee pollination

Also can adopt the bee pollination, the requirement of bee pollination environment: the circumference of the melon greenhouse is 1000 meters, and no peculiar smell or pesticide is needed during the bee releasing period; pesticide does not need to be sprayed 7 days before bees are released in the greenhouse, and articles with strange odor are piled;

7. management before flowering of muskmelon

Before the melon blooms, the pesticide with longer residual period, such as dichlorvos, dimethoate and the like, can not be used; during flowering period, the use of pesticides with strong toxicity such as imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos and the like is forbidden; if the pesticide is applied, biological pesticide or low-toxicity pesticide is selected as much as possible;

8. snake gourd

Hanging the young melon in time when the young melon grows to 250 g, tying a knot with a string, pulling the knot upwards from the lower end of the fruit to a fruit handle, and hanging the melon to a position which is level to the joint of the sitting melon;

9. liquid manure management

And 3 days after planting, adding 20 jin of compound fertilizer per mu for drip irrigation. And then determining whether fertilizing and drip irrigation are needed according to the growth vigor of the seedlings. Less water is needed in the seedling stage, the periphery of the root is kept moist by dripping water in the vine extending stage, the substrate is kept moist in the melon expanding stage, too dry is avoided, and excessive water supply is avoided, so that the split melon is easily caused; stopping dripping water one week before the melon is ripe;

10. pest control

The prevention and treatment of main diseases and pests of the melons, such as damping-off, downy mildew, powdery mildew, gummy stem blight, root-knot nematodes, aphids, liriomyza sativae and the like are well carried out;

fifth, harvesting

The melon is cut by scissors when the melon is collected, the fruit stem is kept about 3 cm, the melon is taken lightly, and the surface of the melon is prevented from being scratched. The cultivation method is scientific and reasonable, can reduce the damage of plant diseases and insect pests to the melons, improve soil, improve the yield of the melons, increase economic benefits and have better market prospect.

While the basic teachings of the present invention have been described, numerous extensions and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. As the present invention disclosed in the specification may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or general characteristics thereof, and it is noted that some of these specific forms have been set forth, the embodiments disclosed in the specification should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (1)

1. The efficient cultivation method of the greenhouse muskmelon is characterized by comprising the following steps:

first, grow seedlings

(1) Time of raising seedlings

Culturing seedlings from 12 late spring to 1 early spring, and culturing seedlings from 6 late autumn to 7 early autumn; (2) seed soaking and germination accelerating

Soaking seeds in warm water for 3-4 hours, scrubbing the surface stickies of the seeds with clear water, airing the seeds, wrapping the seeds with a semi-dry towel, and sowing after the seeds are exposed to the white color after 24-36 hours at the constant temperature of 28-32 ℃;

(3) seeding

Seedling raising is carried out by using commercial melon seedling raising substrate and a seedling raising tray with 54 holes, 1 seed which is germinated is sowed in each hole, the seeds are horizontally placed, germs are downward, and seedlings are checked and supplemented in time within 5 days;

(4) seedbed management

The temperature is controlled to be about 25 ℃ to facilitate seedling emergence, water retention, ventilation and seedling hardening and prevent damping-off

Secondly, planting for diseases; preparation before cultivation

(1) Ground flat rice husk

Rice hulls are flatly paved on the ground, the thickness of the rice hulls is 10 centimeters, the rice hulls are flatly paved and then are rotary-tilled, and the rotary tillage depth of a soil layer is 15 centimeters, so that the rice hulls and the soil are fully and uniformly stirred;

(2) line laying for cultivation bed

Paying off according to the ridge bottom width and the ditch bottom width of 150 centimeters;

(3) cake applying fertilizer

Applying soybean cakes or 150 kg of rapeseed cakes to each mu, applying cake fertilizer strips to the center of the cake fertilizer application in the middle of the cultivation bed, and decomposing the cake fertilizer strips;

(4) edible mushroom leftover bits and pieces

5000 kilograms of crushed edible fungus leftovers are applied to each mu in the middle of the ridge surface, the edible fungus leftovers are 20 centimeters in transverse width at the middle of the ridge surface and mainly comprise leftovers of apricot spore mushrooms, mushrooms and the like; the edible fungus leftovers can be used after being crushed, piled, fermented and applied;

(5) cultivation tank manufacturing

According to the standard that the width of the ridge top is 30 centimeters and the height of the ridge top is 25 centimeters, firstly, a cultivation material is placed in the middle of the ridge, then, the rice hull soil mixed material at the bottom of the ditch is piled on two sides of the ridge top, so that a groove is formed in the center of the ridge, and the depth of the center of the groove is 10 centimeters;

(6) commercial organic fertilizer application

Applying 1000 m of commercial organic bacterial manure in the groove

Thirdly, fixing weight; cultivation of plants

Muskmelon seedling planting

When the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 center, a row of melons can be planted in the center of the ridge top in sunny days, and the planting distance is 20 centimeters;

fourth, field management

(1) Hose drip tape placement

And (3) laying hose drip tapes 10 cm away from the two sides of the melon respectively.

(2) Mulching film

Mulching films with the width of 80 centimeters are respectively paved on two sides of the melon rows, 5 centimeters are left on each side of the melon rows without covering the ground, and 10 centimeters of the two sides of the melon rows are not covered with the mulching films, so that the air exchange inside and outside the ridges is facilitated, the oxygen content in the ridges is increased, and the growth and development of root systems are promoted.

(3) Sweet melon seedling vine hanging device

6-7 true leaves of sweet melon seedlings, and hanging vines when head swinging is started; a row of melon vine 21, 3, 5, the first. Pruning before hanging tendrils, and spraying a bactericide in time after pruning;

(4) pruning

All the subsidiary vines except 13-16 sections of the melon vines are cut off, 1 leaf is reserved on the subsidiary vines of the prepared 13-16 sections of the fruit, all the grandchild vines are cut off, 25-28 sections of the subsidiary vines are cut off, 3-4 lateral buds are reserved after the cutting off, and the rest are cut off;

pruning and topping are preferably carried out in sunny days, and pruning and sprouting are not suitable in rainy days with high humidity;

(5) artificial pollination

The pollination effect is better when the pollination is started at 7 am and finished at 30 min at 11 am; selecting male flowers which open in the same day, removing petals, and slightly and uniformly smearing pollen of the male flowers on stigma of the female flowers; 6. bee pollination

Also can adopt the bee pollination, the requirement of bee pollination environment: the circumference of the melon greenhouse is 1000 meters, and no peculiar smell or pesticide is needed during the bee releasing period; pesticide does not need to be sprayed 7 days before bees are released in the greenhouse, and articles with strange odor are piled;

(7) management before flowering of muskmelon

Before the melon blooms, the pesticide with longer residual period, such as dichlorvos, dimethoate and the like, can not be used; during flowering period, the use of pesticides with strong toxicity such as imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos and the like is forbidden; if the pesticide is applied, biological pesticide or low-toxicity pesticide is selected as much as possible;

(8) snake gourd

Hanging the young melon in time when the young melon grows to 250 g, tying a knot with a string, pulling the knot upwards from the lower end of the fruit to a fruit handle, and hanging the melon to a position which is level to the joint of the sitting melon;

(9) liquid manure management

And 3 days after planting, adding 20 jin of compound fertilizer per mu for drip irrigation. Then, the need of fertilizer addition and drip irrigation is denied according to the growth vigor of the seedlings. Less water is needed in the seedling stage, the periphery of the root is kept moist by dripping water in the vine extending stage, the substrate is kept moist in the melon expanding stage, too dry is avoided, and excessive water supply is avoided, so that the split melon is easily caused; stopping dripping water one week before the melon is ripe;

(10) pest control

The prevention and treatment of main diseases and pests of the melons, such as damping-off, downy mildew, powdery mildew, gummy stem blight, root-knot nematodes, aphids, liriomyza sativae and the like are well carried out;

fifth, harvesting

The melon is cut off by scissors when the melon is picked, the stem is kept about 3 cm, the melon is taken lightly, and the surface of the melon is prevented from being scratched.