CN112005807A - Production method of grafted seedlings of cut flower Chinese roses - Google Patents
Production method of grafted seedlings of cut flower Chinese roses Download PDFInfo
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- CN112005807A CN112005807A CN202011047084.6A CN202011047084A CN112005807A CN 112005807 A CN112005807 A CN 112005807A CN 202011047084 A CN202011047084 A CN 202011047084A CN 112005807 A CN112005807 A CN 112005807A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of Chinese rose grafting, in particular to a method for producing a grafted seedling of a cut flower Chinese rose, which comprises the following steps: s1, stock production: the rootstocks comprise cuttage rootstocks and seedling rootstocks, seeds of the seedling rootstocks are subjected to seed stratification treatment at 0-5 ℃, 10% of the seeds begin to sprout and are sown in a seedbed or a hole tray, and soil planting is carried out after the seedlings are cultivated; s2, grafting: grafting the selected branches to rootstocks; s3, grafted seedling management: and (3) checking the survival condition 30 days after grafting, cutting the stock to remove the sprouts in time after grafting survival, cutting the stock at a position 1 cm above the scion buds of the seedling stock, and removing the stock sprouts. The stratification treatment is carried out on the seedling rootstocks at low temperature, so that the germination of seeds is facilitated. The seedbed seeding is carried out firstly, then the soil planting is carried out, high-quality seedling stocks can be selected during the planting, and the survival rate of the subsequent grafting is improved. After grafting is completed, the sprouts are removed in time, so that the absorption of the sprouts to the nutrition of the stock is reduced, and the development of the scion is influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of Chinese rose grafting, in particular to a production method of a grafted seedling of a cut flower Chinese rose.
Background
China rose is called queen of the flower, also called yuehong, Rosaceae. Evergreen, semi-evergreen and low shrub, and flowering in four seasons are generally red, pink, even white and yellow, can be used as ornamental plants and medicinal plants, and are also called China roses. One of the common artificial propagation methods for Chinese rose is grafting, that is, one of the vegetative reproduction in vegetative propagation. During grafting, the scion and the cambium of the stock are tightly combined to ensure the survival of the scion. The grafted branch or bud is called scion; the grafted plant is called stock or table wood. When scion is carried out, a seedling with 2 to 4 buds is generally selected, the grafted seedling becomes the upper part or the top of a plant body, and a stock becomes the root part of the plant body after grafting.
In the grafting process, the survival rate of the grafting is influenced by the stock in the early treatment and the later management.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing grafted seedlings of cut flower Chinese roses, which solves the problem that the survival rate of the grafted seedlings is influenced by improper treatment and later-stage management of stocks.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for producing grafted seedlings of cut flower Chinese roses comprises the following steps: s1, stock production: the rootstocks comprise cuttage rootstocks and seedling rootstocks, seeds of the seedling rootstocks are subjected to seed stratification treatment at 0-5 ℃, 10% of the seeds begin to sprout and are sown in a seedbed or a hole tray, and soil planting is carried out after the seedlings are cultivated; s2, grafting: selecting a grafting branch, and grafting the selected branch to a stock; s3, grafted seedling management: and (3) checking the survival condition 30 days after grafting, cutting the stock to remove the sprouts in time after grafting survival, cutting the stock at a position 1 cm above the scion buds of the seedling stock, and removing the stock sprouts.
The further technical scheme is that the cutting rootstock of the step S1 comprises thornless multiflower rose series, Chinese rose, dog rose and wild rose.
The further technical scheme is that the length of the cutting of the rootstock in the step S2 is kept between 15 cm and 20 cm, the thickness is not less than 5 mm, two cut buds are removed from the lower cutting opening of the cutting, the cutting seedling is cut into small sections, and two buds at the bottom of the branch are removed before cuttage.
In a further aspect, in the seedbed for the seedling stock of step S1, the seeding amount is 20 ml/square meter, the seedbed area is 2.5% of the seedling production area, and in the case of plug seedling, 1-2 seeds per hole are controlled to have a temperature of 10-25 ° C, and the substrate water-holding amount is 60-70%.
The further technical scheme is that the planting of the seedling stocks in the step S1 comprises soil deep ploughing, fertilizing, raking and ridging, wherein the ridge distance is 70-80 cm, the ridge height is 30-40 cm, the ridge width is 80-90 cm, 2 rows of seedling stocks are planted on each ridge, the row distance is 40-50 cm, and the plant spacing is 16-18 cm.
The further technical scheme is that the grafting comprises budding, grafting and cutting grafting, the budding comprises T-shaped budding, gate-shaped budding and new-patch budding, and the grafting is carried out in the dormancy season. The cuttage grafting scion for the cuttage grafting one-time seedling forming adopts the branch with exposed flower buds but not opened, the cuttage grafting scion keeps 2-3 buds, keeps two small leaves at the upper end, and shears the rest leaves and leaf stalks, the upper cut of the cuttage grafting scion is at the position of 0.5cm & lt lcm & gt above the uppermost bud, the lower cut is obliquely sheared at 45 degrees below the lowermost bud, the upper cut of the stock for the cuttage grafting one-time seedling forming adopts 45 degrees oblique shearing, the lower cut is flat shearing, the grafting cut is flat and undamaged, the cuttage grafting scion and the stock cut are directly grafted after being treated, the graft cut is stable by a clamp, and the stock is treated by a rooting agent and then enters a cuttage matrix.
The further technical scheme is that axillary buds growing in the middle section of branches for more than 10 days after blooming are selected as scions for bud grafting, branches with fully dormant branches are used as scions for branch grafting, and branches with exposed flower buds but not opened are used as the scions for cutting grafting when the cutting grafting is carried out for one-time seedling formation.
Further, the bud-graft used for bud grafting in step S2 is selected from flowering branches, leaves and skin thorn are removed, leaf stalks are preserved, the bud-graft is stored or inserted into clean water for direct use, the bud-graft is sterilized and then inserted into clean water during storage, and moisture-preserving storage is performed under the condition of 3-5-C for a storage time of no more than one week. A further technical scheme is that the branch grafting scion used for the branch grafting in the step S2 is formed by selecting a fully developed dormant branch, removing leaves and skin spines, directly used for grafting, flat and undamaged grafting cut, directly grafted after the branch grafting scion and the stock cut are processed, and the grafting cut is stable by using a grafting belt.
A further technical scheme is that in the step S3 grafted seedling management process, gray mold, downy mildew, powdery mildew, aphids and red spiders need to be controlled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the stratification treatment is carried out on the seedling rootstocks at low temperature, so that the germination of seeds is facilitated. The seedbed seeding is carried out firstly, then the soil planting is carried out, high-quality seedling stocks can be selected during the planting, and the survival rate of the subsequent grafting is improved. In the management process after grafting, the sprouting is removed in time, so that the absorption of the sprouting to the nutrition of the stock is reduced, and the development of the scion is influenced.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example (b):
a method for producing grafted seedlings of cut flower Chinese roses comprises the following steps: s1, stock production: the rootstocks comprise cuttage rootstocks and seedling rootstocks, seeds of the seedling rootstocks are subjected to seed stratification treatment at 0-5 ℃, 10% of the seeds begin to sprout and are sown in a seedbed or a hole tray, and soil planting is carried out after the seedlings are cultivated; s2, grafting: selecting a grafting branch, and grafting the selected branch to a stock; s3, grafted seedling management: and (3) checking the survival condition 30 days after grafting, cutting the stock to remove the sprouts in time after grafting survival, cutting the stock at a position 1 cm above the scion buds of the seedling stock, and removing the stock sprouts. Through selecting suitable scion to bud and blade on the scion are handled, have promoted the quality of scion, and scion cut 45 oblique scissors under the bottom bud, cut 45 oblique scissors on the stock, have promoted the area of contact of scion and stock, and the nutrition of being convenient for is supplied with, has promoted the survival rate. The cutting stock is selected from stocks which have good affinity with the scion, are suitable for the environmental conditions of a planting field and have strong stress resistance. The contact area of the interface between the scion and the stock is increased by 45-degree oblique shearing, and the stock is favorable for conveying nutrition to the scion.
The cutting rootstock of the step S1 comprises thornless multiflower rose series, Chinese rose, dog rose and wild rose.
The length of the cutting of the rootstock in the step S2 is kept between 15 cm and 20 cm, the thickness is not less than 5 mm, two cut buds are removed from the lower cutting of the cutting, the cutting seedling is cut into small sections, and the two buds at the bottom of the branch are removed before cutting. Two buds at the bottom are subtracted, so that the nutrition requirement of the scion is reduced, the survival rate of the scion in the early stage of grafting is improved, and meanwhile, the buds at the bottom are subtracted, so that the top advantage is promoted, and the top growth is facilitated.
In the seedbed for the seedling stock of step S1, the seeding rate is 20 ml/square meter, the seedbed area is 2.5% of the seedling production area, and in the case of plug seedling, the temperature is controlled to 10-25-C per hole for 1-2 grains, and the substrate water-holding amount is 60-70%. The grafting survival rate is improved by proper temperature and matrix water holding capacity. The sowing density can be properly adjusted according to the variety and the seed quality.
The planting of the seedling stocks in the step S1 comprises soil deep ploughing, fertilizing, fine raking and ridging, wherein the ridge distance is 70-80 cm, the ridge height is 30-40 cm, the ridge width is 80-90 cm, 2 rows of seedling stocks are planted on each ridge, the row distance is 40-50 cm, and the plant spacing is 16-18 cm. The planting distance is reasonably planned, and the single plant quality and the survival rate of the rootstock are improved.
The grafting comprises bud grafting, branch grafting and cutting grafting, the bud grafting comprises T-shaped bud grafting, gate-shaped bud grafting and new-patch bud grafting, and the branch grafting is carried out in a dormant season. The cuttage grafting scion of the cuttage grafting one-time seedling adopts the branch with exposed flower buds but not opened, the cuttage grafting scion keeps 2-3 buds, keeps two small leaves at the upper end, and shears the rest leaves and leaf stalks, the upper cut of the cuttage grafting scion is at the position of 0.5cm & lt/EN & gt above the uppermost bud, the lower cut is obliquely sheared at 45 degrees below the lowermost bud, the upper cut of the stock for the cuttage grafting one-time seedling adopts 45 degrees oblique shearing, the lower cut is flat shearing, the grafting cut is flat and undamaged, the cuttage grafting scion and the stock cut are directly grafted after being treated, the graft cut is stable by a clamp, and the stock is treated by a rooting agent and then is inserted into a substrate in a cuttage mode. And a high-quality plant is selected as the scion, so that the quality of the scion is improved. The grafting opening is generally better by adopting a clamp, and can also be fixed by adopting a special grafting belt due to better air permeability.
The bud grafting selects the axillary bud growing for more than 10 days after blooming as the scion, the branch fully dormant by the branch grafting is the branch grafting scion, and the branch with exposed flower bud but not opened is used as the cutting grafting scion for one-time seedling grafting. The scions are collected by selecting plants with typical variety characteristics, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth, and the survival rate of the scions is improved. In step S2, the bud-grafted scion used for bud grafting is selected from flowering branches, leaves and skin are removed, a leaf stalk is retained, the bud-grafted scion is stored or inserted into clean water for direct use, the bud-grafted scion is sterilized and then inserted into clean water during storage, and the bud-grafted scion is stored in a moisture-preserving manner under the condition of 3-5 ℃, and the storage time is not more than one week. Low-temperature moisture preservation and storage are beneficial to prolonging the storage time.
The branch graft used for the branch grafting in the step S2 is obtained by selecting a fully developed dormant branch, removing leaves and skin thorn, directly used for grafting, the grafting cut is flat and free of damage, the grafting is directly performed after the branch graft and the stock cut are processed, and the grafting opening can be stabilized by a special grafting belt or a clamp. For example, during storage, the scions are sterilized and then stored in wet sand, with the temperature maintained-5-0C. Low-temperature moisture preservation and storage are beneficial to prolonging the storage time.
In the process of S3 seedling inoculation management, attention needs to be paid to control gray mold, downy mildew, powdery mildew, aphids and red spiders. The method for preventing and treating powdery mildew comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that disease-resistant varieties are selected, ventilation of the greenhouse is enhanced, the temperature is not too high, the humidity of the greenhouse is reduced, balanced fertilization is carried out to avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is properly applied, new diseased leaves and diseased branches are removed at any time, the infection source is reduced, greenhouse opening at night is favorable for reducing the propagation speed of germs, the pesticide is sprayed every 7-10 days for prevention and control, and the pesticide can be sprayed twice per week in the disease peak period. A common medicament treatment method for powdery mildew comprises the following steps: 5000 times of 40% fluorosilicone Fluslidazole emulsifiable concentrate; 2000 times of 20 percent triazolone Triadimefon missible oil; 12.5 percent of Myclobutanil emulsifiable solution 3000 times of solution; 1000 times of 3% Polyoxin aqueous solution; 1000 times of 5 percent of alkene oxime amine emulsifiable concentrate; 1500 times of 25% kresoxim-methyl emulsifiable concentrate; 1500 times of 25 percent Prochloraz Prochloreaz missible oil solution; 50% Carbendazim Carbendazim wettable powder 600 times liquid; 1000 times of solution of 70% Thiophanate methyl wettable powder; 75% Chlorothalonil and 500 times of Chlorothalonil wettable powder; sulfur fumigation can be carried out by burning with medicinal bag or sulfur fumigator. Particularly, the linza zinc Mancozeb has no obvious effect on preventing and treating powdery mildew, the triazole fungicide has a certain inhibiting effect on plant growth, the spraying time is noticed, both thiophanate methyl and carbendazim are easy to generate resistance, the thiophanate methyl and the carbendazim belong to the same type of pesticide, the thiophanate methyl is absorbed by plants and then converted into the carbendazim, the thiophanate methyl and the carbendazim cannot be mixed and used alternately, and due to the mutual resistance of the thiophanate methyl and the carbendazim, the prochloraz, the flusilazole and the carbendazim have synergistic effect when mixed. The gray mold control method comprises the following steps: the air humidity of the greenhouse is reduced, the leaf surface wetting time is shortened, the greenhouse is ventilated with attention, diseased branches are removed in time and cut off from a place which is a few centimeters below a diseased part, the infection source is reduced, and the greenhouse adopts a selective light-transmitting film to replace a common plastic film, so that the occurrence of gray mold can be reduced to a certain extent. At the initial stage of occurrence, all cuts are required to be sprayed with pesticide for protection, the pesticide is sprayed once every 7-10 days for prevention and control, and the pesticide can be sprayed twice a week at the peak period of occurrence. The common medicament treatment method for gray mold comprises the following steps: 1000 times of 3% Polyoxin aqueous solution; 1000 times of solution of 40% Dimetachlone wettable powder; 1000 times of liquid of 50% Cyprodinil water dispersible granules; 20% Pyrimethanil wettable powder 500 times liquid; 1000 times of liquid of 50% Iprodione wettable powder; 1000 times of liquid of 50% Procymidone wettable powder; 50% vinlonil Vinclozolin wettable powder 1000 times liquid; 50% Carbendazim Carbendazim wettable powder 600 times liquid; 1000 times of solution of 70% Thiophanate methyl wettable powder; 50% wettable powder of Carbendazim and Diethofencarb (500 times liquid). Particularly, the dimethachlon has a certain inhibiting effect on plant growth, particularly has obvious influence on plant flowering and fruiting, the three medicines of procymidone, vinclozolin and iprodione belong to the same type of pesticides, are easy to generate resistance and are not suitable for simultaneous use and alternate use, the Diethofencarb (Diethofencarb) is easy to generate resistance, the use times are not too large, and the Diethofencarb is not generally used as a single agent and is mixed with carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl or prochloraz and other agents to prevent and treat gray mold. A downy mildew control method comprises the following steps: high temperature and high humidity are avoided, the leaf surface moisturizing time is shortened, the air humidity is controlled, more windows are opened for ventilation, the pesticide is sprayed every 7-10 days for prevention and treatment, and the pesticide can be sprayed twice a week in the peak period of disease attack. Common medicament treatment methods for downy mildew comprise: 69% Dimethomorph ytterbium zinc Dimethomorph + Mancozeb wettable powder 1000 times liquid; 58% Metalaxyl manganese zinc Metalaxyl + Mancozeb wettable powder 800 times liquid; 72.2% Propamocarb hydrochloride Propamocarb aqueous solution 800 times; 80% Mancozeb wettable powder 500 times liquid; 80% Zineb wettable powder 500 times liquid; 72% Cymoxanil, zinc Cymoxanil and Mancozeb wettable powder 600 times liquid; 64% Oxadixyl manganese zinc Oxadixyl + Mancozeb wettable powder 500 times liquid; 1500 times of 25% kresoxim-methyl emulsifiable concentrate; one thousandth of monopotassium Phosphate Monobasic Potassium Phosphate phospate solution; 77% can obtain 600 times of solution of the Copper wettable powder. Particularly, thiophanate methyl and carbendazim have unobvious control effects on downy mildew, metalaxyl manganese zinc is easy to generate resistance, is not suitable for continuous use and should be used alternately with other medicaments, but is not suitable for being mixed with other pesticides, and propamocarb hydrochloride generates resistance and should be used alternately with other medicaments. The prevention and control method of aphids and red spiders comprises the following steps: coating heavy oil on a yellow plastic plate and inducing adhesion; can also be killed by natural enemies such as ladybug, aphid lion, aphid and ichneumon fly, and can also be controlled by medicaments. The treatment method of the common medicament comprises the following steps: 5% of Imidacloprid Imidacloprid emulsifiable 2000 times solution; 2000 times of Acetamiprid missible oil with the concentration of 3 percent; 2000 times of emulsion of 48 percent Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate; 25% Thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam wettable powder 5000 times liquid; 2500 times of 50% Pymetrozine wettable powder. In particular, the frequent use of imidacloprid is susceptible to resistance, is ineffective against nematodes and red spiders, and is not suitable for spraying in strong sunlight to avoid a reduction in efficacy.
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More specifically, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure and claims of this application. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing grafted seedlings of cut flower Chinese roses is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, stock production: the rootstocks comprise cuttage rootstocks and seedling rootstocks, seeds of the seedling rootstocks are subjected to seed stratification treatment at 0-5 ℃, 10% of the seeds begin to sprout and are sown in a seedbed or a hole tray, and soil planting is carried out after the seedlings are cultivated;
s2, grafting: selecting a grafting branch, and grafting the selected branch to a stock;
s3, grafted seedling management: and (3) checking the survival condition 30 days after grafting, cutting the stock to remove the sprouts in time after grafting survival, cutting the stock at a position 1 cm above the scion buds of the seedling stock, and removing the stock sprouts.
2. The method for producing a graft of a cut flower rose according to claim 1, wherein: the cutting rootstock of the step S1 comprises thornless multiflower rose series, Chinese rose, dog rose and wild rose.
3. The method for producing a graft of a cut flower rose according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the cutting of the rootstock in the step S2 is kept between 15 cm and 20 cm, the thickness is not less than 5 mm, two cut buds are removed from the lower cutting of the cutting, the cutting seedling is cut into small sections, and two buds at the bottom of the branch are removed before cutting.
4. The method for producing a graft of a cut flower rose according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, when the seedbed is used for the seedling stock, the seeding rate is 20 ml/square meter, the area of the seedbed is 2.5% of the seedling production area, and when the seedling is grown in the hole tray, 1-2 grains per hole are controlled to have a temperature of 10-25 ℃, and the water content of the substrate is 60-70%.
5. The method for producing a graft of a cut flower rose according to claim 1, wherein: the planting of the seedling stocks in the step S1 comprises soil deep ploughing, fertilizing, fine raking and ridging, wherein the ridge distance is 70-80 cm, the ridge height is 30-40 cm, the ridge width is 80-90 cm, 2 rows of seedling stocks are planted on each ridge, the row distance is 40-50 cm, and the plant spacing is 16-18 cm.
6. The method for producing a graft of a cut flower rose according to claim 1, wherein: the grafting comprises bud grafting, branch grafting and cutting grafting, the bud grafting comprises T-shaped bud grafting, gate-shaped bud grafting and new patch bud grafting, and the branch grafting is carried out in a dormant season;
the cuttage grafting scion of the cuttage grafting one-time seedling adopts a branch with exposed flower buds but not opened, the cuttage grafting scion keeps 2-3 buds, keeps two small leaves at the upper end, and shears other leaves and leaf stalks, an upper cut of the cuttage grafting scion is at a position of 0.5cm & lt lcm & gt above the uppermost bud, a lower cut is obliquely sheared at an angle of 45 degrees below the lowermost bud, a cut used for the cuttage grafting one-time seedling adopts 45-degree oblique shearing on the stock, the lower cut is flat shearing, the grafting cut is flat and undamaged, the cuttage grafting scion and the stock cut are directly grafted after being treated, the graft cut is stable through a clamp, and the stock is cut into a substrate after being treated by a rooting agent.
7. The method for producing a grafted seedling of a cut flower rose according to claim 6, wherein: the bud grafting adopts the axillary bud growing for more than 10 days after blooming and thick in the middle section of the branch as the scion, the branch fully dormant by the branch grafting is the branch grafting scion, and the branch with exposed flower bud but not opened is adopted as the cutting grafting scion for one-time seedling formation of the cutting grafting.
8. The method for producing a grafted seedling of a cut flower rose according to claim 6, wherein: in the step S2, the bud graft used for bud grafting is selected from flowering branches, leaves and skin are removed, a leaf stalk is retained, the bud graft is stored or inserted into fresh water for direct use, the bud graft is sterilized and then inserted into fresh water during storage, and the bud graft is stored in moist condition at 3-5 ℃, and the storage time is not more than one week.
9. The method for producing a grafted seedling of a cut flower rose according to claim 6, wherein: the grafting scion used for the branch grafting in the step S2 is obtained by selecting a fully developed dormant branch, removing leaves and skin thorn, directly used for grafting, the grafting cut is flat and free of damage, the grafting scion and the stock cut are directly grafted after being treated, and the grafting opening is stabilized by a grafting belt.
10. The method for producing a graft of a cut flower rose according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the grafted seedlings need to be prevented and treated from gray mold, downy mildew, powdery mildew, aphids and red spiders.
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2020
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CN104082043A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-10-08 | 安徽百卉园林有限公司 | Method for rapid propagation and timely flowering of China rose |
CN106258592A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-04 | 南阳月季基地 | A kind of grafting-cuttage propagation method of Chinese rose |
CN107231951A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-10-10 | 南京欧堡利亚农业科技有限公司 | Short dry potted tree Chinese rose fast breeding method |
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