CN111982854A - Substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing and analysis test method - Google Patents
Substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing and analysis test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a substance terahertz spectrum analysis device and an analysis test method based on frequency division multiplexing, belonging to the technical field of substance terahertz spectrum analysis.A terahertz receiving and transmitting module is excited by a frequency division multiplexing microwave signal to transmit a terahertz signal, and the terahertz signal is received and reflected and sent to a computing module; the first transmission control module carries out beam shaping on the terahertz signal; the second transmission control module carries out wave division directional transmission on the transmission terahertz wave signal; the frequency division multiplexing local oscillator signal excitation terahertz wave detection module detects a transmission terahertz wave signal and sends the transmission terahertz wave signal to the calculation module; and the calculation module is used for calculating and processing the reflected terahertz wave signal and the transmitted terahertz wave signal to obtain the terahertz wave spectrum of the substance to be detected. According to the terahertz wave spectrum power amplifier, the resolution of the terahertz wave spectrum is improved, the output power of a terahertz signal is improved, and the output power range is expanded; synchronous acquisition of the transmission terahertz spectrum and the reflection terahertz spectrum is realized; and the full-electronic high-resolution terahertz spectrum analysis is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of substance terahertz spectrum analysis, in particular to a substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing and an analysis test method.
Background
Most substances in nature have obvious response in a terahertz frequency band, such as vibration and rotation energy levels of a plurality of biomacromolecules, and phonon vibration energy levels of semiconductors, superconducting materials and the like are in the terahertz frequency band; many large material molecular vibration spectra have many characteristic absorption peaks in terahertz wave bands. Based on the above facts, terahertz waves become an electromagnetic medium for finding and recognizing substances.
At present, the most common substance terahertz spectrum analysis technology mainly uses a terahertz time-domain spectrometer and a fourier transform spectrometer, both of which use a laser source as a broadband light source, and obtain a time-domain waveform of a spectrum in a time-domain measurement mode by using time delay, and then obtain frequency-domain information by using fourier transform.
However, the two terahertz spectrum analyzers have many defects, mainly including: the frequency spectrum resolution is low (both are several GHz), and higher frequency spectrum resolution precision can be obtained only by increasing the time domain scanning length, so that the instrument has frequency spectrum precision limit, the conditions required by the instrument at the edge of the frequency spectrum are very strict, and the signal-to-noise ratio is difficult to ensure; limited by a wide spectrum source, and a small dynamic range (the dynamic range of the two ranges from 20 dB to 30 dB); the terahertz signal power is low (generally in the order of μ W), and the like.
The structure and the composition of the substance to be detected cannot be fully known due to the defects, the stability of the identification result can be influenced by the differences of the detection part, the detection environment and the individual character of the substance to be detected, the sample of the substance to be detected must be kept strictly consistent during the test, otherwise, the detection result may have larger deviation; and only the transition information of electrons in the molecules of the substance and the vibration level information of a specific bonding structure can be tested, the weak interaction between the molecules in the substance and the collective vibration and rotation information of the molecules cannot be measured, and the application requirement of the terahertz spectrum fine test of the substance cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing and an analysis and test method, which have the advantages of high terahertz spectrum resolution, wide output power range and realization of full-electronic high-resolution terahertz spectrum analysis, so as to solve at least one technical problem in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing, including:
the signal source module generates frequency division multiplexing microwave signals and corresponding frequency division multiplexing local oscillator signals;
the terahertz transceiving module is excited by the frequency division multiplexing microwave signal to transmit a terahertz signal, receives the terahertz signal reflected by the substance to be detected and transmits the terahertz signal to the computing module;
the first transmission control module is used for performing beam shaping on the terahertz signals transmitted by the terahertz transceiving module, realizing the conversion from Gaussian divergent beams to structured terahertz beams and transmitting the converted terahertz beams to a substance to be detected;
the second transmission control module is used for carrying out wave division and directional transmission on the terahertz wave signal penetrating through the substance to be detected to the terahertz wave detection module;
the terahertz wave detection module is excited by the frequency division multiplexing local oscillator signal to detect the received terahertz wave signal and then sends the terahertz wave signal to the calculation module;
and the calculation module is used for calculating the terahertz wave signal reflected by the substance to be detected and the terahertz signal transmitted by the substance to be detected to obtain the terahertz wave spectrum of the substance to be detected.
Preferably, the terahertz transceiver module comprises a plurality of terahertz transceiver units, each terahertz transceiver unit comprises a standard rectangular metal waveguide frequency band, the plurality of terahertz wave signals are transmitted by multi-band spliced frequency division multiplexing microwave signals, and the terahertz wave signals reflected by the substance to be detected are received and transmitted to the computing module.
Preferably, the first transmission control unit comprises a shaping unit and a beam combining unit;
the shaping unit is used for carrying out beam shaping on a plurality of terahertz wave signals transmitted by the terahertz transmitting-receiving integrated unit to realize the conversion from Gaussian divergent beams to structured terahertz beams;
the beam combining unit is used for completing phase control, amplitude control, reflection and transmission of terahertz beams.
Preferably, a first ultra-wideband lens is arranged between the beam combining unit and the substance to be detected, and the first ultra-wideband lens is used for focusing incident terahertz waves on the substance to be detected and simultaneously completing transmission of terahertz wave signals reflected by the substance to be detected.
Preferably, the second transmission control unit comprises a beam splitting unit and a directional transmission unit;
the beam splitting unit enables terahertz wave signals transmitted by the substance to be detected to be transmitted according to a plurality of paths of different frequency splitting beams;
the directional transmission unit is used for directionally transmitting the terahertz wave signals transmitted by the plurality of paths of different frequency sub-beams to the terahertz detection module.
Preferably, a second ultra-wideband lens is arranged between the beam splitting unit and the substance to be measured, and the second ultra-wideband lens is used for shaping and parallel transmitting the terahertz wave signal transmitted by the substance to be measured.
Preferably, the terahertz wave detection module includes a plurality of terahertz detectors, each terahertz detector has a standard rectangular metal waveguide frequency band, and under excitation of a frequency division multiplexing local oscillator signal, the terahertz wave detection module detects a plurality of terahertz wave signals transmitted through a substance to be detected and sends the terahertz wave signals to the calculation module.
Preferably, the shaping unit is composed of a pair of diffractive phase plates;
the beam combination unit consists of a polarizer, a beam splitter and a reflecting surface;
the polarizer is used for phase regulation and amplitude regulation of the terahertz wave beam;
the beam splitter is used for realizing the reflection and transmission of terahertz wave signals of different terahertz frequency bands;
the reflecting surface is used for realizing adjustment and control of a transmission path for transmitting the terahertz wave signal.
Preferably, the beam splitting unit is composed of a pair of dispersive devices;
the directional transmission unit consists of a beam splitter, a reflecting surface and a directional lens;
the directional lens is used for directionally transmitting the terahertz wave signals transmitted by the plurality of paths of substances to be detected to the corresponding terahertz detectors respectively.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a method for performing terahertz spectrum analysis test of a substance using the terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing, including:
step S110: initializing a system: setting the number of output signal paths, initial frequency, cut-off frequency, signal power, signal scanning times and stepping interval of a signal source module; setting the sampling frequency and the acquisition time of a terahertz wave signal reflected by a substance to be detected; setting the sampling frequency and the acquisition time of a terahertz wave signal reflected by a substance to be detected;
step S120: reference signal acquisition: collecting a reflected terahertz wave signal and a transmitted terahertz wave signal in a state without a substance to be detected, and transmitting the signals to a calculation module as reference signals;
step S130: collecting a sample signal: collecting a reflected terahertz wave signal and a transmitted terahertz wave signal in a state of a substance to be detected, and transmitting the signals to a computing module as reference signals;
step S140: analyzing a substance to be detected: according to the obtained reference signal and the sample signal, the calculation module extracts a reflection terahertz spectrum and a transmission terahertz spectrum of the substance to be detected through a built-in terahertz characteristic spectrum extraction algorithm;
step S150: and according to the reflection terahertz spectrum and the transmission terahertz spectrum of the substance to be detected, calling a terahertz spectrum database to realize qualitative and quantitative analysis and category test of the substance to be detected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the resolution of the terahertz wave spectrum is improved to an Hz magnitude (optimally 1Hz) from a several GHz magnitude, is improved by 6-9 magnitudes, and is adjustable between 1Hz and 1 kHz; terahertz signal output power is 10-6W is lifted to 10-31W, 3-4 orders of magnitude improvement; the dynamic range is improved to 30-40 dB from 20-30 dB; the resolution of the terahertz wave spectrum is set independently, and the setting range is 1 Hz-1 kHz; synchronous acquisition of a transmission terahertz spectrum and a reflection terahertz spectrum of a sample to be detected is realized; and the full-electronic high-resolution terahertz spectrum analysis is realized.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a substance terahertz spectrum analysis apparatus based on frequency division multiplexing according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a substance terahertz spectrum analysis apparatus based on frequency division multiplexing according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a first transmission control module of the substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a second transmission control module of the substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a substance terahertz spectrum analysis apparatus based on frequency division multiplexing according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below by way of the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
In the description of this patent, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for the convenience of describing the patent and for the simplicity of description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the patent.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further explained by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the drawings are merely schematic representations of embodiments and that the elements shown in the drawings are not necessarily required to practice the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention includes:
the signal source module generates frequency division multiplexing microwave signals and corresponding frequency division multiplexing local oscillator signals; the microwave signal is used for exciting the terahertz receiving and transmitting module to transmit the terahertz wave signal, and the local oscillator signal is used for exciting the terahertz wave detection module to detect the transmitted terahertz wave signal.
The terahertz receiving and transmitting module is excited by the frequency division multiplexing microwave signal to transmit a terahertz signal, receives the terahertz wave signal reflected by the substance to be detected and transmits the terahertz wave signal to the calculating module.
The terahertz receiving and transmitting module comprises a plurality of terahertz receiving and transmitting integrated units, each terahertz receiving and transmitting integrated unit comprises a standard rectangular metal waveguide frequency band, the plurality of terahertz wave signals are transmitted through multi-band spliced frequency division multiplexing microwave signals, and the terahertz wave signals reflected by a substance to be detected are received and transmitted to the computing module.
The first transmission control module is used for carrying out beam shaping on the terahertz signals transmitted by the terahertz transceiving module, realizing the conversion from Gaussian divergent beams to structured terahertz beams and transmitting the converted terahertz signals to a substance to be detected.
The first transmission control unit comprises a shaping unit and a beam combining unit; the shaping unit is used for carrying out beam shaping on a plurality of terahertz wave signals transmitted by the terahertz transmitting-receiving integrated unit to realize the conversion from Gaussian divergent beams to structured terahertz beams; the beam combining unit is used for completing phase control, amplitude control, reflection and transmission of terahertz beams.
And a first ultra-wideband lens is arranged between the beam combining unit and the substance to be detected and used for focusing incident terahertz waves on the substance to be detected and simultaneously completing transmission of terahertz wave signals reflected by the substance to be detected.
And the second transmission control module is used for carrying out wave division and directional transmission on the terahertz wave signal penetrating through the substance to be detected to the terahertz wave detection module.
The second transmission control unit comprises a beam splitting unit and a directional transmission unit; the beam splitting unit enables terahertz wave signals transmitted by the substance to be detected to be transmitted according to a plurality of paths of different frequency splitting beams; the directional transmission unit is used for directionally transmitting the terahertz wave signals transmitted by the plurality of paths of different frequency sub-beams to the terahertz detection module.
And a second ultra-wideband lens is arranged between the beam splitting unit and the substance to be detected and is used for shaping and parallelly transmitting the terahertz wave signal transmitted by the substance to be detected.
The terahertz wave detection module is excited by the frequency division multiplexing local oscillator signal to detect the received terahertz wave signal and then sends the terahertz wave signal to the calculation module.
The terahertz wave detection module comprises a plurality of terahertz detectors, each terahertz detector is provided with a standard rectangular metal waveguide frequency band, and under the excitation of a frequency division multiplexing local oscillator signal, the terahertz wave detection module realizes the detection of a plurality of terahertz wave signals transmitted by a substance to be detected and sends the terahertz wave signals to the calculation module.
And the calculation module is used for calculating the terahertz wave signal reflected by the substance to be detected and the terahertz signal transmitted by the substance to be detected to obtain the terahertz wave spectrum of the substance to be detected.
In embodiment 1 of the present invention, when the substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing is used for a substance terahertz spectrum analysis test, the method includes the following steps:
step S110: initializing a system: setting the number of output signal paths, initial frequency, cut-off frequency, signal power, signal scanning times and stepping interval of a signal source module; setting the sampling frequency and the acquisition time of a terahertz wave signal reflected by a substance to be detected; setting the sampling frequency and the acquisition time of a terahertz wave signal reflected by a substance to be detected;
step S120: reference signal acquisition: collecting a reflected terahertz wave signal and a transmitted terahertz wave signal in a state without a substance to be detected, and transmitting the signals to a calculation module as reference signals;
step S130: collecting a sample signal: collecting a reflected terahertz wave signal and a transmitted terahertz wave signal in a state of a substance to be detected, and transmitting the signals to a computing module as reference signals;
step S140: analyzing a substance to be detected: according to the obtained reference signal and the sample signal, the calculation module extracts a reflection terahertz spectrum and a transmission terahertz spectrum of the substance to be detected through a built-in terahertz characteristic spectrum extraction algorithm;
step S150: and according to the reflection terahertz spectrum and the transmission terahertz spectrum of the substance to be detected, calling a terahertz spectrum database to realize qualitative and quantitative analysis and category test of the substance to be detected.
Example 2
Aiming at the defects of the existing terahertz spectrum analyzer, the terahertz spectrum analyzer based on frequency division multiplexing provided by the embodiment 2 of the invention provides a basis for researching qualitative and quantitative analysis and accurate detection and identification of categories of substance components based on terahertz spectrum fine extraction.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a substance terahertz spectrum analysis apparatus based on frequency division multiplexing according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing mainly includes a multifunctional microwave signal source, a terahertz transceiver unit, a transmission control unit 1, a sample chamber, a transmission control unit 2, a terahertz detection unit, a multi-channel data acquisition unit, a server, a controller, and the like.
The multifunctional microwave signal source is used as a signal source module and can generate M paths of frequency division multiplexing microwave signals and M paths of frequency division multiplexing local oscillator signals, and the M paths of frequency division multiplexing microwave signals are used as excitation signals of a terahertz receiving and transmitting unit (a terahertz receiving and transmitting module); taking the M paths of frequency division multiplexing local oscillation signals as local oscillation signals of a terahertz detection unit (terahertz detection module); the frequency range, stepping interval, power, frequency sweep frequency and other parameters of each signal can be freely set according to the requirement.
In practical application, the multifunctional microwave signal source is used as M paths of frequency division multiplexing microwave signals and M paths of frequency division multiplexing local oscillator signals generated by the signal source module, wherein M is greater than or equal to 1, and a person skilled in the art can select appropriate M paths according to actual requirements.
The terahertz receiving and transmitting unit (terahertz receiving and transmitting module) comprises M highly-integrated terahertz receiving and transmitting integrated modules (terahertz receiving and transmitting integrated units), each terahertz receiving and transmitting integrated module is provided with a standard rectangular metal waveguide frequency band, and is used for transmitting full terahertz waveband signals covering 0.05-1.5 THz or even higher frequency bands through multiband splicing frequency division multiplexing seamless non-overlapping coverage and detecting terahertz signals reflected by a sample to be detected.
The terahertz wave transmitting frequency resolution can be freely set within the range of 1Hz to 1kHz as required, the terahertz wave transmitting-receiving integrated module can simultaneously detect the amplitude and phase information of the reflection signal of the substance to be detected, the amplitude information can realize the qualitative analysis of the reflection characteristics of the sample to be detected, and the phase information can assist in realizing the quantitative analysis of the sample to be detected.
In practical application, the standard rectangular metal waveguide frequency band of each terahertz transceiving integrated module is subjected to multi-band splicing frequency division multiplexing transmission of full terahertz band signals, so that the frequency band or the expanded frequency band can be freely selected according to actual requirements, and the 1.5THz frequency band can be realized.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a first transmission control module of the substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
In this embodiment 2, when M is selected to be 7, the configuration of the terahertz transmission control unit 1 is shown in fig. 3. The transmission control unit 1 (first transmission control module) includes a shaping unit and a beam combining unit. The shaping unit consists of a pair of diffraction phase plates working at different wave bands and is used for carrying out beam shaping on terahertz signals generated by the M terahertz transmitting-receiving integrated units and realizing conversion from Gaussian divergent beams to structured terahertz beams without obvious diffraction behaviors.
The frequency of the terahertz signal generated by the terahertz transmitting-receiving integrated unit is seamless and non-overlapping and covers 0.05-1.5 THz, and even a higher frequency band (the frequency band can be freely selected or expanded according to actual requirements) is within the frequency band.
The beam combination unit consists of polarizers (gratings) working at different wave bands, a beam splitter and a reflecting surface. The polarizer (grating) is used for regulating and controlling the phase and the amplitude of the terahertz wave beam, and the accurate regulation and control of the terahertz wave beam are realized. The beam splitter is used for realizing the reflection and transmission behaviors of different terahertz frequency bands. The reflecting surface is used as an auxiliary device to realize accurate control of terahertz wave propagation.
In order to adjust the position of a substance to be measured, so that an emitted terahertz signal can be more accurately focused on a certain fixed point of the substance to be measured, a transmitted terahertz signal can be accurately transmitted to the second ultra-wideband lens through the substance to be measured, and a reflected terahertz wave signal can be accurately reflected to the first ultra-wideband lens, in this embodiment, a sample chamber is provided, the first ultra-wideband lens and the second ultra-wideband lens are arranged in the sample chamber, and the first ultra-wideband lens and the second ultra-wideband lens can move in the position in the sample chamber to adjust the proper position.
A sample table for placing a substance to be detected is arranged between the first ultra-wideband lens and the second ultra-wideband lens, the substance to be detected is placed on the sample table, the terahertz waves transmitted through the substance to be detected are transmitted on the second ultra-wideband lens, and the terahertz waves reflected by the substance to be detected are incident on the first ultra-wideband lens.
The sample chamber is used for extracting the terahertz characteristic spectrum of the substance to be detected. As shown in fig. 2, the sample chamber mainly comprises an ultra-wideband lens 1 (a first ultra-wideband lens), a two-dimensional mobile station 1, a three-dimensional sample stage, an ultra-wideband lens 2 (a second ultra-wideband lens), a two-dimensional mobile station 2, and the like.
The ultra-wideband lens 1 is used for focusing incident terahertz waves on a certain fixed point of a substance to be detected and simultaneously realizing transmission control of reflected terahertz waves. The two-dimensional mobile station 1 is used for controlling the position of the ultra-wideband lens 1, and the two-dimensional mobile station 1 is a device in the prior art, such as an MTS series mobile station; the three-dimensional sample table is used for controlling the substance to be detected to perform high-precision three-dimensional rotation, and is also equipment in the prior art, such as an MTS (methanol to methane) series mobile table; the ultra-wideband lens 2 is used for transmitting terahertz wave shaping to perform parallel propagation; the two-dimensional moving stage 2 is used to control the position of the ultra-wideband lens 2.
And the controller is used for controlling the two-dimensional moving platform 1, the two-dimensional moving platform 2 and the three-position sample platform to adjust the positions of the first ultra-wideband lens, the substance to be detected and the second ultra-wideband lens.
The first ultra-wideband lens, the substance to be detected and the second ultra-wideband lens can be located at proper positions through the cooperation of the two-dimensional mobile platform 1, the three-dimensional sample platform and the two-dimensional mobile platform 2, so that terahertz waves emitted by the beam combining unit can be accurately and sequentially incident on the first ultra-wideband lens, the substance to be detected, the second ultra-wideband lens and the beam splitting unit through the second ultra-wideband lens.
The transmission control unit 2 (second transmission control module) includes two parts, a beam splitting unit and a control unit (directional transmission unit). In the embodiment 2, when M is selected to be 7, the second transmission control module has the structure shown in fig. 4.
The beam splitting unit consists of a pair of dispersion devices and is used for realizing the transmission of the terahertz wave beams according to different frequencies. The control unit consists of a beam splitter, a reflecting surface and a lens and is used for realizing the directional transmission of the space dispersion terahertz waves to the terahertz detection unit.
The terahertz detection unit comprises M high-sensitivity terahertz detectors, each terahertz detector has a standard rectangular metal waveguide frequency band, high-sensitivity detection of full-band terahertz signals of 0.05-1.5 THz and even higher frequency bands (the frequency bands can be freely selected or the frequency bands can be expanded according to actual requirements) can be realized under excitation of local oscillation signals provided by a microwave signal source, and the terahertz signals are processed through frequency mixing down-conversion low-noise amplification and the like to obtain intermediate-frequency signals. The terahertz detection module can simultaneously obtain the amplitude and phase information of the sample to be detected.
In this embodiment 2, in order to realize the acquisition of the terahertz wave signal reflected by the substance to be detected, a multi-path data acquisition unit is connected between the terahertz wave transmitting and receiving integrated unit and the computing module, and the multi-path data acquisition unit includes hardware devices such as a high-speed ADC module and a high-performance FPGA, so as to realize the high-speed acquisition of the terahertz wave signal reflected by the substance to be detected.
Similarly, in order to realize the acquisition of the terahertz wave signal transmitted by the substance to be detected, a multi-path data acquisition unit is connected between the terahertz wave detection device and the calculation module, so that the high-speed acquisition of the terahertz wave signal transmitted by the substance to be detected is realized.
In this embodiment 2, the calculation module is executed in the server, and the server is internally provided with a control command and a signal processing core algorithm for processing the reflected signal and the transmitted signal of the sample to be measured, so as to obtain the terahertz spectrum of the sample to be measured in any waveband within the 0.05 to 1.5THz frequency band, and be used in the fields of sample qualitative and quantitative analysis, sample category identification, and the like. The server is also internally stored with a terahertz spectrum database, and the terahertz spectrum database is called to be compared with the terahertz spectrum of the substance to be detected obtained through the calculation module, so that qualitative and quantitative analysis is carried out on the substance to be detected.
In this embodiment 2, when the substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing according to embodiment 2 of the present invention is used for substance terahertz spectrum analysis, the following operation steps are included:
A. system initialization
(1) Output signal path number M and start-stop frequency f of multifunctional microwave signal sourcel-fhSignal power pi(i ═ 1, …, M), the number of signal scans j, the step interval, and other parameters n;
(2) setting the sampling frequency f of the terahertz signal reflected by the multi-channel data acquisition unit 1s1Time period t of collection1The like;
(3) setting the sampling frequency f of the transmission terahertz signal of the multi-channel data acquisition unit 2s2Time period t of collection2The like;
(4) setting the three-axis movement rate (v) of the sample room three-dimensional sample stage xyzx，vy，vz) (ii) a Position (p)x，py，pz)；
(5) Under the unified control of the server, optical devices such as a lens, a beam splitter, a reflecting surface and the like in the transmission control unit 1, the sample chamber and the transmission control unit 2 are automatically adjusted to a signal accurate transmission control state.
B. Reference signal acquisition
The three-dimensional sample table is in an empty state, the wave spectrum analyzer is in a working state, and the three-dimensional sample table records the reflected terahertz wave and the transmitted terahertz wave in the empty state respectively as w1And w2And storing the data to a server.
C. Sample signal acquisition
(1) Repeating the relevant processing of the step (5) in the step A;
(2) placing a sample to be tested on a three-dimensional sample table, and placing the sample to be tested in an effective area through a turntable controller;
(3) the wave spectrum analyzer is in a working state, and respectively records the reflection terahertz wave and the transmission terahertz wave in a vacant state as s1And s2And storing the data to a server.
D. Sample analysis
(1) The server obtains the reference signal w according to1、w2And a sample signal s1、s2Extracting a reflection terahertz spectrum and a transmission terahertz spectrum of a sample to be detected according to a terahertz characteristic spectrum extraction algorithm built in a server;
(2) and according to the reflection terahertz spectrum and the transmission terahertz spectrum of the sample to be tested, the qualitative and quantitative analysis and the category test of the sample to be tested are realized by calling a terahertz spectrum database built in a server.
Example 3
In embodiment 3 of the present invention, the provided substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing provides a basis for studying qualitative and quantitative analysis of substance components and accurate detection and identification of categories based on fine extraction of terahertz spectrum.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a substance terahertz spectrum analysis apparatus based on frequency division multiplexing according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing mainly includes a multifunctional microwave signal source, a terahertz transceiver unit, a transmission control unit 1, a sample chamber, a transmission control unit 2, a terahertz detection unit, a multi-channel data acquisition unit, a server, and the like.
The multifunctional microwave signal source is used as a signal source module to generate 7 paths of frequency division multiplexing microwave signals and 7 paths of intermediate frequency signals (frequency division multiplexing local oscillator signals), and each path of frequency division multiplexing microwave signals is used as an excitation signal of a terahertz transceiver unit (terahertz transceiver module); each path of frequency division multiplexing local oscillation signal is used as a local oscillation signal of a terahertz detection unit (terahertz detection module); the frequency range, stepping interval, power, frequency sweep frequency and other parameters of each signal can be freely set according to the requirement.
Correspondingly, the terahertz transceiving unit (terahertz transceiving module) comprises 7 highly integrated terahertz transceiving integrated units. As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment 3, a first channel of the frequency division multiplexing microwave signal is excited by a terahertz wave frequency band 1 within a range of 0.11 to 0.17THz, a second channel of the frequency division multiplexing microwave signal is excited by a terahertz wave frequency band 2 within a range of 0.17 to 0.22THz, a third channel of the frequency division multiplexing microwave signal is excited by a terahertz wave frequency band 3 within a range of 0.22 to 0.33THz, a fourth channel of the frequency division multiplexing microwave signal is excited by a terahertz wave frequency band 4 within a range of 0.33 to 0.5THz, a fifth channel of the frequency division multiplexing microwave signal is excited by a terahertz wave frequency band 5 within a range of 0.5 to 0.75THz, a sixth channel of the frequency division multiplexing microwave signal is excited by a terahertz wave frequency band 6 within a range of 0.75 to 1.1THz, and a seventh channel of the frequency division multiplexing microwave signal is excited by a terahertz wave frequency.
In this embodiment 3, the transmission control unit 1 (the first transmission control module) includes a shaping unit and a beam combining unit. The shaping unit package 7 is composed of diffraction phase plates working at different wave bands and used for carrying out wave beam shaping on terahertz signals of different frequency bands generated by the 7 terahertz transmitting-receiving integrated units, and conversion from Gaussian divergent wave beams to structured terahertz wave beams without obvious diffraction behaviors is achieved.
The beam combination unit consists of polarizers (gratings) working at different wave bands, a beam splitter and a reflecting surface. The polarizer (grating) is used for regulating and controlling the phase and the amplitude of the terahertz wave beam, and the accurate regulation and control of the terahertz wave beam are realized. The beam splitter is used for realizing the reflection and transmission behaviors of different terahertz frequency bands. The reflecting surface is used as an auxiliary device to realize accurate control of terahertz wave propagation.
As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment 3, the first terahertz wave signal (frequency band 1) first passes through the first pair of diffraction phase plates at the top of the shaping unit, then passes through the first polarizer in the corresponding beam combining unit, and then enters the reflecting surface on the right side. And a second path of terahertz wave signals (frequency band 2) enters a second path of polarizer after passing through a second pair of diffraction phase plates, two beam splitters are sequentially arranged on the right side of the second path of polarizer, and a second path of reflecting surface is arranged on the right side of the beam splitters. And a third path of terahertz wave signals (frequency band 3) sequentially pass through a third pair of diffraction phase plates, a third path of polarizer and a reflecting surface. The fourth path of terahertz wave signal (wave band 4) sequentially passes through the fourth pair of diffraction phase plates, the fourth path of polarizer and the reflecting surface. The fifth path of terahertz wave signal (wave band 5) sequentially passes through the fifth pair of diffraction phase plates and the fifth path of polarizer, the right side of the fifth path of polarizer is a beam splitter, and the right side of the beam splitter is a reflecting surface. The sixth path of terahertz wave signal (wave band 6) sequentially passes through the sixth pair of diffraction phase plates and the sixth path of polarizer, two beam splitters are arranged on the right side of the sixth path of polarizer, and a reflecting surface is arranged on the right side of each beam splitter. The seventh terahertz wave signal (wave band 7) sequentially passes through the seventh pair of diffraction phase plates and the seventh polarizer, and the right side of the seventh polarizer is a reflecting surface.
In order to adjust the position of a substance to be measured, so that an emitted terahertz signal can be more accurately focused on a certain fixed point of the substance to be measured, a transmitted terahertz signal can be accurately transmitted to the second ultra-wideband lens through the substance to be measured, and a reflected terahertz wave signal can be accurately reflected to the first ultra-wideband lens, in this embodiment, a sample chamber is provided, the first ultra-wideband lens and the second ultra-wideband lens are arranged in the sample chamber, and the first ultra-wideband lens and the second ultra-wideband lens can move in the position in the sample chamber to adjust the proper position.
A three-dimensional sample table for placing the substance to be detected is arranged between the first ultra-wideband lens and the second ultra-wideband lens, and the three-dimensional position of the substance to be detected can be adjusted through the three-dimensional sample table. And placing the substance to be detected on the sample platform, transmitting the terahertz waves transmitted by the substance to be detected on the second ultra-wideband lens, and making the terahertz waves reflected by the substance to be detected incident on the first ultra-wideband lens.
The first ultra-wideband lens and the second ultra-wideband lens are respectively arranged on two movable devices, and the positions of the first ultra-wideband lens and the second ultra-wideband lens are adjusted through the movable devices.
The transmission control unit 2 (second transmission control module) includes two parts, a beam splitting unit and a control unit (directional transmission unit). In this embodiment 3, as shown in fig. 5, the beam splitting unit is composed of a pair of dispersion devices, and is used to realize that the terahertz beam can be split into beams at different frequencies for transmission. The control unit consists of a beam splitter, a reflecting surface and a lens and is used for realizing the directional transmission of the space dispersion terahertz waves to the terahertz detection unit. The terahertz detection unit comprises 7 high-sensitivity terahertz detectors, and each terahertz detector detects 7 terahertz wave signals of different wave bands respectively.
The terahertz wave signal emitted by the beam splitting unit firstly enters a beam splitter, and the direct upper part and the direct lower part of the beam splitter are reflecting surfaces.
Two beam splitters of a second terahertz wave band are sequentially arranged on the right side of the reflecting surface right above the first terahertz wave band, lenses of the second terahertz wave band are arranged on the right sides of the two beam splitters, a first lens is arranged above the second lens, and the reflecting surface is arranged on the left side of the first lens. And a third path of lens is arranged below the second path of lens, and a reflecting surface of the third path is arranged on the left side of the third path of lens. And a fourth lens is arranged below the third lens, and the left side of the fourth lens is a reflecting surface of the fourth lens. The second no-path lens is arranged below the fourth path lens, the beam splitter is arranged on the left side of the fifth path lens, and the reflecting surface is arranged on the left side of the beam splitter.
Two beam splitters of a sixth terahertz waveband are sequentially arranged on the right side of the reflecting surface right below the first terahertz waveband, a sixth lens is arranged on the right sides of the two beam splitters, a seventh lens is arranged below the sixth lens, and a seventh reflecting surface is arranged on the left side of the seventh lens.
The 7 terahertz waves respectively pass through the first path lens, the second path lens, the third path lens, the fourth path lens, the fifth path lens, the sixth path lens and the seventh path lens and enter the 7 terahertz wave detectors.
In this embodiment 3, in order to realize the acquisition of the terahertz wave signal reflected by the substance to be detected, a multi-path data acquisition unit is connected between the terahertz wave transmitting and receiving integrated unit and the computing module, and the multi-path data acquisition unit includes hardware devices such as a high-speed ADC module and a high-performance FPGA, so as to realize the high-speed acquisition of the terahertz wave signal reflected by the substance to be detected.
Similarly, in order to realize the acquisition of the terahertz wave signal transmitted by the substance to be detected, a multi-path data acquisition unit is connected between the terahertz wave detection device and the calculation module, so that the high-speed acquisition of the terahertz wave signal transmitted by the substance to be detected is realized.
In this embodiment 3, the calculation module is executed in the server, and the server is internally provided with a control command and a signal processing core algorithm for processing the reflected signal and the transmitted signal of the sample to be measured, so as to obtain the terahertz spectrum of the sample to be measured in any waveband within the 0.05 to 1.5THz frequency band, and be used in the fields of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the sample, identification of the type of the sample, and the like.
In this embodiment 3, the core algorithm built in the server may be a terahertz wave-based material non-marker detection and identification method. The method comprises the following three steps A-C:
A. the server carries out super-resolution reconstruction on the obtained reference signal, effectively inhibits the influence of Gaussian noise and realizes the spectrum estimation of the reference terahertz signal in the empty state;
B. the server transmits terahertz signals to the obtained samples tested for multiple times, and processes such as terahertz signal invalid point detection, terahertz signal reconstruction, terahertz frequency spectrum estimation, terahertz frequency spectrum optimization and the like are sequentially carried out to obtain terahertz frequency spectrum with higher signal-to-noise ratio;
C. obtaining a sample absorption spectrum according to the reference signal terahertz frequency spectrum and the sample transmission terahertz signal frequency spectrum obtained in the step A and the step B; on the basis, a terahertz characteristic spectrum with an obvious peak value is obtained through a terahertz absorption spectrum bureau and optimization.
In summary, according to the substance terahertz spectrum analysis device and the analysis test method based on frequency division multiplexing in the embodiments of the present invention, the resolution of the terahertz spectrum is increased from several GHz orders to Hz orders (optimally 1Hz), and is increased by 6-9 orders; terahertz signal output power is 10-6W is lifted to 10-31W, 3-4 orders of magnitude improvement; the dynamic range is improved to 30-40 dB from 20-30 dB; the resolution of the terahertz wave spectrum is set independently, and the setting range is 1 Hz-1 kHz; synchronous acquisition of a transmission terahertz spectrum and a reflection terahertz spectrum of a sample to be detected is realized; the international blank of a full-electronic high-resolution terahertz spectrum analyzer is filled.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive faculty based on the technical solutions disclosed in the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A substance terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing is characterized by comprising:
the signal source module generates frequency division multiplexing microwave signals and corresponding frequency division multiplexing local oscillator signals;
the terahertz transceiving module is excited by the frequency division multiplexing microwave signal to transmit a terahertz signal, receives the terahertz signal reflected by the substance to be detected and transmits the terahertz signal to the computing module;
the first transmission control module is used for performing beam shaping on the terahertz signals transmitted by the terahertz transceiving module, realizing the conversion from Gaussian divergent beams to structured terahertz beams and transmitting the converted terahertz beams to a substance to be detected;
the second transmission control module is used for carrying out wave division and directional transmission on the terahertz wave signal penetrating through the substance to be detected to the terahertz wave detection module;
the terahertz wave detection module is excited by the frequency division multiplexing local oscillator signal to detect the received terahertz wave signal and then sends the terahertz wave signal to the calculation module;
and the calculation module is used for calculating the terahertz wave signal reflected by the substance to be detected and the terahertz signal transmitted by the substance to be detected to obtain the terahertz wave spectrum of the substance to be detected.
2. The terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing according to claim 1, wherein:
the terahertz receiving and transmitting module comprises a plurality of terahertz receiving and transmitting integrated units, each terahertz receiving and transmitting integrated unit comprises a standard rectangular metal waveguide frequency band, the plurality of terahertz wave signals are transmitted through multi-band spliced frequency division multiplexing microwave signals, and the terahertz wave signals reflected by a substance to be detected are received and transmitted to the computing module.
3. The terahertz spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing according to claim 2, wherein:
the first transmission control unit comprises a shaping unit and a beam combining unit;
the shaping unit is used for carrying out beam shaping on a plurality of terahertz wave signals transmitted by the terahertz transmitting-receiving integrated unit to realize the conversion from Gaussian divergent beams to structured terahertz beams;
the beam combining unit is used for completing phase control, amplitude control, reflection and transmission of terahertz beams.
4. The terahertz wave spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing according to claim 3, wherein:
and a first ultra-wideband lens is arranged between the beam combining unit and the substance to be detected and used for focusing incident terahertz waves on the substance to be detected and simultaneously completing transmission of terahertz wave signals reflected by the substance to be detected.
5. The terahertz wave spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing according to claim 3, wherein:
the second transmission control unit comprises a beam splitting unit and a directional transmission unit;
the beam splitting unit enables terahertz wave signals transmitted by the substance to be detected to be transmitted according to a plurality of paths of different frequency splitting beams;
the directional transmission unit is used for directionally transmitting the terahertz wave signals transmitted by the plurality of paths of different frequency sub-beams to the terahertz detection module.
6. The terahertz wave spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing of claim 5, wherein:
and a second ultra-wideband lens is arranged between the beam splitting unit and the substance to be detected and is used for shaping and parallelly transmitting the terahertz wave signal transmitted by the substance to be detected.
7. The terahertz wave spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing of claim 5, wherein:
the terahertz wave detection module comprises a plurality of terahertz detectors, each terahertz detector is provided with a standard rectangular metal waveguide frequency band, and under the excitation of a frequency division multiplexing local oscillator signal, the terahertz wave detection module realizes the detection of a plurality of terahertz wave signals transmitted by a substance to be detected and sends the terahertz wave signals to the calculation module.
8. The terahertz wave spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing of claim 7, wherein:
the shaping unit consists of a pair of diffraction phase plates;
the beam combination unit consists of a polarizer, a beam splitter and a reflecting surface;
the polarizer is used for phase regulation and amplitude regulation of the terahertz wave beam;
the beam splitter is used for realizing the reflection and transmission of terahertz wave signals of different terahertz frequency bands;
the reflecting surface is used for realizing adjustment and control of a transmission path for transmitting the terahertz wave signal.
9. The terahertz wave spectrum analysis device based on frequency division multiplexing according to claim 8, wherein:
the beam splitting unit consists of a pair of dispersion devices;
the directional transmission unit consists of a beam splitter, a reflecting surface and a directional lens;
the directional lens is used for directionally transmitting the terahertz wave signals transmitted by the plurality of paths of substances to be detected to the corresponding terahertz detectors respectively.
10. A method for performing terahertz spectroscopy of a substance by using the terahertz spectroscopy apparatus based on frequency division multiplexing according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
step S110: initializing a system: setting the number of output signal paths, initial frequency, cut-off frequency, signal power, signal scanning times and stepping interval of a signal source module; setting the sampling frequency and the acquisition time of a terahertz wave signal reflected by a substance to be detected; setting the sampling frequency and the acquisition time of a terahertz wave signal reflected by a substance to be detected;
step S120: reference signal acquisition: collecting a reflected terahertz wave signal and a transmitted terahertz wave signal in a state without a substance to be detected, and transmitting the signals to a calculation module as reference signals;
step S130: collecting a sample signal: collecting a reflected terahertz wave signal and a transmitted terahertz wave signal in a state of a substance to be detected, and transmitting the signals to a computing module as reference signals;
step S140: analyzing a substance to be detected: according to the obtained reference signal and the sample signal, the calculation module extracts a reflection terahertz spectrum and a transmission terahertz spectrum of the substance to be detected through a built-in terahertz characteristic spectrum extraction algorithm;
step S150: and according to the reflection terahertz spectrum and the transmission terahertz spectrum of the substance to be detected, calling a terahertz spectrum database to realize qualitative and quantitative analysis and category test of the substance to be detected.
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