CN111925369B - 一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一类β‑咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物及其制备方法与应用,具有通式Ⅰ或Ⅱ所示结构:本发明结合天然存在的一大类吲哚类生物碱,β‑咔啉类衍生物的结构具有吡啶[3,4‑b]并吲哚的平面三环结构骨架;在β‑咔啉母环的1位或3位通过Knoevenagel缩合反应引入具有强吸电子性的五元环氰基呋喃片段,进一步延长β‑咔啉的共轭体系,利用ICT效应,设计获得了两类具有光动力效应、pH敏感性荧光的β‑咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物。该类化合物具有高稳定性、低暗毒性等特点,同时在激光照射下可以产生高活性的单线态氧,可以有效消除肿瘤,为医学上监测肿瘤和治疗肿瘤提供了有效的工具,在肿瘤靶向成像、治疗、监测等方面具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
目前,光动力疗法(PDT)正在临床试验中用于治疗头颈、脑、肺、胰腺、腹腔、乳腺、前列腺和皮肤等肿瘤。PDT涉及两种单独的无毒成分(光敏剂和适当波长的光源),它们结合以氧依赖的方式诱导细胞和组织效应。光敏剂吸收光子后,通过从其基态(单态)到短暂的激发单重态并转变为寿命较长的电子激发态(三重态)。三重态可以将其能量直接转移到氧气上,从而形成高活性的单线态氧。由于单线态氧的高反应活性和短半衰期,对光敏剂的生物反应只发生在光敏剂暴露于光下的特定组织区域被激活。通常,用于治疗性活化光敏剂的波长范围是600到800nm,以避免体内内源性色团的干扰,同时维持单线态氧的产生所必需的能量。单线态氧在生物系统中的半衰期小于0.04μs,因此,单线态氧的作用半径小于0.02μm。PDT的优点之一是光敏剂可以通过多种方式给药,例如通过静脉内注射或局部应用到皮肤上,但是这些都会影响其生物分布。由于生物分布随时间变化,因此调整曝光时间同样也可以调节PDT效果。研究人员正在研究通过将光敏剂与肿瘤相关抗体结合来提高肿瘤特异性的能力。这种方法已经成功地用于临床前模型的癌症治疗,也用于治疗眼血管生成相关疾病。然而,在PDT中使用大分子(单克隆抗体)存在一些问题,比如合成复杂、运输障碍和潜在毒性等。因此,基于小分子光敏剂的PDT可能会继续作为一种独立的治疗方式或与化疗、手术、放疗或其他新策略(如抗血管生成治疗)联合使用。
值得注意的是,由于被激发的单重态光敏剂弛缓到基态,其还可以导致荧光发射,也可用作荧光显像剂,通常使用400nm范围的光激活,在诊断成像应用中非常有用。因此,除了作为PDT的治疗剂外,光敏剂还可以作为显像剂,以适当的波长激发时在可见区域发出荧光。光敏剂荧光检测可以在疾病诊断中发挥作用,但该技术更多的是作为优化手术切除的工具。由于光敏剂在肿瘤组织中有优先积累的倾向,这种常被称为光动力诊断的方法在本质上非常适合于通过荧光对比来区分癌组织和健康组织的边界,对肿瘤进行选择性可视化。虽然传统荧光染料不是治疗剂,但是大部分光敏剂的荧光量子产率也远低于传统荧光染料。同时光敏剂的短波长激发明显限制其组织穿透的深度,因此在这些条件下探测的体积相对较浅。众所周知,肿瘤微环境的pH值主要在6.5到7之间,肿瘤细胞的内涵体的pH值大约为5.0,而溶酶体的pH值大约为4.5。因此,我们通过设计具有pH敏感性荧光的光敏剂,以期望提高其在肿瘤酸性区域的荧光强度,与相关联的光学成像具有组织穿透深度大、自荧光背景低等优点,更适用于选择性地检测疾病并强化其作为优化治疗的工具的固有能力,应用价值更为重大。
发明内容
针对以上问题,本发明提供了一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物及其制备方法与应用,集pH敏感性荧光及光动力治疗效果于一体,以及其在肿瘤监测和治疗方面的用途。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物,具有通式Ⅰ或Ⅱ所示结构:
其中,R1代表H、C1-C6烷基、炔基取代的C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷基、甲氧基取代的C1-C6烷基和吗啉取代的C1-C6烷基类中的一种;R2代表H、COOCH3、COOH、COONH2、CH2OH;R3代表H、C1-C6烷基、甲氧基取代的苯基中的一种;R4代表H、硝基、氨基、甲氨基、二甲氨基中的一种。
优选的,所述R1代表H、CH3、4-乙基吗啉;R2代表H、COOCH3、CH2OH;R3代表CH3、C(CH3)3、3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl;R4代表H、NO2、NH2、N(CH3)2。
优选的,所述通式Ⅰ或Ⅱ部分化合物代号及其对应的结构如下:
表1通式Ⅰ或Ⅱ部分化合物代号及其对应的结构
I1:(E)-甲基1-(2-(4-氰基-5-(二氰基亚甲基)-2,2-二甲基-2,5-二氢呋喃-3-基)乙烯基)-9H-吡啶[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯;
I2:(E)-2-(3-氰基-4-(2-(3-(羟甲基)-9-甲基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)乙烯基)-5,5-二甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈;
Ⅱ1:(E)-2-(3-氰基-4-(2-(1,9-二甲基-9H-吡啶[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)-5,5-二甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈;
Ⅱ2:(E)-2-(3-氰基-5,5-二甲基-4-(2-(1-甲基-6-硝基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈;
Ⅱ3:(E)-2-(3-氰基-4-(2-(6-(二甲基氨基)-1,9-二甲基-9H-吡啶基[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)-5,5-二甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈;
Ⅱ4:(E)-2-(3-氰基-5,5-二甲基-4-(2-(1-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-9H-吡啶基[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈;
Ⅱ5:(E)-2-(4-(2-(1-(1-(叔丁基)-9-甲基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)-3-氰基-5,5-二甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈;
Ⅱ6:(E)-2-(3-氰基-5,5-二甲基-4-(2-(1-甲基-9-(2-吗啉代乙基))-9H-吡啶基[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈。
本发明的另一目的是提供一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物的制备方法,将9-R1-3-R2-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-甲酰基或9-R1-6-R4-1-R3-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-甲酰基与2-(3-氰基-4,5,5-三甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈溶于无水乙醇中,加入催化量的乙酸铵,加热回流12-24小时,通过Knoevenagel缩合反应,经重结晶或者色谱柱纯化得到β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物。
其中,所述R1代表H、CH3、N-乙基吗啉;R2代表COOCH3、CH2OH;R3代表CH3、C(CH3)3、3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl;R4代表H、NO2、NH2、N(CH3)2。
所述β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物的合成路线如下所示:
本发明的再一目的是提供一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物在制备pH敏感性荧光化合物、实现体内外肿瘤组织或肿瘤细胞荧光成像的应用,其中,肿瘤细胞为乳腺癌细胞、宫颈癌细胞、结肠癌细胞、肝癌细胞或胃癌细胞。
本发明的又一目的是提供一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物在制备具有光动力肿瘤治疗的药物中的应用,所述β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物经过激光照射后产生单线态氧杀伤肿瘤细胞。
本发明所述的β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物具有pH敏感性荧光,在酸性条件下荧光大大增强,同时具有暗毒性低、稳定性高、肿瘤细胞选择性荧光成像的特点。同时其可以选择性靶向肿瘤组织,特定光激发后,产生高活性的单线态氧从而杀伤肿瘤。
本发明有益效果:
1、本发明结合天然存在的吲哚类β-咔啉生物碱,利用其较强的刚性和共轭体系,作为电子供体,通过Knoevenagel缩合反应在β-咔啉母环的1位或3位引入具有强吸电子性的五元环氰基片段,该策略设计达到了延长β-咔啉共轭体系的目的;同时利用ICT效应,获得两类具有pH敏感性荧光、光动力治疗效果的β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物。
2、本发明通过紫外分光光度计、荧光光谱仪、细胞毒性试验等检测手段,发现该类化合物具有高稳定性、低暗毒性、肿瘤细胞选择性荧光成像等优点,集诊断治疗于一体,有利于肿瘤治疗及术中成像,应用前景广阔。
附图说明
图1为本发明部分化合物在5%DMSO的水溶液的pH敏感性紫外吸收光谱图(横坐标为波长,纵坐标为吸光度值);
图2为本发明部分化合物在5%DMSO的水溶液的pH敏感性荧光发射光谱图(横坐标为波长,纵坐标为荧光强度);
图3为本发明部分化合物与单线态氧捕获剂DPBF混合光照后的紫外吸光谱(横坐标为波长,纵坐标为吸光度值);
图4为本发明化合物在有光照和无光照条件下的细胞毒性实验示意图(横坐标为化合物代号,纵坐标为细胞存活率);
图5为本发明荧光化合物部分化合物在1~25μM下与HepG2细胞的共聚焦荧光成像图;
图6为本发明荧光化合物部分化合物在1~25μM下与Hela细胞的共聚焦荧光成像图;
图7为本发明荧光化合物部分化合物在1~25μM下与LO2细胞的共聚焦荧光成像图。
具体实施方式
为了进一步阐明本发明,下面给出一系列实施例,这些实施例完全是例证性的,它们仅用来对本发明具体描述,不应当理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明所述的β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物的合成路线如下所示:
实施例1:(E)-甲基1-(2-(4-氰基-5-(二氰基亚甲基)-2,2-二甲基-2,5-二氢呋喃-3-基)乙烯基)-9H-吡啶[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯(I1)的制备;
在茄形单口瓶中加入1-甲酰基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯(254mg,1.0mmol)和5ml无水乙醇,再加入2-(3-氰基-4,5,5-三甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈(219mg,1.1mmol),再加入催化量的醋酸铵(7.7mg,0.1mmol),回流搅拌过夜。TLC监测反应完毕后,抽滤,用冷乙醇多次冲洗滤饼,将滤饼真空干燥,再次重结晶得到黄色固体产物318mg。产率73.1%。(I1)谱图数据为:ESI-MS(m/z):436[M+H]+;1H NMR(d6-DMSO,400MHz):δ12.69(s,1H,NH),9.03(s,1H,Ar-H),8.49(d,J=7.8Hz,1H,Ar-H),8.27(d,J=15.8Hz,1H,CH),8.04–7.94(m,1H,Ar-H),7.77–7.69(m,2H,Ar-H,CH),7.41–7.38(m,1H,Ar-H),3.96(s,3H,CH3),2.00(s,6H,CH3)。
实施例2:(E)-2-(3-氰基-4-(2-(3-(羟甲基)-9-甲基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)乙烯基)-5,5-二甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈(I2)的制备;
参照实施例1中(I1)的合成方法,由3-(羟甲基)-9-甲基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-甲酰基代替方法中的1-甲酰基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯,最后得到黄色固体(I2)289mg,产率为68.6%。(I2)谱图数据为:ESI-MS(m/z):422[M+H]+;1H NMR(d6-DMSO,400MHz):δ9.01(s,1H,Ar-H),8.43(d,J=7.2Hz,1H,Ar-H),8.22(d,J=15.8Hz,1H,CH),8.00–7.92(m,1H,Ar-H),7.71–7.63(m,2H,Ar-H,CH),7.35–7.29(m,1H,Ar-H),4.98–4.94(m,1H,OH),4.21–4.17(m,2H,CH2),3.82(s,3H,CH3),2.02(s,6H,CH3)。
实施例3:(E)-2-(3-氰基-4-(2-(1,9-二甲基-9H-吡啶[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)-5,5-二甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈(Ⅱ1)的制备;
参照实施例1中(I1)的合成方法,由1,9-二甲基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-甲酰基代替方法中的1-甲酰基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯,最后得到红色固体(Ⅱ1)290mg,产率为71.6%。(Ⅱ1)谱图数据为:ESI-MS(m/z):406[M+H]+;1HNMR(d6-DMSO,400MHz):δ8.19(d,J=7.2Hz,1H,Ar-H),7.83(d,J=15.8Hz,1H,CH),7.59–7.55(m,2H,Ar-H,CH),7.46–7.42(m,2H,Ar-H),7.37–7.33(m,1H,Ar-H),3.91(s,3H,CH3),3.10(s,3H,CH3),1.93(s,6H,CH3)。
实施例4:(E)-2-(3-氰基-5,5-二甲基-4-(2-(1-甲基-6-硝基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈(Ⅱ2)的制备;
参照实施例1中(I1)的合成方法,由1-甲基-6-硝基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-甲酰基代替方法中的1-甲酰基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯,最后得到红色固体(Ⅱ2)320mg,产率为73.6%。(Ⅱ2)谱图数据为:ESI-MS(m/z):437[M+H]+;1H NMR(d6-DMSO,400MHz):δ12.55(s,1H,NH),9.03(s,1H,Ar-H),8.82(s,1H,Ar-H),8.38(d,J=8.2Hz,1H,Ar-H),7.94–7.88(m,2H,Ar-H,CH),7.58(d,J=15.8Hz,1H,CH),3.07(s,3H,CH3),2.04(s,6H,CH3)。
实施例5:(E)-2-(3-氰基-4-(2-(6-(二甲基氨基)-1,9-二甲基-9H-吡啶基[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)-5,5-二甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈(Ⅱ3)的制备;
参照实施例1中(I1)的合成方法,由6-(二甲基氨基)-1,9-二甲基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-甲酰基代替方法中的1-甲酰基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯,最后得到深红色固体(Ⅱ3)341mg,产率为76.2%。(Ⅱ3)谱图数据为:ESI-MS(m/z):449[M+H]+;1HNMR(d6-DMSO,400MHz):δ9.43(s,1H,Ar-H),8.98(s,1H,Ar-H),8.45(d,J=9.2Hz,1H,Ar-H),7.96–7.92(m,2H,Ar-H,CH),7.62(d,J=15.8Hz,1H,CH),3.93(s,3H,CH3),3.34(s,6H,CH3),3.08(s,3H,CH3),1.92(s,6H,CH3)。
实施例6:(E)-2-(3-氰基-5,5-二甲基-4-(2-(1-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-9H-吡啶基[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈(Ⅱ4)的制备;
参照实施例1中(I1)的合成方法,由1-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-甲酰基代替方法中的1-甲酰基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯,最后得到淡红色固体(Ⅱ4)436mg,产率为80.3%。(Ⅱ4)谱图数据为:ESI-MS(m/z):544[M+H]+;1H NMR(d6-DMSO,400MHz):δ12.12(s,1H,NH),8.65(s,1H,Ar-H),8.26(d,J=7.9Hz,1H,Ar-H),8.17(d,J=15.7Hz,1H,CH),7.98–7.85(m,2H,,Ar-H),7.72(d,J=8.2Hz,1H,Ar-H),7.63(t,J=7.6Hz,1H,Ar-H),7.42–7.36(m,2H,Ar-H,CH),3.95(s,6H,CH3),3.80(s,3H,CH3),1.90(s,6H,CH3)。
实施例7:(E)-2-(4-(2-(1-(1-(叔丁基)-9-甲基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)-3-氰基-5,5-二甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈(Ⅱ5)的制备;
参照实施例1中(I1)的合成方法,由1-(叔丁基)-9-甲基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-甲酰基代替方法中的1-甲酰基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯,最后得到红色固体(Ⅱ5)289mg,产率为64.5%。(Ⅱ5)谱图数据为:ESI-MS(m/z):448[M+H]+;1H NMR(d6-DMSO,400MHz):δ8.15(d,J=6.8Hz,1H,Ar-H),7.91(d,J=15.7Hz,1H,CH),7.66–7.60(m,3H,Ar-H,CH),7.55–7.51(m,1H,Ar-H),7.40–7.36(m,1H,Ar-H),3.12(s,3H,CH3),2.63(s,9H,CH3),1.82(s,6H,CH3)。
实施例8:(E)-2-(3-氰基-5,5-二甲基-4-(2-(1-甲基-9-(2-吗啉代乙基))-9H-吡啶基[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈(Ⅱ6)的制备;
参照实施例1中(I1)的合成方法,由1-甲基-9-(2-吗啉代乙基)-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-甲酰基代替方法中的1-甲酰基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯,最后得到深红色固体(Ⅱ6)433mg,产率为85.7%。(Ⅱ6)谱图数据为:ESI-MS(m/z):505[M+H]+;1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.17(d,J=5.9Hz,2H,Ar-H),7.93(d,J=15.7Hz,1H,CH),7.68–7.62(m,2H,Ar-H,CH),7.57(d,J=8.3Hz,1H,Ar-H),7.42–7.38(m,1H,Ar-H),4.79–4.75(m,2H,CH2),3.73–3.64(m,4H,CH2),3.15(s,3H,CH3),2.84–2.80(m,2H,CH2),2.58–2.46(m,4H,CH2),1.85(s,6H,CH3)。
实施例9:本发明荧光化合物的pH敏感性紫外吸收光谱测试
参照图1,将本发明荧光化合物溶于含5%DMSO的水溶液中,配制成1~25μM的检测液。采用紫外-可见分光光度计测试其紫外吸收光谱数据,结果显示本发明荧光化合物紫外最大吸收波长在460-550nm范围内,并且随pH的降低而降低。其中化合物Ⅱ3紫外最大吸收波长在475nm左右,其峰值随pH的降低而降低,并蓝移至465nm左右(图1a);化合物Ⅱ4紫外最大吸收波长在490nm左右,其峰值随pH的降低而降低,并蓝移至482nm左右(图1b);化合物Ⅱ6紫外最大吸收波长在480nm左右,其峰值随pH的降低而降低,并蓝移至472nm左右(图1c)。
实施例10:本发明荧光化合物的pH敏感性荧光光谱测试
参照图2,将本发明荧光化合物溶于含5%DMSO的水溶液中,配制成1~25μM的检测液,并分别调节pH值至7.4、6.5、6.0、5.5、4.5。采用荧光光谱仪测试其荧光发射光谱数据,结果显示本发明荧光化合物最大发射波长在600-680nm范围内,并随pH值降低荧光显著增加。其中化合物I1在635nm左右的荧光峰值随pH值的降低而增加,λex=472nm(图2a);其中化合物Ⅱ1在645nm左右的荧光峰蓝移至630nm处,且荧光强度随pH值的降低而增加,λex=490nm(图2b);其中化合物Ⅱ3在615nm左右的荧光峰值随pH值的降低而增加,λex=490nm(图2c);其中化合物Ⅱ4在665nm左右的荧光峰值随pH值的降低而增加,λex=490nm(图2d);其中化合物Ⅱ6在650nm左右的荧光峰蓝移至640nm处,且荧光强度随pH值的降低而增加,λex=488nm(图2e)。
实施例11:本发明荧光化合物对细胞的暗毒性试验
参照图4,采用四甲基氮唑蓝比色法(MTT)分别检测了本发明化合物在有光照和无光照条件下对人结肠癌细胞HT29细胞株的毒性。首先收集处于对数期的HT29细胞,加入0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,使贴壁细胞脱落,制成每毫升含2×104~4×104个细胞的悬液。取细胞悬液接种于96孔板上,每孔200μL,置恒温CO2培养箱中培养24小时。换液,加入受试化合物(化合物用DMSO溶解后用PBS稀释,受试化合物浓度为1~25μM,每孔20μL。暗毒性测试需要放入37℃、含5%CO2培养箱中培养,继续避光培养48h后,更换新鲜的完全培养基,继续于37℃、含5%CO2培养箱中培养24小时,再将MTT加入96孔板中,每孔20μL,培养箱中反应4小时。吸去上清液,每孔加入150μL DMSO,平板摇床上振摇5分钟。用酶联免疫检测仪在波长为570nm处测定每孔的吸收度,计算细胞存活率。实验结果表明本发明所述化合物在无光源照射的条件下,细胞的活性基本没有变化,维持在95%左右(图4),证明了在黑暗中本发明化合物对细胞的存活率影响不大,暗毒性很低。
实施例12:本发明荧光化合物对细胞的光毒性试验
参照图4,光毒性实验则在上述暗毒性实验加完受试化合物后,使用650nm激光器(15mW/cm2)照射15分钟,辐照后同样更换新鲜的完全培养基,继续于37℃、含5%CO2培养箱中培养24小时,再将MTT加入96孔板中,每孔20μL,培养箱中反应4小时。吸去上清液,每孔加入150μL DMSO,平板摇床上振摇5分钟。用酶联免疫检测仪在波长为570nm处测定每孔的吸收度,计算细胞存活率。实验证明相比无光照条件下,在激光光源照射后,细胞的存活率急剧下降,化合物浓度为10μM时,下降尤为明显(图4),证明本发明化合物有光毒性较强,同时暗毒性很低,可以用于光动力消融癌细胞。
实施例13:采用共聚焦显微镜进行细胞成像
参照图5-图7,采用共聚焦显微镜进行细胞成像,成像前一天,HepG2细胞、Hela细胞或LO2细胞由DEME或1640培养液培养,放于激光共聚焦皿中,再向细胞中加入1~25μM的受试化合物,将其放置置于37℃、含5%CO2的细胞培养箱中孵育半小时。接着用pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤3次后,将孵育好的细胞置于共聚焦显微镜的载物台上进行共聚焦荧光成像,设置受试化合物激发波长:λem=460-550nm,λex=600-680nm。结果表明,本发明所述β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物可以被肿瘤细胞有效吸收,表明该类荧光化合物可以选择性在多个肿瘤细胞荧光成像(图5、图6、图7),而对正常肝细胞荧光成像很弱,为体内外肿瘤组织或细胞成像研究提供了一种可行的手段,应用前景广阔。
以上对本发明的实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物,其特征在于:所述R1代表H、CH3、2-(N-吗啉基)乙基;R2代表H、COOCH3、CH2OH;R3代表CH3、C(CH3)3、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基;R4代表H、NO2、NH2、N(CH3)2。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物,其特征在于:所述通式Ⅰ或Ⅱ部分化合物代号及其对应的结构如下:
I1:(E)-1-(2-(4-氰基-5-(二氰基亚甲基)-2,2-二甲基-2,5-二氢呋喃-3-基)乙烯基)-9H-吡啶[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯;
I2:(E)-2-(3-氰基-4-(2-(3-(羟甲基)-9-甲基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-基)乙烯基)-5,5-二甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈;
Ⅱ1:(E)-2-(3-氰基-4-(2-(1,9-二甲基-9H-吡啶[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)-5,5-二甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈;
Ⅱ2:(E)-2-(3-氰基-5,5-二甲基-4-(2-(1-甲基-6-硝基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈;
Ⅱ3:(E)-2-(3-氰基-4-(2-(6-(二甲基氨基)-1,9-二甲基-9H-吡啶基[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)-5,5-二甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈;
Ⅱ4:(E)-2-(3-氰基-5,5-二甲基-4-(2-(1-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-9H-吡啶基[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈;
Ⅱ5:(E)-2-(4-(2-(1-(1-(叔丁基)-9-甲基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)-3-氰基-5,5-二甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈;
Ⅱ6:(E)-2-(3-氰基-5,5-二甲基-4-(2-(1-甲基-9-(2-吗啉代乙基))-9H-吡啶基[3,4-b]吲哚-3-基)乙烯基)呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈。
4.一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:将9-R1-3-R2-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1-甲酰基或9-R1-6-R4-1-R3-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-甲酰基与2-(3-氰基-4,5,5-三甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈溶于无水乙醇中,加入催化量的乙酸铵,加热回流12-24小时,通过Knoevenagel缩合反应,经重结晶或者色谱柱纯化得到β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物;
所述R1代表H、CH3、2-(N-吗啉基)乙基;R2代表COOCH3、CH2OH;R3代表CH3、C(CH3)3、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基;R4代表H、NO2、NH2、N(CH3)2。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物在制备pH敏感性荧光化合物、制备实现体内外肿瘤组织或肿瘤细胞荧光成像试剂的应用。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物在制备pH敏感性荧光化合物、制备实现体内外肿瘤组织或肿瘤细胞荧光成像试剂的应用,其特征在于:所述肿瘤为乳腺癌、宫颈癌、结肠癌、肝癌或胃癌。
7.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物在制备具有光动力肿瘤治疗的药物中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一类β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物在制备具有光动力肿瘤治疗的药物中的应用,其特征在于:所述β-咔啉氰基呋喃衍生物经过激光照射后产生单线态氧杀伤肿瘤细胞。
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