CN111196922B - pH敏感型β-咔啉衍生物荧光探针在肿瘤荧光成像中的应用 - Google Patents
pH敏感型β-咔啉衍生物荧光探针在肿瘤荧光成像中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种β‑咔啉衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐作为荧光探针在荧光成像中的应用。在423~498nm紫外波长下,pH4.5~7.4范围内,所述β‑咔啉衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐的荧光强度随着pH值降低而增强,可以作为pH敏感型荧光探针用于肿瘤组织微环境成像以及局部肿瘤转移部位成像。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药领域,具体涉及一类β-咔啉衍生物作为荧光探针用于肿瘤组织微环境成像,特别是局部肿瘤转移的荧光诊断应用,为临床肿瘤手术治疗提供诊断指导。
背景技术
癌症严重威胁人类健康和生命,2015年全球有近9百万人死于癌症,其中癌症转移(癌细胞从原发性肿瘤扩散到周围组织和远处器官)是导致癌症发病率和死亡率的主要原因,占癌症死亡率的90%。癌症发病机制目前尚不十分清楚,但近年来越来越多的证据表明,肿瘤的发生、发展及转移与其所处的微环境密切相关。肿瘤微环境是指肿瘤细胞在生长过程中,由肿瘤细胞及细胞外间质相互作用后形成的肿瘤细胞生长的特殊环境。肿瘤微环境不仅为肿瘤细胞的生长提供条件,还是肿瘤细胞转移的必要场所。对肿瘤及其微环境的早期动态示踪,将有助于发现肿瘤及其转移部位并加以手术切除或给予精准药物治疗,从而降低肿瘤转移及其致死率。
传统的疾病诊断和治疗是两个相对独立的过程,诊断用药和治疗用药也是两类不同的药物。一般情况下,患者接受先诊断、后治疗两次过程,而且中间往往间隔时间较长,贻误了疾病治疗的最佳时期,常导致不良后果。再者,诊断药物和治疗药物对患者均有一定的不良反应,两次用药会增加患者不必要的痛苦和风险。因此,如能开发安全、有效的诊断治疗剂,将诊断与治疗合二为一,在做出诊断的同时立即给予有效治疗(手术和/或药物),将大大提高肿瘤诊疗效率,减轻患者痛苦,提高其生存率。
细胞内的pH值在细胞的生理活动中起着至关重要的作用直接影响酶与组织的生理活性,pH值出现异常往往伴随着细胞的功能、增殖、分裂发生变化,如癌症和老年痴呆症患者的pH值就出现很明显的异常。考虑到肿瘤细胞及其微环境在乏氧条件下进行糖酵解,排出H+,使肿瘤组织具有明显的微酸性(pH为6.5-6.8),而正常组织pH为7.2-7.4;再者,肿瘤细胞内还存在酸度更高的细胞器,如溶酶体(pH 4.5-5.0)。测量细胞内pH值的方法很多,主要包括弱酸平衡法、核磁共振法和荧光探针法。弱酸平衡法需要较长的平衡时间,不适于快速测量;核磁共振法需要昂贵的仪器,而且需要高密度细胞,测量中细胞内代谢情况变化较大。传统的pH敏感型荧光探针主要通过酸性敏感的腙键或缩醛片段来激活,但这些基团本身存在体内不稳定、显色较慢、且易于代谢等问题。因此,研究pH敏感型的荧光探针,使其针对体内肿瘤微环境和局部转移组织选择性地荧光成像,具有临床诊断治疗重要意义。
发明内容
β-咔啉化合物是一大类天然存在的吲哚生物碱,其结构类似于咔唑的吡啶[3,4-b]并吲哚的平面三环结构骨架,具有一定的抗肿瘤活性,且毒性较小。本发明申请人在前期研究中基于组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制剂的药效团,设计、合成的β-咔啉/异羟肟酸缀合物,不仅发挥了抑制HDAC和诱导DNA损伤的双重活性,而且还具有抗肿瘤细胞转移和侵袭的作用,对体内外肿瘤细胞增殖具有强效抑制效果,且毒副作用较低,(发明专利ZL201410058342.9)。
本发明在前期研究的基础上,首次发现在β-咔啉的合适部位引入供电子基团后利用分子整体成像技术,可快速产生稳定的pH敏感型荧光,选择性地在肿瘤细胞成像,更为特别的是,该β-咔啉衍生物随检测体系pH值的改变,其荧光可实现“开-关”(on-off)型相互转变。
本发明公开了.一种β-咔啉衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐作为荧光探针在荧光成像中的应用,具有通式Ⅰ的结构:
通式Ⅰ:
R代表H或C1-C10的烷基(优选C1-C6的烷基);
R1代表H、C1-C10的烷基、任意位被一个或多个取代基取代的苯基或1,2-亚甲二氧基苯基,所述取代基选自H、C1-C10的烷基(优选C1-C6的烷基)、C1-C10的烷氧基(优选C1-C6的烷氧基)、羟基、氰基、氨基、C1-C10的胺基(优选C1-C6的胺基)、卤素中的一种或几种;
优选的,所述通式Ⅰ的结构中的R、R1和R2为:
R代表H或CH3;
R1代表H、CH3、任意位被一个或多个取代基取代的苯基或1,2-亚甲二氧基苯基,所述取代基选自H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、羟基、氰基、氨基、二甲胺基、卤素中的一种或几种;
更优选的,所述通式Ⅰ的结构中的R、R1和R2为:
R代表H或CH3;
本发明一个具体的方案中,上述通式Ⅰ的结构优选R、R1、R2如下组合,如表1所示,
R=H,R1=H,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=CH3,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=4-甲氧基苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=3-甲氧基苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=3,4-二甲氧基苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=4-羟基苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=4-氰基苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=CH3,R1=3,4-二甲氧基苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=CH3,R1=3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基,R2=NHOH。
表1通式Ⅰ部分化合物代号及其对应的结构
本发明的再一目的是提供本发明所述的β-咔啉衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐作为pH敏感型的荧光探针在荧光成像中的应用,在423~498nm紫外波长下,pH4.5~7.4范围内,所述β-咔啉衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐的荧光强度随着pH值降低而增强,可用于肿瘤组织微环境成像以及局部肿瘤转移部位成像,所述肿瘤包括肝癌,结肠癌,胰腺癌,乳腺癌,肺癌,宫颈癌,膀胱癌或胃癌肿瘤。
本发明的再一目的是提供本发明所述的β-咔啉衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐作为荧光探针在制备肿瘤诊断试剂中的应用,可用于肿瘤组织局部转移的诊断应用,为肿瘤手术治疗提供诊断指导,所述肿瘤组织包括肝癌,结肠癌,胰腺癌,乳腺癌,肺癌,宫颈癌,膀胱癌及胃癌肿瘤。
本发明优点:
1.本发明在前期研究的基础上,首次发现在β-咔啉的合适部位引入供电子基团后利用分子整体成像技术,可快速产生稳定的pH敏感型荧光。该β-咔啉衍生物随检测体系pH值的改变,其荧光可实现“开-关”(on-off)型相互转变:在423~498nm紫外波长下,pH4.5~7.4范围内,荧光强度变化尤其敏感。在pH7.4时,其荧光强度很弱,但随着pH值降低,荧光强度迅速增强,最高可达到pH7.4时的50~300余倍,提示在此波长下激发的荧光特性可应用于上述提及的肿瘤及其微环境的成像研究,且具有操作简单、成像速度快、灵敏度高等特点,而且对细胞代谢几乎没有副作用。
2.此外,本发明发现所述β-咔啉衍生物不仅能够选择性地在肿瘤细胞内荧光成像,还能在裸鼠和斑马鱼移植瘤组织中选择性地荧光成像,发挥有效肿瘤组织微环境成像作用,不仅能够用于肿瘤组织微环境成像,还能够用于局部肿瘤转移的荧光诊断应用,为临床肿瘤手术治疗提供诊断指导。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述化合物在不同pH值下的荧光强度变化。
图2为本发明所述化合物在肿瘤细胞和正常细胞的共焦激光扫描显微镜图像(图A、B、C依次为HL7702细胞的亮场、DAPI通道荧光场和合并图像,图D、E、F依次为HepG2细胞的亮场、DAPI通道荧光场和合并图像)。
图3为本发明所述化合物与Hela细胞培养的共焦激光扫描显微镜图像(图A、B、C依次为亮场、DAPI通道荧光场和合并图像)。
图4为本发明所述化合物与HGC27细胞培养的共焦激光扫描显微镜的图像(图A、B、C依次为亮场、DAPI通道荧光场和合并图像)。
图5为RFP-HT29细胞植入斑马鱼后与本发明所述化合物与孵育后的共焦激光扫描显微镜的图像(图A为本发明所述化合物在DAPI通道的绿色荧光成像,B、结肠癌细胞RFP-HT29在DAPI通道的红色荧光成像荧光场,C、亮场,D、合并图像)。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例说明本发明的具体步骤,但不受实施例限制。
在本发明中使用的术语,除非另有说明,一般具有本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义。
下面结合具体实施例并参照数据进一步详细描述本发明,应理解,这些实施例只是为了举例说明本发明,而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
在以下实施例中,未详细描述的各种过程和方法是本领域中公知的常规方法。
实施例1本发明所述的β-咔啉衍生物的制备
本发明所述化合物可参考ZL201410058342.9中公开的方法制备得到。
实施例2本发明所述的β-咔啉衍生物荧光成像试验
1、本发明化合物的pH敏感性紫外吸收峰变化
以本发明化合物Ⅰ8为例,测定其UV-Vis紫外可见吸收光谱特征吸收峰,进行浓度依赖性标准曲线定量分析(pH3.49~7.91)。同时测试pH在3.49~7.91范围内,化合物的紫外特征吸收峰的位移和强度变化情况。实验结果如图1所示,本发明化合物Ⅰ8在pH7.4下,吸收峰处于380-410nm,然而随着pH值降低,吸收峰显著降低,并且出现红移,在423~498nm处出现了不断增强的吸收峰,当pH低于4.5时,吸收峰趋于饱和,不再增高。
进一步以此作为激发波长用荧光仪观察其荧光光谱的变化。研究发现,当pH在7.25~7.45时,显现出非常弱的荧光,然而随着pH值的不断降低,荧光强度峰值迅速增高,当pH值低于4.5时,荧光强度达到峰值并趋于饱和,不再有明显增加。本发明其他通式Ⅰ化合物的紫外可见吸收光谱与Ⅰ8相似。实验结果表明,本发明化合物呈现出pH敏感性的荧光强度,可实现pH导向的“开-关”(on-off)型荧光转变。
2、本发明化合物在肿瘤细胞和正常细胞的体内外荧光成像
分别取生长期状态良好的人肝癌细胞HepG2、宫颈癌细胞Hela、胃癌细胞HGC27和人正常肝细胞HL7702,计数细胞浓度为2~4×104个/ml,然后将制成细胞悬液接种于共聚焦培养皿上,培养24小时。加入0.1mL的1.0μM的本发明化合物,10min后用共聚焦显微镜观察。
图2为本发明化合物Ⅰ8分别与人肝癌细胞HepG2和人正常肝细胞HL7702培养的细胞荧光成像分析结果。图3为本发明化合物Ⅰ2与人宫颈癌细胞Hela培养的细胞荧光成像分析结果。图4为本发明化合物Ⅰ11与人胃癌细胞HGC27培养的细胞荧光成像分析结果。结果表明本发明化合物能够迅速在肿瘤细胞内荧光成像,且不需要置换培养基,无任何背景干扰,保持4~8h荧光稳定性,然而在人正常肝细胞的荧光成像非常弱,几乎看不清。表明本发明化合物能够选择性地在肿瘤细胞荧光成像。
进一步选择斑马鱼作为载体,进行体内肿瘤细胞成像分析,选用生长期状态良好的红色荧光转染的结肠癌细胞RFP-HT29,计数细胞浓度为0.2~5×105个/ml,然后将制成细胞悬液接种于斑马鱼体内,3天后将斑马鱼置于共聚焦培养皿上,加入0.1mL的1.0μM的本发明化合物I8孵育30min,采用共聚焦显微镜进行荧光成像观察。结果如图5所示。结果表明给予化合物Ⅰ8后在455nm激发波长下,斑马鱼仅在接种的肿瘤细胞部位产生绿色荧光,而在斑马鱼正常组织中荧光较少。通过改变激发波长,在B图中可以看到斑马鱼的同一部位由红色荧光转染RFP-HT29细胞产生的红色荧光,由此说明本发明化合物选择性地在斑马鱼内的肿瘤组织成像,进一步验证了本发明化合物具有较好的体内肿瘤细胞的选择性成像。
Claims (10)
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于:所述通式Ⅰ的结构中的R、R1和R2选自如下组合:
R=H,R1=H,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=CH3,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=4-甲氧基苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=3-甲氧基苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=3,4-二甲氧基苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=4-羟基苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=4-氰基苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=H,R1=苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=CH3,R1=3,4-二甲氧基苯基,R2=NHOH;
或者R=CH3,R1=3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基,R2=NHOH。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的应用,其特征在于所述β-咔啉衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐为pH敏感型荧光探针。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于在423~498nm紫外波长下,pH4.5~7.4范围内,所述β-咔啉衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐的荧光强度随着pH值降低而增强。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的应用,其特征在于所述的β-咔啉类衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备肿瘤组织微环境成像以及局部肿瘤转移部位成像试剂中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于所述肿瘤包括肝癌,结肠癌,胰腺癌,乳腺癌,肺癌,宫颈癌,膀胱癌或胃癌肿瘤。
10.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的应用,其特征在于所述β-咔啉衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐作为荧光探针用于制备肿瘤诊断试剂。
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