CN111876754A - 通过纳米金属镀膜钢球与含氢碳薄膜配副实现宏观超滑的方法 - Google Patents
通过纳米金属镀膜钢球与含氢碳薄膜配副实现宏观超滑的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111876754A CN111876754A CN202010774380.XA CN202010774380A CN111876754A CN 111876754 A CN111876754 A CN 111876754A CN 202010774380 A CN202010774380 A CN 202010774380A CN 111876754 A CN111876754 A CN 111876754A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229950005499 carbon tetrachloride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013455 disruptive technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001472 potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940111695 potassium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011005 potassium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002167 sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011004 sodium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种通过纳米金属镀膜钢球与含氢碳薄膜配副实现宏观超滑的方法，是以纳米金属镀膜钢球与含氢量25~30%的类金刚石薄膜作为配副，摩擦过程中，在接触界由于摩擦化学反应产一种能够形成非公度接触的转移膜，从而实现宏观工程超滑。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过纳米金属镀膜钢球与含氢碳薄膜配副实现宏观超滑的方法，属于固体超滑和摩擦学领域。
背景技术
资源和能源消耗是人类社会面临的重大难题。尤其是对运动的机械系统来说，高的摩擦不仅导致能源消耗，更影响设备的高可靠长寿命运行。类金刚石碳薄膜作为一种高性能固体润滑薄膜，其摩擦系数在0.05-0.1数量级，虽然相对传统的氮化钛等薄膜，摩擦系数已经有了大幅度降低，但是，对于未来发展的深海站、空间站等系统，其机械系统运行寿命成为制约长期服役的关键。
超滑，特指摩擦系数处于0.001量级或者更低的摩擦状态。超滑技术被认为是二十一世纪的颠覆性技术，其工程应用有望解决航天、真空、深海站等机械运动系统的全周期服役问题。类金刚石碳薄膜的超滑主要集中在真空方面，如美国阿贡实验室发展了一种高含氢碳薄膜（40%含氢）（Applied Physics Letters 2001，78(17):2449-2451），但其只能在真空条件下实现超滑，难以工程应用。因此，如何实现工程超滑，仍然是一项技术难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种通过纳米金属镀膜钢球与含氢碳薄膜配副实现宏观工程超滑的方法。
本发明实现宏观工程超滑的方法，是以纳米金属镀膜钢球与含氢量24-30%的类金刚石薄膜作为配副，摩擦过程中通过纳米金属的催化作用发生摩擦化学反应，在接触界面形成非公度接触的纳米石墨烯转移膜，从而实现宏观超滑。
所述纳米金属镀膜钢球的基底为GCr15轴承钢、440c不锈钢钢球。纳米金属镀膜为纳米镀金膜、纳米镀铂膜、纳米镀钴膜。纳米金属镀膜可以通过电镀方式在钢球表面沉积。纳米金属镀膜的厚度为600~800nm。
所述含氢量24-30%的类金刚石薄膜是通过等离子化学气相沉积法或或反应磁控溅射法在基材表面沉积制得。类金刚石薄膜的厚度为700~1000nm。
将上述获得的纳米金属镀膜与类金刚石薄膜在CSM摩擦机上进行摩擦学性能检测实验：摩擦气氛环境为氩气，该过程注意控制湿度在5%左右，选择频率为5Hz，摩擦时间控制在30min，分别在1N、3N、5N、7N、10N载荷下进行实验，结果发现纳米金属镀膜在3N时球摩擦系数最低，为0.0019（见图2），实现了在氩气氛围下的超滑。
图3 为本发明纳米金属镀膜钢球与摩擦对偶面类金刚石薄膜在摩擦过程中摩擦界面的高分辨电镜照片。可以看出，纳米金属镀膜钢球与摩擦对偶面含氢量24-30%的类金刚石薄膜在摩擦过程中，非晶碳薄膜转变为更加有序的多层石墨烯结构。由于纳米金属的催化作用，在摩擦界面形成纳米石墨烯转移膜，而非公度接触的纳米石墨烯是实现界面超滑的根本原因。
附图说明
图1 为本发明所实现宏观工程超滑的示意图。
图2 为本发明不同金属膜球的最优摩擦系数图。
图3 为本发明摩擦界面的高分辨电镜照片。
具体实施方式
实施例1
（1）GCr15轴承钢（直径6mm），分别用四氯甲烷和无水乙醇超声30min，除去钢球表面的污垢杂质，清洗后检查钢球已清洗干净，准备用于镀膜；
（2）采用置换反应的电镀方式对钢球镀膜：取0.6g氯化铵，0.6g亚硫酸钠，再加入30ml水和10ml浓度为4g/L的氯金酸溶液，制得所需要的镀液；调节反应pH值为13，加入已准备好的待镀钢球，化学镀采用玻璃容器，维持温度60℃，控制反应时间为40min，即可获得镀金膜厚度600nm的钢球；
（3）采用等离子气相沉积法制备氢含量24% 的类金刚石薄膜，薄膜厚度为1000nm；
（4）将上述获得的镀金膜球与类金刚石薄膜在CSM摩擦机上进行摩擦学性能检测实验：摩擦气氛环境为氩气，该过程注意控制湿度在5%左右，选择频率为5Hz，摩擦时间控制在30min，分别在1N、3N、5N、7N、10N载荷下进行实验，结果发现镀金膜在3N时球摩擦系数最低，为0.0067（见图2）。
实施例2
（1）440c不锈钢球（直径5mm），分别用四氯甲烷和无水乙醇超声30min，除去钢球表面的污垢杂质，清洗后检查钢球已清洗干净，准备用于镀膜；
（2）采用置换反应的电镀方式对钢球镀膜：称取0.6g EDTA，0.6g氯化铵，再加入30ml水和10ml浓度为4g/L的氯铂酸钾溶液，制得所需要的镀液；调节反应pH值为13，之后加入已准备好的待镀钢球，化学镀采用玻璃容器，维持温度60℃，控制反应时间为40min，即可获得镀铂膜厚度800nm的钢球；
（3）等离子气相沉积法制备氢含量30% 的类金刚石薄膜，膜厚度为800nm；
（4）将上述获得的镀铂膜球与类金刚石薄膜在CSM摩擦机上进行摩擦学性能检测实验：摩擦气氛环境为氩气，该过程注意控制湿度在5%左右，选择频率为5Hz，摩擦时间控制在30min，分别在1N、3N、5N、7N、10N载荷下进行实验，结果发现镀金膜在5N时球摩擦系数最低，为0.0019（见图2）。
实施例3
（1）440c不锈钢球（直径10mm），分别用四氯甲烷和无水乙醇超声30min，除去钢球表面的污垢杂质，清洗后检查钢球已清洗干净，准备用于镀膜；
（2）采用置换反应的电镀方式对钢球镀膜：称取0.8g 氯化钴，2g酒石酸钾钠，再加入30ml水，制得所需要的镀液；调节反应pH值为13，之后加入已准备好的待镀钢球，化学镀采用玻璃容器，维持温度60℃，控制反应时间为40min，即可获得镀钴膜厚度800nm的钢球；
（3）等离子气相沉积法制备氢含量27% 的类金刚石薄膜：薄膜厚度800nm；
（4）将获得的镀铂膜球与类金刚石薄膜在CSM摩擦机上进行摩擦学性能检测实验：摩擦气氛环境为氩气，该过程注意控制湿度在5%左右，选择频率为5Hz，摩擦时间控制在30min，分别在1N、3N、5N、7N、10N载荷下进行实验，结果发现镀金膜在7N时球摩擦系数最低，为0.005（见图2）。
Claims (6)
1.一种通过纳米金属镀膜钢球与含氢碳薄膜配副实现宏观超滑的方法，其特征在于：是以纳米金属镀膜钢球与含氢量24-30%的类金刚石薄膜作为配副，摩擦过程中通过纳米金属的催化作用发生摩擦化学反应，在接触界面形成非公度接触的纳米石墨烯转移膜，从而实现宏观超滑。
2.如权利要求1所述一种通过纳米金属镀膜钢球与含氢碳薄膜配副实现宏观超滑的方法，其特征在于：纳米金属镀膜钢球的基底为GCr15轴承钢、440c不锈钢钢球。
3.如权利要求1所述一种通过纳米金属镀膜钢球与含氢碳薄膜配副实现宏观超滑的方法，其特征在于：纳米金属镀膜钢球的纳米金属镀膜为纳米镀金膜、纳米镀铂膜、纳米镀钴膜，且纳米金属镀膜的厚度为600~800nm。
4.如权利要求1所述一种通过纳米金属镀膜钢球与含氢碳薄膜配副实现宏观超滑的方法，其特征在于：所述纳米金属镀膜是通过电镀方式在钢球表面形成纳米金属薄膜。
5.如权利要求1所述一种通过纳米金属镀膜钢球与含氢碳薄膜配副实现宏观超滑的方法，其特征在于：所述含氢量24-30%的类金刚石薄膜是通过等离子化学气相沉积法或反应磁控溅射法在基材表面沉积制得。
6.如权利要求1所述一种通过纳米金属镀膜钢球与含氢碳薄膜配副实现宏观超滑的方法，其特征在于：类金刚石薄膜的厚度为700~1000nm 。
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