CN111777519B - 二胺 - Google Patents
二胺 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111777519B CN111777519B CN202010669052.3A CN202010669052A CN111777519B CN 111777519 B CN111777519 B CN 111777519B CN 202010669052 A CN202010669052 A CN 202010669052A CN 111777519 B CN111777519 B CN 111777519B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- group
- film
- polyamic acid
- bond
- Prior art date
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- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 181
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 88
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 64
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 51
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 46
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 35
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 34
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 30
- -1 dinitro compound Chemical class 0.000 description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 24
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 23
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 19
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 6
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SBHHKGFHJWTZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C)C(C(O)=O)C(C)(C(O)=O)C1C(O)=O SBHHKGFHJWTZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 5
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone Chemical compound CCN1CCCC1=O ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YSIKHBWUBSFBRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropanoic acid Chemical compound COCCC(O)=O YSIKHBWUBSFBRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)CO QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OITORPYZMSUZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-[2-(4-aminophenoxy)ethoxy]phenyl]aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(OCCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N)C=C1 OITORPYZMSUZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;palladium Chemical compound C.[Pd] UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl methyl ketone Natural products CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)O RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004009 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- FPZWZCWUIYYYBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC(C)=O FPZWZCWUIYYYBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOC(C)=O JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CETWDUZRCINIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)O CETWDUZRCINIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPGSWASWQBLSKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCOCCO UPGSWASWQBLSKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HXDLWJWIAHWIKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCO HXDLWJWIAHWIKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PFNHSEQQEPMLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-pentanol Chemical compound CCCC(C)CO PFNHSEQQEPMLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFRBDWRZVBPBDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)O WFRBDWRZVBPBDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- MXLMTQWGSQIYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-2-butanol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)O MXLMTQWGSQIYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HTSABYAWKQAHBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylcyclohexanol Chemical compound CC1CCCC(O)C1 HTSABYAWKQAHBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-n-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]butanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(F)(F)F VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-heptanone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)CCC HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8beta-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-14-acetoxytithifolin Natural products COC(=O)C(C)O LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZKSECIXORKHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heptan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)CC RZKSECIXORKHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTDOKEABADJULR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)([O-])C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)OCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)[N+](=O)[O-] Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)OCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)[N+](=O)[O-] BTDOKEABADJULR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGHQMSLDUXOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-yl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(=O)C(C)O DGHQMSLDUXOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PFKFTWBEEFSNDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyldiimidazole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N1C=CN=C1 PFKFTWBEEFSNDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910002026 crystalline silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 2
- ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N doxepin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC=CC=C2C(=C/CCN(C)C)/C2=CC=CC=C21 ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate Natural products COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;bromide;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[Br-] IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005641 methacryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M methanesulfonate group Chemical group CS(=O)(=O)[O-] AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound COCCC(=O)OC BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWKLZLBVOJRSOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl pyruvate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=O CWKLZLBVOJRSOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-IDEBNGHGSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)[13C]1=[13CH][13CH]=[13CH][13CH]=[13CH]1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-IDEBNGHGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Substances [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical group CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002306 tributylsilyl group Chemical group C(CCC)[Si](CCCC)(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/78—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/80—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C217/82—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C217/84—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring the oxygen atom of at least one of the etherified hydroxy groups being further bound to an acyclic carbon atom
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/44—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C211/49—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring having at least two amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/50—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring having at least two amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton with at least two amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/44—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C211/49—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring having at least two amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/50—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring having at least two amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton with at least two amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/51—Phenylenediamines
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/78—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/80—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C217/82—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C217/90—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring the oxygen atom of at least one of the etherified hydroxy groups being further bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring, e.g. amino-diphenylethers
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C219/00—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C219/34—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and esterified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/40—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/42—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton with carboxyl groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by saturated carbon chains
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/52—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/52—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/54—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino and carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C229/60—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino and carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring with amino and carboxyl groups bound in meta- or para- positions
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
- C07C235/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C235/04—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C235/16—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
- C07C237/28—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
- C07C237/40—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton having the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
- C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/12—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals
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- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
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- C07C271/22—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by carboxyl groups
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- C07C275/00—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C275/04—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C275/20—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton
- C07C275/24—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
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- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
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- C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
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- C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
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- C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
- C08G73/105—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain with oxygen only in the diamino moiety
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- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
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- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
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Abstract
提供一种下式所示的二胺,式中,R1及R2各自独立地为单键、‑O‑、‑S‑、‑NR12‑、酯键、酰胺键、硫酯键、脲键、碳酸酯键、或氨基甲酸酯键,R12为氢原子或甲基,A为碳数2~20的亚烷基。
Description
本申请是申请日为2016年3月23日、申请号为201680029992.8、发明名称为液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜及液晶表示元件的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及残影特性良好的液晶表示元件的制造中所使用的液晶取向剂、由该液晶取向剂得到的液晶取向膜、及具有该液晶取向膜的液晶表示元件。
背景技术
光取向法作为无摩擦的取向处理方法在工业上也是简便的制造工艺。特别是在IPS(平面切换,In-Plane-Switching)驱动方式、FFS(边界电场切换,Fringe-field-Switching)驱动方式的液晶表示元件中,通过使用通过上述的光取向法得到的液晶取向膜,与通过摩擦处理法得到的液晶取向膜相比,能够期待液晶表示元件的对比度、视角特性的提高。由此,能够提高液晶表示元件的性能,作为有前途的液晶取向处理方法而受到关注。
但是,通过光取向法得到的液晶取向膜与通过摩擦得到的液晶取向膜相比,存在相对于高分子膜的取向方向的各向异性小的问题。若各向异性小,则得不到充分的液晶取向性,在制成液晶表示元件时,存在产生残影等问题。
另一方面,作为使通过光取向法得到的液晶取向膜的各向异性提高的方法,提出了在光照射后将前述聚酰亚胺的主链因光照射而被切断从而生成的低分子量成分去除。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平9-297313号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2011-107266号公报
非专利文献
非专利文献1:“液晶光取向膜”木户脇、市村功能材料Vol.17(1997)No.11p.13-22
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
以往在IPS驱动方式、FFS驱动方式的液晶表示元件中使用正型液晶,但通过使用负型液晶,能减小在电极上部的透过损失,提高对比度。
若将通过光取向法得到的液晶取向膜用于使用了负型液晶的IPS驱动方式、FFS驱动方式的液晶表示元件,则可期待具有比以往的液晶表示元件高的显示性能。但是,本发明人进行了研究的结果可知,使用因基于光照射的聚合物的分解而出现各向异性、使液晶取向的所谓光分解型液晶取向膜和负性液晶来制作液晶表示元件时,由因偏光紫外线照射而产生的构成液晶取向膜的聚合物的分解产物导致的显示不良(亮点)的发生率高。
本发明的课题在于,提供用于获得即使使用负型液晶的情况下也可获得良好的残影特性而不产生亮点的光取向法用的液晶取向膜的液晶取向剂、由该液晶取向剂得到的液晶取向膜、及具备该液晶取向膜的液晶表示元件。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明人等为了解决上述问题而进行了深入研究,结果完成了本发明。即,本发明如下所示。
1.一种液晶取向剂,其含有选自由主链中具有下述式(1)所示结构的聚酰亚胺前体及该聚酰亚胺前体的酰亚胺化聚合物组成的组中的至少1种聚合物。
-B1-R1-A-R2-B2- (1)
(式中,R1及R2各自独立地为单键、-O-、-S-、-NR12-、酯键、酰胺键、硫酯键、脲键、碳酸酯键、或氨基甲酸酯键,R12为氢原子、或甲基。A为碳数2~20的亚烷基。B1及B2各自独立地为选自下述结构的2价有机基团,B1与B2不是同一结构。)
(式中,R4为碳数1~5的亚烷基。R5为氢原子、甲基、羟基或甲氧基。)
2.根据上述1所述的液晶取向剂,其中,前述聚酰亚胺前体为含有下述式(2)的结构单元的聚合物。
(式中,X1为选自由下述式(X1-1)及(X1-2)所示的结构组成的组中的至少1种。Y1为前述式(1)所示的2价有机基团。R3为氢原子或碳数1~5的烷基。Z1及Z2各自独立地为氢原子、或者任选具有取代基的、碳数1~10的烷基、碳数2~10的烯基或碳数2~10的炔基。)
3.根据上述2所述的液晶取向剂,其中,前述聚酰亚胺前体相对于全部结构单元,具有20~100摩尔%的前述式(2)所示结构单元。
4.根据上述2或3所述的光取向用液晶取向剂,其中,X1为下述式(X1-2)。
5.根据上述1~4中任一项所述的液晶取向剂,其中,前述式(1)的结构为下述结构。
(式中,A、R1及R2与前述定义相同。)
6.一种液晶取向膜,其是对涂布上述1~5中任一项所述的液晶取向剂并进行烧成而得到的膜照射经偏振的紫外线而得到的。
7.一种液晶表示元件,其具备上述6所述的液晶取向膜。
8.下式所示的二胺。
(式中,R1及R2各自独立地为单键、-O-、-S-、-NR12-、酯键、酰胺键、硫酯键、脲键、碳酸酯键、或氨基甲酸酯键,R12为氢原子或甲基,A为碳数2~20的亚烷基。)
发明的效果
通过使用本发明的液晶取向剂,可以获得能够抑制在光取向处理时产生的由源自液晶取向膜的分解产物导致的亮点、照射灵敏度高、具有优异的液晶取向性的液晶取向膜,可提供可靠性高而没有显示不良的液晶表示元件。
对通过使用本发明的液晶取向剂而获得上述效果的原因尚未明确,推测是因为,作为构成液晶取向剂的聚合物的原料使用的二胺具有特定的非对称结构,由此,通过光照射而产生的分解产物的溶解性及结晶性发生了变化。
具体实施方式
<特定结构>
构成本发明的液晶取向剂的聚合物的主链中含有上述式(1)所示的特定结构(以下,也称为特定结构。)。
-B1-R1-A-R2-B2- (1)
上述式(1)中,R1及R2各自独立地为单键、-O-、-S-、-NR12-、酯键、酰胺键、硫酯键、脲键、碳酸酯键、或氨基甲酸酯键,R12为氢原子或甲基。A为碳数2~20的亚烷基。B1及B2各自独立地为选自下述结构的2价有机基团,B1与B2不是同一结构。需要说明的是,通过使B1及B2不为同一结构,从而通过光照射产生的分解产物的溶解性及结晶性发生变化,能够抑制源自聚合物的分解成分的亮点。
上述式中,R4为碳数1~5的亚烷基。R5为氢原子、甲基、羟基或甲氧基。
需要说明的是,上述式(1)中,其中,R1、R2从液晶取向性的观点出发优选单键、-O-、-S-、-NR12-、酯键或酰胺键,特别优选-O-。另外,A从液晶取向性的观点出发优选碳链2~6的亚烷基、特别优选碳链2~4的亚烷基。
上述式中,R4从液晶取向性的观点出发,优选碳数1~3的亚烷基。R5从液晶取向性的观点出发优选氢原子或甲基。
上述特定结构优选包含在作为聚酰亚胺前体的原料的二胺中。作为具有上述特定结构的二胺的具体例,可列举出下述二胺,但不限定于这些。
(R5与前述定义相同。)
上述式中,对于R5及R12而言,包括各自优选的例子在内,与前述定义相同。
其中,从取向性及制成液晶表示元件时的亮点减少的观点出发,具有上述特定结构的二胺优选为具有以下结构的二胺。
上述式中,R1、R2、A包括各自优选的例子在内如上所述。作为具有上述特定结构的二胺,特别优选以下的二胺。
<二胺的合成>
以下对上述二胺的主要合成法进行详细叙述。需要说明的是,以下说明的方法为一个例子,并不限定于此。
本发明的二胺如下述反应式所示那样通过将二硝基化合物还原,将硝基转化为氨基而获得。需要说明的是,下述反应式将实施例中记载的二胺记载为1个例子。
对于将二硝基化合物还原的方法,不特别限制,可以例示出如下方法:使用钯-碳、氧化铂、雷尼镍、铂黑、铑-氧化铝、硫化铂碳等作为催化剂,在乙酸乙酯、甲苯、四氢呋喃、二噁烷、醇类等溶剂中,利用氢气、肼、氯化氢等进行还原的方法。根据需要可以使用高压釜等在加压下进行。另一方面,在取代苯环、饱和烃部的氢原子的取代基的结构中含有不饱和键部位的情况下,若使用钯碳、铂碳等,则有该不饱和键部位被还原,变为饱和键的担心。因此,优选使用还原铁、锡、氯化锡等过渡金属作为催化剂的还原条件。
在二硝基化合物的合成中,如下述反应式所示,通过使市售的联苯衍生物与被卤素等离去基团X取代的硝基苯反应,从而能够得到该二硝基化合物。作为优选的离去基团X,可列举出:氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、对甲苯磺酸酯基(-OTs)、甲磺酸酯基(-OMs)等。
上述反应可以在碱存在下进行。对于使用的碱,只要能进行合成就没有特别限定,可列举出碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸铯、醇钠、醇钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢化钠等无机碱、吡啶、二甲基氨基吡啶、三甲胺、三乙胺、三丁胺等有机碱等。另外,根据情况组合使用二亚苄基丙酮钯、二苯基膦基二茂铁钯之类的钯催化剂、铜催化剂等时,能够提高收率。从合成容易度的观点出发,优选使用碳酸钾的方法,但由于通过该方法以外的方法也能进行合成,因此不特别限定合成法。
<聚合物>
构成本发明的液晶取向剂的聚酰亚胺前体含有下述式(2)的结构单元。
X1为选自由下述式(X1-1)及(X1-2)所示的结构组成的组中的至少1种。其中,从液晶取向性的观点出发,优选下述式(X1-2)。
Y1为式(1)所示的2价有机基团。
R3为氢原子或碳数1~5的烷基。作为具体例,可列举出甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基等。从基于加热的酰亚胺化的容易度的观点出发,R3优选氢原子或甲基。
Z1及Z2各自独立地为氢原子、或者任选具有取代基的、碳数1~10的烷基、碳数2~10的烯基或碳数2~10的炔基。作为烷基的具体例,可列举出甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、叔丁基、己基、辛基、癸基、环戊基、环己基、二环己基等。作为烯基,可列举出将上述烷基中存在的1个以上的CH2-CH2结构置换为CH=CH结构而成的基团。具体而言,可列举出乙烯基、烯丙基、1-丙烯基、异丙烯基、2-丁烯基、1,3-丁二烯基、2-戊烯基、2-己烯基、环丙烯基、环戊烯基、环己烯基等。作为炔基,可列举出将前述烷基中存在的1个以上的CH2-CH2结构置换为C≡C结构而成的基团。具体而言,可列举出乙炔基、1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基等。
上述的烷基、烯基、及炔基可以具有取代基,也可以进而通过取代基形成环结构。需要说明的是,通过取代基形成环结构是指取代基彼此或取代基与母体骨架的一部分键合而形成环结构。
作为取代基的例子,可列举出卤素基团、羟基、硫醇基、硝基、芳基、有机氧基、有机硫基、有机甲硅烷基、酰基、酯基、硫酯基、磷酸酯基、酰胺基、烷基、烯基、炔基等。
作为卤素基团,可列举出氟原子、氯原子、溴原子或碘原子。
作为芳基,可列举出苯基。该芳基可以进一步被前述其它取代基取代。
作为有机氧基,可以示出O-R所示的结构。该R任选相同或不同,可以例示出前述的烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基等。这些R可以进而被前述取代基取代。作为具体例,可列举出:甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基等。
作为有机硫基,可以示出-S-R所示的结构。作为该R,可以例示出前述的烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基等。这些R可以进一步被前述取代基取代。作为具体例,可列举出甲硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基、丁硫基、戊硫基、己硫基、庚硫基、辛硫基等。
作为有机甲硅烷基,可以示出-Si-(R)3所示的结构。该R任选相同或不同,可以例示出前述的烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基等。这些R可以进一步被前述取代基取代。作为具体例,可列举出三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、三丙基甲硅烷基、三丁基甲硅烷基、三戊基甲硅烷基、三己基甲硅烷基、戊基二甲基甲硅烷基、己基二甲基甲硅烷基等。
作为酰基,可以示出-C(O)-R所示的结构。作为该R,可以例示出前述的烷基、烯基、芳基等。这些R可以进一步被前述取代基取代。作为具体例,可列举出甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基、丁酰基、异丁酰基、戊酰基、异戊酰基、苯甲酰基等。
作为酯基,可以示出-C(O)O-R、或-OC(O)-R所示的结构。作为该R,可以例示出前述的烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基等。这些R可以进一步被前述取代基取代。
作为硫酯基,可以示出-C(S)O-R、或-OC(S)-R所示的结构。作为该R,可以例示出前述的烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基等。这些R可以进一步被前述取代基取代。
作为磷酸酯基,可以示出-OP(O)-(OR)2所示的结构。该R任选相同或不同,可以例示出前述的烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基等。这些R可以进一步被前述取代基取代。
作为酰胺基,可以示出-C(O)NH2、或-C(O)NHR、-NHC(O)R、-C(O)N(R)2、-NRC(O)R所示的结构。该R任选相同或不同,可以例示出前述的烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基等。这些R可以进一步被前述取代基取代。
作为芳基,可列举出与前述芳基相同的基团。该芳基可以进一步被前述其它取代基取代。
作为烷基,可列举出与前述烷基相同的基团。该烷基可以进一步被前述其它取代基取代。
作为烯基,可列举出与前述烯基相同的基团。该烯基可以进一步被前述其它取代基取代。
作为炔基,可列举出与前述炔基相同的基团。该炔基可以进一步被前述其它取代基取代。
通常,若导入体积大的结构,则有可能使氨基的反应性、液晶取向性降低,因此,作为Z1及Z2,更优选氢原子、或任选具有取代基的碳数1~5的烷基,特别优选氢原子、甲基或乙基。
优选的是,相对于全部结构单元具有20~100摩尔%的上述式(2)所示的结构单元,从液晶取向性的观点出发,特别优选30~100摩尔%。
<其它的结构单元>
构成本发明的液晶取向剂的聚合物包含除上述式(2)的结构单元以外的结构单元的情况下,该结构单元由下述式(3)表示。
R3、Z1及Z2的定义与上述式(2)同样。
X2为4价有机基团,Y2为2价有机基团。
X2为源自四羧酸衍生物的4价有机基团,对其结构没有特别限定。在聚酰亚胺前体中,X2可以混合存在有2种以上。若示出X2的具体例,则可列举出下述式(X-1)~(X-44)的结构。
上述式(X-1)中的R8~R11各自独立地为氢原子、卤素原子、碳数1~6的烷基、碳数2~6的烯基、碳数2~6的炔基或苯基。R8~R11为体积大的结构时,有可能使液晶取向性降低,因此更优选氢原子、甲基或乙基,特别优选氢原子或甲基。
式(3)中,Y2为源自二胺的2价有机基团,对其结构没有特别限定。若示出Y2的结构的具体例,则可列举出下述的(Y-1)~(Y-118)。
(式(Y-109)中,m、n各自独立地为1~11的整数,m+n为2~12的整数,式(Y-114)中,h为1~3的整数,式(Y-111)及(Y-117)中,j为0~3的整数。)
本发明中使用的聚酰亚胺前体是由二胺成分与四羧酸衍生物的反应得到的,可列举出聚酰胺酸、聚酰胺酸酯等。
<聚酰亚胺前体(聚酰胺酸)>
作为本发明中所使用的聚酰亚胺前体的聚酰胺酸通过以下的方法来制造。
具体而言,可以通过使四羧酸二酐与二胺在有机溶剂的存在下、在-20~150℃、优选0~50℃下反应30分钟~24小时、优选1~12小时来合成。
二胺成分与四羧酸成分的反应通常在有机溶剂中进行。作为此时使用的有机溶剂,只要生成的聚酰亚胺前体溶解就没有特别限定。在下述列举出反应中使用的有机溶剂的具体例,但不限定于这些例子。例如可列举出N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮、γ-丁内酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜或1,3-二甲基咪唑啉酮。
另外,聚酰亚胺前体的溶解性高的情况下,可以使用甲乙酮、环己酮、环戊酮、4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮或下述的式[D-1]~式[D-3]所示的有机溶剂。
式[D-1]中,D1表示碳数1~3的烷基,式[D-2]中,D2表示碳数1~3的烷基,式[D-3]中,D3表示碳数1~4的烷基。
这些溶剂可以单独使用,也可以混合使用。进而,即使是不使聚酰亚胺前体溶解的溶剂,也可以在生成的聚酰亚胺前体不会析出的范围内与前述溶剂混合来使用。另外,由于溶剂中的水分会阻碍聚合反应、进而使生成的聚酰亚胺前体水解,因此溶剂优选使用经脱水干燥者。
从不易引起聚合物的析出、并且容易获得高分子量体的方面出发,反应体系中的聚酰胺酸聚合物的浓度优选1~30质量%、更优选5~20质量%。
对于如上所述地得到的聚酰胺酸,可以通过一边将反应溶液充分搅拌,一边向不良溶剂中注入来使聚合物析出并回收。另外,可以通过进行多次析出、用不良溶剂进行清洗后进行常温或加热干燥来获得经纯化的聚酰胺酸的粉末。对不良溶剂没有特别限定,可列举出水、甲醇、乙醇、己烷、丁基溶纤剂、丙酮、甲苯等。
<聚酰亚胺前体(聚酰胺酸酯)>
作为本发明中所使用的聚酰亚胺前体的聚酰胺酸酯可以通过以下所示的(1)、(2)或(3)的制法来制造。
(1)由聚酰胺酸制造的情况下
聚酰胺酸酯可以通过将如前所述地制造的聚酰胺酸酯化来制造。具体而言,可以通过使聚酰胺酸与酯化剂在有机溶剂的存在下、在-20~150℃、优选0~50℃下反应30分钟~24小时、优选1~4小时来制造。
作为酯化剂,优选能够通过纯化容易地去除的酯化剂,可列举出N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲基缩醛、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二乙基缩醛、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二丙基缩醛、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二新戊基丁基缩醛、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二叔丁基缩醛、1-甲基-3-对甲苯基三氮烯、1-乙基-3-对甲苯基三氮烯、1-丙基-3-对甲苯基三氮烯、氯化4-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吗啉等。酯化剂的添加量优选相对于聚酰胺酸的重复单元1摩尔为2~6摩尔当量。
作为有机溶剂,例如可列举出N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮或γ-丁内酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜或1,3-二甲基咪唑啉酮。另外,聚酰亚胺前体的溶剂溶解性高的情况下,可以使用甲乙酮、环己酮、环戊酮、4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮、或前述式[D-1]~式[D-3]所述的溶剂。
这些溶剂可以单独使用,也可以混合使用。进而,即使是不使聚酰亚胺前体溶解的溶剂,也可以在生成的聚酰亚胺前体不会析出的范围内与前述溶剂混合来使用。另外,由于溶剂中的水分会阻碍聚合反应、进而使生成的聚酰亚胺前体水解,因此溶剂优选使用经脱水干燥者。
从聚合物的溶解性出发,上述反应中使用的溶剂优选N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、或γ-丁内酯,它们可以使用1种或混合2种以上来使用。从不易引起聚合物的析出、并且容易获得高分子量体的方面出发,制造时的浓度优选1~30质量%、更优选5~20质量%。
(2)通过四羧酸二酯二氯化物与二胺的反应制造的情况下
聚酰胺酸酯可以由四羧酸二酯二氯化物和二胺制造。
具体而言,可以通过使四羧酸二酯二氯化物与二胺在碱和有机溶剂的存在下、在-20~150℃、优选0~50℃下反应30分钟~24小时、优选1~4小时来制造。
作为前述碱,可以使用吡啶、三乙胺、4-二甲基氨基吡啶等,为了使反应温和地进行,优选吡啶。对于碱的添加量,从为容易去除的量、并且容易获得高分子量体的方面出发,优选相对于四羧酸二酯二氯化物为2~4倍摩尔。
从单体及聚合物的溶解性出发,上述的反应中使用的溶剂优选N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、或γ-丁内酯,它们可以使用1种或混合2种以上来使用。从不易引起聚合物的析出、并且容易获得高分子量体的方面出发,制造时的聚合物浓度优选1~30质量%、更优选5~20质量%。另外,为防止四羧酸二酯二氯化物的水解,聚酰胺酸酯的制造中使用的溶剂优选尽可能经过了脱水,优选在氮气气氛中防止外部气体的混入。
(3)由四羧酸二酯和二胺制造的情况下
聚酰胺酸酯可以通过将四羧酸二酯和二胺缩聚来制造。
具体而言,可以通过使四羧酸二酯与二胺在缩合剂、碱及有机溶剂的存在下、在0~150℃、优选0~100℃下反应30分钟~24小时、优选3~15小时来制造。
前述缩合剂可以使用亚磷酸三苯酯、二环己基碳二亚胺、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N,N’-羰基二咪唑、二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪基甲基吗啉鎓、O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲四氟硼酸盐、O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐、(2,3-二氢-2-硫酮-3-苯并噁唑基)膦酸二苯酯等。缩合剂的添加量优选相对于四羧酸二酯为2~3倍摩尔。
作为前述碱,可以使用吡啶、三乙胺等叔胺。对于碱的添加量,从为容易去除的量、并且容易获得高分子量体的方面出发,优选相对于二胺成分为2~4倍摩尔。
另外,上述反应中,通过加入路易斯酸作为添加剂来使反应有效地进行。作为路易斯酸,优选氯化锂、溴化锂等卤化锂。路易斯酸的添加量优选相对于二胺成分为0~1.0倍摩尔。
上述3种聚酰胺酸酯的制造方法中,为了获得高分子量的聚酰胺酸酯,特别优选上述(1)或(2)的制法。
可以通过一边对如上所述地得到的聚酰胺酸酯的溶液进行充分搅拌,一边将其注入到不良溶剂中来使聚合物析出。进行多次析出,用不良溶剂进行清洗后,进行常温或加热干燥,从而能够得到经纯化的聚酰胺酸酯的粉末。对不良溶剂没有特别限定,可列举出水、甲醇、乙醇、己烷、丁基溶纤剂、丙酮、甲苯等。
<聚酰亚胺>
本发明中所使用的聚酰亚胺可以通过将前述聚酰胺酸酯或聚酰胺酸酰亚胺化来制造。
由聚酰胺酸酯制造聚酰亚胺的情况下,向聚酰胺酸酯溶液、或使聚酰胺酸酯树脂粉末溶解于有机溶剂而得到的聚酰胺酸溶液中添加碱性催化剂的化学酰亚胺化是简便的。化学酰亚胺化由于在较低的温度下进行酰亚胺化反应、在酰亚胺化的过程中不易引起聚合物的分子量降低,因此优选。
化学酰亚胺化可以通过将想要酰亚胺化的聚酰胺酸酯在有机溶剂中、在碱性催化剂存在下搅拌来进行。作为有机溶剂,可以使用在前述聚合反应时使用的溶剂。作为碱性催化剂,可列举出吡啶、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丁胺、三辛胺等。其中,三乙胺由于具有足以使反应进行的碱性,因此优选。
进行酰亚胺化反应时的温度为-20~140℃、优选为0~100℃,对于反应时间,优选可以进行1~100小时。碱性催化剂的量为酰胺酸酯基的0.5~30摩尔倍、优选2~20摩尔倍。得到的聚合物的酰亚胺化率可以通过调节催化剂量、温度、反应时间等来控制。由于在酰亚胺化反应后的溶液中残留有添加的催化剂等,因此优选的是,通过以下所述的方法回收所得酰亚胺化聚合物,用有机溶剂进行再溶解,制成本发明的液晶取向剂。
由聚酰胺酸制造聚酰亚胺的情况下,向通过二胺成分与四羧酸二酐的反应得到的聚酰胺酸的溶液中添加催化剂的化学酰亚胺化是简便的。化学酰亚胺化由于在较低温度下进行酰亚胺化反应、在酰亚胺化的过程中不易引起聚合物的分子量降低,因此优选。
化学酰亚胺化可以通过将想要酰亚胺化的聚酰胺酸在有机溶剂中、在碱性催化剂和酸酐的存在下搅拌来进行。作为有机溶剂,可以使用在前述聚合反应时使用的溶剂。作为碱性催化剂,可列举出吡啶、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丁胺、三辛胺等。其中吡啶由于具有对使反应进行而言适度的碱性,因此优选。另外,作为酸酐,可列举出乙酸酐、偏苯三酸酐、均苯四酸酐等。其中,乙酸酐由于反应结束后的纯化容易,因此优选。
进行酰亚胺化反应时的温度为-20~140℃、优选为0~100℃,对于反应时间,优选可以进行1~100小时。碱性催化剂的量为酰胺酸基的0.5~30摩尔倍、优选为2~20摩尔倍,酸酐的量为酰胺酸基的1~50摩尔倍、优选为3~30摩尔倍。得到的聚合物的酰亚胺化率可以通过调节催化剂量、温度、反应时间等来控制。
由于在聚酰胺酸酯或聚酰胺酸的酰亚胺化反应后的溶液中残留有添加的催化剂等,因此优选的是,通过以下所述的方法回收所得酰亚胺化聚合物,用有机溶剂进行再溶解,制成本发明的液晶取向剂。
可以通过一边对如上所述地得到的聚酰亚胺的溶液进行充分搅拌,一边将其注入到不良溶剂中来使聚合物析出。进行多次析出,用不良溶剂清洗后,进行常温或加热干燥,从而能够得到经纯化的聚酰亚胺的粉末。
作为不良溶剂,没有特别限定,可列举出甲醇、丙酮、己烷、丁基溶纤剂、庚烷、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、乙醇、甲苯、苯等。
<液晶取向剂>
本发明的液晶取向剂含有选自由主链中具有特定结构的聚酰亚胺前体及该聚酰亚胺前体的酰亚胺化聚合物组成的组中的至少1种聚合物。对于聚合物的分子量,以重均分子量(Mw)计优选2000~500000、更优选为5000~300000、进一步优选为10000~100000。另外,数均分子量(Mn)优选为1000~250000、更优选为2500~150000、进一步优选为5000~50000。
本发明的液晶取向剂中的聚合物的浓度可以根据要形成的涂膜的厚度的设定来适宜变更,从形成均匀且没有缺陷的涂膜的方面出发,优选为1质量%以上,从溶液的保存稳定性的方面出发,优选设为10质量%以下。聚合物的浓度优选为2~7质量%。
对于本发明中使用的液晶取向剂中所含有的使聚合物溶解的有机溶剂(以下,也称为良溶剂)而言,只要聚合物均匀地溶解,就没有特别限定。
例如,可列举出N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、γ-丁内酯、1,3-二甲基咪唑啉酮、甲乙酮、环己酮、环戊酮或4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮。其中,优选使用N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮、或γ-丁内酯。
进而,本发明的聚合物在溶剂中的溶解性高的情况下,优选使用前述式[D-1]~式[D-3]所示的溶剂。
本发明的液晶取向剂中的良溶剂的含量优选为液晶取向剂中所含的全部溶剂的20~99质量%。其中,优选20~90质量%。更优选为30~80质量%。
对于本发明的液晶取向剂,只要不损害本发明效果,可以使用使涂布液晶取向剂时的液晶取向膜的涂膜性、表面平滑性提高的溶剂(也称为不良溶剂)。以下列举出不良溶剂的具体例,但不限定于这些例子。
例如,可列举出乙醇、异丙醇、1-丁醇、2-丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、1-戊醇、2-戊醇、3-戊醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、异戊醇、叔戊醇、3-甲基-2-丁醇、新戊醇、1-己醇、2-甲基-1-戊醇、2-甲基-2-戊醇、2-乙基-1-丁醇、1-庚醇、2-庚醇、3-庚醇、1-辛醇、2-辛醇、2-乙基-1-己醇、环己醇、1-甲基环己醇、2-甲基环己醇、3-甲基环己醇、1,2-乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、2-乙基-1,3-己二醇、二丙醚、二丁醚、二己醚、二噁烷、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇二丁醚、1,2-丁氧基乙烷、二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇甲基乙基醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、2-戊酮、3-戊酮、2-己酮、2-庚酮、4-庚酮、3-乙氧基乙酸丁酯、乙酸-1-甲基戊酯、乙酸-2-乙基丁酯、乙酸-2-乙基己酯、乙二醇单乙酸酯、乙二醇二乙酸酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚乙酯、2-(甲氧基甲氧基)乙醇、乙二醇单丁醚、乙二醇单异戊基醚、乙二醇单己基醚、2-(己氧基)乙醇、糠醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、丙二醇单丁醚、1-(丁氧基乙氧基)丙醇、丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇、二丙二醇单甲醚、二丙二醇单乙醚、二丙二醇二甲醚、三丙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单丁醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单乙酸酯、乙二醇二乙酸酯、二乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇单丁醚乙酸酯、2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙基乙酸酯、二乙二醇乙酸酯、三乙二醇、三乙二醇单甲醚、三乙二醇单乙醚、乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸丙二醇单乙醚、丙酮酸甲酯、丙酮酸乙酯、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、3-乙氧基丙酸甲基乙酯、3-甲氧基丙酸乙酯、3-乙氧基丙酸、3-甲氧基丙酸、3-甲氧基丙酸丙酯、3-甲氧基丙酸丁酯、乳酸甲基酯、乳酸乙基酯、乳酸正丙基酯、乳酸正丁基酯、乳酸异戊基酯、前述式[D-1]~式[D-3]所示的溶剂等。
其中,优选1-己醇、环己醇、1,2-乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、丙二醇单丁醚、乙二醇单丁醚或二丙二醇二甲醚。
这些不良溶剂的含量优选为液晶取向剂中所含的全部溶剂的1~80质量%。其中,优选10~80质量%、更优选20~70质量%。
在本发明的液晶取向剂中,除上述成分以外,在不损害本发明效果的范围内,还可以添加除本发明中记载的聚合物以外的聚合物、用于改变液晶取向膜的介电常数、导电性等电特性的电介质或导电物质、用于提高液晶取向膜与基板的密合性的硅烷偶联剂、用于提高制成液晶取向膜时的膜的硬度、致密度的交联性化合物、以及在烧成涂膜时使聚酰亚胺前体效率良好地进行基于加热的酰亚胺化的酰亚胺化促进剂等。
<液晶取向膜>
本发明的液晶取向膜是将上述液晶取向剂涂布于基板上,进行干燥、烧成而得到的膜。作为涂布本发明的液晶取向剂的基板,只要是透明性高的基板,就没有特别限定,可以使用玻璃基板、氮化硅基板、丙烯酸类基板、聚碳酸酯基板等塑料基板等,从简化工艺的方面出发,使用形成有用于液晶驱动的ITO电极等的基板是优选的。另外,对于反射型的液晶表示元件,如果仅是单侧的基板,则也可以使用硅晶圆等不透明的物质,该情况下的电极也可以使用铝等反射光的材料。
作为本发明的液晶取向剂的涂布方法,可列举出旋转涂布法、印刷法、喷墨法等。
涂布液晶取向剂后的干燥、烧成工序可以选择任意温度和时间。通常为了充分去除所含有的有机溶剂,干燥温度优选为50~120℃,干燥时间优选为1~10分钟。另外,烧成温度优选为150~300℃、烧成时间优选为5~120分钟。
对烧成后的膜的厚度没有特别限定,若过薄,则可能损害液晶表示元件的可靠性,因此优选为5~300nm、更优选为10~120nm。
作为液晶取向膜的光取向处理的方法,可列举出如下方法:对涂膜表面照射向固定方向偏转了的辐射线,根据情况,进而在150~250℃的温度下进行加热处理,赋予液晶取向能的方法。作为辐射线,可以使用具有100~800nm的波长的紫外线及可见光线。其中,优选具有100~400nm的波长的紫外线、特别优选具有200~400nm的波长。另外,为了改善液晶取向性,可以将涂膜基板在50~250℃下进行加热,并照射辐射线。辐射线的照射量优选1~10000mJ/cm2、特别优选100~5000mJ/cm2。如上所述地制作的液晶取向膜可以使液晶分子沿固定方向稳定地取向。
为了赋予更高的各向异性,经偏振的紫外线的消光比越高越优选。具体而言,经沿直线偏振的紫外线的消光比优选10:1以上、更优选20:1以上。
照射了经偏振的辐射线的膜接着可以用包含选自水及有机溶剂的至少1种溶剂进行接触处理。
作为接触处理中使用的溶剂,只要是将通过光照射生成的分解产物溶解的溶剂,就没有特别限定。作为具体例,可列举出水、甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、丙酮、甲乙酮、1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、1-甲氧基-2-丙醇乙酸酯、丁基溶纤剂、乳酸乙酯、乳酸甲酯、二丙酮醇、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸环己酯等。这些溶剂可以组合使用2种以上。从通用性、安全性的方面出发,更优选选自由水、2-丙醇、1-甲氧基-2-丙醇及乳酸乙酯组成的组中的至少1种。特别优选水、2-丙醇、或水与2-丙醇的混合溶剂。
本发明中,作为照射了经偏振的辐射线的膜与包含有机溶剂的溶液的接触处理,可列举出浸渍处理、喷雾(spray)处理等,优选使膜与液体充分接触那样的处理。其中,优选在包含有机溶剂的溶液中对膜进行优选10秒~1小时、更优选1~30分钟浸渍处理的方法。接触处理也可以在常温下进行也可以加热来进行,优选在10~80℃、更优选在20~50℃下实施。另外,根据需要可以实施超声波等提高接触的方法。
在接触处理后,为了将使用的溶液中的有机溶剂去除,可以进行利用水、甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、丙酮、甲乙酮等低沸点溶剂的冲洗(rinse)、干燥中的任一者,或者可以进行两者。
进而,进行了利用溶剂的接触处理的膜可以出于溶剂的干燥及膜中的分子链的再取向的目的而在150℃以上进行加热。作为加热温度,优选150~300℃。虽然温度越高,越促进分子链的再取向,但若温度过高,则有伴有分子链分解的担心。因此,加热温度更优选180~250℃、特别优选200~230℃。
加热的时间过短时可能不能获得分子链的再取向的效果,过长时可能分子链会分解,因此优选10秒~30分钟、更优选1~10分钟。
<液晶表示元件>
本发明的液晶表示元件是在得到具有由本发明的液晶取向剂形成的液晶取向膜的基板后,通过公知的方法制作液晶单元,使用该单元而制成的元件。
作为液晶单元的制作方法的一个例子,以下以无源矩阵结构的液晶表示元件为例进行说明。需要说明的是,也可以是在构成图像显示的各像素部分设有TFT(薄膜晶体管,Thin Film Transistor)等开关元件的有源矩阵结构的液晶表示元件。
首先,准备透明的玻璃制的基板,在一个基板上设置共用电极,在另一基板上设置段电极。这些电极例如可以采用ITO电极,并以形成期望的图像显示的方式进行图案化。接着,在各基板上以覆盖共用电极和段电极的方式设置绝缘膜。绝缘膜例如可以采用通过溶胶-凝胶法形成的SiO2-TiO2形成的膜。
接着,在各基板上形成本发明的液晶取向膜。接着,使一个基板与另一基板以彼此的取向膜面相对的方式重合,用密封材料将周边粘接。为了控制基板间隙,优选的是通常在密封材料中混入间隔物。另外,优选的是,在未设置密封材料的面内部分也预先散布基板间隙控制用的间隔物。另外,在密封材料的一部分通常设置可从外部填充液晶的开口部。
接着,经过设于密封材料的开口部,向由2张基板和密封材料包围的空间内注入液晶材料。然后,用粘接剂将该开口部密封。对于注入,可以使用真空注入法,也可以使用在大气中利用毛细管现象的方法。接着,进行偏光板的设置。具体而言,在2张基板的与液晶层处于相反侧的面粘贴一对偏光板。经过以上的工序,由此获得本发明的液晶表示元件。
本发明中,作为密封剂,例如使用具有环氧基、丙烯酰基、甲基丙烯酰基、羟基、烯丙基、乙酰基等反应性基团的通过紫外线照射、加热而固化的树脂。特别优选使用具有环氧基和(甲基)丙烯酰基这两种反应性基团的固化树脂类。
为了提高粘接性、耐湿性等,上述密封剂中可以配混无机填充剂。作为可使用的无机填充剂,没有特别限定,具体而言,可列举出球状二氧化硅、熔融二氧化硅、结晶二氧化硅、氧化钛、钛黑、碳化硅、氮化硅、氮化硼、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、硫酸钡、硫酸钙、云母、滑石、粘土、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化锆、氢氧化铝、硅酸钙、硅酸铝、硅酸锂铝、硅酸锆、钛酸钡、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、二硫化钼、石棉等。优选为球状二氧化硅、熔融二氧化硅、结晶二氧化硅、氧化钛、钛黑、氮化硅、氮化硼、碳酸钙、硫酸钡、硫酸钙、云母、滑石、粘土、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、硅酸钙、硅酸铝等。前述的无机填充剂可以混合使用2种以上。
[实施例]
以下举出实施例,更详细地对本发明进行说明,但本发明不限定于这些。使用的化合物的缩写如下。
NMP:N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、BCS:丁基溶纤剂
[DA-1的合成(4’-(2-(4-氨基苯氧基)乙氧基)-[1,1’-联苯]-4-胺)]
第1步骤:4-硝基-4’-(2-(4-硝基苯氧基)乙氧基)-1,1’-联苯(DA-1-1)的合成
将4-羟基-4’-硝基联苯(10.0g、46.5mmol)溶解于DMF(40.0g),加入碳酸钾(17.2g、69.7mmol),在80℃下滴加β-溴-4-硝基苯乙醚(17.2g、69.7mmol)的DMF溶液(40.0g)。
直接在80℃下搅拌2小时,用高效液相色谱(以下,简写为HPLC)确认了原料的消失。然后,将反应液放冷至室温,加入水(500.0g)过滤出析出物,用水(100.0g)将过滤物清洗2次。用MeOH(500.0g)将所得过滤物清洗2次。过滤出析出物,在50℃下进行减压干燥,由此得到4-硝基-4’-(2-(4-硝基苯氧基)乙氧基)-1,1’-联苯(DA-1-1)(白色粉末、产量:17.6g、收率:99%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ8.22-8.29(m,4H,C6H4),7.94(d,J=7.2Hz,2H,C6H4),7.79(d,J=8.8Hz,2H,C6H4),7.25-7.15(m,4H,C6H4)4.54-4.45(m,4H,CH2).13C{1H}NMR(DMSO-d6):δ164.1,159.6,146.6,146.5,141.4,130.7,129.1,127.5,126.4,124.5,115.7,115.6,67.8,66.7(分别为s).
熔点(DSC):193℃
第2步骤:4’-(2-(4-氨基苯氧基)乙氧基)-[1,1’-联苯]-4-胺(DA-1)的合成
将DA-1-1(5.0g、13.1mmol)溶解于四氢呋喃(100.0g),加入5质量%钯-碳(0.1g),在氢气氛下、在室温下搅拌2小时。用HPLC确认了原料消失后,将反应液在四氢呋喃(800.0g)中溶解,通过过滤将催化剂去除后,将滤液浓缩。将析出的固体在庚烷(200.0g)中搅拌,进行清洗、过滤。对所得固体进行干燥,由此得到DA-1(白色粉末、产量:4.0g、收率:94%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ7.45(d,J=8.8Hz,2H,C6H4),7.29(d,J=8.8Hz,2H,C6H4),6.97(d,J=8.8Hz,2H,C6H4),6.70(d,J=8.8Hz,2H,C6H4),6.62(d,J=8.8Hz,2H,C6H4),6.52(d,J=8.8Hz,2H,C6H4),5.14(s,2H,NH2),4.64(s,2H,NH2),4.24(br,2H,CH2),4.16(br,2H,CH2).13C{1H}NMR(DMSO-d6):δ157.2,150.0,148.2,143.1,133.9,127.7,126.2,116.3,115.9,115.5,115.0,114.4,67.2,66.9(分别为s).
熔点(DSC):156℃
需要说明的是,合成例的氢核磁共振(1HNMR、500MHz)在氘代二甲基亚砜(DMSO-d6)溶剂中进行测定,化学位移用将四甲基硅烷做为内标时的δ值(ppm)表示。
[粘度]
对于各溶液的粘度,使用E型粘度计(TVE-22H、东机产业株式会社制),在样品量1.1mL、锥形转子TE-1(1°34’、R24)、温度25℃下进行测定。
[分子量]
GPC装置:Shodex公司制(GPC-101)、柱:Shodex公司制(KD803、KD805的串联)、柱温度:50℃、洗脱液:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(作为添加剂,溴化锂-水合物(LiBr·H2O)为30mmol/L、磷酸·无水晶体(正磷酸)为30mmol/L、四氢呋喃(THF)为10ml/L)、流速:1.0ml/分钟。
标准曲线制作用标准样品:东曹株式会社制TSK标准聚环氧乙烷(重均分子量(Mw);约900000、150000、100000及30000)、及Polymer Laboratories Ltd.制聚乙二醇(峰顶分子量(Mp);约12000、4000及1000)。
对于测定,为了避免峰重叠,分别对将900000、100000、12000及1000这4种混合而成的样品和将150000、30000及4000这3种混合而成的样品的2个样品进行测定。
[液晶单元的制作]
制作具备边界电场切换(Fringe Field Switching:FFS)模式液晶表示元件的构成的液晶单元。
准备30mm×50mm的大小、厚度为0.7mm的带电极的玻璃基板。在基板上,作为第1层,形成构成对电极的具备实心状图案的ITO电极。在第1层的对电极上,作为第2层,形成通过CVD法成膜而成的SiN(氮化硅)膜。第2层的SiN膜的膜厚为500nm,作为层间绝缘膜而起作用。在第2层的SiN膜上,作为第3层,配置将ITO膜图案化而形成的梳齿状的像素电极,形成第1像素及第2像素这2个像素。各像素的尺寸是长10mm、宽约5mm。此时,第1层的对电极与第3层的像素电极通过第2层的SiN膜的作用被电绝缘。
第3层的像素电极具有将中央部分弯曲而成的く字形的电极要素排列多个而构成的梳齿状的形状。各电极要素的短边方向的宽度为3μm,电极要素间的间隔为6μm。由于形成各像素的像素电极是将中央部分弯曲而成的く字形的电极要素排列多个而构成的,因此各像素的形状不是长方形形状,而是与电极要素同样地具备类似在中央部分弯曲的粗体的“く”字的形状。另外,各像素以其中央的弯曲部分为边界被分割为上下部分,具有弯曲部分的上侧的第1区域和下侧的第2区域。
若将各像素的第1区域和第2区域进行比较,则构成它们的像素电极的电极要素的形成方向不同。即,将后述的液晶取向膜的摩擦方向作为基准的情况下,在像素的第1区域以成+10°的角度(顺时针)的方式形成有像素电极的电极要素,在像素的第2区域以成-10°的角度(顺时针)的方式形成有像素电极的电极要素。即,在各像素的第1区域和第2区域中,以通过像素电极与对电极之间的电压施加而诱发的液晶在基板面内的旋转动作(平面·切换)的方向彼此呈相反方向的方式构成。
接着,用1.0μm的过滤器将液晶取向剂过滤后,通过旋转涂布涂布在准备好的上述带电极的基板上、和背面形成有ITO膜的具有高度4μm的柱状间隔物的玻璃基板上。涂布后,在80℃的热板上干燥5分钟,然后在230℃的热风循环式烘箱中进行20分钟烧成,形成膜厚100nm的涂膜。隔着偏光板对该涂膜面照射消光比为10:1以上的经直线偏振的波长254nm的紫外线。使该基板浸渍于选自水及有机溶剂的至少1种溶剂中3分钟,接着,浸渍于纯水1分钟,然后,在150~300℃的热板上加热5分钟,得到带液晶取向膜的基板。
以2张基板为一组,在一个基板上印刷密封剂,以液晶取向膜面相对、取向方向为0°的方式粘贴另一基板后,使密封剂固化,从而制作空单元。通过减压注入法向该空单元注入液晶MLC-7026-100(默克公司制),将注入口密封,从而得到FFS驱动液晶单元。然后,将得到的液晶单元在110℃下加热1小时,放置一晩后用于各评价。
[基于长期交流驱动的残影评价]
准备与上述液晶单元同样结构的液晶单元,在60℃的恒温环境下以频率60Hz施加±5V的交流电压120小时。然后,使液晶单元的像素电极与对电极之间成为短路状态,以该状态在室温下放置一天。
放置后,在以偏光轴正交的方式配置的2张偏光板间设置液晶单元,在无电压施加的状态下点亮背光灯,调整液晶单元的配置角度以使透射光的亮度最小。然后,算出从第1像素的第2区域变最暗的角度起直至第1区域变最暗的角度为止使液晶单元旋转时的旋转角度作为角度Δ。第2像素也与第1像素的情况同样,比较第2区域和第1区域,算出同样的角度Δ。
[液晶单元的亮点的评价(对比度)]
进行上述液晶单元的亮点的评价。液晶单元的亮点的评价通过用偏光显微镜(ECLIPSEE600WPOL)(尼康株式会社制)观察液晶单元来进行。具体而言,在交叉棱镜设置液晶单元,用使倍率为5倍的偏光显微镜观察液晶单元,数出确认到的亮点的数量,将亮点的数量不足10个记为“良好”,将10个以上记为“不良”。
<合成例1>
称取1.44g(4.50mmol)的DA-1及0.49g(4.53mmol)的DA-2至带搅拌装置及带氮气导入管的50mL四口烧瓶中,加入NMP25.38g,一边送入氮气一边进行搅拌,使其溶解。一边搅拌该二胺溶液,一边添加1,3-二甲基-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐1.92g(8.56mmol),进而,以固体成分浓度成为12质量%的方式加入NMP 2.82g,在室温下搅拌24小时,得到聚酰胺酸溶液(A)。该聚酰胺酸溶液在温度25℃下的粘度为1680mPa·s。另外,该聚酰胺酸的分子量为Mn=14700、Mw=35000。
<合成例2>
称取2.24g(7.00mmol)的DA-1至带搅拌装置及带氮气导入管的50mL四口烧瓶中,加入NMP 24.64g,一边送入氮气一边进行搅拌,使其溶解。一边搅拌该二胺溶液,一边添加1,3-二甲基-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐1.49g(6.65mmol),进而,以固体成分浓度成为12质量%的方式加入NMP 2.73g,在室温下搅拌24小时,得到聚酰胺酸溶液(B)。该聚酰胺酸溶液在温度25℃下的粘度为2650mPa·s。另外,该聚酰胺酸的分子量为Mn=21300、Mw=52300。
<合成例3>
称取1.51g(4.71mmol)的DA-1及1.14g(4.71mmol)的DA-3至带搅拌装置及带氮气导入管的50mL四口烧瓶中,加入NMP 16.99g,一边送入氮气一边进行搅拌,使其溶解。一边搅拌该二胺溶液,一边添加1,3-二甲基-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐2.07g(9.23mmol),进而,以固体成分浓度成为20质量%的方式加入NMP 1.89g,在40℃下搅拌24小时,得到聚酰胺酸溶液(C)。该聚酰胺酸溶液在温度25℃下的粘度为5000mPa·s。另外,该聚酰胺酸的分子量为Mn=13900、Mw=34100。
<合成例4>
称取1.59g(6.51mmol)的DA-4及0.70g(6.47mmol)的DA-2至带搅拌装置及带氮气导入管的50mL四口烧瓶中,加入NMP 33.07g,一边送入氮气一边进行搅拌,使其溶解。一边搅拌该二胺溶液,一边添加1,3-二甲基-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐2.71g(12.09mmol),进而,以固体成分浓度成为12质量%的方式加入NMP 3.67g,在室温下搅拌24小时,得到聚酰胺酸溶液(D)。该聚酰胺酸溶液在温度25℃下的粘度为360mPa·s。另外,该聚酰胺酸的分子量为Mn=14500、Mw=30200。
<合成例5>
称取1,3-二甲基-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐3.59g(16.01mmol)至带搅拌装置及带氮气导入管的50mL四口烧瓶中,加入NMP 34.18g,一边送入氮气一边进行搅拌,使其溶解。一边搅拌该酸二酐溶液,一边添加1.59g(14.70mmol)的DA-2,进而,以固体成分浓度成为12质量%的方式加入NMP 3.80g,在室温下搅拌24小时,得到聚酰胺酸溶液(E)。该聚酰胺酸溶液在温度25℃下的粘度为200mPa·s。另外,该聚酰胺酸的分子量为Mn=12600、Mw=30500。
<实施例1>
称取12质量%的聚酰胺酸溶液(A)15.00g至100ml三角烧瓶中,加入NMP 9.00g及BCS 6.00g,在25℃下混合8小时,得到液晶取向剂(1)。在液晶取向剂中未观察到浑浊、析出等异常,确认了是均匀的溶液。
<实施例2>
使用聚酰胺酸溶液(B)代替聚酰胺酸溶液(A),除此以外,与实施例1同样地进行处理,得到液晶取向剂(2)。在液晶取向剂中未观察到浑浊、析出等异常,确认了是均匀的溶液。
<实施例3>
称取20质量%的聚酰胺酸溶液(C)9.00g至100ml三角烧瓶中,加入NMP 15.00g、BCS 6.00g,在25℃下混合8小时,得到液晶取向剂(3)。在液晶取向剂中未观察到浑浊、析出等异常,确认了是均匀的溶液。
<比较例1>
使用聚酰胺酸溶液(D)代替聚酰胺酸溶液(A),除此以外,与实施例1同样地进行处理,得到液晶取向剂(4)。在液晶取向剂中未观察到浑浊、析出等异常,确认了是均匀的溶液。
<比较例2>
使用聚酰胺酸溶液(E)代替聚酰胺酸溶液(A),除此以外,与实施例1同样地进行处理,得到液晶取向剂(5)。在液晶取向剂中未观察到浑浊、析出等异常,确认了是均匀的溶液。
<实施例4>
用1.0μm的过滤器将上述液晶取向剂(1)过滤后,通过旋转涂布涂布在上述带电极的基板上、和背面形成有ITO膜的具有高度4μm的柱状间隔物的玻璃基板上。接着,在80℃的热板上干燥5分钟,在230℃的热风循环式烘箱中进行20分钟烧成,形成膜厚100nm的涂膜。隔着偏光板对该涂膜面以0.2J/cm2照射消光比为26:1的经直线偏振的波长254nm的紫外线。然后,在230℃的热板上加热14分钟,得到带液晶取向膜的基板。
以2张基板为一组,在一个基板上印刷密封剂,以液晶取向膜面相对、取向方向为0°的方式粘贴另一基板。然后,使密封剂固化,从而制作空单元。通过减压注入法向该空单元注入液晶MLC-7026-100(默克公司制),接着,将注入口密封,得到FFS驱动液晶单元。然后,将得到的液晶单元在110℃下加热1小时,放置一晩,实施基于长期交流驱动的残影评价。长期交流驱动后的该液晶单元的角度Δ的值为0.01°。另外,进行了液晶单元中的亮点观察,结果亮点的数量不足10个,为良好。
<实施例5>
除了使用上述液晶取向剂(2)以外,通过与实施例4同样的方法形成涂膜。隔着偏光板对该涂膜面以0.5J/cm2照射消光比为26:1的经直线偏振的波长254nm的紫外线。然后,在230℃的热板上加热14分钟,得到带液晶取向膜的基板。除了使用该带液晶取向膜的基板以外,通过与实施例4同样的方法制作FFS驱动液晶单元,对得到的液晶单元实施与实施例4同样的评价。其结果,角度Δ的值为0.03°。另外,亮点的数量不足10个,为良好。
<实施例6>
除了使用上述液晶取向剂(3)以外,通过与实施例4同样的方法形成涂膜,照射紫外线,进行加热,得到带液晶取向膜的基板。除了使用该带液晶取向膜的基板以外,通过与实施例4同样的方法制作FFS驱动液晶单元,对得到的液晶单元实施与实施例4同样的评价。其结果,角度Δ的值为0.02°。另外,亮点的数量不足10个,为良好。
<比较例3>
除了使用上述液晶取向剂(4)以外,通过与实施例4同样的方法形成涂膜,照射紫外线,进行加热,得到带液晶取向膜的基板。除了使用该带液晶取向膜的基板以外,通过与实施例4同样的方法制作FFS驱动液晶单元,对得到的液晶单元实施与实施例4同样的评价。其结果,角度Δ的值为0.10°。另外,亮点的数量为10个以上,为不良。
<比较例4>
除了使用上述液晶取向剂(5)以外,通过与实施例4同样的方法形成涂膜,以0.5J/cm2照射紫外线,进行加热,得到带液晶取向膜的基板。除了使用该带液晶取向膜的基板以外,通过与实施例4同样的方法制作FFS驱动液晶单元,对得到的液晶单元实施与实施例4同样的评价。其结果,角度Δ的值为0.19°。另外,亮点的数量为10个以上,为不良。
[表1]
亮点评价 | 残影评价(取向性) | |
实施例4 | 良好 | 0.01° |
实施例5 | 良好 | 0.03° |
实施例6 | 良好 | 0.02° |
比较例3 | 不良 | 0.10° |
比较例4 | 不良 | 0.19° |
产业上的可利用性
本发明的液晶取向剂能形成即使使用负型液晶的情况下也能具有良好的残影特性而不产生亮点的光取向法用的液晶取向膜,可以用于高显示品质的FFS驱动方式的液晶表示元件等。
需要说明的是,将2015年3月24日申请的日本专利申请2015-061095号的说明书、权利要求书、及摘要的全部内容引用至此处,作为本发明的说明书的公开而并入。
Claims (1)
1.一种下式所示的二胺,
式中,R1及R2各自独立地为单键、-O-、-S-、-NR12-、酯键、酰胺键,R12为氢原子或甲基,A为碳数2~6的亚烷基。
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