CN111758435A - Movable planting system for grapes and application of movable planting system in grape ripening period regulation - Google Patents
Movable planting system for grapes and application of movable planting system in grape ripening period regulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111758435A CN111758435A CN202010704102.7A CN202010704102A CN111758435A CN 111758435 A CN111758435 A CN 111758435A CN 202010704102 A CN202010704102 A CN 202010704102A CN 111758435 A CN111758435 A CN 111758435A
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- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007958 sleep Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009355 double cropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014634 leaf senescence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010198 maturation time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a movable grape planting system, which consists of a root system fixing device, a matrix fixing device and a tree body supporting device; and provides the application of the grape mature period regulating agent in regulating the grape mature period, which comprises the following steps: 1) pre-planting management 2) in-planting management 3) dormancy management 4) post-dormancy management. The invention provides a mobile planting system of grapes and application thereof in regulating and controlling the grape ripening period, which have the following beneficial effects: after the grapes are planted, the grapes can be sold at different periods at any time due to the fact that roots of the grapes are protected, and the grape root fixing device can be taken out of the planting pot, so that transplanting is facilitated, and the survival rate is improved; the grapes are planted by using the container, and the winter bud cultivation time can be determined according to the maturity stage by adding the characteristic of mobility, the concentrated forced dormancy is carried out in a cold storage, the grapes are concentrated and placed in the cold storage in a three-dimensional manner, the space is saved, the low temperature is controlled to be 7 ℃, and the cost of the cold storage is low; the grape ripening period is accurately controlled, and the commodity value is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of facility agricultural planting, in particular to a mobile planting system for grapes and application of the mobile planting system in adjusting and controlling the maturity period of the grapes.
Background
The grape maturity stage regulation and movable planting is a new fruit tree planting mode, has the characteristics of movable planting places, product sale at any time, contribution to regulation and control of grape maturity stage and the like, and is particularly suitable for alternate-season production, high-standard vineyard construction, non-cultivated land grape planting, exhibition arrangement, family planting and the like.
The grape ripening stage regulation and control, namely the change of the grape ripening stage, is an important aspect for improving the planting benefit of fruit trees, for example, facility grape early-promoting cultivation in the eastern part of China, delayed cultivation in the northwest and the northeast part of China and the like are all realized by utilizing facility cultivation, the advance or delay of the grape phenological stage is realized by changing the temperature in the facility, the grapes are off-peak and come into the market after being ripened, and the benefit is greatly increased. However, the traditional grape planting is generally carried out in a field or a facility, and the key indexes of light, temperature and the like in grape maturation period regulation are mainly determined by local climate conditions and are only limited to be carried out in early spring or autumn and winter, so that the limitation is large and the regulation effect is poor. The invention aims of the cultivation method for delaying leaf senescence and storing grapes by hanging trees on fruits (application publication No. CN110036818A, 2019.07.23) and the cultivation method for grapes appearing on the market in spring festival of New year (application publication No. CN109937788A, application publication No. 2019.06.28) and the cultivation method for delaying and promoting double cropping of grapes under protected cultivation (application publication No. CN109566255A, application publication No. 2019.04.05) disclosed by the invention publications are consistent with the invention patent, namely, the ripening time of grapes is changed by various planting technologies, so that the benefit is maximized. Different from the patent, each technical means adopted by the method is limited by the planting mode, can only be carried out in the original planting field, is greatly influenced by facility space, and is difficult to realize real delay or advance of the phenological period. For example, in summer, in a facility with an area of more than 1000 square meters, the dormancy of grapes is difficult to force by cooling the facility, or the cost is very high, the deep dormancy temperature of the grapes needs to be below 7 ℃ and lasts for more than 30 days, so that the utilization effect of winter buds of the grapes is poor, the capability of the auxiliary buds of the grapes for flowering and fruiting is higher than that of summer buds, and the quality of produced fruits is also high. If the mature period of the grapes is regulated at any time all the year round, the traditional planting mode needs to be changed, and the grapes with mature winter buds of bearing branches can be concentrated in a small-area according to production requirements and are subjected to cold treatment to complete dormancy. In addition, grapes belong to fruit trees, and the trees are tall after fruiting, and when the grapes are cultivated by using a substrate, a supporting device is required to be used for preventing the trees from inclining.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a mobile grape planting system and application thereof in adjusting and controlling the maturity of grapes, and mainly solves the defects that a grape tree is difficult to move and the maturity is difficult to adjust and control in a traditional planting mode.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a mobile planting system for grapes is composed of a root system fixing device 1, a matrix fixing device 2 and a tree body supporting device 3;
the root system fixing device 1 and the matrix fixing device 2 are both made of hard grid materials;
the root fixing device 1 is of a fan-shaped structure with a triangular prism at the center, namely three side surface grids of the triangular prism respectively extend to one direction, and a separation net 4 adaptive to the shape of the inner cavity of the triangular prism is arranged in the inner cavity of the triangular prism;
the substrate fixing device 2 is of a cylindrical structure with an open top end;
the tree body supporting device 3 is of an integrated T-shaped structure consisting of a vertical support 5 and a horizontal support 6;
the inner cavity of the cylindrical structure of the matrix fixing device 2 is matched with the size of the root fixing device 1;
root system fixing device 1 is for dismantling the connection with matrix fixing device 2, the vertical braces 5 of tree body strutting arrangement 3 sets up in matrix of matrix fixing device 2 through separating net 4.
Furthermore, in the mobile planting system for grapes, the grid specification of the root fixing device 1 is 2.5cm × 2.5cm, and the grid specification of the substrate fixing device 2 is 1cm × 1 cm.
Further, in the mobile planting system for grapes, the root fixing device 1 is used for respectively fixing one edge of each of three equal-area net sheets to one third of each of the adjacent net sheets to form a fan-shaped structure with a triangular prism at the center, and the remaining two thirds of each net sheet are extension parts of each side surface of the triangular prism; the size of the triangular prism is adapted to the size of a grape root system; the separation net 4 is fixedly arranged at one third of the middle upper part of the inner cavity of the triangular prism and plays a role in supporting the root system of the grape.
Further, in the mobile planting system for grapes, the diameter of the inner cavity of the cylindrical structure of the substrate fixing device 2 is 20-50 cm;
the second purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the mobile planting system for the grapes in the maturity stage regulation and control.
Further, the application and the method for regulating the grape ripening period comprise the following steps:
1) pre-planting management: before planting, placing the mobile planting system into a planting pot 7, filling the matrix under the separation net 4, and compacting;
2) managing in planting: during planting, the root systems of the grapes are placed on the separation net 4, the thick root systems penetrate through the grids and are uniformly distributed, the matrix is filled in the grids and compacted, then the vertical supports 5 of the tree body supporting device 3 are inserted into the matrix of the matrix fixing device 2 through the separation net 4, the height of the vertical supports is consistent with that of the tree body, the trunk is tied on the vertical supports 5, the horizontal part of the tree body is tied on the horizontal supports 6, conventional soil, fertilizer and water management is carried out, and the grape tree is cultivated into a T-shaped tree shape within one year after primary planting;
3) dormancy management: forced dormancy, wherein grapes grow in the facility for 3-4 months, and when flower buds are full, the grapes are moved into a cold storage warehouse and placed in a three-dimensional mode, the temperature of the cold storage warehouse is lowered by 2 ℃ every day, the temperature is gradually lowered to 7 ℃, and forced dormancy is carried out for 20-30 days;
4) and (3) management after dormancy: after the dormancy is broken, the planting pot 7 is moved into a facility, and shading treatment is adopted before leaf spreading and in the flowering period.
Further, in the above application, in the pre-implantation management of step 1), the matrix is a matrix containing more than 40 wt% of fibrous materials.
Further, in the application, in the planting management in the step 2), the tree shape of the T shape cultivated in the first year means that the trunk and the horizontal part of the tree body of the grape are pinched in the first year when the new tip in the vertical direction is 50-70cm long, two new tips are sent out in the horizontal direction after pinching, and pinching is carried out again when the new tips are 50cm long, so that the whole tree shape can be in the structure of the T shape.
Further, in the above application, in the sleep management of step 3),
before forced dormancy, keeping 1 strong tip for newly planted trees of 1 year for cultivation, pinching when the new tip grows to 50-70cm, cultivating two branches in the horizontal direction, pinching again when each tip grows to 50cm, cultivating fruiting branches, and preparing to move to a refrigerator for forced dormancy when the thickness of the fruiting branches is cultivated to 0.8cm, the length is 1.5m and winter buds are fully developed;
or before forced dormancy, keeping two buds for each fruiting branch group of the formed tree body for two or more years, culturing, repeatedly pinching and removing side tips when the fruiting branch group grows to 50cm, timely shearing off fruit ears to promote flower bud differentiation, and preparing to move to a refrigeration house to start forced dormancy when the fruiting branch is cultured to 0.8cm in thickness and 1.5m in length;
the three-dimensional arrangement of the planting pots 7 in the refrigeration house means that 12 pots are placed in each square meter range;
before the forced dormancy, the temperature in the refrigerator is reduced by 2 ℃ every day from the room temperature, the temperature is gradually reduced to 7 ℃, after leaves turn yellow, the leaves are picked, and the bearing branches are trimmed by 3 buds;
the forced dormancy is realized by adopting a centralized refrigeration house dormancy method, wherein the temperature of the refrigeration house is 7 ℃, the humidity is 60-70%, and the forced dormancy lasts for 20-30 days according to different grape varieties.
Further, in the above application, in the management after dormancy in the step 4), the temperature in the cold storage is gradually increased after dormancy is finished, the temperature increase rate is 3 ℃ per day, and the cold storage is moved to facility management after the temperature is increased to 20 ℃; the management of the facilities moved in is to adopt shading or semi-shading management before the leaves are spread, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be more than 60% in the daytime, the temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the temperature in the facilities is gradually increased after the leaves are spread, the shading management in the flowering phase is carried out, the temperature is not more than 30 ℃, and the management of normal temperature and soil, fertilizer and water is carried out after the flowering phase is finished; the normal temperature management is that the highest temperature is lower than 33 ℃ in the noon and the lowest temperature is maintained above 10 ℃ at night.
Has the advantages that:
the mobile planting system for the grapes and the application of the mobile planting system in the grape ripening period regulation have the following beneficial effects:
(1) after the grapes are planted, the roots are protected and can be sold at different periods, the grape root fixing device can be taken out of the planting pot, transplanting is facilitated, the transplanting survival rate reaches 100% before germination in spring, and the transplanting survival rate also reaches 95% at other times;
(2) the grapes are planted in the container, the winter bud culture time can be determined according to the maturity period by the aid of the characteristic of mobility, the grapes are intensively and forcibly dormant in the cold storage, the grapes are intensively and three-dimensionally placed in the cold storage, the space is saved by over 800%, the low temperature is controlled at 7 ℃, and the use cost of the cold storage is only 1.2 yuan/plant/month;
(3) the grape ripening period is accurately controlled, the commodity value is greatly improved to 30 yuan/kg, and the commodity value is improved by 1 time compared with the common grape cultivated after delay.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a mobile grape planting system according to the present invention;
wherein, 1 is a root system fixing device, 2 is a matrix fixing device, 3 is a tree body supporting device, and 7 is a planting pot; j is the gap between the matrix fixing device and the planting pot, and k is the space between the root system fixing device and the matrix fixing device.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the root system fixing device 1;
wherein 4 is a separation net; the root system fixing device 1 is formed by splicing three pieces of wire netting (such as a square cdc'd ') with the same area, wherein a triangle a ' b ' c ' is a middle separation net 4, and a rectangle (such as bb ' dd ') is an extension part of each surface of a triangular prism.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the substrate holding device 2;
wherein e is a side net, and f is a bottom net.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the tree supporting device 3;
wherein 5 is a vertical support, and 6 is a horizontal support.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the method for regulating and controlling the grape ripening period adopts a mobile planting system of grapes, and comprises the following steps:
1) pre-planting management: before planting, placing the mobile planting system into a planting pot 7, filling the matrix under the separation net 4, and compacting;
2) managing in planting: during planting, the root systems of the grapes are placed on the separation net 4, the thick root systems penetrate through the grids and are uniformly distributed, the matrix is filled in the grids and compacted, then the vertical supports 5 of the tree body supporting device 3 are inserted into the matrix of the matrix fixing device 2 through the separation net 4, the height of the vertical supports is consistent with that of the tree body, the trunk is tied on the vertical supports 5, the horizontal part of the tree body is tied on the horizontal supports 6, conventional soil, fertilizer and water management is carried out, and the grape tree is cultivated into a T-shaped tree shape within one year after primary planting;
3) dormancy management: forced dormancy, wherein grapes grow in the facility for 3-4 months, and when flower buds are full, the grapes are moved into a cold storage warehouse and placed in a three-dimensional mode, the temperature of the cold storage warehouse is lowered by 2 ℃ every day, the temperature is gradually lowered to 7 ℃, and forced dormancy is carried out for 20-30 days;
4) and (3) management after dormancy: after the dormancy is broken, the planting pot 7 is moved into a facility, and shading treatment is adopted before leaf spreading and in the flowering period;
wherein,
the mobile planting system consists of a root system fixing device 1, a matrix fixing device 2 and a tree body supporting device 3;
the root system fixing device 1 and the matrix fixing device 2 are both made of hard grid materials;
the root system fixing device 1 is a fan-shaped structure with a triangular prism at the center, namely three side surface grids of the triangular prism respectively extend to one part in the same direction, and a separation net 4 which is adaptive to the shape of the inner cavity of the triangular prism is arranged in the inner cavity of the triangular prism;
the substrate fixing device 2 is a cylindrical structure with an open top end;
the tree body supporting device 3 is an integrated T-shaped structure consisting of a vertical support 5 and a horizontal support 6;
the inner cavity of the cylindrical structure of the matrix fixing device 2 is matched with the size of the root fixing device 1;
the root system fixing device 1 is detachably connected with the matrix fixing device 2, and the vertical support 5 of the tree body supporting device 3 is arranged in the matrix of the matrix fixing device 2 through the separation net 4;
the grid specification of the root system fixing device 1 is 2.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm, and the grid specification of the matrix fixing device 2 is 1cm multiplied by 1 cm.
The root system fixing device 1 is used for respectively fixing one side of three meshes with equal area at one third of the adjacent meshes to form a fan-shaped structure with a triangular prism at the center, and the remaining two thirds of each mesh are extension parts of each side surface of the triangular prism; the size of the triangular prism is adapted to the size of a grape root system; the separation net 4 is fixedly arranged at one third of the middle upper part of the inner cavity of the triangular prism and plays a role in supporting the root system of the grape.
The diameter of the inner cavity of the cylindrical structure of the matrix fixing device 2 is 20-50 cm;
wherein,
in the pre-planting management of the step 1), the substrate is a substrate containing more than 40 weight percent of fibrous materials;
in the planting management of the step 2), the cultivation of the grape into the T-shaped tree in the initial planting year means that the trunk and the horizontal part of the tree body of the grape are pinched in the first year when the new tip in the vertical direction grows to 50-70cm, two new tips are sent out in the horizontal direction after pinching, and pinching is carried out again when the new tips grow to 50cm respectively, so that the whole tree can be in the T-shaped structure.
In the sleep management of the step 3),
before forced dormancy, keeping 1 strong tip for newly planted trees of 1 year for cultivation, pinching when the new tip grows to 50-70cm, cultivating two branches in the horizontal direction, pinching again when each tip grows to 50cm, cultivating fruiting branches, and preparing to move to a refrigerator for forced dormancy when the thickness of the fruiting branches is cultivated to 0.8cm, the length is 1.5m and winter buds are fully developed;
or before forced dormancy, keeping two buds for each fruiting branch group of the formed tree body for two or more years, culturing, repeatedly pinching and removing side tips when the fruiting branch group grows to 50cm, timely shearing off fruit ears to promote flower bud differentiation, and preparing to move to a refrigeration house to start forced dormancy when the fruiting branch is cultured to 0.8cm in thickness and 1.5m in length;
the three-dimensional arrangement of the planting pots 7 in the refrigeration house means that 12 pots are placed in each square meter range;
before the forced dormancy, the temperature in the refrigerator is reduced by 2 ℃ every day from the room temperature, the temperature is gradually reduced to 7 ℃, after leaves turn yellow, the leaves are picked, and the bearing branches are trimmed by 3 buds;
the forced dormancy is realized by adopting a centralized refrigeration house dormancy method, wherein the temperature of the refrigeration house is 7 ℃, the humidity is 60-70%, and the forced dormancy lasts for 20-30 days according to different grape varieties.
In the management after dormancy in the step 4), the temperature in the cold storage is gradually increased after the dormancy is finished, the temperature increase rate is 3 ℃ every day, and the cold storage is moved to facility management after the temperature is increased to 20 ℃; the management of the facilities moved in is to adopt shading or semi-shading management before the leaves are spread, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be more than 60% in the daytime, the temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the temperature in the facilities is gradually increased after the leaves are spread, the shading management in the flowering phase is carried out, the temperature is not more than 30 ℃, and the management of normal temperature and soil, fertilizer and water is carried out after the flowering phase is finished; the normal temperature management is that the highest temperature is lower than 33 ℃ in the noon and the lowest temperature is maintained above 10 ℃ at night.
Example 2:
the key points of the technology are as follows:
a method for regulating and controlling the grape maturity by mobile planting comprises the following steps:
the root fixing device comprises a large grid prism, a middle spacer net, a small grid outer ring, a bottom net and the like, wherein the large grid prism is arranged in the small grid outer ring, the large grid prism and the middle spacer net are connected into a whole, and the bottom net is fixed at the bottom of the outer ring. The planting method comprises plants, root system placing positions, a matrix and an upper tree body supporting device. During planting, the root fixing device is placed in the planting pot 7, filled with a matrix and compacted. The root system is arranged on the middle separation net of the large-grid triangular prism, the thick root system penetrates through the large grid, is uniformly distributed, and is filled with the substrate and compacted. The upper support device is inserted into the central position and down to the bottommost portion, tying the trunk to the upper support device. The maturity stage regulating and controlling method comprises the steps of moving the grape vines, concentrating the grape vines in a small-range area, forcibly sleeping and intensively pre-cooling. The temperature rise time in a grape facility in spring is determined according to the germination time of winter buds, and plants need to grow for 3-4 months (which can be realized all year round) from germination to forced dormancy. The grapes are required to be wholly moved into a refrigeration house for three-dimensional placement, the height of the house is 2.5m, 4 layers can be placed, and 12 grapes are placed in each square meter. And (3) controlling the temperature to be about 7 ℃ during forced dormancy, keeping the time for about 20 days (different time required by different varieties) until the winter buds are broken to sleep, combining the dormancy breaking agent for use after the winter buds are broken to sleep, and moving the winter buds into a facility for normal management.
Using Kyoho grape as an example: when the ripening time of the grape fruits is 12 months per year, the temperature in the facility starts to rise at the bottom of 2 months, the temperature is maintained at 15-20 ℃ in the daytime, the low temperature is not lower than 5 ℃ at night, and after the grapes are unfolded, the facility is normally managed, the fruit ears in the current year are erased, and the flower buds on the bearing branches in the current year are ensured to be mature. And (3) when the branches grow to be mature at the bottom of 6 months, concentrating the grape tree planting pots 7 in a refrigeration house at the beginning of 7 months, adopting a gradual cooling mode, cooling the temperature of the refrigeration house from room temperature to about 2 ℃ every day by using 10 days until the temperature is reduced to 7 ℃, picking the leaves and reserving 3 buds for slightly trimming after the leaves are yellowed, completing dormancy of the grapes for about 20 days (last ten days of 8 months), and moving the grapes out of the refrigeration house to enter a facility. Wherein, the management of shading is adopted in the germination stage, the temperature is normally managed (namely the temperature is controlled to be about 30 ℃ in the daytime) after germination (about 10 days after transplanting), and the grapes can be completely ripe by planting from 8 middle ten days to 12 months; similarly, the grape maturation time is preset to be 1 month per year, then the grapes in the previous year are cultured from the bottom of 3 months, the grapes are dormant in the last 9 months, the grapes are moved into the facility, the grapes are shaded before leaf unfolding and in the flowering period, and the grapes are normally managed in other times.
The beneficial indices of the present invention are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, the planting mode of the invention has accurate regulation and control effect, low cost, high yield benefit and good market prospect.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A mobile planting system of grapes is characterized in that,
the mobile planting system consists of a root system fixing device (1), a matrix fixing device (2) and a tree body supporting device (3);
the root system fixing device (1) and the matrix fixing device (2) are both made of hard grid materials;
the root system fixing device (1) is of a fan-shaped structure with a triangular prism at the center, namely three side surface grids of the triangular prism respectively extend to one part in the same direction, and a separation net (4) which is adaptive to the shape of the inner cavity of the triangular prism is arranged in the inner cavity of the triangular prism;
the substrate fixing device (2) is of a cylindrical structure with an opening at the top end;
the tree body supporting device (3) is of an integrated T-shaped structure consisting of a vertical support (5) and a horizontal support (6);
the inner cavity of the cylindrical structure of the matrix fixing device (2) is matched with the size of the root system fixing device (1);
root system fixing device (1) and matrix fixing device (2) are for dismantling the connection, the vertical braces (5) of tree body strutting arrangement (3) set up in the matrix of matrix fixing device (2) through separating net (4).
2. A mobile grape planting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grid of the root system fixing device (1) is 2.5cm x 2.5cm, and the grid of the substrate fixing device (2) is 1cm x 1 cm.
3. The mobile grape planting system according to claim 1, wherein the root fixing device (1) is used for respectively fixing one side of three equal-area meshes to one third of an adjacent mesh to form a fan-shaped structure with a triangular prism at the center, and the remaining two thirds of each mesh are extension parts of each side surface of the triangular prism; the size of the triangular prism is adapted to the size of a grape root system; the separation net (4) is fixedly arranged at one third of the middle upper part of the inner cavity of the triangular prism to play a role in supporting the root system of the grape.
4. A mobile grape planting system according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the inner cavity of the cylindrical structure of the substrate fixing device (2) is 20-50 cm.
5. Use of a mobile grape planting system according to any one of claims 1-4 to regulate the maturity stage of grapes.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the method of regulating the ripening stage of grapes comprises the steps of:
1) pre-planting management: before planting, the mobile planting system is placed into a planting pot (7), and is compacted after the substrate is filled under the separation net (4);
2) managing in planting: during planting, the root systems of the grapes are placed on the separation net (4), the thick root systems penetrate through the grids and are uniformly distributed, the matrix is filled and compacted, the vertical supports (5) of the tree body supporting device (3) are inserted into the matrix of the matrix fixing device (2) through the separation net (4), the height of the vertical supports is consistent with that of the tree body, the trunk is tied on the vertical supports (5), the horizontal part of the tree body is tied on the horizontal supports (6), conventional soil, fertilizer and water management is carried out, and the grape tree is cultivated into a T-shaped tree shape within one year after primary planting;
3) dormancy management: forced dormancy, wherein grapes grow in the facility for 3-4 months, and when flower buds are full, the grapes are moved into a cold storage warehouse and placed in a three-dimensional mode, the temperature of the cold storage warehouse is lowered by 2 ℃ every day, the temperature is gradually lowered to 7 ℃, and forced dormancy is carried out for 20-30 days;
4) and (3) management after dormancy: after the dormancy is broken, the planting pot (7) is moved into a facility, and shading treatment is adopted before leaf spreading and in the flowering period.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein in the pre-implantation management of step 1), the matrix is a matrix comprising more than 40% by weight of fibrous material.
8. The use of claim 7, wherein in the planting management of the step 2), the grape is cultivated into a T-shaped tree in the first year, the trunk and the horizontal part of the tree body of the grape are cut off when the new tip in the vertical direction is 50-70cm in the first year, two new tips are sent out in the horizontal direction after the cut off, and the two new tips are cut off again when the length of each new tip is 50cm in the second year, so that the whole tree is in a T-shaped structure.
9. The application of claim 8, wherein in the sleep management of step 3),
before forced dormancy, keeping 1 strong tip for newly planted trees of 1 year for cultivation, pinching when the new tip grows to 50-70cm, cultivating two branches in the horizontal direction, pinching again when each tip grows to 50cm, cultivating fruiting branches, and preparing to move to a refrigerator for forced dormancy when the thickness of the fruiting branches is cultivated to 0.8cm, the length is 1.5m and winter buds are fully developed;
or before forced dormancy, keeping two buds for each fruiting branch group of the formed tree body for two or more years, culturing, repeatedly pinching and removing side tips when the fruiting branch group grows to 50cm, timely shearing off fruit ears to promote flower bud differentiation, and preparing to move to a refrigeration house to start forced dormancy when the fruiting branch is cultured to 0.8cm in thickness and 1.5m in length;
the three-dimensional arrangement of the planting pots (7) in the refrigeration house means that 12 pots are placed in each square meter range;
before the forced dormancy, the temperature in the refrigerator is reduced by 2 ℃ every day from the room temperature, the temperature is gradually reduced to 7 ℃, after leaves turn yellow, the leaves are picked, and the bearing branches are trimmed by 3 buds;
the forced dormancy is realized by adopting a centralized refrigeration house dormancy method, wherein the temperature of the refrigeration house is 7 ℃, the humidity is 60-70%, and the forced dormancy lasts for 20-30 days according to different grape varieties.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein in the post-dormancy management of step 4), the temperature in the cold storage is gradually increased after the dormancy is finished, the temperature increase rate is 3 ℃ per day, and the facility management is moved after the temperature is increased to 20 ℃; the management of the facilities moved in is to adopt shading or semi-shading management before the leaves are spread, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be more than 60% in the daytime, the temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the temperature in the facilities is gradually increased after the leaves are spread, the shading management in the flowering phase is carried out, the temperature is not more than 30 ℃, and the management of normal temperature and soil, fertilizer and water is carried out after the flowering phase is finished; the normal temperature management is that the highest temperature is lower than 33 ℃ in the noon and the lowest temperature is maintained above 10 ℃ at night.
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