CN111691516B - 一种生态旱厕 - Google Patents
一种生态旱厕 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生态旱厕。它包括座便器、液体储存桶、压力冲水设备、堆肥室、尿液净化室、储料箱和自动喂料与搅拌系统;其中,座便器的便坑开口上设有盖板a,底部出粪口的下部设置活动挡板,盖板a与活动挡板通过钢丝绳相连接以同时启闭;堆肥室用于粪便的堆肥;尿液净化室设置在堆肥室的底部,与带孔堆肥板上的孔相连接;储料箱的螺旋喂料口与堆肥室的覆盖料进料口相连接;自动喂料与搅拌系统包括设于储料箱内的自动喂料器、设于堆肥室内的搅拌器;自动喂料器通过带有从动齿轮、驱动齿轮的链条与搅拌器的一端相连以同时连动。本发明能将粪尿分离,净化尿液,提高粪便腐熟效率,阻隔并减少臭味;回收尿液中的水分循环利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生态旱厕。
背景技术
农村地区厕所类型多样化、厕所建设水平差异明显,绝大部分的农村地区以使用旱厕为主。通常农民有直接将粪便进行堆肥的方法制取农肥的传统。不仅如此,农村还有将旱厕和养殖相结合的传统,即将人类排泄物作为猪羊的饲料。将猪圈养在地下,同时在地上建造旱厕。导致农村旱厕普遍有恶臭、蚊蝇众多等一系列的问题。
目前,农村厕所改造现有形式包括:干封式厕所、三格化粪池、三联式沼气池、双瓮漏斗式或双坑交替式厕所。但是这些形式的厕所,没有从根本上解决旱厕存在的问题。没有灭菌措施;没有除臭措施;用水冲洗增加了粪便体积,增加了腐熟难度;更为严重的是,厌氧发酵过程中事故频发,经常有沼气爆发伤人和人员中毒的消息。冲水马桶耗水量大,并且需要与之配套的下水管网以及污水处理设施,当前适宜于农村的小型排水及污水处理设施相比城市的大型设施又要贵的多,导致水冲式厕所的建设成本和运行费用较高。
为解决上述问题,生态厕所被广泛推广应用,目前生态厕所主要有免水冲洗的生态旱厕和循环水冲洗的两类。现亟需一种新式农村厕所,一要简单方便,二要良性循环就地消化。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种生态旱厕。
本发明提供的一种生态旱厕,该生态旱厕包括座便器、液体储存桶、压力冲水设备、堆肥室、尿液净化室、储料箱和自动喂料与搅拌系统;
所述座便器的便坑开口上设有盖板a,上部设有入水口,底部设有出粪口;所述出粪口的下部设置活动挡板,所述盖板a与所述活动挡板通过钢丝绳相连接以同时启闭;
所述液体储存桶上设有液体进口、液体出口和桶盖;
所述压力冲水设备设于所述座便器的一侧,其上设有进水口、出水口和加压按钮,所述压力冲水设备的进水口与所述液体储存桶上的液体出口通过进水管相连接,所述压力冲水设备的出水口与所述座便器的入水口通过管道相连接;
所述堆肥室设于所述座便器的下部,且部分位于所述座便器的后部;所述堆肥室上设有进粪口、覆盖料进料口、气体出口、堆肥室出粪口,内部设有带孔堆肥板;所述进粪口与所述座便器的出粪口相连通;
所述尿液净化室设置在所述堆肥室的底部,设有尿液进口和尿液出口,可以移动更换,所述尿液进口与所述带孔堆肥板上的孔相连接;
所述储料箱设于堆肥室的一侧,其上设有加料口和螺旋喂料口,所述加料口上设有盖板b,所述螺旋喂料口与所述堆肥室的覆盖料进料口相连接;
所述自动喂料与搅拌系统包括自动喂料器、搅拌器;所述自动喂料器设于所述储料箱内,所述搅拌器设置于所述堆肥室内;所述自动喂料器通过带有从动齿轮、驱动齿轮的链条与所述搅拌器的一端相连以同时连动。
本发明中,所述的无水生态旱厕包括厕屋;所述座便器可设于所述厕屋内。
本发明中,所述堆肥室的长、宽、高具体可分别为1m、1m、0.6m,具体的一个实施例中,所述堆肥室1/3位于所述座便器下方,其2/3位于厕屋的外部;
所述储料箱用于储存覆盖料,即覆盖粪污用的物料,覆盖料包括粉碎的秸秆、树叶、稻壳、谷糠和草木灰中的至少一种。
上述的生态旱厕中,所述液体储存桶的液体进口与所述尿液净化室的尿液出口相连。
上述的生态旱厕中,所述活动遮板与所述出粪口连接处设置密封圈;
所述盖板a与所述钢丝绳之间设置转轴;
当所述盖板a打开时,所述转轴转动带动所述钢丝绳,所述活动挡板被打开;当所述盖板a关闭,所述转轴反向转动,所述活动挡板在重力作用下返回原位堵住所述出粪口。
上述的生态旱厕中,所述搅拌器通过与之相连的电机驱动;
所述电机设于所述堆肥室外部的操作室内;
所述液体储存桶也设于所述操作室内。
本发明中,所述搅拌器用于所述堆肥室中覆盖料与粪便的搅拌曝气,提高粪便的发酵效率,缩短腐熟时间。
上述的生态旱厕中,所述无水生态旱厕还包括加热系统;
所述加热系统包括太阳能吸热板,所述太阳能吸热板设于所述厕屋外部的所述堆肥室上部;所述太阳能吸热板用于吸收太阳热量,给所述堆肥室内粪便的发酵提供热源。
上述的生态旱厕中,所述无水生态旱厕还包括排气系统,其设于所述堆肥室的上部;
所述排气系统包括排气管;所述排气管的两端分别为进气口、出气口,所述进气口与所述堆肥室的气体出口相连通。
上述的生态旱厕中,在所述排气管的所述进气口处设有排风扇。
上述的生态旱厕中,所述排气管的高度高于所述厕屋30~50cm;
所述排气管的所述出气口上设置防雨帽。
上述的生态旱厕中,所述尿液净化室内铺设生物质吸附砖;所述生物质吸附砖的具体设置厚度为30cm,用于净化尿液和除臭;
所述液体储存桶内设置多个微生物球,具体可为5~8个,用于液体的净化和二次除臭。
上述的生态旱厕中,所述生物质吸附砖由生物炭、秸秆粉和/或稻壳以及微生物除臭剂混合后压制而成;
上述的生态旱厕中,所述生物碳、所述秸秆粉和/或稻壳、所述微生物除臭剂质量比具体可为3:5~7.5:0.1~1;
所述秸秆粉或所述稻壳的粒径均可为7.5~15mm;
所述生物质吸附砖的堆密度具体可为75~125kg/m3。
上述的生态旱厕中,所述生物碳、所述秸秆粉和/或稻壳、所述微生物除臭剂质量比具体可为3:5.8:0.2;
所述秸秆粉或所述稻壳的粒径均具体可为10mm;
所述生物质吸附砖的堆密度具体可为100kg/m3。
本发明中,所述生物碳为本领域公知的常用的生物炭;
所述微生物球为本领域公知的常用液体的净化和二次除臭试剂球。
本发明还提供了一种生物质吸附砖,由生物炭、秸秆粉和/或稻壳以及微生物除臭剂混合后压制而成。
上述生物质吸附砖中,所述生物碳、秸秆粉和/或稻壳、微生物除臭剂质量比具体为3:5~7.5:0.1~1;
所述秸秆粉或所述稻壳的粒径均具体为7.5~15mm;
所述生物质吸附砖的堆密度具体为75~125kg/m3。
上述生物质吸附砖中,所述生物碳、所述秸秆粉和/或稻壳、所述微生物除臭剂质量比具体可为3:5.8:0.2;
所述秸秆粉或所述稻壳的粒径均具体可为10mm;
所述生物质吸附砖的堆密度具体可为100kg/m3。
本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明生态旱厕与现有的冲水马桶或是蹲便器外观上可一致,但同时将粪便与尿液有效分离,尿液不易溅出。
(2)便器出粪口与化粪池同步联动,有效阻隔化粪池中的异味。
(3)利用特殊的生物质吸附砖和微生物净化球,处理净化尿液,减少臭味产生。
(4)覆盖料进料与搅拌同时进行,提高粪便腐熟效率,同时减少异味产生。
(5)利用太阳能吸热板和生物质吸附砖的保温功能,增加和保持化粪池内的温度,提高粪便腐熟效率。
(6)回收尿液中的水分,作为马桶的冲洗水循环利用。
附图说明
图1为本发明生态旱厕的结构示意图。
图2为本发明生态旱厕中坐便器的结构示意图。
图中各个标记如下:
1厕屋;2.坐便器;3盖板;4转轴;5防雨帽;6活动挡板;7钢丝绳;8压力按压器;9压力水箱;10搅拌器;11排气管;12太阳能吸热板;13进水管;14堆肥室;15电机;16带孔堆肥板;17尿液净化室;18生物质吸附砖;19操作室;20液体储存桶;21出液管;22储料箱;23自动喂料器;24从动齿轮;25链条;26驱动齿轮;27排风扇。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行进一步说明,但本发明并不局限于以下实施例。
如图1所示,为本发明提供的无水生态旱厕的结构示意图,包括厕屋1、座便器2、液体储存桶20、压力冲水设备、堆肥室14、尿液净化室17、储料箱22、自动喂料与搅拌系统、加热系统(为太阳能吸热板12)和排气系统(包括排气管11和排风扇27)。其中,如图2所示,座便器2放置于厕屋内;坐便器2的便坑开口上设有盖板3,上部设有入水口,底部设有出粪口,出粪口的下部设置活动挡板6,盖板3与活动挡板6通过钢丝绳5相连接,盖板a 3与钢丝绳5之间设置转轴4;当盖板3打开时,转轴4转动带动钢丝绳7,出便口处的活动挡板6被打开,当盖板3关闭,转轴4反向转动,活动挡板6在重力作用下返回原位堵住出便口。液体储存桶20上设有液体进口、液体出口和桶盖;压力冲水设备9放置于座便器2一侧,其上设有进水口、出水口和加压按钮,压力冲水设备9的进水口通过进水管13与液体储存桶20的液体出口相连,压力冲水设备9的出水口与座便器2的入水口通过管道相连接;依靠加压按钮8,将液体储存桶20内液体压入座便器2内进行冲洗;堆肥室14位于座便器2下后方,长、宽、高分别为1m、1m、0.6m,堆肥室14的1/3位于座便器2下方,2/3位于厕屋的外部,堆肥室14内安装搅拌器10,用于覆盖料与粪便的搅拌曝气,提高粪便的发酵效率,缩短腐熟时间;储料箱22位于厕屋1外,长宽高分别为0.5m、0.5m、0.4m,喂料器23放置于储料箱22的内部;喂料器23与搅拌器10通过带有从动齿轮24和驱动齿轮26的链条25相连,由电机15带动,一键控制同时联动;尿液净化室17放置于堆肥室14的下方,长宽高分别为1m、1m、0.4m,尿液净化室17内铺设30cm厚的生物质吸附砖18;生物质吸附砖是由生物质碳、秸秆粉/稻壳、微生物除臭剂等按3:5.8:0.2的质量比例组成,生物质吸附砖的堆密度为100kg/m3,用于净化尿液和除臭;液体储存桶20与尿液净化室17通过出液管道21相连,容积为50L,在安装时将微生物球5~8个放入液体储存桶20内,用于液体的净化和二次除臭,液体储存桶20和电机15安装在操作室19内;尿液净化室17和堆肥室13中间设有带孔隔板16,尿液可通过16隔板上的孔漏入尿液储存室;太阳能吸光板12安装于厕屋外部的堆肥室上部,用于吸收太阳热量,给堆肥室14内粪便的发酵提供热源;排气管11位于堆肥室的上部,高度大于厕屋高度30-50cm,直径为10cm,排气管的下端安装排气扇27,用加速堆肥室14内气体排出,排气管11的上端安装防雨帽5。
本发明生态旱厕的使用过程如下:
使用前,先将粉碎的秸秆、树叶、稻壳、谷糠和草木灰中的至少一种加入储料箱16内。入厕时,打开盖板3,转轴4转动带动钢丝绳7,出粪口处的活动挡板6被打开,粪便和/或尿液通过坐便器2的出粪口落入堆肥室14,尿液通过带孔堆肥板16上的孔与其连接的尿液进口流入尿液净化室17,尿液经净化然后流入液体储存桶20中。入厕结束后,按压压力冲水设备的加压按钮(又称压力按压器8),将液体储存桶20中净化后的尿液压入压力水箱9中,然后压力水箱9中水流入座便器2内进行冲洗;关闭盖板3,转轴反向转动,活动挡板6在重力作用下返回原位堵住出粪口;启动操作室19内的电机15,搅拌器10通过带有从动齿轮24和驱动齿轮26的链条25带动自动喂料器23将秸秆和灰粉运输至堆肥室,并与粪便通过搅拌混合。期间,堆肥室内粪便通过太阳能吸吸热板12进行堆肥,堆肥过程中开启排气扇27进行排气。
Claims (5)
1.一种生态旱厕,其特征在于:该生态旱厕包括座便器、液体储存桶、压力冲水设备、堆肥室、尿液净化室、储料箱和自动喂料与搅拌系统;
所述座便器的便坑开口上设有盖板a,上部设有入水口,底部设有出粪口;所述出粪口的下部设置活动挡板,所述盖板a与所述活动挡板通过钢丝绳相连接以同时启闭;
所述液体储存桶上设有液体进口、液体出口和桶盖;
所述压力冲水设备设于所述座便器的一侧,其上设有进水口、出水口和加压按钮,所述压力冲水设备的进水口与所述液体储存桶上的液体出口通过进水管相连接,所述压力冲水设备的出水口与所述座便器的入水口通过管道相连接;
所述堆肥室设于所述座便器的下部,且部分位于所述座便器的后部;所述堆肥室上设有进粪口、覆盖料进料口、气体出口、堆肥室出粪口,内部设有带孔堆肥板;所述进粪口与所述座便器的出粪口相连通;
所述尿液净化室设置在所述堆肥室的底部,设有尿液进口和尿液出口,所述尿液进口与所述带孔堆肥板上的孔相连接;
所述储料箱设于堆肥室的一侧,其上设有加料口和螺旋喂料口,所述加料口上设有盖板b,所述螺旋喂料口与所述堆肥室的覆盖料进料口相连接;
所述自动喂料与搅拌系统包括自动喂料器、搅拌器;所述自动喂料器设于所述储料箱内,所述搅拌器设置于所述堆肥室内;所述自动喂料器通过带有从动齿轮、驱动齿轮的链条与所述搅拌器的一端相连以同时连动;
所述液体储存桶的液体进口与所述尿液净化室的尿液出口相连;
所述活动挡板与所述出粪口连接处设置密封圈;
所述盖板a与所述钢丝绳之间设置转轴;
当所述盖板a打开时,所述转轴转动带动所述钢丝绳,所述活动挡板被打开;当所述盖板a关闭,所述转轴反向转动,所述活动挡板在重力作用下返回原位堵住所述出粪口;
所述搅拌器通过与之相连的电机驱动;
所述电机设于所述堆肥室外部的操作室内;
所述液体储存桶也设于所述操作室内;
所述生态旱厕还包括加热系统;
所述加热系统包括太阳能吸热板,所述太阳能吸热板设于厕屋外部的所述堆肥室上部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生态旱厕,其特征在于:所述生态旱厕还包括排气系统,其设于所述堆肥室的上部;
所述排气系统包括排气管;所述排气管的两端分别为进气口、出气口,所述进气口与所述堆肥室的气体出口相连通。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生态旱厕,其特征在于:在所述排气管的所述进气口处设有排风扇;
所述排气管的高度高于厕屋30~50cm;
所述排气管的所述出气口上设置防雨帽。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的生态旱厕,其特征在于:所述尿液净化室内铺设生物质吸附砖;
所述液体储存桶内设置多个微生物球。
5.根据权利要求4所述的生态旱厕,其特征在于:所述生物质吸附砖由生物炭、秸秆粉和/或稻壳以及微生物除臭剂混合后压制而成;
其中,所述生物炭、秸秆粉和/或稻壳、微生物除臭剂质量比为3:5~7.5:0.1~1;
所述秸秆粉或所述稻壳的粒径均为7.5~15mm;
所述生物质吸附砖的堆密度为75~125kg/m3。
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