CN111602486A - Seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedling seeds - Google Patents
Seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedling seeds Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising and transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedling seeds, which comprises the steps of seed treatment, sowing, greenhouse culture management, seedling transplanting matrix preparation, seedling transplanting and management, seedling hardening, field transplanting and the like. The method adopts proper machinery, medicament and temperature to comprehensively treat canna edulis ker seed, can break the dormancy stage of the seed, can promote the seed to quickly and orderly germinate and emerge, the germination rate reaches more than 90 percent, simultaneously adjusts the seedling transplanting substrate, strictly controls the temperature, the humidity and other conditions of seedling cultivation, can finish seedling cultivation within 5-7 days, ensures that the growth of the seedling is kept consistent, saves time and labor in the whole process, has flexible seedling cultivation time, improves the efficiency of canna edulis ker hybridization breeding, and shortens the breeding time of excellent varieties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker live seeds.
Background
Canna edulis ker (Cannaedulis ker) also called Canna edulis, Canna of Cannaceae, Cannabaceae of Cannaberales of Liliopsida of Monocotyledonae of monocotyledonous family of angiosperma, and harvested for 1 year by artificial cultivation; the canna edulis is a potential starch crop which can be planted in mountainous regions and low places, is a plant of canna of the family of the banana, is native to south america and the like, and canna edulis has become a new raw material source of high-value starch in asia, and is also a good raw material for brewing fermentation, food and feed processing. The canna starch has the advantages of large particle size, low gelatinization temperature, good paste transparency, high amylose content, good film forming property and large molecular weight, is close to that of potato starch, and has good application property. The development and utilization of canna edulis ker mainly uses starch production and develops starch deep-processing products and food items such as vermicelli and vermicelli. At present, the canna edulis ker starch is mainly produced in a manual workshop way. In fact, the canna edulis ker has high starch content, less impurities such as protein, fat, ash content and the like, and large starch particles, and is a raw material for producing starch by a mechanical method.
Canna starch is widely adopted in more fields, root tuber is rich in starch, the starch can be used for producing monosodium glutamate, 2.5 kg of canna starch can be used for producing 0.5 kg of monosodium glutamate generally, and various non-staple foods such as glucose for oral administration and injection, sorghum maltose and the like, lotus root substitute powder and the like can also be produced. In the textile industry, the canna starch slashing has the characteristics of high bonding degree, good finish and the like compared with grain starch slashing, can be used for papermaking, shoemaking, hat making, clothes, cultural goods and the like, and is a multipurpose economic crop integrating grain, energy and feed; the canna edulis ker grows roughly and easily, has higher economic, social and ecological benefits, is an economic crop with adjusted industrial structure, increased income and richness of farmers and integrated two-industry and three-industry.
In the prior art, the production of canna edulis ker mainly depends on plant division propagation, the variety resource is less, and the variety degeneration is serious due to long-term asexual propagation. The breeding and popularization and application of new varieties become bottleneck problems of the development of the canna industry, and the canna seed propagation can effectively solve the problems. However, canna edulis ker is a hard seed, the seed coat is hard and compact, a layer of thick wax is arranged on the surface, the permeability is poor, the canna edulis ker has the dormancy characteristic, the canna edulis ker is difficult to germinate by conventional sowing, and the germination rate of a nursery garden is less than 2 percent. According to canna edulis ker resources collected by subtropical crop research institute of Guizhou province for many years, the flowering, pollen germination, fructification and seed characteristics of canna edulis ker are researched, and the vast majority of canna edulis ker resources are found to be incapable of fructification, so that the high germination rate, the high seedling rate and the high transplanting survival rate of canna edulis ker seedlings are guaranteed, and the method is a basis for breeding high-yield and high-quality canna edulis ker varieties.
At present, there are some literature reports on the seedling and planting of dry lotus root, such as: patent application CN201610670209.8 discloses a method for growing seedlings of Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn; the patent application: CN201710589642.3 discloses a method for planting dry lotus roots; journal literature "efficient cultivation technique of xerophyte lotus root" DOI: 10.14051/j.cnki.xdy2012.02.036 discloses a high-efficiency cultivation method of dry lotus root, and a specific cultivation method of dry lotus root is given in the text. However, the methods for asexual propagation of the dry lotus roots are given in the above documents, and no related document reports about the sexual propagation of the dry lotus roots.
At present, the commonly used method for seedling raising of canna edulis ker seedling comprises the following steps: and (5) establishing seedbed seeding and building a small arched shed for management in a greenhouse or under the open air condition. The method has the advantages of low emergence rate, uneven production, low transplanting survival rate and difficult management after cultivation, and the sowing, seedling raising and transplanting technologies of canna edulis ker seedling seeds are not reported at present. Therefore, it is important to develop a seedling transplanting method for improving the germination rate, the seedling rate and the transplanting survival rate of canna edulis ker seedlings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a seedling and transplanting method for canna edulis ker live seeds for solving the technical problems. The method adopts proper machinery, medicament and temperature to comprehensively treat canna edulis ker seed, can break the dormancy stage of the seed, can promote the seed to quickly and orderly germinate and emerge, the germination rate reaches more than 90 percent, simultaneously adjusts the seedling transplanting substrate, strictly controls the temperature, the humidity and other conditions of seedling cultivation, can finish seedling cultivation within 5-7 days, ensures that the growth of the seedling is kept consistent, saves time and labor in the whole process, has flexible seedling cultivation time, improves the efficiency of canna edulis ker hybridization breeding, and shortens the breeding time of excellent varieties.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedling seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: soaking the canna edulis ker live seeds in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 76-85 min, continuously stirring in the soaking process, filtering out the concentrated sulfuric acid, cleaning the seeds with clear water until no concentrated sulfuric acid residue is left, then putting the seeds into a nylon mesh bag, soaking the seeds in a constant-temperature water bath at 55 ℃ for 22-27 h at constant temperature, continuously stirring to uniformly heat the seeds, and finally fishing up for later sowing;
(2) sowing: firstly, filling sand with the thickness of 2-3 cm into a seedling raising hole tray, thoroughly watering, then dibbling the treated canna edulis ker seed into the seedling raising hole tray, covering sand one hole by one grain, and watering;
(3) greenhouse culture management: placing the sowed seedling culture hole tray into an illumination incubator for greenhouse culture, and spraying water for 1 time every other day;
(4) preparing a seedling transplanting substrate: removing impurities from garden soil and sand, airing, grinding, sieving with a 10-30-mesh sieve, mixing with fermented organic nutrient soil to prepare a seedling transplanting matrix, adding water to mix the seedling transplanting matrix with water before use to ensure that the water content of the seedling transplanting matrix is 56-65%, kneading the seedling transplanting matrix into clusters by hands, loosening the hands to form a dispersed state, and putting the clusters into a nutrient cup;
(5) transplanting seedlings and managing: before transplanting, the nutrition cup filled with the transplanting matrix is thoroughly drenched, a pit with the depth of 2-3 cm is dug in the middle of the nutrition cup, the seedlings cultured to sprout and grow leaves in an illumination incubator are transplanted into the nutrition cup, the soil is earthed up and compacted, a thin film is built on a small arched shed, the temperature and the moisture are preserved, and water is poured once every other day;
(6) hardening seedlings: after 5-7 d of seedling transplantation, removing the film according to the weather, covering a sunshade net for hardening seedlings, spraying 1% urea solution on leaf surfaces, dressing a seedling-raising fertilizer every 6-9 d, watering every 2-3 d, removing the sunshade net after 19-22 d, continuing to culture for 8-15 d, and performing field transplantation when more than 80% of seedlings grow to 15-20 cm and 4-6 leaves of canna edulis strong seedlings;
(7) transplanting the field: transplanting is carried out by planting 2 rows of canna edulis ker in a wide-ridge double-row planting mode, the ridge distance is 160cm, the ridge height is 25 cm-30 cm, the plant distance is 80cm, holes or ditches with the depth of 25 cm-30 cm are dug on the ridges, the canna edulis ker seedlings are planted with soil, sufficient root water is drenched, field management is carried out according to the convention after 5-7 d, and water and fertilizer management and pest control are enhanced.
Further, in the step (1), the nylon mesh bag is 30-100 meshes and has a specification of 30cm × 20 cm.
Further, in the step (1), the canna edulis ker seedling seeds are harvested in the same year, naturally mature and full and viable seeds, and are fully contacted with concentrated sulfuric acid when being soaked in the concentrated sulfuric acid.
In step (2), the seedling raising tray has an external shape of 530mm × 270mm and a specification of 50 holes, and the upper diameter × bottom × depth of each hole is 48mm × 28mm × 40 mm.
Further, in the step (3), the greenhouse culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 65-75%, and the illumination time is 8-10 h/d.
Further, in the step (4), the seedling transplanting matrix is sterilized before use by the following method: and (3) sterilizing for 48-53 min at 120-122 ℃ by using a high-temperature sterilization pot, and fully killing bacteria, worm eggs and weed seeds in the matrix.
Further, in the step (4), the garden soil, the gravels and the fermented organic nutrient soil are mixed according to a mass ratio of 2-3: 1: 2-3.
Further, in the step (4), the specification of the nutrition cup is as follows: the diameter × depth is 12cm × 12 cm.
Further, in the step (5), the young seedlings with the germinated long leaves are new seedlings which are completely unfolded with 2 leaves and have trumpet-shaped newly-extracted tender leaves; the specification of the small arched shed is as follows: length × width × height is 350cm × 90cm × 80 cm.
Further, in the step (6), the seedling raising fertilizer is N: P in a mass ratio2O5:K2A compound fertilizer prepared by mixing 25:5: 15O, wherein the nitrogen concentration is controlled to be 200 mg/L-300 mg/L, and the compound fertilizer is usedThe seedling raising fertilizer is dissolved in water and poured into a nutrition cup.
The principle of the application is as follows: when canna edulis ker seeds are not specially treated, the hard seed rate is as high as more than 95%, and even if the germination conditions are proper, the canna edulis ker seeds cannot germinate because the seed coats are compact and hard and cannot absorb swelling and water. The method comprises the following steps of 1, corroding local seed coats by using concentrated sulfuric acid treatment, breaking barriers of fence tissues, thinning seed shells, eliminating blocking substances at positions such as pearl holes and the like, and increasing the permeability of the seed coats, so that seeds can absorb water to expand, combining warm water soaking and slightly stirring by using a glass rod on the basis of concentrated sulfuric acid soaking, facilitating the removal of hard seeds of the seed coats, shortening the time required by the concentrated sulfuric acid treatment, reducing the corrosion of the concentrated sulfuric acid on cotyledon, embryo and radicle, and promoting the germination of the seeds; step 2, by using seedling tray sand seeding, on one hand, the method has the characteristics of quick seedling emergence, neat seedlings, high survival rate, seed quantity saving, less rooting during transplanting and quick seedling revival, and meanwhile, the required seedbed area is small, the management is convenient, and the transportation is convenient; the temperature and water are controlled conveniently, and the seedling transplanting in the later stage of seedling emergence is facilitated; step 3, greenhouse culture management is not limited by time, good germination conditions and growth environments can be effectively provided for seeds, plant diseases and insect pests are effectively prevented, and meanwhile, the method is an effective measure for generation-added breeding; step 4, the treatment and matching of the seedling transplanting matrix enable the soil to have good characteristics, so that sufficient nutrients and a good growth environment are provided for the germinated seeds, and the good growth of the seedlings is ensured; through the step 5, the seedling transplanting and management is short in seedling age, high in seedling quality, developed and complete in root system, and the growth and development of the seedlings are promoted; and 6, hardening seedlings to enable the seedlings to be strong and strengthen the stress resistance, so that the survival rate of the planted seedlings is improved, the seedling burning phenomenon is reduced, the seedlings germinate regularly and grow strong, and preparation is made for field transplanting.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method, the hard and compact wax on the surfaces of the seedling seeds is corroded by the 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, and the seeds are soaked in the warm soup, so that the dormant period of the seedling seeds can be broken, the seeds are promoted to germinate rapidly, the germination rate reaches over 90%, the sterilization effect is achieved to a certain extent, and the disease resistance of the seedlings is improved; and secondly, the seed selection function is realized in a floating mode, a foundation is laid for improving the efficiency of canna edulis ker crossbreeding and cultivating excellent single plants, and the seedlings are uniform.
(2) The seedling transplanting substrate is rich in nutrition, is suitable for growth and development of canna edulis ker seedlings, is adjusted by the sand stone, is strong in water absorption and air permeability, enhances the respiration of the canna edulis ker seedling root system, is robust, and can limit the occurrence of pest and weed to the maximum extent by sterilizing the substrate at high temperature and high pressure.
(3) According to the method, the foliar fertilizer suitable for the growth concentration of seedlings is sprayed during seedling hardening, the seedling raising fertilizer is dissolved in water and then is applied to the nutrition cup along with the water, so that the uniform fertilization is ensured, the seedlings are not easy to burn, and the consistent growth condition of the canna edulis ker seedlings can be ensured.
(4) The method has the advantages of simple operation, easy mastering, transplanting of the nutrition cup seedlings with soil, difficult damage of root systems, quick seedling revival, strong drought resistance and high transplanting survival rate.
(5) The method for sexual propagation is creatively designed to carry out seedling raising and transplanting on canna edulis ker, so that the offspring of the canna edulis ker has the genetic characteristic of parents, and the sexual propagation has stronger living capacity and variability, thereby having important significance for the survival and the evolution of plants.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
A seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedling seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: soaking canna edulis ker live seeds in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 80min, continuously stirring in the soaking process, filtering out the concentrated sulfuric acid, cleaning the seeds with clear water until no concentrated sulfuric acid residue exists, then putting the seeds into a nylon mesh bag, soaking the seeds in a constant-temperature water bath at 55 ℃ for 24h at constant temperature, continuously stirring to uniformly heat the seeds, and finally fishing up for later sowing; the nylon mesh bag is 30-100 meshes and the specification is 30cm multiplied by 20 cm; the canna edulis ker seedling seeds are harvested in the same year, naturally mature, full and active seeds, and are fully contacted with concentrated sulfuric acid when being soaked in the concentrated sulfuric acid;
(2) sowing: firstly, filling sand with the thickness of 2-3 cm into a seedling raising hole tray, thoroughly watering, then dibbling the treated canna edulis ker seed into the seedling raising hole tray, covering sand one hole by one grain, and watering; the shape of the seedling raising plug tray is 530mm multiplied by 270mm, the specification is 50 holes, and the upper caliber multiplied by the bottom multiplied by the depth of the hole is 48mm multiplied by 28mm multiplied by 40 mm;
(3) greenhouse culture management: placing the sowed seedling culture hole tray into an illumination incubator for greenhouse culture, and spraying water for 1 time every other day; the greenhouse culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 30 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 75%, the illumination time is 8h/d, and the watering principle is dry and thoroughly watered;
(4) preparing a seedling transplanting substrate: removing impurities from garden soil and sand, air drying, grinding, sieving with 20 mesh sieve, mixing with fermented organic nutrient soil to obtain seedling transplanting matrix, adding water, wetting to water content of seedling transplanting matrix of 60%, kneading into balls, loosening, and placing into a nutrition cup; the seedling transplanting matrix is sterilized before use, and the method comprises the following steps: sterilizing for 48-53 min at 120-122 ℃ by using a high-temperature sterilization pot, and fully killing bacteria, worm eggs and weed seeds in the matrix; mixing the garden soil, the gravels and the fermented organic nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 3:1: 3; the specification of the nutrition cup is as follows: the caliber x depth is 12cm x 12 cm;
(5) transplanting seedlings and managing: before transplanting, the nutrition cup filled with the transplanting matrix is thoroughly drenched, a pit with the depth of 2-3 cm is dug in the middle of the nutrition cup, the seedlings cultured to sprout and grow leaves in an illumination incubator are transplanted into the nutrition cup, the soil is earthed up and compacted, a thin film is built on a small arched shed, the temperature and the moisture are preserved, and water is poured once every other day; the young seedlings with the germinated long leaves are new seedlings with 2 completely unfolded leaves and newly extracted tender leaves with horn mouths; the specification of the small arched shed is as follows: length × width × height is 350cm × 90cm × 80 cm;
(6) hardening seedlings: after 5-7 d of seedling trimming, removing the film according to the weatherCovering a sunshade net to harden the seedlings, spraying 1% urea solution on the leaf surfaces, dressing a seedling raising fertilizer every 7 days, watering every 2-3 days, removing the sunshade net after 20 days, continuing to culture for 8-15 days, and performing field transplanting when more than 80% of the seedlings grow to 15-20 cm and 4-6 leaves of canna edulis ker strong seedlings; the seedling raising fertilizer is N: P in mass ratio2O5:K2The compound fertilizer is formed by mixing O25: 5:15, wherein the nitrogen concentration is controlled to be 200 mg/L-300 mg/L, and when the compound fertilizer is used, the seedling raising fertilizer is dissolved in water and poured into a nutrition cup;
(7) transplanting the field: transplanting is carried out by planting 2 rows of canna edulis ker in a wide-ridge double-row planting mode, the ridge distance is 160cm, the ridge height is 25 cm-30 cm, the plant distance is 80cm, holes or ditches with the depth of 25 cm-30 cm are dug on the ridges, the canna edulis ker seedlings are planted with soil, sufficient root water is drenched, field management is carried out according to the convention after 5-7 d, and water and fertilizer management and pest control are enhanced.
Example 2
A seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedling seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: soaking the canna edulis ker live seeds in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 76-85 min, continuously stirring in the soaking process, filtering out the concentrated sulfuric acid, cleaning the seeds with clear water until no concentrated sulfuric acid residue is left, then putting the seeds into a nylon mesh bag, soaking the seeds in a constant-temperature water bath at 55 ℃ for 22-27 h at constant temperature, continuously stirring to uniformly heat the seeds, and finally fishing up for later sowing; the nylon mesh bag is 30-100 meshes and the specification is 30cm multiplied by 20 cm; the canna edulis ker seedling seeds are harvested in the same year, naturally mature, full and active seeds, and are fully contacted with concentrated sulfuric acid when being soaked in the concentrated sulfuric acid;
(2) sowing: firstly, filling sand with the thickness of 2-3 cm into a seedling raising hole tray, thoroughly watering, then dibbling the treated canna edulis ker seed into the seedling raising hole tray, covering sand one hole by one grain, and watering; the shape of the seedling raising plug tray is 530mm multiplied by 270mm, the specification is 50 holes, and the upper caliber multiplied by the bottom multiplied by the depth of the hole is 48mm multiplied by 28mm multiplied by 40 mm;
(3) greenhouse culture management: placing the sowed seedling culture hole tray into an illumination incubator for greenhouse culture, and spraying water for 1 time every other day; the greenhouse culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 65-75%, and the illumination time is 8-10 h/d;
(4) preparing a seedling transplanting substrate: removing impurities from garden soil and sand, air drying, grinding, sieving with 20 mesh sieve, mixing with fermented organic nutrient soil to obtain seedling transplanting matrix, adding water, wetting to water content of seedling transplanting matrix of 60%, kneading into balls, loosening, and placing into a nutrition cup; the seedling transplanting matrix is sterilized before use, and the method comprises the following steps: sterilizing for 48-53 min at 120-122 ℃ by using a high-temperature sterilization pot, and fully killing bacteria, worm eggs and weed seeds in the matrix; mixing the garden soil, the gravels and the fermented organic nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 3:1: 3; the specification of the nutrition cup is as follows: the caliber x depth is 12cm x 12 cm;
(5) transplanting seedlings and managing: before transplanting, the nutrition cup filled with the transplanting matrix is thoroughly drenched, a pit with the depth of 2-3 cm is dug in the middle of the nutrition cup, the seedlings cultured to sprout and grow leaves in an illumination incubator are transplanted into the nutrition cup, the soil is earthed up and compacted, a thin film is built on a small arched shed, the temperature and the moisture are preserved, and water is poured once every other day; the young seedlings with the germinated long leaves are new seedlings with 2 completely unfolded leaves and newly extracted tender leaves with horn mouths; the specification of the small arched shed is as follows: length × width × height is 350cm × 90cm × 80 cm;
(6) hardening seedlings: after 5-7 d of seedling transplantation, removing the film according to the weather, covering a shading net for hardening seedlings, spraying 1% urea solution on leaf surfaces, dressing a seedling-raising fertilizer every 7d, watering every 2-3 d, removing the shading net after 20d, continuing to culture for 8-15 d, and performing field transplantation when more than 80% of seedlings grow to 15-20 cm and 4-6 leaves of canna edulis ker strong seedlings; the seedling raising fertilizer is N: P in mass ratio2O5:K2The compound fertilizer is formed by mixing O25: 5:15, wherein the nitrogen concentration is controlled to be 200 mg/L-300 mg/L, and when the compound fertilizer is used, the seedling raising fertilizer is dissolved in water and poured into a nutrition cup;
(7) transplanting the field: transplanting is carried out by planting 2 rows of canna edulis ker in a wide-ridge double-row planting mode, the ridge distance is 160cm, the ridge height is 25 cm-30 cm, the plant distance is 80cm, holes or ditches with the depth of 25 cm-30 cm are dug on the ridges, the canna edulis ker seedlings are planted with soil, sufficient root water is drenched, field management is carried out according to the convention after 5-7 d, and water and fertilizer management and pest control are enhanced.
Example 3
A seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedling seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: soaking the canna edulis ker live seeds in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 76min, continuously stirring in the soaking process, filtering out the concentrated sulfuric acid, cleaning the seeds with clear water until no concentrated sulfuric acid residue exists, then putting the seeds into a nylon mesh bag, soaking the seeds in a constant-temperature water bath at 55 ℃ for 22h at constant temperature, continuously stirring to uniformly heat the seeds, and finally fishing up for later sowing; the nylon mesh bag is 30 meshes and the specification is 30cm multiplied by 20 cm; the canna edulis ker seedling seeds are harvested in the same year, naturally mature, full and active seeds, and are fully contacted with concentrated sulfuric acid when being soaked in the concentrated sulfuric acid;
(2) sowing: firstly, filling sand with the thickness of 2cm into a seedling raising hole tray, thoroughly watering, then dibbling the treated canna edulis ker seed into the seedling raising hole tray, one hole by one hole, covering the sand, and watering; the shape of the seedling raising plug tray is 530mm multiplied by 270mm, the specification is 50 holes, and the upper caliber multiplied by the bottom multiplied by the depth of the hole is 48mm multiplied by 28mm multiplied by 40 mm;
(3) greenhouse culture management: placing the sowed seedling culture hole tray into an illumination incubator for greenhouse culture, and spraying water for 1 time every other day; the greenhouse culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 25 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 65%, and the illumination time is 8 h/d;
(4) preparing a seedling transplanting substrate: removing impurities from garden soil and sand, air drying, grinding, sieving with 10 mesh sieve, mixing with fermented organic nutrient soil to obtain seedling transplanting matrix, adding water, wetting to make the seedling transplanting matrix contain 56% of water, kneading into balls, loosening, and placing into a nutrition cup; the seedling transplanting matrix is sterilized before use, and the method comprises the following steps: sterilizing at 120 deg.C for 48min in a high temperature sterilizing pot to completely kill bacteria, ovum and weed seeds in the matrix; mixing the garden soil, the gravels and the fermented organic nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 2:1: 2; the specification of the nutrition cup is as follows: the caliber x depth is 12cm x 12 cm;
(5) transplanting seedlings and managing: before transplanting, the nutrition cup filled with transplanting matrix is thoroughly drenched, a 2cm deep pit is dug in the middle of the nutrition cup, the seedlings cultured in an illumination incubator to sprout and grow leaves are transplanted into the nutrition cup, the soil is earthed up and compacted, a thin film is built into a small arched shed, the temperature and the moisture are preserved, and water is poured once every other day; the young seedlings with the germinated long leaves are new seedlings with 2 completely unfolded leaves and newly extracted tender leaves with horn mouths; the specification of the small arched shed is as follows: length × width × height is 350cm × 90cm × 80 cm;
(6) hardening seedlings: after 5-7 days of seedling transplantation, removing the film according to the weather, covering a shading net for hardening seedlings, spraying 1% urea solution on leaf surfaces, dressing a seedling-raising fertilizer once every 6 days, watering once every 2 days, removing the shading net after 19 days, continuing to culture for 8 days, and transplanting the seedlings to the field when more than 80% of the seedlings grow to 15-20 cm and 4-6 leaves of canna edulis strong seedlings; the seedling raising fertilizer is N: P in mass ratio2O5:K2The compound fertilizer is formed by mixing O25: 5:15, wherein the nitrogen concentration is controlled at 200mg/L, and when the compound fertilizer is used, the seedling raising fertilizer is dissolved in water and poured into a nutrition cup;
(7) transplanting the field: transplanting is carried out by planting 2 rows of canna edulis ker in a wide-ridge double-row planting mode, the ridge distance is 160cm, the ridge height is 25cm, the plant spacing is 80cm, holes or ditches with the depth of 25cm are dug on the ridges, the canna edulis ker seedlings are planted with soil, sufficient root fixing water is sprayed, field management is carried out after 5-7 days according to the convention, and water-fertilizer management and pest control are enhanced.
Example 4
A seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedling seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: soaking canna edulis ker live seeds in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 85min, continuously stirring in the soaking process, filtering out the concentrated sulfuric acid, cleaning the seeds with clear water until no concentrated sulfuric acid residue exists, then putting the seeds into a nylon mesh bag, soaking the seeds in a constant-temperature water bath at 55 ℃ for 27h at constant temperature, continuously stirring to uniformly heat the seeds, and finally fishing up for later sowing; the nylon mesh bag is 100 meshes and has the specification of 30cm multiplied by 20 cm; the canna edulis ker seedling seeds are harvested in the same year, naturally mature, full and active seeds, and are fully contacted with concentrated sulfuric acid when being soaked in the concentrated sulfuric acid;
(2) sowing: firstly, filling sand with the thickness of 2-3 cm into a seedling raising hole tray, thoroughly watering, then dibbling the treated canna edulis ker seed into the seedling raising hole tray, covering sand one hole by one grain, and watering; the shape of the seedling raising plug tray is 530mm multiplied by 270mm, the specification is 50 holes, and the upper caliber multiplied by the bottom multiplied by the depth of the hole is 48mm multiplied by 28mm multiplied by 40 mm;
(3) greenhouse culture management: placing the sowed seedling culture hole tray into an illumination incubator for greenhouse culture, and spraying water for 1 time every other day; the greenhouse culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 29 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 74 percent, and the illumination time is 10 h/d;
(4) preparing a seedling transplanting substrate: removing impurities from garden soil and sand, air drying, grinding, sieving with 30 mesh sieve, mixing with fermented organic nutrient soil to obtain seedling transplanting matrix, adding water, wetting to water content of 65%, kneading into balls, loosening, and placing into a nutrient cup; the seedling transplanting matrix is sterilized before use, and the method comprises the following steps: sterilizing at 122 deg.C for 53min in a high temperature sterilizing pan to completely kill bacteria, ovum and weed seeds in the matrix; mixing the garden soil, the gravels and the fermented organic nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 2:1: 3; the specification of the nutrition cup is as follows: the caliber x depth is 12cm x 12 cm;
(5) transplanting seedlings and managing: before transplanting, the nutrition cup filled with transplanting matrix is thoroughly drenched, a pit with the depth of 3cm is dug in the middle of the nutrition cup, the seedlings cultured in an illumination incubator to sprout and grow leaves are transplanted into the nutrition cup, the soil is earthed up and compacted, a thin film is built into a small arched shed, the temperature and the moisture are preserved, and water is poured once every other day; the young seedlings with the germinated long leaves are new seedlings with 2 completely unfolded leaves and newly extracted tender leaves with horn mouths; the specification of the small arched shed is as follows: length × width × height is 350cm × 90cm × 80 cm;
(6) hardening seedlings: after 5-7 days of seedling transplantation, removing the film according to the weather, covering a shading net for hardening seedlings, spraying 1% urea solution on leaf surfaces, dressing a seedling-raising fertilizer every 9 days, watering every 2-3 days, removing the shading net after 22 days, continuing culturing for 15 days, and performing field transplantation when more than 80% of seedlings grow to 15-20 cm and 4-6 leaves of canna edulis are strong; what is needed isThe seedling raising fertilizer is N: P in mass ratio2O5:K2The compound fertilizer is formed by mixing O25: 5:15, wherein the nitrogen concentration is controlled at 300mg/L, and when the compound fertilizer is used, the seedling raising fertilizer is dissolved in water and poured into a nutrition cup;
(7) transplanting the field: transplanting is carried out by planting 2 rows of canna edulis ker in a wide-ridge double-row planting mode, the ridge distance is 160cm, the ridge height is 30cm, the plant spacing is 80cm, holes or ditches with the depth of 30cm are dug on the ridges, the canna edulis ker seedlings are planted with soil, sufficient root fixing water is sprayed, field management is carried out after 5-7 days according to the convention, and water-fertilizer management and pest control are enhanced.
Example 5
A seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedling seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: soaking canna edulis ker live seeds in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 80min, continuously stirring in the soaking process, filtering out the concentrated sulfuric acid, cleaning the seeds with clear water until no concentrated sulfuric acid residue exists, then putting the seeds into a nylon mesh bag, soaking the seeds in a constant-temperature water bath at 55 ℃ for 24h at constant temperature, continuously stirring to uniformly heat the seeds, and finally fishing up for later sowing; the nylon mesh bag is 50 meshes and the specification is 30cm multiplied by 20 cm; the canna edulis ker seedling seeds are harvested in the same year, naturally mature, full and active seeds, and are fully contacted with concentrated sulfuric acid when being soaked in the concentrated sulfuric acid;
(2) sowing: firstly, filling sand with the thickness of 2.3cm into a seedling raising hole tray, thoroughly watering, then dibbling the treated canna edulis ker seed into the seedling raising hole tray, one hole by one hole, covering the sand, and watering; the shape of the seedling raising plug tray is 530mm multiplied by 270mm, the specification is 50 holes, and the upper caliber multiplied by the bottom multiplied by the depth of the hole is 48mm multiplied by 28mm multiplied by 40 mm;
(3) greenhouse culture management: placing the sowed seedling culture hole tray into an illumination incubator for greenhouse culture, and spraying water for 1 time every other day; the greenhouse culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 28 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70 percent, and the illumination time is 9 h/d;
(4) preparing a seedling transplanting substrate: removing impurities from garden soil and sand, air drying, grinding, sieving with 20 mesh sieve, mixing with fermented organic nutrient soil to obtain seedling transplanting matrix, adding water, wetting to water content of seedling transplanting matrix of 61%, kneading into balls, loosening, and placing into a nutrition cup; the seedling transplanting matrix is sterilized before use, and the method comprises the following steps: sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 50min in a high temperature sterilizing pot to completely kill bacteria, ovum and weed seeds in the matrix; mixing the garden soil, the gravels and the fermented organic nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 3:1: 2; the specification of the nutrition cup is as follows: the caliber x depth is 12cm x 12 cm;
(5) transplanting seedlings and managing: before transplanting, the nutrition cup filled with transplanting matrix is thoroughly drenched, a 2.5cm deep pit is dug in the middle of the nutrition cup, the seedlings cultured in an illumination incubator to sprout and grow leaves are transplanted into the nutrition cup, the soil is earthed up and compacted, a thin film is built on a small arched shed, the temperature and the moisture are preserved, and water is poured once every other day; the young seedlings with the germinated long leaves are new seedlings with 2 completely unfolded leaves and newly extracted tender leaves with horn mouths; the specification of the small arched shed is as follows: length × width × height is 350cm × 90cm × 80 cm;
(6) hardening seedlings: after 5-7 days of seedling transplantation, removing the film according to the weather, covering a shading net for hardening seedlings, spraying 1% urea solution on leaf surfaces, dressing a seedling-raising fertilizer every 8 days, watering every 3 days, removing the shading net after 21 days, continuing culturing for 10 days, and transplanting the seedlings to a field when more than 80% of the seedlings grow to 15-20 cm and 4-6 leaves of canna edulis ker strong seedlings; the seedling raising fertilizer is N: P in mass ratio2O5:K2The compound fertilizer is formed by mixing O25: 5:15, wherein the nitrogen concentration is controlled to be 250mg/L, and when the compound fertilizer is used, the seedling raising fertilizer is dissolved in water and poured into a nutrition cup;
(7) transplanting the field: transplanting is carried out by planting 2 rows of canna edulis ker in a wide-ridge double-row planting mode, the ridge distance is 160cm, the ridge height is 28cm, the plant spacing is 80cm, holes or ditches with the depth of 28cm are dug on the ridges, the canna edulis ker seedlings are planted with soil, sufficient root fixing water is sprayed, field management is carried out after 5-7 days according to the convention, and water-fertilizer management and pest control are enhanced.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the seed treatment step was carried out by the method of example 1, and the other steps were carried out by a conventional method under otherwise unchanged conditions.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the method of example 1 is adopted in the seeding step, the conventional method is adopted in other steps, and other conditions are not changed.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the method of example 1 is adopted in the preparation step of the seedling substrate, the conventional method is adopted in other steps, and other conditions are not changed.
Comparative example 4
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the method of example 1 is adopted in the seedling transplanting and management steps, the conventional method is adopted in other steps, and other conditions are not changed.
Comparative example 5
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the seedling exercising step adopts the method of the embodiment 1, other steps adopt the conventional method, and other conditions are unchanged.
First, test the effect
In the middle and last ten days of 11 months, natural hybrid canna edulis ker mature seeds of Xinjiang No. 1, Qianqian No. 1 and QC52 are respectively collected as the material of the test, breeding is carried out in 4 months next year, simultaneously 10 groups of experiments are carried out, 50 mature and full hybrid seeds are respectively taken from each group, the seedling raising test is carried out by respectively adopting the methods of the application examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-5, and the germination rate test results of the canna edulis ker seeds are shown in the following table 1.
After the seeds germinate, selecting the germinated plantlets to perform a transplanting test, simultaneously performing 10 groups of experiments, taking the plantlets which are completely unfolded with 2 leaves and have horn mouths as 50 seedlings for each group, transplanting by adopting the methods of the application examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-5 respectively, and counting the transplanting survival rate and the pest and disease damage incidence rate of the canna edulis seedlings after the seedlings are transplanted to a field for one month, wherein the test results are shown in the following table 2. In tables 1 and 2, the germination rate ═ (number of sprouts/number of seeds sown) × 100%; survival rate (actual number of surviving plants/actual number of transplanted plants) × 100%; the number of plants cultivated in the cultivation cup is the germination number, and the actual number of plants fixedly planted in the field is the survival number cultivated in the cultivation cup.
TABLE 1
Note: in table 1, the germination rate is X100% germination/seeding.
As can be seen from Table 1, the germination rate of canna edulis ker seeds treated by the method of the present invention is more than 90%.
TABLE 2
Note: in table 2, the survival rate after field planting is X100% of the survival number after field planting/the survival number after cup culture; the incidence rate is X100 percent of survival rate/germination and transplantation rate after field planting.
As can be seen from the experimental data in Table 2, by adopting the seedling transplanting method for the canna edulis ker seedling of the invention, the seedlings which are completely unfolded with 2 leaves and have the newly-extracted tender leaves with horn mouths are transplanted into the culture cup for culture, and the survival rate reaches more than 91 percent; and (4) growing the seedlings to 15-20 cm, continuously cultivating for 8-15 days, and then transplanting the seedlings into a field, wherein the survival rate of the transplanted plants in the field is more than 95%.
In conclusion, the canna edulis ker seedling seed is comprehensively treated by adopting proper machinery, medicament and temperature, the dormancy stage of the canna edulis ker seed can be broken, the seed can be promoted to germinate and emerge quickly and orderly, the germination rate reaches more than 90 percent, meanwhile, the seedling transplanting substrate is adjusted, the conditions of temperature, humidity and the like of seedling raising are strictly controlled, the seedling can be leveled within 5-7 days, the growth of the canna edulis guaranteed to be consistent, the whole process is time-saving and labor-saving, the seedling raising time is flexible, the efficiency of canna edulis hybridization breeding is improved, and the breeding time of excellent varieties is shortened.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedling seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: soaking the canna edulis ker live seeds in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 76-85 min, continuously stirring in the soaking process, filtering out the concentrated sulfuric acid, cleaning the seeds with clear water until no concentrated sulfuric acid residue is left, then putting the seeds into a nylon mesh bag, soaking the seeds in a constant-temperature water bath at 55 ℃ for 22-27 h at constant temperature, continuously stirring to uniformly heat the seeds, and finally fishing up for later sowing;
(2) sowing: firstly, filling sand with the thickness of 2-3 cm into a seedling raising hole tray, thoroughly watering, then dibbling the treated canna edulis ker seed into the seedling raising hole tray, covering sand one hole by one grain, and watering;
(3) greenhouse culture management: placing the sowed seedling culture hole tray into an illumination incubator for greenhouse culture, and spraying water for 1 time every other day;
(4) preparing a seedling transplanting substrate: removing impurities from garden soil and sand, airing, grinding, sieving with a 10-30-mesh sieve, mixing with fermented organic nutrient soil to prepare a seedling transplanting matrix, adding water to mix the seedling transplanting matrix with water before use to ensure that the water content of the seedling transplanting matrix is 56-65%, kneading the seedling transplanting matrix into clusters by hands, loosening the hands to form a dispersed state, and putting the clusters into a nutrient cup;
(5) transplanting seedlings and managing: before transplanting, the nutrition cup filled with the transplanting matrix is thoroughly drenched, a pit with the depth of 2-3 cm is dug in the middle of the nutrition cup, the seedlings cultured to sprout and grow leaves in an illumination incubator are transplanted into the nutrition cup, the soil is earthed up and compacted, a thin film is built on a small arched shed, the temperature and the moisture are preserved, and water is poured once every other day;
(6) hardening seedlings: after 5-7 d of seedling transplantation, removing the film according to the weather, covering a sunshade net for hardening seedlings, spraying 1% urea solution on leaf surfaces, dressing a seedling-raising fertilizer every 6-9 d, watering every 2-3 d, removing the sunshade net after 19-22 d, continuing to culture for 8-15 d, and performing field transplantation when more than 80% of seedlings grow to 15-20 cm and 4-6 leaves of canna edulis strong seedlings;
(7) transplanting the field: transplanting is carried out by planting 2 rows of canna edulis ker in a wide-ridge double-row planting mode, the ridge distance is 160cm, the ridge height is 25 cm-30 cm, the plant distance is 80cm, holes or ditches with the depth of 25 cm-30 cm are dug on the ridges, the canna edulis ker seedlings are planted with soil, sufficient root water is drenched, field management is carried out according to the convention after 5-7 d, and water and fertilizer management and pest control are enhanced.
2. The seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the nylon mesh bag is 30-100 meshes and the specification is 30cm multiplied by 20 cm.
3. The seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the canna edulis ker seedling seeds are harvested in the same year, naturally mature and full and viable seeds, and are fully contacted with concentrated sulfuric acid when being soaked in the concentrated sulfuric acid.
4. The seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the shape of the seedling raising tray is 530mm × 270mm, the specification is 50 holes, and the upper caliber × the bottom × the depth of each hole is 48mm × 28mm × 40 mm.
5. The seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the greenhouse culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 65-75%, and the illumination time is 8-10 h/d.
6. The seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the seedling transplanting matrix is sterilized before use, and the method comprises the following steps: and (3) sterilizing for 48-53 min at 120-122 ℃ by using a high-temperature sterilization pot, and fully killing bacteria, worm eggs and weed seeds in the matrix.
7. The seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the garden soil, the gravels and the fermented organic nutrient soil are mixed according to a mass ratio of 2-3: 1: 2-3.
8. The seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the specification of the nutrition cup is as follows: the diameter × depth is 12cm × 12 cm.
9. The seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (5), the young seedlings with the germinated long leaves are new seedlings with 2 completely unfolded leaves and newly extracted tender leaves with horn mouths; the specification of the small arched shed is as follows: length × width × height is 350cm × 90cm × 80 cm.
10. The seedling transplanting method for canna edulis ker seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (6), the seedling raising fertilizer is N: P in a mass ratio2O5:K2The compound fertilizer is formed by mixing O25: 5:15, wherein the nitrogen concentration is controlled to be 200 mg/L-300 mg/L, and when the compound fertilizer is used, the seedling raising fertilizer is dissolved in water and poured into a nutrition cup.
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