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CN111564412B - Trench power transistor and method for fabricating the same - Google Patents

Trench power transistor and method for fabricating the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111564412B
CN111564412B CN201910114931.7A CN201910114931A CN111564412B CN 111564412 B CN111564412 B CN 111564412B CN 201910114931 A CN201910114931 A CN 201910114931A CN 111564412 B CN111564412 B CN 111564412B
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insulating layer
ditch
trench portion
terminal
gate trench
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CN111564412A (en
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李柏贤
叶人豪
邱信谚
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Liyuan Semiconductor Co ltd
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Liyuan Semiconductor Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/77Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
    • H01L21/78Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
    • H01L21/82Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
    • H01L21/822Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using silicon technology
    • H01L21/8232Field-effect technology
    • H01L21/8234MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type
    • H01L21/823462MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type with a particular manufacturing method of the gate insulating layers, e.g. different gate insulating layer thicknesses, particular gate insulator materials or particular gate insulator implants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/77Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
    • H01L21/78Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
    • H01L21/82Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
    • H01L21/822Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using silicon technology
    • H01L21/8232Field-effect technology
    • H01L21/8234MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type
    • H01L21/823437MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type with a particular manufacturing method of the gate conductors, e.g. particular materials, shapes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/77Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
    • H01L21/78Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
    • H01L21/82Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
    • H01L21/822Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using silicon technology
    • H01L21/8232Field-effect technology
    • H01L21/8234MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type
    • H01L21/823487MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type with a particular manufacturing method of vertical transistor structures, i.e. with channel vertical to the substrate surface
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
    • H01L27/04Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
    • H01L27/08Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind
    • H01L27/085Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind including field-effect components only
    • H01L27/088Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind including field-effect components only the components being field-effect transistors with insulated gate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/40Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/401Multistep manufacturing processes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/40Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/41Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
    • H01L29/423Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
    • H01L29/42312Gate electrodes for field effect devices
    • H01L29/42316Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors
    • H01L29/4232Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors with insulated gate
    • H01L29/42356Disposition, e.g. buried gate electrode
    • H01L29/4236Disposition, e.g. buried gate electrode within a trench, e.g. trench gate electrode, groove gate electrode

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Abstract

A method for preparing channel type power transistor features that the secondary etching is used to form a channel structure of grid electrode by combining with the deposition of insulating layer, so the protection of nitride layer can be used to prevent the further oxidization of other insulating layers in high-temp thermal process, and the nitride layer can be removed in follow-up process to prevent the formation of nitride in channel of grid electrode, resulting in the influence of interaction between nitride and grid electrode. In addition, the invention also provides a trench type power transistor manufactured by the manufacturing method.

Description

Trench power transistor and method for fabricating the same
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a power transistor and a method for fabricating the same, and more particularly, to a trench power transistor and a method for fabricating the same.
Background
Power transistors (Power MOSFETs) are used in digital or analog circuits, and are therefore the mainstream of Power devices and widely used in various electronic devices.
The Power transistor can be divided into a horizontal type and a vertical type according to the current flowing path, wherein, for the vertical type Power transistor, it is commonly known to be a Trench Gate metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET, or UMOSFET), a V-type Trench metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (VMOSFET), or a vertical double diffused metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (VDMOSFET). In the trench power transistor, the U-shaped trench can effectively reduce the on-state resistance and improve the edge characteristics of the transistor (edge characteristics), so that the trench gate MOSFET is the mainstream of the high-frequency low-voltage power device.
However, although the on-resistance of the trench power transistor can be reduced, it is required to bear all the forward blocking voltage (forward blocking voltage) flowing through the drift region (e.g. N-type drift layer) during the blocking mode operationIn order to withstand a higher forward blocking voltage, the doping concentration of the drift region must be reduced, but reducing the doping concentration of the drift region increases the on-resistance of the device, which is not favorable for the device characteristics. In addition, because the gate electrode in the trench has a larger volume, the gate-to-drain capacitance (gate-to-drain capacitance C) is formed GD ) Also larger, and also reduces the sensitivity of the trench power transistor at high frequencies.
Referring to fig. 1, U.S. patent No. US5998833 discloses a power transistor capable of improving high frequency characteristics and breakdown voltage. Each unit cell (unit cell) 100 of the power transistor includes a drain layer (drain layer) 114 doped with a first type and having a high doping concentration (e.g., N + doping), a drift region (drift layer) 112 doped with a first type, a well region (base layer) 116 formed in the drift region 112 and doped with a second type (P-type), a source layer (source layer) 118 doped with a high doping concentration, source and drain electrodes 128b and 130 in ohmic contact with the source and drain layers 118 and 114, respectively, and a trench structure. The trench structure has two opposite sidewalls 120a, a bottom surface 120b, an oxide insulation layer 125, the oxide insulation layer 125 having an insulation region 125a between the gate electrode 127 and the trench source electrode 128a, a gate electrode 127, and a trench-based source electrode 128a. The trench source electrode 128a is used to replace part of the gate electrode to reduce the gate-to-drain capacitance (gate-to-drain capacitance C) GD ) The method can reduce the interference current and gate charge generated during high frequency operation of the device, thereby improving breakdown voltage and switching speed of the device at high frequency without sacrificing on-resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a manufacturing method of trench power transistor by using the process design.
Thus, the manufacturing method of trench power transistor of the present invention includes the following steps.
Step A, etching from the top surface of the semiconductor substrate to the bottom for the first time to form a plurality of spaced upper gate trench portions, each defined by a first wall.
And step B, sequentially depositing a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer on the top surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first surrounding wall, wherein the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are made of different materials, the second insulating layer is made of nitride, the second insulating layer corresponding to the bottom of the upper grid ditch part is removed, and an opening which is not covered by the second insulating layer is formed on the first insulating layer of each upper grid ditch part.
And step C, performing second etching downwards from the opening, forming a plurality of lower grid ditch parts which are respectively communicated with the upper grid ditch part on the semiconductor substrate, wherein each lower grid ditch part is defined by a second wall.
And D, depositing a third insulating layer on the second insulating layer corresponding to the top surface of the semiconductor substrate and the upper grid ditch part and the second surrounding wall, wherein the material of the third insulating layer is different from that of the second insulating layer.
And E, filling polycrystalline silicon in the upper grid electrode ditch part and the lower grid electrode ditch part, and then removing the polycrystalline silicon in the upper grid electrode ditch part to enable the polycrystalline silicon in the lower grid electrode ditch part to form a shielding electrode.
And step F, forming a fourth insulating layer which covers the top surface and is filled in the upper grid electrode ditch part, then etching and removing the third insulating layer and the fourth insulating layer of the upper grid electrode ditch part until the second insulating layer is exposed, and remaining part of the fourth insulating layer on the upper grid electrode ditch part until the thickness of the fourth insulating layer adjacent to the upper grid electrode ditch part is preset.
And G, etching and removing the second insulating layer exposed out of the upper grid ditch part to expose the first insulating layer covered by the second insulating layer, and filling polycrystalline silicon in the upper grid ditch part to form a grid electrode by the polycrystalline silicon.
And step H, forming a well region and a source electrode which are positioned around the upper grid ditch part on the semiconductor substrate by utilizing ion implantation, then forming an insulating layer which covers the top surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a conductive unit which is positioned on the insulating layer, forms ohmic contact with the source electrode and the grid electrode and can be used for being electrically connected with the outside.
Preferably, the depth of the upper gate trench portion formed in step a is 0.5 to 1.5um, and the depth of the lower gate trench portion formed in step C is 0.5 to 10um.
Preferably, in the method for manufacturing a trench power transistor of the present invention, in the step E, a portion of the polysilicon in the lower gate trench portion is further removed, so that a space is formed between a top surface of the polysilicon remaining in the lower gate trench portion and a bottom of the upper gate trench portion.
Preferably, the method of fabricating a trench power transistor according to the present invention further includes forming an upper terminal trench portion located at an outermost periphery of the upper gate trench portion, the upper terminal trench portion being defined by a first surrounding wall, removing a second insulating layer corresponding to a bottom of the upper terminal trench portion at the same time in step C, forming an opening not covered by the second insulating layer on the first insulating layer of the upper terminal trench portion, forming a lower terminal trench portion communicated with the upper terminal trench portion at the same time after etching, the lower terminal trench portion being defined by a second surrounding wall, depositing the third insulating layer on the second insulating layer of the upper terminal trench portion at the same time in step D, filling polysilicon in the upper terminal trench portion and the lower terminal trench portion at the same time in step E, forming a conductive portion by filling the polysilicon in the upper terminal trench portion and the lower terminal trench portion, forming a conductive portion by the insulating layer in step F, forming the fourth insulating layer while covering the conductive portion after etching, forming the conductive portion in the upper terminal trench portion and exposing the second insulating layer, forming a conductive portion by electrically connecting the fourth insulating layer and exposing the second insulating layer, and exposing the second insulating layer of the terminal trench portion, and exposing the second insulating layer.
Preferably, in the method for manufacturing a trench power transistor of the present invention, the step E is to form the third insulating layer made of silicon oxide by using a low pressure chemical vapor deposition method at a temperature between 650 ℃ and 750 ℃.
Preferably, in the method for manufacturing a trench power transistor of the present invention, in the step F, the fourth insulating layer made of silicon oxide is formed by using a low pressure chemical vapor deposition method at a temperature between 650 ℃ and 750 ℃.
Preferably, in the method for manufacturing a trench power transistor of the present invention, in step E, a portion of the polysilicon in the lower gate trench portion is further etched and removed, so that a space is formed between the shielding electrode and the bottom surface of the corresponding upper gate trench portion.
Preferably, in the method for fabricating a trench power transistor according to the present invention, the step H further forms at least one rectifying structure located between the upper gate trench portions and in schottky contact with the semiconductor substrate.
In addition, the present invention provides a trench power transistor with better voltage endurance and low on-resistance.
Thus, the trench power transistor of the present invention includes: the semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate and a plurality of active portions formed in the semiconductor substrate.
The semiconductor body has a top surface.
Each active part is provided with a grid electrode ditch structure, a well region, a source electrode, an insulating layer and a conductive unit.
The grid ditch structure is provided with a grid ditch extending downwards from the top surface, the grid ditch is provided with an upper grid ditch part adjacent to the top surface, a lower grid ditch part extending from the bottom of the upper grid ditch part and having a diameter width not equal to that of the upper grid ditch part, a shielding electrode positioned at the lower grid ditch part, a grid electrode positioned at the upper grid ditch part and spaced from the shielding electrode, and an insulated isolation unit, the isolation unit is provided with an isolation layer formed on the top surface and extending to the grid ditch, and the isolation layer wraps the shielding electrode and the grid electrode, so that the shielding electrode and the grid electrode are spaced from each other by the isolation layer.
The well region extends from the top surface down to the gate trench structure.
The source is formed in the well region and extends to the gate trench structure.
The insulating layer covers the top surface of the semiconductor substrate.
The conductive unit is provided with a plurality of conductive plugs which penetrate through the insulating layer and are electrically connected with the active part, and a conductive layer which is formed on the insulating layer and is used for electrically connecting the conductive plugs to the outside.
Preferably, the trench power transistor of the present invention further includes an edge termination structure located at the outermost periphery of the active portion, the edge termination structure having a termination trench formed downward from the top surface, an insulating layer filled in the termination trench, a conductive portion located in the termination trench, and a nitride layer, wherein the termination trench has an upper termination trench portion formed extending downward from the top surface, and a lower termination trench portion extending downward from the bottom of the upper termination trench portion and having a smaller diameter width than the upper termination trench portion, the conductive portion is located at least in the lower termination trench portion and is covered by the insulating layer, and the nitride layer is located in the upper termination trench portion, is covered by the insulating layer, and is not in contact with the conductive portion.
Preferably, the trench power transistor of the present invention further includes at least one rectifying structure between two adjacent active portions, wherein the at least one rectifying structure has a schottky conductive plug in schottky contact with the semiconductor substrate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the second etching and the insulation layer process are used to form the grid ditch structure, so that the protection of the nitride layer can be used in the thermal process to avoid the oxidation of other insulation layers in the grid ditch, and the nitride layer can be removed in the subsequent process to avoid the defect that the nitride is remained in the grid ditch to cause the influence on the element characteristics due to the interaction generated by the contact or the close proximity of the nitride and the grid electrode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side-sectional view of a conventional trench power transistor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of a trench power transistor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a text flow diagram illustrating the fabrication process of this embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view for assisting in explaining the structure formed in step 91;
fig. 5 is a schematic view for assisting in explaining the structure formed in step 92;
fig. 6 is a schematic view for assisting in explaining the structure formed in step 93;
fig. 7 is a schematic view for assisting in explaining the structure formed in step 94;
fig. 8 is a schematic view for assisting in explaining the structure formed in step 95;
fig. 9 is a schematic view for assisting in explaining the structure formed in step 96;
fig. 10 is a schematic view for assisting in explaining the structure formed in step 97;
fig. 11 is a schematic view for assisting in explaining the structure formed in step 98; and
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a trench power transistor having a rectifying structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. In the drawings, like reference numbers can indicate functionally identical or similar elements.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of a method for fabricating a trench power transistor according to the present invention is used to fabricate the trench power transistor shown in fig. 2. The trench power transistor includes a substrate 2, a semiconductor substrate 3, an edge termination structure 4, an insulating layer 5, and a conductive unit 6.
The substrate 2 has a drain electrode 21 and a drain region 22 in ohmic contact with the drain electrode 21, made of a semiconductor material and having a high concentration of a first type dopant.
The semiconductor body 3 covers the drain region 22, has a top surface 31 opposite to the substrate 2, a drift region 32 extending upward from the drain region 22, having a first type doping and a doping concentration less than that of the drain region 22, and a plurality of active portions 3A formed in the drift region 32. In fig. 2, 2 active portions 3A are illustrated, and the top surface 31 is the surface of the drift region 32 opposite the drain electrode 21. It is noted that the first type doping refers to a first conductive type doping, and the second type doping refers to a second conductive type doping having an opposite electrical property to the first conductive type doping. For example, the first type doping is N type doping, and the second type doping is P type doping; when the first type doping is P type doping, the second type doping is N type doping. The trench power transistor of the present invention can be used for NMOS or PMOS without any limitation.
Each active portion 3A includes a gate trench structure 33, a well region 37 having a second type doping, and a source 38 having a first type doping. Wherein the gate trench structure 33 extends from the top surface 31 to the drift region 32, and the well region 37 extends from the top surface 31 to the gate trench structure 33. The source 38 is formed in the well region 37 and extends to the gate trench structure 33.
In detail, the gate trench structure 33 has a gate trench 331, a shield electrode 34, a gate electrode 35, and an insulating isolation layer 36. The gate trench 331 has an upper gate trench portion 331A extending downward from the top surface 31, and a lower gate trench portion 331B extending from the bottom of the upper gate trench portion 331A and having a different diameter from the upper gate trench portion 331A, wherein the upper gate trench portion 331A is defined by a first wall and the lower gate trench portion 331B is defined by a second wall; the shield electrode 34 is located in the lower gate trench portion 331B; the gate electrode 35 is located in the upper gate trench portion 331A and spaced apart from the shield electrode 34 by a spacing S. The isolation layer 36 is formed on the top surface 31 and extends to the gate trench 331, and the isolation layer 36 covers the shielding electrode 34 and the gate electrode 35, such that the shielding electrode 34 and the gate electrode 35 are spaced apart from each other by the isolation layer 36.
The isolation layer 36 is formed of an insulating oxide, and in some embodiments the isolation layer 36 is formed of a silicon oxide material.
In some embodiments, the spacing S is between 2000 and
Figure BDA0001969778520000071
the edge termination structure 4 surrounds the active portion 3A, is located at the outermost periphery of the active portion 3A, and has a termination trench 41, an isolation layer 42 filled in the termination trench, a conductive portion 43 located in the termination trench, and a nitride layer 44.
In detail, the terminal trench 41 has an upper terminal trench portion 411 formed to extend downward from the top surface 31, and a lower terminal trench portion 412 extending downward from the bottom of the upper terminal trench portion 411, communicating with the upper terminal trench portion 411, and having a different diameter width from the upper terminal trench portion 411. The conductive portion 43 is located in the termination trench 41 and is surrounded by the isolation layer 42, and the nitride layer 44 is located in the upper termination trench portion 411, is surrounded by the isolation layer 42 and is spaced apart from the conductive portion 43 by the isolation layer 42.
In some embodiments, the conductive portion 43 is located in the lower terminal trench portion 412.
It should be noted that, the depth of the gate trench 331 and the thickness of the insulating material filled in the gate trench 331 are different according to the voltage resistance of the power device to be fabricated, and the insulating material (e.g. silicon nitride (Si) is used for the insulating material 3 N 4 ) Alumina (Al) 2 O 3 ) Yttrium oxide (Y) 2 O 3 ) Titanium oxide (TiO) 2 ) Hafnium oxide (HfO) 2 ) Zirconium oxide (ZrO) 2 ) Or is silicon oxide (SiO) 2 ) The depth of the gate trench 331 and the thickness of the insulating material relative to the voltage resistance of the power device are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be further described.
The gate trench 331 of the present invention is formed by two etching processes, so the depth formed by each etching process can be adjusted according to the requirements and design, as long as the total depth of the finally formed trench can be matched with the characteristics of the power device, and is not particularly limited.
The upper gate trench portion 331A and the lower gate trench portion 331B are used to dispose the gate electrode 35 and the shield electrode 34, respectively, and thus, in some embodiments, the depth of the upper gate trench portion 331A is between 0.5 um and 1.5um.
In some embodiments, the depth of the lower gate trench 331B is between 0.5 to 10um.
The insulating layer 5 covers the top surface 31 of the semiconductor substrate 3 and is made of an insulating material having a low dielectric constant, such as phosphosilicate glass (PSG), borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG), or the like.
The conductive unit 6 is disposed on the insulating layer 5, and can be used to electrically connect the active portion 3A and the edge termination structure 4 to the outside through a three-dimensional wiring structure.
In detail, the conductive unit 6 has a plurality of source conductive plugs 61 passing through the insulating layer 5 and making ohmic contact with the source electrode 38, a plurality of gate conductive plugs (not shown) making ohmic contact with the gate electrode 35, a terminal conductive plug 62 making ohmic contact with the conductive portion 43, and a conductive layer 63 formed on the surface of the insulating layer 5 and electrically connecting the source conductive plugs 61, the terminal conductive plugs 62, and the gate conductive plugs, respectively.
Referring to fig. 3 to fig. 8, an embodiment of the method for fabricating the trench power transistor of the embodiment is described as follows.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, step 91 is performed to form an upper trench structure in the semiconductor substrate 3 by first etching.
In detail, the step 91 provides the semiconductor body 3, and the semiconductor body 3 is formed by a semiconductor substrate having the first-type doped drain region 22 and the drift region 32 by using a common semiconductor epitaxy and ion implantation process.
Then, a first etching is performed to etch the top gate trench portion 331A and the top terminal trench portion 411 located at the outermost periphery of the top gate trench portion 331A and surrounding the top gate trench portion 331A from the top surface 31 of the drift region 32 downward by a dry etching method. Wherein the upper gate trench portion 331A and the upper terminal trench portion 411 are respectively defined by first walls.
Then, referring to fig. 3 and 5, in step 92, an opening 901 is formed in the insulating layer at the bottom of the trench structure.
In detail, the step 92 is to sequentially deposit a first insulating layer 801 and a second insulating layer 802 on the top surface 31 and the surface of the first wall. The first insulating layer 801 and the second insulating layer 802 are formed of different insulating materials, and the second insulating layer 802 is formed of silicon nitride that can protect the first insulating layer 801. In the present embodiment, the first insulating layer 801 and the second insulating layer 802 are silicon oxide and silicon nitride.
In the present embodiment, the depths of the upper gate trench portion 331A and the upper terminal trench portion 411 are 0.5 to 1.5um, the depths of the upper gate trench portion 331A and the upper terminal trench portion 411 are about 1 to 10um, and the depth of the first insulating layer 801 is about 160 to about 10um
Figure BDA0001969778520000081
And the second insulating layer 802 is about 250 to
Figure BDA0001969778520000092
Then, the second insulating layer 802 corresponding to the bottom of the upper gate trench portion 331A and the upper terminal trench portion 411 is removed by dry etching, and an opening 901 not covered by the second insulating layer 802 is formed on the first insulating layer 801 of each of the upper gate trench portion 331A and the upper terminal trench portion 411.
Then, referring to fig. 3 and 6, step 93 is performed to form a lower trench structure by a second etching.
In detail, the step 93 etches downward from the opening 901 of each of the upper gate trench portion 331A and the upper terminal trench portion 411 by dry etching to form the lower gate trench portion 331B and the lower terminal trench portion 412 respectively communicating with the corresponding upper gate trench portion 331A and upper terminal trench portion 411.
It should be noted that, since the lower gate trench portion 331B and the lower terminal trench portion 412 are etched from the opening 901, the diameter widths of the lower gate trench portion 331B and the lower terminal trench portion 412 are different from the diameter widths of the upper gate trench portion 331A and the upper terminal trench portion 411 due to different etching process conditions or different aspect ratios of the lower gate trench portion 331B and the lower terminal trench portion 412. In the present embodiment, the diameter widths of the lower gate trench portion 331B and the lower terminal trench portion 412 are smaller than the diameter widths of the upper gate trench portion 331A and the upper terminal trench portion 411, but in practical implementation, the diameter widths of the lower gate trench portion 331B and the lower terminal trench portion 412 may be larger than the diameter widths of the upper gate trench portion 331A and the upper terminal trench portion 411.
Next, referring to fig. 3 and 7, in step 94, a third insulating layer 803 covering the trench structure is formed.
In detail, the third insulating layer 803 is deposited on the second insulating layer 802 corresponding to the top surface 31 of the semiconductor substrate 3, the upper gate trench portion 331A and the upper terminal trench portion 411, and the second walls of the lower gate trench portion 331B and the lower terminal trench portion 412 by a low pressure chemical vapor deposition at a temperature not greater than 750 ℃, and the material of the third insulating layer 803 is different from that of the second insulating layer 802. In the present embodiment, the third insulating layer 803 is a silicon oxide layer formed by low pressure chemical vapor deposition using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a reaction gas at a temperature of 650 to 750 ℃, and has a thickness of 600 to 750 ℃
Figure BDA0001969778520000091
For illustration purposes.
Then, referring to fig. 3 and 8, step 95 is performed to form the shielding electrode 34 and the conductive portion 43 on the trench structure.
In detail, in the step 95, filling polysilicon is deposited in the upper gate trench portion 331A, the lower gate trench portion 331B, the upper terminal trench portion 411 and the lower terminal trench portion 412, then the upper terminal trench portion 411 is covered by a photoresist, the polysilicon formed in the upper gate trench portion 331A and a part of the polysilicon located in the lower gate trench portion 331B are removed by etching, and finally the photoresist is removed, so that the polysilicon remaining in the lower gate trench portion 331B forms the shielding electrode 34, and the polysilicon located in the upper terminal trench portion 411 and the lower terminal trench portion 412 becomes the conductive portion 43, thereby obtaining the structure shown in fig. 8.
Next, referring to fig. 3 and 9, in step 96, a fourth insulating layer 804 is formed to cover the shielding electrode 34.
In detail, the fourth insulating layer 804 is deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a reaction gas at a temperature between 650 to 750 ℃. The fourth insulating layer 804 covers the top surface 31 and extends to fill the upper gate trench portion 331A and covers the shield electrode 34 and the conductive portion 43.
Then, the third insulating layer 803 and the fourth insulating layer 804 on the upper gate trench portion 331A are etched and removed to expose the second insulating layer 802, and a portion of the fourth insulating layer 804 remains to cover the shielding electrode 34, wherein the thickness of the fourth insulating layer 804 remaining to cover the shielding electrode 34 is the distance S between the gate electrode 35 and the shielding electrode 34 as shown in fig. 2. That is, the distance S between the gate electrode 35 and the shielding electrode 34 can be adjusted according to device requirements by utilizing the remaining thickness of the fourth insulating layer 804, in the embodiment, the thickness of the remaining fourth insulating layer 804 is about 2000 to about 2000
Figure BDA0001969778520000101
Next, referring to fig. 3 and 10, step 97 is performed to form the gate electrode 35.
In detail, in the step 97, the second insulating layer 802 located in the upper gate trench 331A is removed by etching, so that the first insulating layer 801 covered by the second insulating layer 802 is exposed, and then, the upper gate trench 331A is filled with polysilicon, so that the polysilicon located in the upper gate trench 331A forms the gate electrode 35, thereby obtaining the structure shown in fig. 10, where the second insulating layer 802, the first insulating layer 801 and the third insulating layer 803 remaining in the upper terminal trench 411 are the nitride layer 44 and the isolation layer 42 shown in fig. 2; the first insulating layer 801, the third insulating layer 803, and the fourth insulating layer 804 remaining in the terminal trench 41 and the gate trench 331 form the isolation layer 36 as shown in fig. 2.
Then, referring to fig. 3 and 11, step 98 is performed to form the active portion 3A.
In step 98, a well 37 of the second type doping and a source 38 of the first type doping and having a high doping concentration are formed around the upper gate trench 331A, thereby completing the fabrication of the active portion 3A.
Then, the insulating layer 5 is formed on the top surface 31 of the semiconductor substrate 3. Then, the insulating layer 5 is perforated at the positions corresponding to the source electrode 38, the gate electrode 35 and the conductive portion 43, and after ion implantation is performed on the semiconductor substrate 3 through the perforations and then metal is deposited, a source conductive plug 61, a gate conductive plug (not shown) and a terminal conductive plug 62 are formed, which are in ohmic contact with the semiconductor substrate 3 as shown in fig. 2, and then the drain electrode 21 and conductive layers 63 electrically connected to the source conductive plug 61, the gate conductive plug and the terminal conductive plug 62, respectively, are formed, so as to obtain the power transistor as shown in fig. 2. Since the process parameters related to the well 37, the source 38, the insulating layer 5, the conductive plugs (61, 62), or the conductive layer 63 are well known in the art, they will not be further described.
It should be noted that the height of the conductive portion 43 of the terminal trench 41 may be equal to the depth of the terminal trench 41 or smaller than the depth of the terminal trench 41, and when the height of the conductive portion 43 is smaller than the depth of the terminal trench 41, the polysilicon of the terminal trench 41 is etched and removed at the same time without using the photoresist to protect the polysilicon of the terminal trench 41 in the step 95, so as to reduce the height of the polysilicon.
Although nitride can protect silicon oxide from damage and influence of subsequent processes during etching and thermal processes, the interface characteristics between the gate trench structure 33 and the drift region 32 are affected. However, the nitride also interacts with the gate electrode 35 to affect the device characteristics, so that the trench power transistor of the present invention can protect the silicon oxide by using the nitride in the process of manufacturing and the process of forming the insulating layer by the step etching and the step forming, and can protect the silicon oxide and prevent the silicon oxide from being further oxidized in the thermal process, and finally remove the nitride, so that the finally formed gate trench 331 does not have the nitride, and therefore, the problem of reducing the operation performance and reliability of the trench power transistor due to the induced charge generated by the interaction between the nitride and the gate electrode 35 caused by the nitride can be avoided.
Furthermore, in order to obtain a thicker isolation layer, the shielding electrode 34 and the gate electrode 35 are typically effectively isolated, and therefore, a thicker silicon oxide isolation layer is usually obtained by multiple thermal oxidation processes. However, since the thermal oxidation process is performed at a high temperature (about 950 ℃ to 1150 ℃), when the thermal oxidation times are high, the top region of the gate trench 331 is easily oxidized to be large, so that the distance (mesa) between adjacent gate trenches 331 is small, and the distance between the conductive plug and the adjacent gate trench is too close during the subsequent conductive plug fabrication, which affects the threshold voltage (Vth) of the device, and is also easy to cause process variability, which is not favorable for the fabrication of high density devices. Therefore, the oxide between the shield electrode 34 and the gate electrode 35 is formed by low pressure chemical vapor deposition at a temperature not greater than 750 ℃, which also avoids the disadvantage of the reduced distance between adjacent gate trenches 311 caused by using multiple thermal oxidation processes.
Referring to fig. 12, it is noted that, in some embodiments, the semiconductor body 3 further includes at least one rectifying structure 7 between two adjacent active portions 3A. The rectifying structure 7 can be integrated in a power MOSFET or can be a Trench-type rectifying Schottky diodes (Trench MOS Barrier Schottky diodes-TMBS) alone, and FIG. 12 shows an example of the rectifying structure 7 integrated in a power MOSFET, which has a Schottky conductive plug 71 in Schottky contact with the drift region 32. The power consumption of the recovery time (recovery) of the trench power transistor in the forward direction can be reduced by the rectifying structure 7.
When the semiconductor substrate 3 further includes the rectifying structure 7, the step 98 further forms a schottky conductive plug 71 penetrating through the insulating layer 5 and making schottky contact with the semiconductor substrate 3, and then electrically connects the schottky conductive plug 71 to the outside by using the conductive layer 63.
In summary, the trench power transistor of the present invention forms the gate trench structure 33 by performing a second etching and using a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition of an insulating layer at a temperature not greater than 750 ℃, so that the oxidation of other insulating layers in the gate trench 331 can be avoided by the protection of nitride during the thermal process, and the nitride can be removed during the subsequent process, thereby avoiding the defect that the device characteristics are affected due to the interaction between the nitride and the gate electrode 35 caused by the contact or close proximity of the nitride in the gate trench 331, and improving the operation performance and reliability of the trench power transistor. In addition, the power transistor of the present invention has a higher voltage resistance, so that the doping concentration of the drift region can be increased, the on-resistance can be reduced, and the power consumption of the device operation can be further reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for fabricating a trench power transistor is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
step A, etching for the first time from the top surface of the semiconductor substrate downwards to form a plurality of upper grid ditch parts which are spaced from each other, wherein each upper grid ditch part is defined by a first wall;
step B, sequentially depositing a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer on the top surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first wall, wherein the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are made of different materials and are made of nitride, removing the second insulating layer corresponding to the bottom of the upper gate trench portion, and forming an opening which is not covered by the second insulating layer on the first insulating layer of each upper gate trench portion;
step C, etching for the second time from the opening downwards to form a plurality of lower grid ditch parts which are respectively communicated with the upper grid ditch part on the semiconductor substrate, wherein each lower grid ditch part is defined by a second surrounding wall;
d, depositing a third insulating layer on the second insulating layer corresponding to the top surface of the semiconductor substrate and the upper grid ditch part and the second surrounding wall, wherein the material of the third insulating layer is different from that of the second insulating layer;
step E, filling polycrystalline silicon in the upper grid electrode ditch part and the lower grid electrode ditch part, and then removing the polycrystalline silicon in the upper grid electrode ditch part to enable the polycrystalline silicon in the lower grid electrode ditch part to form a shielding electrode;
step F, forming a fourth insulating layer which covers the top surface and is filled in the upper grid electrode ditch part, then etching and removing the third insulating layer and the fourth insulating layer of the upper grid electrode ditch part until the second insulating layer is exposed, and keeping a preset thickness of the residual fourth insulating layer between the upper grid electrode ditch part and the adjacent shielding electrode;
step G, etching and removing the second insulating layer exposed out of the upper grid ditch part to expose the first insulating layer covered by the second insulating layer, and filling polycrystalline silicon in the upper grid ditch part to form a grid electrode by the polycrystalline silicon; and
and step H, forming a well region and a source electrode around the upper grid ditch part on the semiconductor substrate by ion implantation, then forming an insulating layer covering the top surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a conductive unit which is positioned on the insulating layer, forms ohmic contact with the source electrode and the grid electrode and can be electrically connected with the outside.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the depth of the upper gate trench portion formed in step a is between 0.5 to 1.5um, and the depth of the lower gate trench portion formed in step C is between 0.5 to 10um.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and E, further removing part of the polysilicon in the lower gate trench part to form a space between the top surface of the polysilicon remained in the lower gate trench part and the bottom of the upper gate trench part.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: step a further includes forming an upper terminal trench portion located at an outermost periphery of the upper gate trench portion, the upper terminal trench portion also being defined by a first peripheral wall, step C simultaneously removing a second insulating layer corresponding to a bottom of the upper terminal trench portion, while forming an opening not covered by the second insulating layer in the first insulating layer of the upper terminal trench portion, and simultaneously forming a lower terminal trench portion communicating with the upper terminal trench portion after etching, the lower terminal trench portion also being defined by a second peripheral wall, step D simultaneously depositing the third insulating layer on the second insulating layer of the upper terminal trench portion, step E simultaneously filling polysilicon in the upper and lower terminal trench portions, making the polysilicon filled in the upper and lower terminal trench portions constitute a conductive portion, the fourth insulating layer formed in step F simultaneously covers the conductive portion, and after etching, simultaneously removing the third and fourth insulating layers filled in the upper terminal trench portion, making the second insulating layer and the second insulating layer form a conductive portion, and making the second insulating layer and the second insulating layer partially cover the conductive portion, and the second insulating layer electrically connect the conductive portion to the upper terminal trench portion, and the second insulating layer unit electrically connects the upper terminal portion with the insulating layer.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the step E is to form the third insulating layer of silicon oxide by low pressure chemical vapor deposition at a temperature between 650 to 750 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the fourth insulating layer is formed by low pressure chemical vapor deposition at a temperature of 650 to 750 ℃.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: and E, further etching and removing part of the polysilicon positioned in the lower grid electrode ditch part to enable the shielding electrode to generate a space with the bottom surface of the corresponding upper grid electrode ditch part.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: step H is further carried out to form at least one rectifying structure which is positioned between the upper grid ditch parts and is in Schottky contact with the semiconductor substrate.
9. A trench power transistor, comprising: a semiconductor body and a plurality of active portions formed within the semiconductor body, the semiconductor body having a top surface, characterized in that: each active part comprises:
a gate trench structure having a gate trench extending downward from the top surface, the gate trench having an upper gate trench portion adjacent to the top surface, and a lower gate trench portion extending from the bottom of the upper gate trench portion and having a diameter not equal to the diameter of the upper gate trench portion, a shield electrode located in the lower gate trench portion, a gate electrode located in the upper gate trench portion and spaced apart from the shield electrode, and an insulating isolation unit having an isolation layer formed on the top surface and extending to the gate trench, the isolation layer covering the shield electrode and the gate electrode, such that the shield electrode and the gate electrode are spaced apart from each other by the isolation layer;
a well region extending from the top surface down to the gate trench structure;
a source formed in the well region and extending to the gate trench structure;
an insulating layer covering the top surface of the semiconductor substrate;
the conductive unit is provided with a plurality of conductive plugs which penetrate through the insulating layer and are electrically connected with the active part, and a conductive layer which is formed on the insulating layer and is used for electrically connecting the conductive plugs to the outside; and
the edge terminal structure is positioned at the outermost periphery of the active part and is provided with a terminal ditch formed downwards from the top surface, an insulating layer filled in the terminal ditch, a conductive part positioned in the terminal ditch and a nitride layer, wherein the terminal ditch is provided with an upper terminal ditch part formed by downwards extending from the top surface and a lower terminal ditch part extending downwards from the bottom of the upper terminal ditch part and having a diameter width smaller than that of the upper terminal ditch part, the conductive part is at least positioned at the lower terminal ditch part and is coated by the insulating layer, and the nitride layer is positioned at the upper terminal ditch part, is coated by the insulating layer and is not contacted with the conductive part.
10. The trench power transistor of claim 9, wherein: the semiconductor substrate further includes at least one rectifying structure between two adjacent active portions, the at least one rectifying structure having a Schottky conductive plug in Schottky contact with the semiconductor substrate.
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CN102005377A (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-04-06 万国半导体股份有限公司 Fabrication of trench DMOS device having thick bottom shielding oxide
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