CN111505286A - 一种新型冠状病毒特异性抗体双抗原夹心elisa检测试剂盒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种新型冠状病毒特异性抗体双抗原夹心elisa检测试剂盒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物技术领域,公开了一种新型冠状病毒特异性抗体双抗原夹心ELISA检测试剂盒及其制备方法。本发明所述试剂盒包括包被有新型冠状病毒SARS‑CoV‑2的NP抗原和S1抗原的酶联板,以及酶标记的新型冠状病毒SARS‑CoV‑2的NP抗原和S1抗原。本发明采用基因工程表达的经糖蛋白后修饰的S1蛋白以及NP蛋白,共同作为抗原建立了基于双抗原夹心的ELISA检测试剂盒,由于血清不需要稀释,灵敏度较间接ELISA高;而且双抗原夹心无需使用酶标二抗,因此试剂的特异性也高于ELISA间接法。本发明试剂盒可以快速、准确地进行SARS‑CoV‑2病毒感染后的确诊,提高检出率和正确率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,具体的说是涉及一种新型冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体双抗原夹心ELISA检测试剂盒及其制备方法。
背景技术
通过对肺炎患者体内分离的病毒样本进行测序,发现了一个未知的冠状病毒,属于β属,命名为SARS-CoV-2。序列比对的研究显示该病毒与 SARS-CoV有79.5%的序列相似性。
冠状病毒是一类具有包膜的RNA单链病毒,广泛存在于人类、猪、牛、猫、骆驼、老鼠、蝙蝠等多种哺乳动物以及多种鸟类,并可引起呼吸道、肝脏、肠道和神经系统疾病。冠状病毒在动物体内很常见,但动物的冠状病毒感染人,并在人和人之间传播的很少见。目前已知的有6种冠状病毒属对人类致病,其中229E、OC43、NL63和HKU1 4种可引发普通感冒症状,2种可引起致命的呼吸系统疾病的是SARS和MERS,而此次爆发的SARS-CoV-2 是已知的第七种。
病毒基因组的研究结果表明,类似其它的冠状病毒,SARS-CoV-2是一个有囊膜的正链RNA病毒,基因组接近30Kb,除编码多聚酶外,编码的结构蛋白主要有包膜刺突蛋白S(spike)、膜蛋白M(membrane)和E(envelope)、核衣壳蛋白N(nucleocapsid)。
冠状病毒的S蛋白主要负责病毒与细胞受体的结合、膜融合及进入。与 SARS-Spike蛋白的序列比对的结果表明,SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白同样属于I 型跨膜糖蛋白,由S1和S2两个结构域组成。S1位于整个蛋白的N末端,负责病毒与靶细胞的受体结合。已有文章证明血管紧张素转换酶(ACE2)是 SARS-CoV-2的功能受体,其中位于S1中间区域的片段受体结合结构域(RBD) 负责与ACE2的结合。S蛋白也是诱导机体产生中和抗体的主要免疫原,但S 蛋白为糖蛋白,用原核表达出来无糖蛋白后修饰,表达产物的生物活性较低;且目的蛋白常以包涵体形式表达,导致产物纯化困难。
核衣壳蛋白NP与病毒RNA的包装信号结合,引导形成螺旋状核衣壳,对病毒的正确组装具有重要意义,而且NP抗原是冠状病毒的主要免疫反应原,诱导机体产生强的免疫应答,在大于90%的来自SARS病人血清中均含有抗N 蛋白的抗体。另外,因NP蛋白不含糖基化,所以可在原核中大量表达并产生较强的免疫原性,是研究检测SARS-CoV-2感染的酶联免疫方法的理想选择,即适用于检测N蛋白抗体或作为直接检测抗原的方法。在SARS的检测中,美国CDC和加拿大国家微生物研究中心均在研究以重组N蛋白为抗原的抗体检测试剂。
SARS-CoV-2病毒感染的实验室检测方法主要有①病毒分离培养,需要在P3或P3以上的实验室进行,技术要求高,存在很大危险性,不易大范围推广;②分子生物学检测,以qPCR为主,检测SARS-CoV-2的核酸,样本一般为咽拭子,对医务人员风险较大,且干扰因素较多,易出现假阳/阴性结果;③特异性抗体检测,如ELISA等。
以检测抗体为目的的ELISA体系操作简便,快速,对于检测如COVID-19 这样的流行病具有较大优势。但常见的间接ELISA方法检测有不可避免的缺点:①间接ELISA方法中使用的酶标是抗人IgG或IgM二抗,为避免血清样本中其他抗体的干扰,通常需要将样本稀释,导致灵敏度降低;②血清中其他抗体存在非特异吸附,酶标二抗无法区分,导致检测结果出现假阳性。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体双抗原夹心ELISA检测试剂盒及其制备方法,使得所述试剂盒能够显著提高新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的检出率和正确率。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体双抗原夹心ELISA检测试剂盒,包括包被有新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的NP抗原和S1抗原的酶联板,以及酶标记的新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的NP抗原和S1抗原;
所述NP抗原以SEQ ID.No.1所示序列进行原核表达制备获得,所述S1 抗原以SEQID.No.2所示序列进行真核表达制备获得。
本发明采用经过优化的编码序列原核表达NP蛋白,真核表达S蛋白,且优选抗原活性高的S1片段;采用NP蛋白和S1蛋白双抗原夹心ELISA方法进行新型冠肺炎患者的血清抗体检测。在本发明具体实施方式中,NP蛋白通过BL21DE3原核表达系统表达;S蛋白为糖基化蛋白,原核蛋白表达的S蛋白并不能够正确地修饰和折叠,生物活性低,且目的蛋白常以包涵体形式表达,导致产物纯化困难,因此本发明通过HEK293真核表达系统表达。
作为优选,所述酶联板中NP抗原和S1抗原的浓度比为1:1-3:1;所述酶标记的新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的NP抗原和S1抗原的浓度比为1:1-3:1。
作为优选,本发明所述试剂盒还包括如下组分中的一种或两种以上:
样品稀释液、洗涤液、酶标稀释液、显色剂、显色反应终止液、阴性血清、阳性血清。
在本发明具体实施方式中,所述样品稀释液为添加有叠氮钠的复钙人血浆,所述洗涤液为PBST(0.1%Tween-20的PBS),所述酶标稀释液为含有 0.9%NaCl、5%BSA和P300的Tris,所述显色剂为H2O2和TMB,所述显色反应终止液为硫酸。
同时,本发明还提供了所述试剂盒的制备方法,包括:
步骤1、分别在SEQ ID.No.1-2所示序列上添加筛选标签以及在序列两端添加酶切位点,然后再分别转入细菌表达质粒和真核表达质粒上,通过原核表达系统和真核表达系统表达出新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的NP抗原和S1 抗原;
步骤2、将NP抗原和S1抗原包被于酶联板上,采用封闭液封闭,获得包被有新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的NP抗原和S1抗原的酶联板;将NP抗原和S1抗原用过碘酸钠法与HRP偶联,标记抗原透析后,分装后加入BSA 和甘油,获得酶标记的新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的NP抗原和S1抗原。
其中,所述细菌表达质粒为pET-28a,所述真核表达质粒为pCMV5。在本发明具体实施方式中,本发明在SEQ ID.No.1所示序列上添加His筛选标签,同时在5’添加酶切位点BamHI,3’添加酶切位点NotI;在SEQ ID.No.2所示序列上添加His筛选标签,同时在5’添加酶切位点HindIII,3’添加酶切位点XbaI。
在本发明具体实施方式中,所述封闭液为5%小牛血清;所述抗原的包被浓度为1ug/ml,酶标记浓度为1mg/ml。
本发明对50份新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的血清标本以及24名健康人的血清标本同时进行了3种方法学检测。结果显示双抗原夹心法检测血清抗体检出率达92%,特异性为100%,整体符合率94.6%,优于ELISA间接法和捕获法。
由以上技术方案可知,本发明采用基因工程表达的经糖蛋白后修饰的S1 蛋白以及NP蛋白,共同作为抗原建立了基于双抗原夹心的ELISA检测试剂盒,由于血清不需要稀释,灵敏度较间接ELISA高;而且双抗原夹心无需使用酶标二抗,因此试剂的特异性也高于ELISA间接法。本发明试剂盒可以快速、准确地进行SARS-CoV-2病毒感染后的确诊,提高检出率和正确率。
附图说明
图1所示为SARS-CoV-2-NP重组蛋白纯化后SDS-PAGE检测结果;
图2所示为S1重组蛋白上清洗滤后SDS-PAGE检测结果;
图3所示为S1重组蛋白纯化后SDS-PAGE检测结果。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例公开了一种新型冠状病毒特异性抗体双抗原夹心ELISA检测试剂盒及其制备方法,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明内。本发明所述试剂盒及其制备方法已通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述试剂盒及其制备方法进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
以下就本发明所提供的一种新型冠状病毒特异性抗体双抗原夹心ELISA 检测试剂盒及其制备方法做进一步说明。
实施例1:抗原制备
1、NP抗原
参照SARS-CoV-2病毒(GenBank:MN908947.3)中序列进行优化,以 SEQID.No.1所示序列合成其NP蛋白的读码框并分别在5’添加酶切位点 BamHI,3’添加酶切位点NotI。采用常规分子生物学方法,将该阅读框插入细菌表达质粒pET-28a,得到细菌表达质粒pET-28a-NP。将该质粒常规转化 E.coli BL21DE3(novagen),按照厂商推荐的方法诱导表达SARS-CoV-2-NP重组蛋白,并用His纯化SARS-CoV-2-NP重组蛋白,经SDS-PAGE检测(图 1),蛋白分子量符合预期,纯度高于90%,常规蛋白定量备用。
2、S1抗原
参照SARS-CoV-2病毒(GenBank:MN908947.3)中序列进行优化,以 SEQID.No.2所示序列合成其S1蛋白的读码框并分别在5’添加酶切位点 HindIII,3’添加酶切位点XbaI。采用常规分子生物学方法,将该阅读框插入真核表达质粒pCMV5,得到细菌表达质粒pCMV-S1。将该质粒常规转化 HEK293细胞中表达S1重组蛋白,上清洗滤后SDS-PAGE分析为可溶性表达 (图2),洗滤后His纯化(图3),分子量检测比理论偏大,为糖基化修饰,纯度90%以上;常规蛋白定量备用。
实施例2:试剂盒制备
NP抗原和S1抗原分别用pH9.6的碳酸缓冲液稀释至1ug/ml,100ul/孔包被96孔酶联板,4℃包被过夜,然后用5%小牛血清封闭4h,用含0.1%的 Tween-20的TBS洗涤三遍,每遍10min,37℃干燥2h,封装后4℃保存备用; NP抗原和S1抗原浓度调整为1mg/ml,用过碘酸钠法与HRP偶联,标记抗原透析后,分装后加入终浓度2%BSA和50%的甘油,-20℃保存。
实施例3:样本检测
检测时在包被反应孔中加入50ul样品稀释液(复钙人血浆+叠氮钠),然后加入50ul待检血清、阴性血清、阳性对照,37℃温育15min,用洗涤液PBST (0.1%Tween-20的PBS)洗板5次,拍干后加入1:1000酶稀释液 (Tris+0.9%NaCl+5%BSA+P300)稀释的SARS-CoV-2酶标抗原,37℃温育 15min,用洗涤液PBST洗板5次,拍干,加入显色剂A液(H2O2)、B液(TMB),37℃显色10min,显色完成后每孔加入1滴2M硫酸终止反应,用酶标仪读取OD450nm波长处的结果,临界值以阴性平均值的2.1倍作为标准(0.113)。
同时作为对比,使用包被NP抗原和S1抗原的酶联板,采用间接ELISA 鉴定血清中IgG抗体,临界值以阴性平均值的2.1倍作为标准(0.139);使用HRP标记的NP和S1抗原,采用IgM捕获法评估血清中的IgM抗体,临界值以阴性平均值的2.1倍作为标准(0.121)。
本实施例对50份新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的血清标本以及24名健康人的血清标本同时进行了3种方法学检测,结果见表1。
表1
结果显示,基于本发明试剂盒的双抗原夹心法检测血清抗体检出率达 92%,特异性为100%,整体符合率94.6%,优于ELISA间接法和捕获法。
以上所述只是用于理解本发明的方法及其核心思想,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利的保护范围。
序列表
<110> 郑州伊美诺生物技术有限公司
<120> 一种新型冠状病毒特异性抗体双抗原夹心ELISA检测试剂盒及其制备方法
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aaggaagacc ttaaattccc tcgaggacaa ggcgttccaa ttaacaccaa tagcagtcca 240
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Claims (9)
1.一种新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体双抗原夹心ELISA检测试剂盒,其特征在于,包括包被有新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的NP抗原和S1抗原的酶联板,以及酶标记的新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的NP抗原和S1抗原;
所述NP抗原以SEQ ID.No.1所示序列进行原核表达制备获得,所述S1抗原以SEQID.No.2所示序列进行真核表达制备获得。
2.根据权利要求1所述试剂盒,其特征在于,所述酶联板中NP抗原和S1抗原的浓度比为1:1-3:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述试剂盒,其特征在于,所述酶标记的新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的NP抗原和S1抗原的浓度比为1:1-3:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述试剂盒,其特征在于,所述原核表达为通过BL21DE3原核表达系统表达。
5.根据权利要求1所述试剂盒,其特征在于,所述真核表达为通过HEK293真核表达系统表达。
6.根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述试剂盒,其特征在于,还包括如下组分中的一种或两种以上:
样品稀释液、洗涤液、酶标稀释液、显色剂、显色反应终止液、阴性血清、阳性血清。
7.权利要求1所述试剂盒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤1、分别在SEQ ID.No.1-2所示序列上添加筛选标签以及在序列两端添加酶切位点,然后再分别转入细菌表达质粒和真核表达质粒上,通过原核表达系统和真核表达系统表达出新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的NP抗原和S1抗原;
步骤2、将NP抗原和S1抗原包被于酶联板上,采用封闭液封闭,获得包被有新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的NP抗原和S1抗原的酶联板;将NP抗原和S1抗原用过碘酸钠法与HRP偶联,标记抗原透析后,分装后加入BSA和甘油,获得酶标记的新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的NP抗原和S1抗原。
8.根据权利要求7所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述细菌表达质粒为pET-28a。
9.根据权利要求7所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述真核表达质粒为pCMV5。
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CN113203856A (zh) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-03 | 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 | 检测冠状病毒抗体的试剂盒、冠状病毒抗体的检测方法 |
CN113588948A (zh) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-02 | 江苏量界生物技术有限公司 | 一种基于elisa法定量检测新型冠状病毒n蛋白的试剂盒 |
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