CN111471497A - 一种用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油 - Google Patents
一种用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111471497A CN111471497A CN202010303973.8A CN202010303973A CN111471497A CN 111471497 A CN111471497 A CN 111471497A CN 202010303973 A CN202010303973 A CN 202010303973A CN 111471497 A CN111471497 A CN 111471497A
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- diesel oil
- compression ignition
- clean diesel
- clean
- following components
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- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 7
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 5
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
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- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 1
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- MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]methanol Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NCO)=N1 MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical compound [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNVQBUHCOYRLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(=O)NC(N)=O WNVQBUHCOYRLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/18—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1826—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms poly-hydroxy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/228—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles
- C10L1/2283—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles containing one or more carbon to nitrogen double bonds, e.g. guanidine, hydrazone, semi-carbazone, azomethine
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油,按重量百分比计,包括以下组分:节能减排剂5%‑10%;柴油组份:95%‑5%;其中,节能减排剂由以下组份组成:聚甲氧基二甲醚50%‑30%;多氧化合物20%‑30%;氮氧化物抑制剂20%‑30%;助溶剂A10%;氮氧化物抑制剂的组份为:多氮化合物40~30%;尿素或三聚氰胺30~40%;乙二醇20%;助溶剂B10%;多氮化合物为邻苯二胺和亚硝酸钠在酸性条件下发生重氮化和酯化反应而得的产物;所述多氧化合物为以70%叔丁基过氧化氢、苯甲酰氯为原料,反应制得的98%过氧化叔丁酯。本发明的清洁柴油能够高效实现发动机尾气中NOx、HC和CO的减排。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于一种清洁柴油,具体涉及一种用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油。
背景技术
当今世界,能源和环境已被确认为是影响全球经济社会可持续发展的主要因素,而能源是人类生存与经济发展的物质基础,化石能源的发现和利用使人类告别了农耕文明,进入了工业文明。200多年工业文明的实践表明,化石能源的使用在带来巨大社会进步的同时,也带来了严峻的环境问题和气候问题,未来中国乃至世界的可持续发展呼唤着人类由工业文明转向生态文明。
人类生命活动(如汽油和柴油等燃料燃烧)导致出现了严重的大气污染,产生了大量的排放物如碳排放物(CO、HC)和氮氧化物(NOx),这些排放物威胁着人类生存的环境和身体健康。我国现有的产业现状和能源结构决定了一氧化碳、碳氢化物和氮氧化物的排放量一直居高不下,制造业、电力行业和交通运输业是上述三大废气的主要排放源,其中交通运输业中尾气的排放量呈现逐年增长趋势,而电力行业如火力发电厂等作为我国的燃煤大户,其通过煤炭的直接燃烧产生了我国绝大部分上述废气排放量。目前,人类生产活动对生态环境已造成了极大的破坏,大气中一氧化碳、碳氢化物和氮氧化物污染物已对人类健康产生了严重的威胁,我国目前正面临着严峻的减排形势。
2018年10月26日,我国颁布实施了最新修订后的《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》,其中重点强调了对氮氧化物的排放控制,规定燃煤电厂和其他燃煤单位应当采用清洁生产工艺,配套建设脱硝装置,或者采取技术改造等其他控制大气污染物排放的措施。钢铁、建材、有色金属、石油、化工等企业生产过程中排放氮氧化物的,应当采用清洁生产工艺,配套建设脱硝装置,或者采取技术改造等其他控制大气污染物排放的措施。国家鼓励上述单位采用先进的脱硝协同控制的技术和装置,减少大气污染物的排放。
随着我国压燃机排放法规愈加严格,法规中压燃机氮氧化物(NOx)、碳氢(HC)和CO的排放限值越来越低。为了减少机动车尾气中这些废气物的排放量,人们展开了大量的研究。如对氮氧化物的催化还原研究,有使用含贵金属Pt、Rh、Pd的三效尾气催化剂,发现可有效地将汽车尾气中76%的NOx转化,但无法在富氧条件下将NOx还原成N2,限制了其使用。直到1990年,Iwamoto小组和Held小组分别独立报道了有氧存在条件下Cu-ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上用烃类还原NO反应的催化过程,开辟了NOx催化还原的新途径。近年来使用乙醇催化还原NOx也是一个极具发展前景的研究课题,我国也有很多学者在NOx催化转化领域也做了很多有意义的研究工作,如包信和院士课题组研究了银催化剂用于氮氧化物的还原和分解,贺泓课题组研究了Ag/Al2O3、Ag-Pd/Al2O3催化剂选择性催化还原NOx,李雪辉课题组探索了以Cr-Mn复合氧化物催化剂用NH3催化还原NOx,杨栋课题组探索了以In/金属硫酸盐/TiO2催化剂用NH3催化还原NOx。上述催化剂的研究虽然取得了丰富的研究成果,却仍然存在稳定性差、催化活性温度范围窄、活性易受氧气和水等其他成分的影响以及价格昂贵等多方面问题。如对机动车尾气减排的研究,人们开发了乙醇汽油以及清洁汽柴油,其中清洁燃油的开发得到了大力推广。
开展清洁燃油生产工艺和在汽车燃油中加入清洁掺烧燃料是目前大幅度改进燃油质量,减少机动车尾气中有害气体排放的较为可行的办法。较多使用的是醇类燃料和醚类燃料,醇类燃料包括甲醇、乙醇等,但醇类燃料存在低温分层、遇水分层等缺点,在运输、储存和使用上有较大困难;而醚类燃料包括二甲醚等,存在辛烷值低、常温常压下是气态,应用受到较大限制;且以醇类燃料和醚类燃料替代石油燃料存在油品质量难以控制,无法高效解决尾气排放中有害气体排放量高、严重污染环境等问题。
对于提供新的清洁柴油产品,更高效稳定的除去汽车尾气中废气的排放量,有效减少大气污染,实现电力燃煤等企业生产活动中的高效运转和节能,成为我国环境治理方面正面临的一个严峻考验,目前仍在进行大量的研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了解决机动车尾气排放的问题,而提供一种用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油,本发明的清洁柴油能够高效实现发动机尾气中NOx、HC和CO的减排,大大减少机动车尾气中废气的排放对大气造成的污染,该清洁柴油能够很好替代现有的柴油产品,同时也实现了煤矿生产企业的节能减排,具备清洁环保的特点。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油,所述清洁柴油按重量百分比计,包括以下组分:
节能减排剂5%-10%;
柴油组份:95%-5%;
其中,所述节能减排剂由以下组份组成:
聚甲氧基二甲醚50%-30%;
多氧化合物20%-30%;
氮氧化物抑制剂20%-30%;
助溶剂A10%;
其中,所述氮氧化物抑制剂的组份为:
多氮化合物40~30%;
尿素或三聚氰胺30~40%;
乙二醇20%;
助溶剂B10%;
所述多氮化合物为邻苯二胺和亚硝酸钠在酸性条件下发生重氮化和酯化反应而得的产物;
所述多氧化合物为用70%叔丁基过氧化氢、苯甲酰氯为主原料,以适当浓度的盐水和氢氧化钠为辅原料,在有效控制反应温度和反应时间的条件下制得98%过氧化叔丁酯;
所述柴油组份包括国标柴油和非国标柴油。
本发明提供的上述清洁柴油产品,其中选择尿素或三聚氰胺与多氮化合物复配组成氮氧化物抑制剂,应用于发动机中能够起到很好的脱硝作用,大大减少了机动车尾气的氮氧化物排放量。同时采用多氧化合物与聚甲氧基二甲醚组成节能减排剂,再将其与柴油进行调配制成清洁柴油产品,能够更高效地使燃油在发动机内充分燃烧,实现全面的节能减排。
尿素作为催化还原系统的主要物质,能够提供氨作为还原剂在SCR催化剂表面将柴油机排气中的NOx还原为N2和水,但是其也存在NOx低温转化效率低下,排气管路产生沉积物及氨泄漏等缺陷。而采用多氮化合物进行复配,能够很好解决这一缺陷。
尿素为无色或白色针状或棒状结晶体,为白色略带微红色固体颗粒,无臭无味,含氮量约为46.67%,密度1.335g/cm3,熔点132.7℃,溶于水和醇。其化学性质呈弱碱性,可与酸作用生成盐,有水解作用;在高温下可进行缩合反应,生成缩二脲、缩三脲和三聚氰酸;加热至160℃时分解,产生氨气同时变为异氰酸。因为在人尿中含有这种物质,所以取名尿素,是固体氮肥中含氮量最高的。而SCR系统中就是利用尿素经过热解水解后,能够释放出氨作为还原剂在SCR催化剂表面将柴油机排气中的NOx还原为N2和水,但是目前转化效率较低。
另外作为可替换的高含氮组合物三聚氰胺,其是一种含氮杂环有机物,分子式为C3H6N6,相对分子量:126.15,其分子结构如下:
三聚氰胺是性状为纯白色单斜棱晶体,不可燃,无味,低毒,密度1.573g/cm3(16℃),含氧量为68%,常压下的熔点为354℃,急剧加热则分解;快速加热升华,升华温度300℃。在水中溶解度随温度升高而增大,在20℃时,约为3.3g/L,溶于热水,可溶于多元醇等。其化学性质呈弱碱性(pH值=8),与盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、乙酸、草酸等都能形成三聚氰胺盐,在中性或微碱性情况下与甲醛缩合而成各种羟甲基三聚氰胺,但在微酸性(pH值5.5~6.5)中与羟甲基的衍生物进行缩聚反应而生成树脂产物。三聚氰胺是含氮最高的杂环有机化合物,和尿素具有相同的分子功能团—NH2,两者的物理性质相似,在燃烧过程中同样能够提供NH3源,实现氮氧化物的还原转化。
在体系内存在尿素或三聚氰胺的情况下,本发明创造性地以一种多氮化合物进行复配,所述多氮化合物为邻苯二胺和亚硝酸钠在酸性条件下发生重氮化和酯化反应而得的产物。该多氮化合物的氮含量较高,能够对催化还原过程起来促进作用,同时还能对氧化起到抑制作用。二者复配后可以在燃烧过程中对氮氧化物的产生起到很好的阻止作用同时还能促使产生的氮氧化物发生还原作用。这种体系的复配不仅本身不能氧化,而且对氧化有抑制作用,特别是在快速加热升华状态下对燃烧中间态的氮气和氧气,具有较高的阻止氧化能力。尿素或三聚氰胺在燃烧过程中,将快速高效分解为氨气、水和二氧化碳,其中氨气(NH3)作为还原剂,在尾气催化还原器的作用下能够促使氮氧化物(NOx)变成氮气(N2)与水(H2O)。
聚甲氧基二甲醚CH3O(CH2O)nCH3(DMMn,1≤n≤8)与正烷烃分子有相同的原子功能团,在物理化学性质上非常相似,聚甲氧基二甲醚分别以氧原子取代一个碳原子和两个氢原子,形成了与正烷烃相似结构。由于其碳氢分子键为π键,化学能级高,容易释放氧原子,属于非自由基的作用原理。在促进柴油十六烷值的作用下实现充分燃烧,达到减排目的。但是由于聚甲氧基二甲醚是混合物,其中含有组分DMM1和DMM2,这两种组分的闪点低,氧含量与其他组分相比偏低,但是又很难以将这两种组分单独除去,因此在采用聚甲氧基二甲醚作为燃油掺烧料时存在着以上弊端。本发明将多氧化合物与聚甲氧基二甲醚进行复配,其中多氧化合物是以70%叔丁基过氧化氢、苯甲酰氯为原料,在添加盐水和氢氧化钠的条件下发生反应制得的98%过氧化叔丁酯,该化合物的含氧量高,能够很好解决聚甲氧基二甲醚中组分DMM1和DMM2的问题,二者进行复配,能够提供充足的氧供燃油燃烧,起到了相互促进、协同增效的作用,对于机动车尾排的减排效果显著。
在上述配方下,本发明将其与柴油进行调配成清洁柴油,实现了很好的节能减排。
由于机动车尾气排放中产生的有害气体是于燃烧过程而非燃料本身的组份,以发动机为代表的燃烧系统的废气排放问题的解决主要集中于燃烧之后的处理。本发明的清洁柴油配方从燃料的改性过程出发,将液态的减排剂与液态柴油燃料混合调配,通过燃烧器中的燃煤过程使其达到减少尾气中废气排放的目的。且所选择的溶剂和增溶剂均具有较高的闪点,可以用于柴油的添加。增溶剂的添加具有高效的油、醇、醚的亲合作用,使抑制剂能与汽油组份和柴油组份完全互溶,克服了应用上的困难。
进一步的是,所述聚甲氧基二甲醚为DMMn,其中n=1~8。
进一步的是,所述叔丁基过氧化氢与苯甲酰氯的摩尔比为1:1。
进一步的是,所述盐水的浓度为2g/L,氢氧化钠的浓度为5mol/L。
进一步的是,所述邻苯二胺的纯度为99.5%以上,所述亚硝酸钠的纯度为99%以上。
进一步的是,所述邻苯二胺与亚硝酸钠的摩尔比为1.2~1.5:1。
进一步的是,所述酸为浓硫酸,其质量分数为98%,浓硫酸的用量为邻苯二胺摩尔量的2.5倍。
进一步的是,所述多氮化合物的反应温度为75~82℃,所述多氧化合物的反应温度为50~60℃。
进一步的是,所述助溶剂A为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚与正戊醇按体积比2:1的混合物,所述助溶剂B为乙醇胺与正丁醇按体积比1:1的混合物。
进一步的是,所述国标柴油的十六烷值≥46,硫含量≤50ppm;所述非国标柴油的十六烷值≥35,硫含量≤70ppm。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明提供的清洁柴油产品,是通过多种高含氮组分的复配以及高含氧组分的复配,再与柴油产品进行混合调配,充分考虑燃油在发动机内燃烧的特性,从根本出发改变燃油燃烧过程不充分导致产生大量有害气体的缺陷,各种组分的复配能够在燃烧过程中起到补充燃烧所需的氧环境,并能高效阻止氮氧化和高效催化氮还原的功能,两者相互促进,加大彼此的功能,更加有效地减少了燃烧不充分引起的机动车尾气中有害气体排放的问题。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例对本发明进行具体描述,有必要指出的是,以下实施例仅仅用于对本发明进行解释和说明,并不用于限定本发明。本领域技术人员根据上述发明内容所做出的一些非本质的改进和调整,仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
氮氧化物抑制剂按如下表1中的原料配方组成:
表1
其中助溶剂B为乙醇胺与正丁醇按体积比1:1的混合物。
多氮化合物的制备方法如下:
在反应釜中先加入由邻苯二胺(99.5%)与98%浓硫酸配成的悬浮液(邻苯二胺与浓硫酸的摩尔比为1:2.5),搅拌均匀,控制瓶内温度为75~82℃,然后经漏斗缓慢滴加由亚硝酸钠(99%)与水制成的溶液,并使之剧烈机械搅拌,滴加时间为1.5h(邻苯二胺的用量为亚硝酸钠摩尔量的1.2~1.5倍),滴加完毕后继续搅拌反应20min,将所得沉淀物趁冷抽滤,并依次用工业乙醇和乙醚洗涤后,真空干燥一段时间,得到产物,产率90%以上。
制备过程中涉及的主要反应式如下(酯化反应为副反应,产物很少,可忽略):
表2
其中多氧化合物为以70%叔丁基过氧化氢、苯甲酰氯为原料(摩尔比1:1),在添加盐水(浓度为2g/L)和氢氧化钠(浓度为5mol/L)的条件下与80-90℃发生反应制得的98%过氧化叔丁酯。助溶剂A为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚与正戊醇按体积比2:1的混合物。
清洁柴油配方按表3
表3
其中,非国标柴油的十六烷值为42,硫含量为61ppm。
对比例1
一种清洁柴油,将组分氮氧化物抑制剂中多氮化合物去除,抑制剂中三聚氰胺、乙二醇和助溶剂的配比为70:20:10。
对比例2
一种清洁柴油,将组分节能减排剂中多氧化合物去除,节能减排剂中聚甲氧基二甲醚、氮氧化物抑制剂和助溶剂的配比为70:20:10。
实验例1
将表3(清洁柴油1-3)以及对比例1-2中配制的清洁柴油用于发动机的燃烧试验,分别添加到发动机燃烧室内进行燃烧,测试发动机在2400r/min负荷特性对应工况点的排放性能,发动机型号选用DK4A型科研用柴油机。对发动机尾气排放口的NOx、HC和CO排放量进行实时监测,并与普通0#柴油的试验进行对比。试验测得使用清洁柴油后尾气中各排放物排放量的变化如表4所示:
表4
从表4可以看出,采用本发明的清洁柴油后,与普通0#柴油相比,柴油车尾气中各废气物的排放量均得到了较大幅度的下降。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油,其特征在于,所述清洁柴油按重量百分比计,包括以下组分:
节能减排剂5%-10%;
柴油组份:95%-5%;
其中,所述节能减排剂由以下组份组成:
聚甲氧基二甲醚50%-30%;
多氧化合物20%-30%;
氮氧化物抑制剂20%-30%;
助溶剂A10%;
其中,所述氮氧化物抑制剂的组份为:
多氮化合物40~30%;
尿素或三聚氰胺30~40%;
乙二醇20%;
助溶剂B10%;
所述多氮化合物为邻苯二胺和亚硝酸钠在酸性条件下发生重氮化和酯化反应而得的产物;
所述多氧化合物为以70%叔丁基过氧化氢、苯甲酰氯为原料,在添加盐水和氢氧化钠的条件下发生反应制得的98%过氧化叔丁酯;
所述柴油组份包括国标柴油和非国标柴油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油,其特征在于,所述聚甲氧基二甲醚为DMMn,其中n=1~8。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油,其特征在于,所述叔丁基过氧化氢与苯甲酰氯的摩尔比为1:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油,其特征在于,所述盐水的浓度为2g/L,氢氧化钠的浓度为5mol/L。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油,其特征在于,所述邻苯二胺的纯度为99.5%以上,所述亚硝酸钠的纯度为99%以上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油,其特征在于,所述邻苯二胺与亚硝酸钠的摩尔比为1.2~1.5:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油,其特征在于,所述酸为浓硫酸,其质量分数为98%,浓硫酸的用量为邻苯二胺摩尔量的2.5倍。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油,其特征在于,所述多氮化合物的反应温度为75~82℃,所述多氧化合物的反应温度为50~60℃。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油,其特征在于,所述助溶剂A为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚与正戊醇按体积比2:1的混合物,所述助溶剂B为乙醇胺与正丁醇按体积比1:1的混合物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的用于压燃式发动机的清洁柴油,其特征在于,所述国标柴油的十六烷值≥46,硫含量≤50ppm;所述非国标柴油的十六烷值≥35,硫含量≤70ppm。
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