CN111440085B - 一种双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111440085B CN111440085B CN202010139890.XA CN202010139890A CN111440085B CN 111440085 B CN111440085 B CN 111440085B CN 202010139890 A CN202010139890 A CN 202010139890A CN 111440085 B CN111440085 B CN 111440085B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 description 19
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- C07C235/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C235/04—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C235/10—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to an acyclic carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/12—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by reactions not involving the formation of carboxamide groups
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- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂,包括以下结构:其中,R1和R3各自独立地选自碳原子数2‑7的直链或支链的全氟醚链和全氟多醚链;R2选自碳原子数2~12的直链或支链的烃基或醚基以及邻位、间位或对位的芳香基团;R4和R5各自独立地选自碳原子数2~5的直链或支链的烃基或芳香基团;R6和R7各自独立地选自O或NR8,R8选自H或碳原子数1~3的烃基,X选自卤素。同时,本发明还公开了上述双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂的制备方法。本发明提供的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂具有良好的可降解性能和较低的毒性,能够有效解决现有碳氟表面活性剂存在的生物蓄积性和毒性高的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于表面活性剂技术领域,具体涉及一种双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳氟表面活性剂作为新一类的特种表面活性剂开始成为化工表面活性剂领域研究的热点,传统碳氟表面活性剂是指疏水链上的氢原子部分或全部被氟原子取代,这类化合物同时具有“憎水”“憎油”的功能,因此含氟表面活性剂主要应用于消防泡沫灭火、工业、农业、机械、纺织、医药等领域,有着不可替代的作用,享有“工业味精”的誉称。
传统的表面活性剂由一个末端亲水性基团和一个疏水性基团组成,而孪连表面活性剂(Gemini surfactant或Geminis)由两个或两个以上的亲水性尾部基团、两个或两个以上的疏水性头部基团和一个桥联基团通过共价连接而成,又称双子型表面活性剂。与传统碳氢表面活性剂相比,双子型表面活性剂具有较低的临界胶束浓度(CMC)、C20值很小、多种团聚体结构等特点,由于这些独特的性质,它们表现出更好的润湿、较低的表面张力等性能,其水溶液也具有特殊的相行为和流变性,而且其形成的分子有序的组合体具有一些特殊的性质和功能,已引起学术界和工业界的广泛兴趣和关注。
Gemini型碳氟阳离子表面活性剂作为一种新型表面活性剂而受到人们的广泛关注。这些表面活性剂不仅在亲水性头基团之间有较小的排斥作用,而且在界面上的排列更加紧密,大大降低了表面和界面的张力。然而Gemini型碳氟阳离子表面活性剂在降解过程中易生成长链的全氟烷基化合物,难以发生进一步降解并且在生物体中蓄积,具有一定的生物毒性。
直到最近十年,人类才认识到全氟辛酸(PFOA)、全氟辛磺酸(PFOS)和其他像PFAAs这种全氟烷基链(C>8)的含氟表面活性剂在全球环境中的广泛存在,由于它们在环境中的持久性和在动物和人体内积累的高趋势,引起了巨大的环境和毒性关注。因此,3M公司在2000年宣布在全球范围内逐步淘汰长链PFAAs,PFOS已于2009年5月被列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》持久性有机污染物(pop)名单,导致全球限制其生产。PFOA在2019年5月被列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》附件A而禁止使用。由于全氟烷基表面活性剂具有一系列独特的性质,极低的表面张力和高疏水/油性,使它们在先进的技术应用中难以替代,因此,迫切需要更换这些碳氟表面活性剂,以符合更高的环境可持续性标准和日益严格的法律规范,设计新型含氟表面活性剂的一个更绿色、更有效、更长期、更可持续的策略是势在必行的。
发明内容
针对现有全氟烷基链的表面活性剂存在生物蓄积性和毒性高的问题,本发明提供了一种双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂的制备方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案如下:
一方面,本发明提供了一种双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂,包括以下结构:
其中,R1和R3各自独立地选自碳原子数2-7的直链或支链的全氟醚链和全氟多醚链;R2选自碳原子数2~12的直链或支链的烃基或醚基以及邻位、间位或对位的芳香基团;R4和R5各自独立地选自碳原子数2~5的直链或支链的烃基或芳香基团;R6和R7各自独立地选自O或NR8,R8选自H或碳原子数1~3的烃基,X选自卤素。
可选的,R1和R3各自独立地选自以下通式:
R9(OCF2)m(OCF(CF3))n(CF2)p
其中,R9选自CF3、C2F5、C3F7或C4F9;m=0~6;n=0~3;p=0~2。
可选的,R1和R3各自独立地选自CF3OCF2OCF2CF2OCF(CF3)-、CF3CF2CF2OCF(CF3)-、CF3OCF2CF2OCF(CF3)-、CF3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF(CF3)-、CF3CF2OCF(CF3)CF2OCF(CF3)-、CF3OCF2-、CF3(OCF2)2-、CF3(OCF2)3-、CF3(OCF2)4-或CF3(OCF2)5-。
可选的,R2选自碳原子数2~6的直链烷基、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2-、
可选的,R4和R5选自-CH2CH2CH2-。
可选的,R8选自H或甲基。
可选的,所述双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂选自以下结构:
可选的,所述双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂选自以下结构:
另一方面,本发明提供了如上所述的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂的制备方法,包括以下操作步骤:
获取如结构式2、结构式3和结构式4所示的化合物,将结构式2所示的化合物、结构式3所示的化合物和结构式4所示的化合物混合于溶剂中,升温至溶剂回流,反应后去除溶剂,得到结构式1所示的化合物;
其中,R1和R3各自独立地选自碳原子数2-7的直链或支链的全氟醚链和全氟多醚链;R2选自碳原子数2~12的直链或支链的烃基或醚基以及邻位、间位或对位的芳香基团;R4和R5各自独立地选自碳原子数2~5的直链或支链的烃基或芳香基团;R6和R7各自独立地选自O或NR8,R8选自H或碳原子数1~3的烃基,X选自卤素。
可选的,结构式2所示的化合物和结构式3所示的化合物的物质的量总和是结构式4所示的化合物的物质的量的1.5~3倍。
可选的,反应温度为70~90℃,反应时间为8~16h。
可选的,所述溶剂包括乙腈、乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、DMF、DMSO和甲醇中的一种或多种。
可选的,反应去除溶剂后对产物进行重结晶或洗涤,得到结构式1所示的化合物。
通常的含氟表面活性剂在自然界中的降解产物为含氟羧酸盐和磺酸盐,因此其降解产物的生物累积性和毒性的判断可以证明原表面活性剂的生物累积性和毒性。发明人在文章中已经发现全氟聚醚羧酸盐CF3(OCF2)nCO2M(n<=4)的毒性和生物累积性与PFOA相比都有显著的降低(“Comparative Hepatotoxicity of Novel PFOA Alternatives(Perfluoropolyether Carboxylic Acids)on Male Mice”,Environ.Sci.Technol.2019,53,3929–3937.)。发明人也发现长链的全氟醚类衍生的结构具有比PFOA更强的生物累积性和毒性,比如说六氟环氧丙烷三聚体酸(HFPO-TA)(“Hepatotoxic Effects ofHexafluoropropylene Oxide Trimer Acid (HFPO-TA),A Novel PerfluorooctanoicAcid(PFOA)Alternative,on Mice,”Environ. Sci.Technol.2018,52,8005-8015.)。因此,短链的全氟醚类和多醚类衍生出的化合物会拥有比PFOA更低的生物累积性和毒性,可以用于发展含氟双子型表面活性剂。
根据本发明提供的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂,相比于现有碳氟表面活性剂,所述双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂通过将两个亲水基团桥连,采用两个全氟醚链或全氟多醚链作为疏水基团,表现出了更好的表面张力、良好的润湿性和优异的表面活性作用,且原料易得,合成工艺简单,可替代传统的碳氟表面活性剂、实现其功能的结合。同时,该双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂具有低的生物蓄积性和较低的毒性,能够有效解决现有碳氟表面活性剂存在的生物蓄积性和毒性高的问题。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明一实施例提供了一种双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂,包括以下结构:
其中,R1和R3各自独立地选自碳原子数2-7的直链或支链的全氟醚链和全氟多醚链;R2选自碳原子数2~12的直链或支链的烃基或醚基以及邻位、间位或对位的芳香基团;R4和R5各自独立地选自碳原子数2~5的直链或支链的烃基或芳香基团;R6和R7各自独立地选自O或NR8,R8选自H或碳原子数1~3的烃基,X选自卤素。
相比于现有碳氟表面活性剂,所述双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂通过将两个亲水基团桥连,采用两个全氟醚链或全氟多醚链作为疏水基团,表现出了更好的表面张力、良好的润湿性和优异的表面活性作用,且原料易得,合成工艺简单,可替代传统的碳氟表面活性剂、实现其功能的结合。同时,该双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂具有良好的可降解性能和较低的毒性,能够有效解决现有碳氟表面活性剂存在的难降解和毒性大的问题。
在一些实施例中,R1和R3各自独立地选自以下通式:
R9(OCF2)m(OCF(CF3))n(CF2)p
其中,R9选自CF3、C2F5、C3F7或C4F9;m=0~6;n=0~3;p=0~2。
在更优选的实施例中,R1和R3各自独立地选自CF3OCF2OCF2CF2OCF(CF3)-、CF3CF2CF2OCF(CF3)-、CF3OCF2CF2OCF(CF3)-、CF3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF(CF3)-、CF3CF2OCF(CF3)CF2OCF(CF3)-、CF3OCF2-、CF3(OCF2)2-、CF3(OCF2)3-、CF3(OCF2)4-或CF3(OCF2)5-。
需要说明的是,以上仅是本发明要求保护的部分实施例,不应理解为对本发明的限制。
在一些实施例中,R2选自碳原子数2~6的直链烷基、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2-、
在一些实施例中,R4和R5选自-CH2CH2CH2-。
在一些实施例中,R8选自H或甲基。
在一些实施例中,所述双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂选自以下结构:
在更优选的实施例中,所述双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂选自以下结构:
本发明的另一实施例提供了如上所述的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂的制备方法,包括以下操作步骤:
获取如结构式2、结构式3和结构式4所示的化合物,将结构式2所示的化合物、结构式3所示的化合物和结构式4所示的化合物混合于溶剂中,升温至溶剂回流,反应后去除溶剂,得到结构式1所示的化合物;
其中,R1和R3各自独立地选自碳原子数2-7的直链或支链的全氟醚链和全氟多醚链;R2选自碳原子数2~12的直链或支链的烃基或醚基以及邻位、间位或对位的芳香基团;R4和R5各自独立地选自碳原子数2~5的直链或支链的烃基或芳香基团;R6和R7各自独立地选自O或NR8,R8选自H或碳原子数1~3的烃基,X选自卤素。
在一些实施例中,结构式2所示的化合物和结构式3所示的化合物的物质的量总和是结构式4所示的化合物的物质的量的1.5~3倍。
在更优选的实施例中,结构式2所示的化合物和结构式3所示的化合物的物质的量总和是结构式4所示的化合物的物质的量的2倍。
在一些实施例中,反应温度为70~90℃,反应时间为8~16小时。
在一些实施例中,所述溶剂包括乙腈、乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、DMF、DMSO和甲醇中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,反应去除溶剂后对产物进行重结晶或洗涤,得到结构式1所示的化合物。
结构式2所示的化合物、结构式3所示的化合物可采用现有方法制备得到,例如,以结构式2所示的化合物、结构式3所示的化合物选自为例,其中,RF为上述R1或R3,可采用以下方法制备得到:
方法一:将3-二甲氨基丙胺2.04g(20mmol,1.0eq.),三乙胺3.03g,(30mmol,1.5eq.),甲醇10mL,加入到100mL圆底烧瓶中,搅拌使体系混合均匀,用恒压滴液漏斗滴加化合物A(20mmol,1.0eq.),室温反应20小时。反应结束后用饱和食盐水洗涤,二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机层,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸除去溶剂,得到淡黄色液体C,产率90-92%。
具体反应式如下:
方法二:将3-二甲氨基丙胺2.04g(20mmol,2.0eq.),甲基叔丁基醚10mL,三乙胺3.03g(30mmol,1.5eq.)加入到100mL圆底烧瓶中,搅拌使反应体系混合均匀,然后滴加化合物B(10mmol,1.0eq.),室温反应2小时。反应结束后用饱和食盐水洗涤,二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机层,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸除去溶剂,得到淡黄色液体化合物C,产率84-90%。
具体反应式如下:
以下通过实施例对本发明进行进一步的说明。
实施例1~18的反应过程如上所示。
实施例1
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括以下操作步骤:
将化合物C(2mmol,1.0eq.),(4mmol,2.0eq.)和5mL乙腈/乙醇加入到50mL圆底三颈瓶中,其中,化合物C选自化合物10,溴化物选自1,2-二(溴甲基)苯,组装回流装置,升高温度至70-90℃,溶剂回流,反应8-16小时。反应结束后,旋蒸除去溶剂,得到固体粗产物,重结晶,产率94%。将得到的产物标记为化合物11。
将化合物10进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
2-(2-(difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanamide(10):
白色固体,产率90%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.36–3.24(m,2H),2.31(t,J=7Hz,2H),2.18(s,6H),1.74–1.64(m,2H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-55.3–-55.4(m,2F),-58.9(t,J=11Hz,3F),-84.2(s,3F),-86.8(dd,J=146,18Hz,1F),-90.2(dd,J=146,8Hz,1F),-91.6–-91.9(m,4F),-134.0(dd,J=18,8Hz,1F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C12H13F13N2O4[M+H]+:497.0741,found:497.0732.IR(film)v/cm-1:3347,2955,2831,2791,1714,1532,1470,1309,1219,1106,1010,989,963,916,869,794,765,720,647.
将化合物11进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N,N'-(1,2-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(1,1,1,3,3,5,5,6,6,8-decafluoro-N,N-dimethyl-9-oxo-8-(trifluoromethyl)-2,4,7-trioxa-10-azatridecan-13-aminium)bromide(11):
白色固体,产率93%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ7.86-7.83(m,2H),7.80–7.75(m,2H),5.02(s,4H),3.74–3.56(m,4H),3.53–3.40(m,4H),3.16(s,6H),3.12(s,6H),2.22–2.09(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-55.1–-55.3(m,4F),-58.7(t,J=9Hz,6F),-83.9(s,6F),-86.8(dd,J=146,18Hz,2F),-89.9(ddd,J=146,8Hz,2F),-91.5–-91.7(m,4F),-133.8(dd,J=18,8Hz,2F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C32H34Br2F26N4O8[M–H]-:1253.0255,found:1253.0255.IR(film)v/cm-1:3443,3041,1714,1539,1487,1311,1223,1106,654,868,788,651.
实施例2
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例1的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物10,溴化物选自1,3-二(溴甲基)苯;
将得到的产物标记为化合物12;
将化合物12进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N,N'-(1,3-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(1,1,1,3,3,5,5,6,6,8-decafluoro-N,N-dimethyl-9-oxo-8-(trifluoromethyl)-2,4,7-trioxa-10-azatridecan-13-aminium)bromide(12):
白色固体,产率93%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ8.04(s,1H),7.83(t,J=8Hz,2H),7.72(t,J=8Hz,1H),4.76(s,4H),3.54–3.40(m,8H),3.18(s,6H),3.17(s,6H),2.27–2.17(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-55.1–-55.3(m,4F),-58.7(t,J=9Hz,6F),-83.9(s,6F),-86.7(dd,J=146,18Hz,2F),-89.9(ddd,J=146,8,2Hz,2F),-91.5–-91.7(m,4F),-133.7(dd,J=18,8Hz,2F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C32H34Br2F26N4O8[M–Br]+:1175.1139,found:1175.1122.IR(film)v/cm-1:3396,3208,3021,2051,1711,1630,1537,1483,1387,1220,1108,1026,956,920,869,794,718,637.
实施例3
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例1的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物10,溴化物选自1,3-二溴丙烷;
将得到的产物标记为化合物14;
将化合物14进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N1,N3-bis(1,1,1,3,3,5,5,6,6,8-decafluoro-9-oxo-8-(trifluoromethyl)-2,4,7-trioxa-10-azatridecan-13-yl)-N1,N1,N3,N3-tetramethylpropane-1,3-diaminiumbromide(14):
白色固体,产率88%.熔点:134.6–136.1℃。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.59–3.39(m,12H),3.21(s,12H),2.47–2.34(m,2H),2.19–2.05(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-55.1–-55.3(m,4F),-58.6–-58.7(m,6F),-84.0(s,6F),-86.5–-86.8(m,4F),-89.8–-90.3(m,4F),-91.6–-91.8(m,4F),-133.9–-134.0(m,2F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd forC27H32Br2F26N4O8[M–H]-:1191.0099;found:1191.0095.IR(film)v/cm-1:3399,3048,2965,2050,1708,1632,1538,1485,1445,1395,1220,1107,1025,956,869,794,767,719.
实施例4
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例1的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物10,溴化物选自1,4-二溴丁烷;
将得到的产物标记为化合物15;
将化合物15进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N1,N4-bis(1,1,1,3,3,5,5,6,6,8-decafluoro-9-oxo-8-(trifluoromethyl)-2,4,7-trioxa-10-azatridecan-13-yl)-N1,N1,N4,N4-tetramethylbutane-1,4-diaminiumbromide(15):
白色固体,产率92%.熔点:143.8–144.5℃.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.61–3.36(m,12H),3.17(s,12H),2.18–2.07(m,4H),1.94(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-55.2–-55.4(m,4F),-58.7(t,J=9Hz,6F),-84.0(s,6F),-86.6(dd,J=146,18Hz,2F),-90.0(dd,J=146,8Hz,2F),-91.5–-91.7(m,4F),-133.9(dd,J=18,8Hz,2F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcdfor C28H34Br2F26N4O8[M–H]-:1205.0255;found:1205.0248.IR(film)v/cm-1:3418,3049,2960,2055,1712,1632,1538,1485,1196,1026,964,870,792,721,636.
实施例5
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例1的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物10,溴化物选自1,5-二溴戊烷;
将得到的产物标记为化合物16;
将化合物16进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N1,N5-bis(1,1,1,3,3,5,5,6,6,8-decafluoro-9-oxo-8-(trifluoromethyl)-2,4,7-trioxa-10-azatridecan-13-yl)-N1,N1,N5,N5-tetramethylpentane-1,5-diaminiumbromide(16):
白色固体,产率89%,熔点:165.7–166.8℃.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.43(m,12H),3.13(s,12H),2.14–2.03(m,4H),1.91–1.87(m,4H),1.49(m,2H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-55.1–-55.3(m,4F),-58.7(t,J=9Hz,6F),-84.0(d,J=1Hz,6F),-86.6(dd,J=146,18Hz,2F),-90.1(dd,J=146,8Hz,2F),-91.5–-91.7(m,4F),-133.9(dd,J=18,8Hz,2F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C29H36Br2F26N4O8[M–H]-:1219.0412;found:1219.0403.IR(film)v/cm-1:3521,3342,3221,3065,2972,2945,2868,1708,1633,1556,1497,1449,1319,1212,1108,1014,977,964,956,906,889,869,719,701,608.
实施例6
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例1的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物10,溴化物选自1,6-二溴己烷;
将得到的产物标记为化合物17;
将化合物17进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N1,N6-bis(1,1,1,3,3,5,5,6,6,8-decafluoro-9-oxo-8-(trifluoromethyl)-2,4,7-trioxa-10-azatridecan-13-yl)-N1,N1,N6,N6-tetramethylhexane-1,6-diaminiumbromide(17):
白色固体,产率95%.熔点:188.6–189.4℃.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.49–3.36(m,12H),3.13(s,12H),2.12–2.02(m,4H),1.89-1.79(m,4H),1.58-1.45(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-55.1–-55.3(m,4F),-58.7(t,J=9Hz,6F),-84.0(s,6F),-86.6(dd,J=146,18Hz,2F),-90.0(dd,J=146,8Hz,2F),-91.5–-91.7(m,4F),-133.9(dd,J=18,8Hz,2F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C30H38Br2F26N4O8[M–Br]+:1155.1452;found:1155.1447.IR(film)v/cm-1:3418,2956,1713,1633,1539,1308,1107,1026,954,869,792.
实施例7
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例1的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物10,溴化物选自2,2'-二溴二乙醚;
将得到的产物标记为化合物18;
将化合物18进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N,N'-(oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(1,1,1,3,3,5,5,6,6,8-decafluoro-N,N-dimethyl-9-oxo-8-(trifluoromethyl)-2,4,7-trioxa-10-azatridecan-13-aminium)bromide(18):
白色固体,产率95%.熔点:169.5–171.8℃.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ4.11–4.00(m,4H),3.79–3.71(m,4H),3.49–3.31(m,8H),3.19(s,12H),2.12–1.98(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-55.1–-55.3(m,4F),-58.7(t,J=9Hz,6F),-83.9(s,6F),-86.8(dd,J=146,19Hz,2F),-89.8(dd,J=146,8Hz,2F),-91.5–-91.7(m,4F),-133.8(m,2F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C28H34Br2F26N4O9[M–H]-:1221.0205;found:1221.0205.IR(film)v/cm-1:1706,1653,1558,1540,1208,1104,956,869,717,637,418.
实施例8
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例1的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物19,溴化物选自1,4-二溴丁烷;
将得到的产物标记为化合物20;
将化合物19进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2,2-difluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)acetamide(19):
白色固体,产率84%。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.20(t,J=7Hz,2H),2.24(t,J=7Hz,2H),2.12(s,6H),1.67–1.57(m,2H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-56.8(t,J=9Hz,3F),-81.7(q,J=9Hz,2F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C8H13F5N2O2[M–H]-:263.0824,Found:263.0825.IR(film)v/cm-1:3312,2830,1716,1548,1465,1348,1239,1161,1059,1038,989,797,668.
N1,N4-bis(3-(2,2-difluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)acetamido)propyl)-N1,N1,N4,N4-tetramethylbutane-1,4-diaminium bromide(20):
将化合物20进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
黄色粘稠液体,产率86%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.58–3.49(m,4H),3.49–3.36(m,8H),3.17(s,12H),2.18–2.05(m,4H),1.94(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-55.6(t,J=9Hz,6F),-80.5(q,J=9Hz,4F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C20H34Br2F10N4O4[M–Br]+:663.1598;found:663.1595.IR(film)v/cm-1:3419,3041,2360,1783,1693,1035,956,794,541.418.
实施例9
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例1的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物22,溴化物选自1,4-二溴丁烷;
将得到的产物标记为化合物23;
将化合物22进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
2-(difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy)-N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2,2-difluoroacetamide(22):
淡黄色液体,产率86%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.14(t,J=7Hz,2H),2.18(t,J=7Hz,2H),2.05(s,6H),1.61–1.51(m,2H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-55.0–-55.2(m,2F),-58.6(t,J=9Hz,3F),-81.5(t,J=10Hz,2F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C9H13F7N2O3[M–H]-:329.0742;found:329.0743.IR(film)v/cm-1:3316,2953,2789,1716,1544,1375,1301,1002,989,862,765,682.
将化合物23进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N1,N4-bis(3-(2-(difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy)-2,2-difluoroacetamido)propyl)-N1,N1,N4,N4-tetramethylbutane-1,4-diaminium bromide(23):
淡黄色粘稠液体,产率82%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.64–3.55(m,4H),3.54–3.46(m,8H),3.24(s,12H),2.25–2.13(m,4H),2.05–1.85(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-54.9–-55.0(m,4F),-58.5(t,J=9Hz,6F),-81.3(t,J=11Hz,4F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcdfor C22H34Br2F14N4O6[M–Br]+:795.1433;found:795.1426.IR(film)v/cm-1:3418,3065,2066,1550,1236,1141,963,896,797,683.
实施例10
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例1的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物25,溴化物选自1,4-二溴丁烷;
将得到的产物标记为化合物26;
将化合物25进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
2-((difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy)difluoromethoxy)-N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2,2-difluoroacetamide(25):
淡黄色液体,产率90%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.19(t,J=7Hz,2H),2.24(t,J=7Hz,2H),2.11(s,6H),1.66–1.58(m,2H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-54.5–-54.7(m,2F),-56.8–-57.0(m,2F),-58.7(t,J=9Hz,3F),-81.6(t,J=11Hz,2F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcdfor C10H13F9N2O4[M–H]-:395.0659;found:395.0659.IR(film)v/cm-1:3690,3319,2790,1716,1544,1375,1235,1073,860,795,764,688.
将化合物26进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N1,N1,N4,N4-tetramethyl-N1,N4-bis(1,1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7-nonafluoro-8-oxo-2,4,6-trioxa-9-azadodecan-12-yl)butane-1,4-diaminium bromide(26):
淡黄色粘稠液体,产率90%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.60–3.51(m,4H),3.51–3.42(m,8H),3.20(s,12H),2.22–2.08(m,4H),1.97(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-54.4–-54.6(m,4F),-56.7–-56.9(m,4F),-58.6(t,J=9Hz,6F),-81.3(t,J=11Hz,4F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C24H34Br2F18N4O8[M–Br]+:927.1267;found:927.1258.IR(film)v/cm-1:3426,3071,2964,2069,1715,1552,1485,1231,1076,985,917,854,792,684.
实施例11
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例10的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物25,溴化物选自1,4-二(溴甲基)苯;
将得到的产物标记为化合物27;
将化合物27进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N,N'-(1,4-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(1,1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7-nonafluoro-N,N-dimethyl-8-oxo-2,4,6-trioxa-9-azadodecan-12-aminium)bromide(27):
白色固体,产率91%。熔点:210.1–212.6℃.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ7.77(s,4H),4.68(s,4H),3.49–3.40(m,8H),3.15(s,12H),2.24–2.15(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-54.4–-54.6(m,4F),-56.7–-56.9(m,4F),-58.6(t,J=9Hz,6F),-81.3(t,J=11Hz,4F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C28H34Br2F18N4O8[M–Br]+:975.1267;found:975.1257.IR(film)v/cm-1:3427,3056,2073,1713,1557,1481,1223,1003,960,834,689,457.
实施例12
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例1的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物28,溴化物选自1,4-二溴丁烷;
将得到的产物标记为化合物29;
将化合物28进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1,1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9-undecafluoro-2,4,6,8-tetraoxadecan-10-amide(28):
淡黄色液体,产率86%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.23(t,J=7Hz,2H),2.29(t,J=7Hz,2H),2.15(s,6H),1.70–1.61(m,2H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-54.5–-54.7(m,2F),-56.3–-56.5(m,2F),-56.9–-57.0(m,2F),-58.7–-58.8(m,3F),-81.6(t,J=11Hz,2F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C11H13F11N2O5[M–H]-:461.0576;found:461.0577.IR(film)v/cm-1:3649,3327,2870,2790,1717,1544,1465,1235,1065,997,944,846,796,689.
将化合物29进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N1,N1,N4,N4-tetramethyl-N1,N4-bis(1,1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9-undecafluoro-10-oxo-2,4,6,8-tetraoxa-11-azatetradecan-14-yl)butane-1,4-diaminium bromide(29):
淡黄色粘稠液体,产率88%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.58–3.49(m,4H),3.49–3.42(m,8H),3.18(s,12H),2.17–2.08(m,4H),1.95–1.85(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-54.4–-54.5(m,4F),-56.2–-56.4(m,4F),-56.8–-56.9(m,4F),-58.7(t,J=9Hz,6F),-81.3(t,J=11Hz,4F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C26H34Br2F22N4O10[M–Br]+:1059.1102;found:1059.1084.IR(film)v/cm-1:2849,1714,1557,1488,1255,1219,1111,1064,931,781.
实施例13
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例12的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物28,溴化物选自1,4-二(溴甲基)苯;
将得到的产物标记为化合物30;
将化合物30进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N,N'-(1,4-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(1,1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9-undecafluoro-N,N-dimethyl-10-oxo-2,4,6,8-tetraoxa-11-azatetradecan-14-aminium)bromide(30):
白色固体,产率92%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ7.77(s,4H),4.68(s,4H),3.49–3.39(m,8H),3.15(s,12H),2.25–2.15(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-54.4–-54.5(m,4F),-56.2–-56.4(m,4F),-56.8–-56.9(m,4F),-58.6(t,J=9Hz,6F),-81.3(t,J=11Hz,4F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C30H34Br2F22N4O10[M–H]-:1185.0218,found:1185.0222.IR(film)v/cm-1:3486,3069,2361,1702,1633,1566,1454,1231,1064,997,940,834,641,458.
实施例14
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例1的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物31,溴化物选自1,4-二溴丁烷;
将得到的产物标记为化合物32;
将化合物31进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12,12-tridecafluoro-3,5,7,9,11-pentaoxadodecanamide(31):
淡黄色液体,产率89%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.16(t,J=7Hz,2H),2.23(t,J=7Hz,2H),2.09(s,6H),1.64–1.53(m,2H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-54.6–-54.7(m,2F),-56.4–-56.6(m,4F),-57.0–-57.2(m,2F),-58.9(t,J=9Hz,3F),-81.6(t,J=11Hz,2F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C12H13F13N2O6[M+H]+:529.0639;found:529.0641.IR(film)v/cm-1:3317,2955,2870,2791,1717,1465,1054,1004,862,796,765,687.
N1,N1,N4,N4-tetramethyl-N1,N4-bis(1,1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11-tridecafluoro-12-oxo-2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxa-13-azahexadecan-16-yl)butane-1,4-diaminium bromide(32):
淡黄色粘稠液体,产率88%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.59–3.51(m,4H),3.46(m,8H),3.20(s,12H),2.93(s,2H),2.19–2.11(m,4H),2.03–1.87(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-54.4–-54.6(m,4F),-56.2–-56.5(m,8F),-56.8–-57.0(m,4F),-58.7(t,J=9Hz,6F),-81.3(t,J=11Hz,4F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C28H34Br2F26N4O12[M–Br]+:1191.0936;found:1191.0924.IR(film)v/cm-1:3418,3076,2958,1714,1633,1487,1227,1054,1003,958,683.
实施例15
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例14的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物31,溴化物选自1,4-二(溴甲基)苯;
将得到的产物标记为化合物33;
将化合物33进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N,N'-(1,4-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(1,1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11-tridecafluoro-N,N-dimethyl-12-oxo-2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxa-13-azahexadecan-16-aminium)bromide(33):
白色固体,产率93%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ7.78(s,4H),4.70(s,4H),3.50–3.42(m,8H),3.17(s,12H),2.28–2.18(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD):δ-54.4–-54.6(m,4F),-56.2–-56.4(m,8F),-56.8–-57.0(m,4F),-58.7(t,J=9Hz,6F),-81.3(t,J=11Hz,4F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C32H34Br2F26N4O12[M–H]-:1317.0052;found:1317.0056.IR(film)v/cm-1:3418,3073,1713,1636,1550,1484,1224,1053,687.
实施例16
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例1的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物34,溴化物选自1,4-二溴丁烷;
将得到的产物标记为化合物35;
将化合物35进行核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振氟谱和红外吸收光谱测试,得到的测试结果如下所示:
N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(perfluoropropoxy)propanamide(34):
黄色液体,产率92%.1H NMR(400MHz,(CD3)2CO)δ9.48(s,1H),3.51–3.40(m,2H),2.41(t,J=6Hz,2H),2.20(s,6H),1.74(m,2H).19F NMR(376MHz,(CD3)2CO)δ-81.6(ddq,J=149,19,7Hz,1F),-82.2(t,J=7Hz,3F),-83.4(d,J=2Hz,3F),-85.6(dm,J=149Hz,1F),-130.6(s,2F),-133.2(dd,J=20,7Hz,1F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C11H13F11N2O2[M–H]-:413.0729,found:413.0730.IR(film)v/cm-1:3341,2955,2831,1716,1533,1470,1343,1232,1163,991,809,720,629,535,456.
N1,N1,N4,N4-tetramethyl-N1,N4-bis(3-(2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(perfluoropropoxy)propanamido)propyl)butane-1,4-diaminium bromide(35):
白色固体,产率88%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.57–3.41(m,12H),3.17(s,12H),2.18–2.08(m,4H),1.95-1.90(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,(CD3)2CO):-81.7(ddq,J=149,19,7Hz,2F),,-82.9(t,J=7Hz,6F),-83.9(s,6F),-86.1(dm,J=150Hz,2F),-131.1(s,4F),-134.0(dd,J=19,7Hz,2F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C26H34Br2F22N4O4[M–H]-:1041.0523;found:1041.0509.IR(film)v/cm-1:3419,3049,1711,1541,1342,1396,1165,1072,990,906,809,748,629,540.
实施例17
本实施例用于说明本发明公开的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂及其制备方法,包括实施例16的大部分的操作步骤,其不同之处在于:
化合物C选自化合物36,溴化物选自1,4-二溴丁烷;
将得到的产物标记为化合物37;
N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethoxy)propanamide(36):
淡黄色液体,产率90%.1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.32–3.23(m,2H),2.32–2.23(m,2H),2.15(s,6H),1.70–1.61(m,2H).19F NMR(376MHz,CD3OD)δ-57.1(t,J=9Hz,3F),-84.2(d,J=2Hz,3F),-86.6(dd,J=147,18Hz,1F),-90.3(dd,J=147,8Hz,1F),-91.9–-92.1(m,4F),-134.1(dd,J=18,8Hz,1F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd for C11H13F11N2O3[M+H]+:431.0823,found:431.0825.IR(film)v/cm-1:3346,2654,1978.17,1711,1537,1469,1222,1075,1041,988,902,794,764,717,683,529.
N1,N1,N4,N4-tetramethyl-N1,N4-bis(3-(2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethoxy)propanamido)propyl)butane-1,4-diaminiumbromide(37):
白色固体,产率91%。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.55(m,4H),3.52–3.41(m,8H),3.20(s,12H),2.21–2.09(m,4H),2.02–1.90(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,(CD3)2CO):δ-56.9(t,J=9Hz,6F),-83.8(s,6F),-86.2(dd,J=147,18Hz,2F),-90.0(dd,J=147,8Hz,2F),-91.6–-91.8(m,4F),-133.9(dd,J=18,8Hz,2F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):calcd forC26H34Br2F22N4O6[M–Br]+:995.1305;found:995.1293.IR(film)v/cm-1:3418,3042,2963,2057,1713,1538,1485,1224,1068,985,903,795,720,616.
性能测试
选取上述实施例制备得到的化合物11、化合物12、化合物14、化合物15、化合物16、化合物17、化合物18、化合物20、化合物23、化合物26、化合物27、化合物29、化合物30、化合物32、化合物33、化合物35、化合物37进行如下测试:
使用Dataphysics型号DCAT 21表面张力仪测定表面张力,测试方法为铂金板法。基本原理:测试时将铂金板轻轻地浸入到待测溶液中,由于液体表面张力的作用会将铂金板向下拉,当液体表面张力及其他相关力与仪器测试的反向力达到均衡时,铂金板会停止向液体内部浸入,此时仪器的平衡感应器就会测量浸入深度,并将它转化为液体的表面张力值。铂金板法的特点是设备简单、操作方便、直观可靠。将待测双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂溶于纯水中,超声促进溶解,配制成不同浓度的水溶液,在25℃下进行测量,表面张力均测量3次取平均值。
得到的测试结果填入表1。
表1
将化合物14、化合物18、化合物27、化合物29、化合物30、化合物32、化合物33的最低表面张力与已知文献公开的双子型表面活性剂的最低表面张力进行对比,数据填入表2。
表2
从表1的测试结果和表2的数据对比可以看出,本发明提供的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂具有较好的表面张力,能够替代现有的各类碳氟表面活性剂使用。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂,其特征在于,包括以下结构:
其中,R1和R3选自CF3(OCF2)5-;R2选自R4和R5各自独立地选自碳原子数2~5的直链或支链的烃基;R6和R7各自独立地选自NR8,R8选自H或碳原子数1~3的烃基,X选自卤素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂,其特征在于,R4和R5选自-CH2CH2CH2-。
3.根据权利要求1所述的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂,其特征在于,R8选自H或甲基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂,其特征在于,所述双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂选自以下结构:
。
5.如权利要求1所述的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下操作步骤:
获取如结构式2、结构式3和结构式4所示的化合物,将结构式2所示的化合物、结构式3所示的化合物和结构式4所示的化合物混合于溶剂中,升温至溶剂回流,反应后去除溶剂,得到结构式1所示的化合物;
6.根据权利要求5所示的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂的制备方法,其特征在于,结构式2所示的化合物和结构式3所示的化合物的物质的量总和是结构式4所示的化合物的物质的量的1.5~3倍。
7.根据权利要求5所示的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂的制备方法,其特征在于,反应温度为70~90℃,反应时间为8~16h。
8.根据权利要求5所示的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂包括乙腈、乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、DMF、DMSO和甲醇中的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求5所示的双子型全氟醚类表面活性剂的制备方法,其特征在于,反应去除溶剂后对产物进行重结晶或洗涤,得到结构式1所示的化合物。
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