CN111210665A - Satellite-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method based on single antenna - Google Patents
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- H04L27/2689—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-antenna-based satellite-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method, which comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out anti-interference demodulation on a strong signal in a received time slot collision signal to obtain a demodulation result of the strong signal; then, the demodulation result of the strong signal is utilized to accurately estimate the frequency, phase, amplitude and other information of the strong signal; reconstructing a strong signal according to the frequency, phase, amplitude and other information of the strong signal, and separating the strong signal from the time slot collision signal; finally, the same operation is repeated for the residual signal until no signal can be detected in the residual signal. The invention has strong anti-interference capability, can adapt to larger Doppler frequency offset and burst delay, can separate at least 2 AIS time slot collision signals, and is particularly suitable for the application of a small satellite platform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerospace information, and particularly relates to a single-antenna-based satellite-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method.
Background
An Automatic Identification System (AIS) for ships is a maritime traffic control system which is widely popularized by international maritime organization in recent years, and is used for realizing traffic management communication between ships and avoiding the occurrence of ship collision accidents. Relevant data such as ship static information (ship name, destination port and the like), dynamic information (ship position, ship speed, course and the like), voyage information, safety short messages and the like can be obtained through the AIS signal, and further the distribution condition of civil ships on the sea surface and the sea area traffic dynamic information can be mastered. However, AIS signals are limited by sight on the ground, and cannot be received in a large range and a long distance on the ground. The satellite coverage area is wide, large-range and long-distance AIS signal receiving can be achieved, and maritime activities in the global range can be monitored, so that the development of the space-based AIS monitoring processing technology has important practical value.
The situation of space-based AIS receiving, AIS inter-ship communication and ship-shore communication is greatly different, time slot collision can be caused when AIS signals of different cells reach a satellite receiver due to the fact that the satellite coverage area is large, and the problem of time slot collision is always a focus of attention in the field of modern communication technology. Early research methods mostly implement interference suppression and signal separation based on array processing. The performance of the array-based processing method depends on the spatial resolution of the system to a great extent, the practical satellite application environment is considered, due to the limitation of the volume and the weight of a satellite platform, a plurality of array elements cannot be assembled, the array scale and the aperture are small, the spatial resolution is relatively low, and the signal processing effect is poor.
With the development of technology, the processing method based on single antenna has been receiving more and more attention in recent years, because some application occasions may not have the condition of array reception, and therefore, the analysis processing must be performed based on single antenna reception. Compared with an array system, single-antenna receiving has certain advantages in terms of hardware scale and system cost, but due to low-dimensional observation and lack of spatial domain information, the processing difficulty is higher, and the array system is more challenging.
Therefore, an effective solution for single antenna based on the separation of the AIS timeslot collision signals on board the satellite must be sought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a single-antenna-based satellite-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method, which aims at the time slot collision problem of satellite receiving AIS signals, realizes the acquisition and real-time update of information such as ship positions and identities in the global range, and provides data services for maritime traffic supervision, search and rescue, international financial trade information, resource environment protection, military exercises and the like.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a single-antenna-based satellite-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method is based on anti-interference demodulation and has the core idea that a signal reconstruction and cancellation method is adopted to realize time slot collision signal separation and demodulation. Firstly, carrying out anti-interference demodulation on a strong signal in a received time slot collision signal to obtain a demodulation result of the strong signal; then, the demodulation result of the strong signal is utilized to accurately estimate the frequency, phase, amplitude and other information of the strong signal; reconstructing a strong signal according to the frequency, phase, amplitude and other information of the strong signal, and separating the strong signal from the time slot collision signal; finally, the same operation is repeated for the residual signal until no signal can be detected in the residual signal, which is as follows:
and 5, repeating the same operation on the residual signal until the signal cannot be detected in the residual signal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: the multi-channel parallel processing method is adopted, the anti-interference capability is stronger, the method can adapt to larger Doppler frequency offset and burst time delay, and the capability of processing time slot collision signals by a single antenna is further improved by adopting a signal reconstruction and cancellation method; compared with an array processing method, the method greatly reduces the engineering implementation difficulty, and is particularly suitable for small satellite platforms. Theoretical analysis and experiments show that at least 2 AIS time slot collision signals can be separated by the method provided by the invention, and the method has a good application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a single-antenna-based space-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a subband filter partition according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the anti-interference demodulation process of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the principle of GMSK signal demodulation according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of the performance of slot collision signal separation demodulation according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a diagram of strong signal performance and (b) is a diagram of weak signal performance.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
With reference to fig. 1, a single-antenna-based satellite-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method includes the following steps:
and 5, repeating the same operation on the residual signal until the signal cannot be detected in the residual signal.
With reference to fig. 2, in step 1, the parameters of the five filters are:
the first filter: the center frequency is-4 kHz, and the bandwidth is 9.6 kHz;
the second filter: the center frequency is-2 kHz, and the bandwidth is 9.6 kHz;
a third filter: the center frequency is 0kHz, and the bandwidth is 9.6 kHz;
a fourth filter: the center frequency is 2kHz, and the bandwidth is 9.6 kHz;
a fifth filter: the center frequency is 4kHz and the bandwidth is 9.6 kHz.
The method has the advantages that the Doppler effect of the satellite for receiving the AIS signals is considered, the AIS time slot collision signals received by the antenna are respectively input into five different filters for filtering, and the AIS time slot collision signals with Doppler frequency offset enter different channels as far as possible for anti-interference demodulation.
With reference to fig. 3, in step 2, the method respectively inputs the filtered strong signals in each satellite-borne AIS timeslot collision signal into five channels for anti-interference demodulation, synthesizes demodulation results of the strong signals of the five channels, and determines a final demodulation result of the strong signal, and specifically includes the following steps:
step 2-1, carrying out burst detection, namely cross-correlation processing, on the local known training sequence and the filtered time slot collision signal, judging whether an AIS time slot collision signal arrives according to the result of the cross-correlation processing, and if the AIS time slot collision signal arrives, namely a strong signal arrives, executing step 2-2; otherwise, the system is in a waiting state;
step 2-2, performing frequency offset estimation on the burst detected strong signal, namely performing square processing, performing FFT processing on the squared signal, determining the frequency offset of the strong signal according to the operation result of the FFT, and turning to step 2-3;
step 2-3, performing down-conversion processing on the strong signal according to the frequency offset, sending a processing result to a symbol timing module for symbol timing, and turning to step 2-4;
step 2-4, the GMSK signal demodulation module demodulates the strong signal after symbol timing in real time by adopting a multi-bit joint differential demodulation method, and the step 2-5 is carried out;
step 2-5, searching a starting mark and an ending mark of the strong signal in the real-time demodulation result, if the starting mark and the ending mark are found, performing CRC (cyclic redundancy check) on the strong signal, and turning to step 2-6; if not, returning to the step 2-1;
and 2-6, if the CRC is correct, judging that the demodulation result is completely correct, turning to the step 3, and if the CRC is wrong, discarding the result and returning to the step 2-1.
In the step 2-1, when judging whether an AIS time slot collision signal arrives, specifically, judging whether a peak value appears in a result of the cross-correlation processing, and if so, judging that the AIS signal arrives.
In step 2-3, the formula for symbol timing is as follows:
in the formula:
as a result of symbol timing, TbIs the duration of one symbol, N is the number of points sampled by one symbol, k]Is an intermediate variable, e is a natural constant, j represents an imaginary number, L0Is the length of the associated symbol, xkAnd (n) is the data after down-conversion.
With reference to fig. 4, in step 2-4, the principle that the GMSK signal demodulation module performs real-time demodulation on the signal after symbol timing by using a multi-bit joint differential demodulation method is as follows: on the basis of the traditional 1-bit differential demodulation and 2-bit differential demodulation, the method is expanded to 6-bit differential demodulation, different bit differential demodulation is multiplied by weight and accumulated, and then judgment and output are carried out to obtain a demodulation result; the weights are respectively:
c1＝0.0633 c2＝0.4219 c3＝0.1983c4＝0.1266 c5＝0.1055 c6＝0.0844。
in step 3, the demodulation result of the strong signal is used to accurately estimate the frequency, phase and amplitude information of the strong signal, which is specifically as follows:
step 3-1, performing Laurent expansion preprocessing on the demodulation result of the strong signal to obtain a preprocessing result, wherein the preprocessing formula is as follows:
in the formula: a isnFor the pre-processing result, j represents an imaginary number, n is the strong signal demodulation information bit length, αiInformation bits demodulated for strong signals;
step 3-2, conjugate multiplication is carried out on the preprocessing result obtained in the step 3-1 and the strong signal before demodulation to obtain a conjugate multiplication result;
3-3, solving an absolute value of the conjugate multiplication result, and then averaging the obtained absolute value to obtain an amplitude accurate estimation value of the strong signal; meanwhile, FFT processing is carried out on the conjugate multiplication result, and a frequency accurate estimation value of the strong signal is obtained according to the operation result of the FFT processing;
and 3-4, according to the frequency accurate estimation value of the strong signal, firstly carrying out frequency compensation on the conjugate multiplication result, and then solving the phase of the frequency compensation result to obtain the phase accurate estimation value of the strong signal.
In step 4, the strong signal is reconstructed according to the frequency, phase and amplitude information of the strong signal, and is separated from the time slot collision signal, which is as follows:
step 4-1, remodulating the AIS signal GMSK of the sea surface ship according to the final demodulation result of the strong signal in the step 2, and feeding back the remodulation result of the GMSK to a buffer area for receiving the signal by a receiving antenna;
and 4-2, subtracting the GMSK remodulated signal in the step 4-1 from the original signal in a buffer area of the receiving antenna receiving signal to obtain a weak signal in the collision signal, thereby realizing time slot collision separation of the collision strong and weak signals.
In step 4-1, the sea surface vessel AIS signal GMSK is remodulated as follows: and (3) extracting accurate amplitude, frequency and phase information of the AIS signal according to the final demodulation result of the strong signal in the step (2), and then performing GMSK modulation with the coefficient BT equal to 0.4.
Example 1 is as follows:
the satellite receiving AIS signal must face special problems of time slot collision, Doppler effect and the like, and the signal-to-interference ratio SIR of the satellite receiving AIS time slot collision signal is defined as the power ratio of the strongest signal to the second strongest signal, and the signal-to-noise ratio Eb/N0Is the ratio of the strongest signal to the noise power.
Assuming that the receiving antenna receives 2 AIS time slot collision signals, the sampling rate of the received AIS time slot collision signals is 76.8kHz (8 times the information rate of the AIS signals), and the signal-to-noise ratio Eb/N015dB, the frequency offset of the strong and weak 2 signals is random, and the phase is random.
Considering the Doppler effect of the satellite receiving the AIS signals, firstly, AIS time slot collision signals received by an antenna are respectively input into five different filters for filtering, the central frequencies of the filters are respectively-4 kHz, -2kHz, 0kHz, +2kHz and 4kHz, the bandwidths are all 9.6kHz, and the effect of the device is to enable the signals with Doppler frequency offset to enter different channels as far as possible for anti-interference demodulation.
And then, inputting the filtered AIS time slot collision signals into five channels respectively for anti-interference demodulation, wherein the anti-interference demodulation processing process of each channel is the same. The anti-interference demodulation sequentially realizes the functions of burst detection, frequency offset estimation, symbol timing, GMSK signal demodulation, initial mark searching, end mark searching, CRC (cyclic redundancy check) checking and the like. The GMSK signal demodulation module adopts a multi-bit combined differential demodulation method, the method is expanded to 6-bit differential demodulation on the basis of 1-bit differential demodulation and 2-bit differential demodulation, different bit differential demodulation is multiplied by weights and then accumulated and then judged and output to obtain demodulation results, the demodulation results of five-channel strong signals are synthesized to determine the final demodulation result of the strong signal, the final demodulation result of the strong signal is utilized to accurately estimate the frequency, phase and amplitude information of the strong signal, the strong signal is reconstructed according to the frequency, phase and amplitude information of the strong signal, after the strong signal is reconstructed, the original signal is subtracted and subtracted to obtain the residual weak signal and noise, so that the separation of time slot collision signals is realized, the same operation is repeated on the residual signal until the residual signal cannot be detected.
Fig. 5 shows the performance of the 2 AIS slot collision signal after separation demodulation under different signal-to-interference ratios. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the demodulation performance of the strong signal is continuously improved with the increase of SIR of the strong and weak signals, and when the SIR is more than or equal to 5dB, the error rate of the strong signal is better than 10-2(ii) a The demodulation performance of the weak signal is reduced with the increase of the SIR of the strong signal and the weak signal, because the power of the weak signal is continuously reduced and the signal-to-noise ratio is continuously deteriorated with the increase of the SIR of the strong signal and the weak signal, which results in the increasingly poor demodulation performance.
In conclusion, the invention can realize the separation and demodulation of satellite-borne AIS time slot collision signals, has strong anti-interference capability, can adapt to larger Doppler frequency offset, greatly reduces the difficulty of engineering realization compared with other processing methods such as an array and the like, and is particularly suitable for the application of a small satellite platform. Theoretical analysis and experiments show that at least 2 AIS time slot collision signals can be separated by adopting the method provided by the invention, and the method has a good application prospect.
Claims (9)
1. A single-antenna-based satellite-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, respectively inputting satellite borne AIS time slot collision signals received by an antenna into five different filters for filtering to obtain filtered satellite borne AIS time slot collision signals, and turning to step 2;
step 2, inputting the strong signals in each filtered satellite-borne AIS time slot collision signal into five channels respectively for anti-interference demodulation, synthesizing demodulation results of the strong signals of the five channels, determining a final demodulation result of the strong signals, and turning to step 3;
step 3, accurately estimating the frequency, phase and amplitude information of the strong signal by using the final demodulation result of the strong signal, and turning to step 4;
step 4, reconstructing a strong signal according to the frequency, phase and amplitude information of the strong signal, separating the strong signal from the time slot collision signal, and turning to step 5;
and 5, repeating the same operation on the residual signal until the signal cannot be detected in the residual signal.
2. The single-antenna-based space-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, five filters and parameters are respectively:
the first filter: the center frequency is-4 kHz, and the bandwidth is 9.6 kHz;
the second filter: the center frequency is-2 kHz, and the bandwidth is 9.6 kHz;
a third filter: the center frequency is 0kHz, and the bandwidth is 9.6 kHz;
a fourth filter: the center frequency is 2kHz, and the bandwidth is 9.6 kHz;
a fifth filter: the center frequency is 4kHz and the bandwidth is 9.6 kHz.
3. The single-antenna-based satellite-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the filtered strong signals in each satellite-borne AIS time slot collision signal are respectively input into five channels for anti-interference demodulation, the demodulation results of the strong signals of the five channels are integrated, and the final demodulation result of the strong signals is determined, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2-1, carrying out burst detection, namely cross-correlation processing, on the local known training sequence and the filtered time slot collision signal, judging whether an AIS time slot collision signal arrives according to the result of the cross-correlation processing, and if the AIS time slot collision signal arrives, namely a strong signal arrives, executing step 2-2; otherwise, the system is in a waiting state;
step 2-2, performing frequency offset estimation on the burst detected strong signal, namely performing square processing, performing FFT processing on the squared signal, determining the frequency offset of the strong signal according to the operation result of the FFT, and turning to step 2-3;
step 2-3, performing down-conversion processing on the strong signal according to the frequency offset, sending a processing result to a symbol timing module for symbol timing, and turning to step 2-4;
step 2-4, the GMSK signal demodulation module demodulates the strong signal after symbol timing in real time by adopting a multi-bit joint differential demodulation method, and the step 2-5 is carried out;
step 2-5, searching a starting mark and an ending mark of the strong signal in the real-time demodulation result, if the starting mark and the ending mark are found, performing CRC (cyclic redundancy check) on the strong signal, and turning to step 2-6; if not, returning to the step 2-1;
and 2-6, if the CRC is correct, judging that the demodulation result is completely correct, turning to the step 3, and if the CRC is wrong, discarding the result and returning to the step 2-1.
4. The single-antenna-based space-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, in step 2-1, when judging whether an AIS time slot collision signal arrives, specifically, whether a peak value appears in the result of the cross-correlation processing is judged, and if so, the AIS signal arrives.
5. The single-antenna-based space borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method according to claim 3, wherein in step 2-3, the symbol timing is performed by the following formula:
in the formula:
as a result of symbol timing, TbIs the duration of one symbol, N is the number of points sampled by one symbol, k]Is an intermediate variable, e is a natural constant, j represents an imaginary number, L0Is the length of the associated symbol, xkAnd (n) is the data after down-conversion.
6. The single-antenna-based space-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method according to claim 3, wherein in step 2-4, the principle that the GMSK signal demodulation module demodulates the signal after symbol timing in real time by using a multi-bit joint differential demodulation method is as follows: on the basis of 1bit differential demodulation and 2bit differential demodulation, expanding to 6bit differential demodulation, multiplying different bit differential demodulation by weight, accumulating the weights, judging and outputting to obtain a demodulation result; the weights are respectively:
c1＝0.0633 c2＝0.4219 c3＝0.1983 c4＝0.1266 c5＝0.1055 c6＝0.0844。
7. the single-antenna-based space-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the demodulation result of the strong signal is used to accurately estimate the frequency, phase and amplitude information of the strong signal, specifically as follows:
step 3-1, performing Laurent expansion preprocessing on the demodulation result of the strong signal to obtain a preprocessing result, wherein the preprocessing formula is as follows:
in the formula: a isnFor the pre-processing result, j represents an imaginary number, n is the strong signal demodulation information bit length, αiInformation bits demodulated for strong signals;
step 3-2, conjugate multiplication is carried out on the preprocessing result obtained in the step 3-1 and the strong signal before demodulation to obtain a conjugate multiplication result;
3-3, solving an absolute value of the conjugate multiplication result, and then averaging the obtained absolute value to obtain an amplitude accurate estimation value of the strong signal; meanwhile, FFT processing is carried out on the conjugate multiplication result, and a frequency accurate estimation value of the strong signal is obtained according to the operation result of the FFT processing;
and 3-4, according to the frequency accurate estimation value of the strong signal, firstly carrying out frequency compensation on the conjugate multiplication result, and then solving the phase of the frequency compensation result to obtain the phase accurate estimation value of the strong signal.
8. The single-antenna-based space-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the strong signal is reconstructed according to the frequency, phase and amplitude information of the strong signal, and is separated from the time slot collision signal, specifically as follows:
step 4-1, remodulating the AIS signal GMSK of the sea surface ship according to the final demodulation result of the strong signal in the step 2, and feeding back the remodulation result of the GMSK to a buffer area for receiving the signal by a receiving antenna;
and 4-2, subtracting the GMSK remodulated signal in the step 4-1 from the original signal in a buffer area of the receiving antenna receiving signal to obtain a weak signal in the collision signal, thereby realizing time slot collision separation of the collision strong and weak signals.
9. The method for separating the satellite-borne AIS time slot collision signal based on the single antenna according to claim 8, wherein in step 4-1, the sea surface vessel AIS signal GMSK remodulation process is as follows: and (3) extracting accurate amplitude, frequency and phase information of the AIS signal according to the final demodulation result of the strong signal in the step (2), and then performing GMSK modulation with the coefficient BT equal to 0.4.
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| 董诗韬: "同信道干扰下AIS信号非相干解调技术研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技Ⅱ辑》 * |
| 蔡云: "AIS信号接收解调算法研究与实现", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技Ⅱ辑》 * |
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| CN112235223B (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2022-03-25 | 北京邮电大学 | Anti-interference communication method and electronic equipment |
| CN112822134A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-18 | 上海航天电子有限公司 | Signal detection and frequency offset estimation algorithm based on satellite-borne AIS system |
| CN112822134B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-15 | 上海航天电子有限公司 | Signal detection and frequency offset estimation algorithm based on satellite-borne AIS system |
| CN113258984A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-13 | 东方红卫星移动通信有限公司 | Multi-user self-adaptive frequency offset elimination method and device and low-orbit satellite communication system |
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