CN111202231B - 用于制备酱牛肉的营养骨汤、酱牛肉及其制备方法 - Google Patents
用于制备酱牛肉的营养骨汤、酱牛肉及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111202231B CN111202231B CN201911398882.0A CN201911398882A CN111202231B CN 111202231 B CN111202231 B CN 111202231B CN 201911398882 A CN201911398882 A CN 201911398882A CN 111202231 B CN111202231 B CN 111202231B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- beef
- preparation
- bone
- pickling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000195620 Euglena Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000011632 Caseins Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 108090000526 Papain Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940055729 papain Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019834 papain Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 108091005508 Acid proteases Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000004160 Capsicum annuum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000006927 Foeniculum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000004204 Foeniculum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000270834 Myristica fragrans Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009421 Myristica fragrans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000191973 Staphylococcus xylosus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000223014 Syzygium aromaticum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000016639 Syzygium aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001702 nutmeg Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940080237 sodium caseinate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940083466 soybean lecithin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000008534 Capsicum annuum var annuum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000223760 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000675108 Citrus tangerina Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000006200 Glycyrrhiza glabra Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001511 capsicum annuum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010007119 flavourzyme Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 gymnocyanine Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PHZLMBHDXVLRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium lactate Chemical compound [K+].CC(O)C([O-])=O PHZLMBHDXVLRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001521 potassium lactate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011085 potassium lactate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001304 potassium lactate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002568 Capsicum frutescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001453 Glycyrrhiza echinata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017382 Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940010454 licorice Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000061520 Angelica archangelica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000213006 Angelica dahurica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001287 Guettarda speciosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004760 Pimpinella anisum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012550 Pimpinella anisum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000111489 Gardenia augusta Species 0.000 claims 2
- 244000303040 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species 0.000 claims 2
- 235000007265 Myrrhis odorata Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- MKRNVBXERAPZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Starch acetate Chemical compound O1C(CO)C(OC)C(O)C(O)C1OCC1C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O2)OC(C)=O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(C)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 MKRNVBXERAPZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N glycyrrhizinic acid Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1C([C@H]2[C@]([C@@H]3[C@@]([C@@]4(CC[C@@]5(C)CC[C@@](C)(C[C@H]5C4=CC3=O)C(O)=O)C)(C)CC2)(C)CC1)(C)C)C(O)=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011477 liquorice Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 13
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 13
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 11
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000015090 marinades Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013555 soy sauce Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000228347 Monascus <ascomycete fungus> Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 244000273928 Zingiber officinale Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000006886 Zingiber officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021552 granulated sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010352 sodium erythorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004320 sodium erythorbate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008347 soybean phospholipid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000001972 Gardenia jasminoides Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000004670 Glycyrrhiza echinata Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005135 Micromeria juliana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 108010038807 Oligopeptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000015636 Oligopeptides Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000003889 Piper guineense Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000002114 Satureja hortensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007315 Satureja hortensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000001465 calcium Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- RBWSWDPRDBEWCR-RKJRWTFHSA-N sodium;(2r)-2-[(2r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxo-2h-furan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethanolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O RBWSWDPRDBEWCR-RKJRWTFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N trans-lutein Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-JLGXGRJMSA-N (3R,3'R)-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-JLGXGRJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001346334 Amomum tsao-ko Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002498 Beta-glucan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002567 Chondroitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000037364 Cinnamomum aromaticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014489 Cinnamomum aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010022452 Collagen Type I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005569 Gout Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N Hydroxyproline Chemical compound O[C@H]1CN[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006670 Multiple fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002984 Paramylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000027089 Parkinsonian disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010034010 Parkinsonism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-LQFQNGICSA-N Z-zeaxanthin Natural products C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-LQFQNGICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOPRSMDTRDMBNK-RNUUUQFGSA-N Zeaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCC(O)C1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C QOPRSMDTRDMBNK-RNUUUQFGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-LOFNIBRQSA-N all-trans-Zeaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-LOFNIBRQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002155 anti-virotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008468 bone growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940106705 chlorophyll Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DLGJWSVWTWEWBJ-HGGSSLSASA-N chondroitin Chemical compound CC(O)=N[C@@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 DLGJWSVWTWEWBJ-HGGSSLSASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940079919 digestives enzyme preparation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-hydroxyproline Natural products OC1C[NH2+]C(C([O-])=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002591 hydroxyproline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000012680 lutein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005375 lutein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KBPHJBAIARWVSC-RGZFRNHPSA-N lutein Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@H]1C(C)=C[C@H](O)CC1(C)C KBPHJBAIARWVSC-RGZFRNHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001656 lutein Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORAKUVXRZWMARG-WZLJTJAWSA-N lutein Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C ORAKUVXRZWMARG-WZLJTJAWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013622 meat product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000963 osteoblast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020995 raw meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010050014 systemin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HOWHQWFXSLOJEF-MGZLOUMQSA-N systemin Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H]1N(C(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)N)C(C)C)CCC1 HOWHQWFXSLOJEF-MGZLOUMQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-L-hydroxy-proline Natural products ON1CCCC1C(O)=O FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N xanthophyll Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C=C(C)C(O)CC2(C)C FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010930 zeaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001775 zeaxanthin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043269 zeaxanthin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L23/00—Soups; Sauces; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
- A23L13/42—Additives other than enzymes or microorganisms in meat products or meat meals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
- A23L13/42—Additives other than enzymes or microorganisms in meat products or meat meals
- A23L13/428—Addition of flavours, spices, colours, amino acids or their salts, peptides, vitamins, yeast extract or autolysate, nucleic acid or derivatives, organic acidifying agents or their salts or acidogens, sweeteners, e.g. sugars or sugar alcohols; Addition of alcohol-containing products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
- A23L13/42—Additives other than enzymes or microorganisms in meat products or meat meals
- A23L13/432—Addition of inorganic compounds, e.g. minerals; oligo-elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/70—Tenderised or flavoured meat pieces; Macerating or marinating solutions specially adapted therefor
- A23L13/72—Tenderised or flavoured meat pieces; Macerating or marinating solutions specially adapted therefor using additives, e.g. by injection of solutions
- A23L13/74—Tenderised or flavoured meat pieces; Macerating or marinating solutions specially adapted therefor using additives, e.g. by injection of solutions using microorganisms or enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/10—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing emulsifiers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/169—Plantarum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于制备酱牛肉的营养骨汤,所述营养骨汤的原料包括骨泥、香辛料、乳化剂和水。本发明还提供一种酱牛肉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将牛肉分割后备用;(2)将所述的营养骨汤、酶制剂和发酵剂混合均匀,得到腌制液;(3)通过注射机将步骤(2)所述腌制液注入步骤(1)所述牛肉中;(4)将注射好的牛肉放入滚揉机中进行滚揉腌制;(5)将滚揉腌制后的牛肉进行发酵和酶解,即得所述酱牛肉。本发明所述酱牛肉的制备方法,添加特制的营养骨汤,利用发酵剂发酵和复合酶解技术改善牛肉的质构,降解蛋白生成小肽和氨基酸,避免老卤反复卤煮工艺及卤制时间长的弊端,缩短热加工时间,提升终产品营养品质和质构特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工领域,具体涉及一种用于制备酱牛肉的营养骨汤、酱牛肉及其制备方法。
背景技术
酱牛肉是我国传统肉制品的典型代表,因其色泽美观、香气浓郁、口感适中,营养丰富,成品可直接食用,备受人们青睐。酱牛肉的工业化生产已然成为行业发展的必然趋势。但传统酱牛肉生产加工中存在一些问题,一方面重复使用老汤,虽然风味浓郁,但老汤经过反复使用,导致产品品质不稳定,有害物质富集,易滋生腐败菌,存在安全隐患,且为了长时间保存老汤,食盐的添加量达到8%以上,造成终产品食盐含量过高。另一方面酱牛肉在2-4小时的煮制工艺中,大量热敏性物质损失,挥发性风味物质大量挥发及水溶性营养物质溶解于卤汤中,而导致最终产品营养品质和食用品质降低。
骨汤具有营养丰富、滋味鲜美等特点。牛骨占躯体总生物量1/3,富含胶原蛋白、软骨素、维生素以及钙、磷、镁、锌等骨生长必需的营养素,其中胶原蛋白占总蛋白质量的35%~40%。研究表明,动物骨中的蛋白质具有很高的营养价值,骨胶原蛋白肽能改善人体皮肤肤质,促进大鼠股骨的骨折愈合和人成骨细胞I型胶原蛋白基因的表达。
微生物能够代谢碳水化合物不仅生成有机酸,抑制有害微生物的滋生,还会导致低分子量风味化合物的释放。发酵过程中,还会释放蛋白酶和脂肪酶,降解蛋白质、脂肪产生大量多肽、氨基酸、脂肪酸等营养物质,既增加了人体易于吸收的小分子营养物质,又增加滋味和风味。研究认为发蛋白质降解是由肉内源酶及微生物酶共同作用的结果。肌肉蛋白酶主要负责将蛋白水解生成寡肽,而细菌酶则有助于寡肽继续降解生成小肽和游离氨基酸,且他们之间有协同增效作用,内源酶可被乳酸菌激活。
酶解法生产条件温和、高效,对蛋白质营养价值破坏小,在酶解过程中,蛋白质三级结构在酶的切割下逐渐解离,构象破坏,能够生成许多易被人体吸收的游离氨基酸、短链肽等呈味物质,以及有益健康的生理活性物质如牛磺酸、活性肽及微量元素等。由于蛋白酶具有底物专一性,不同蛋白酶作用于肽链的位点不同,对酶解液的风味组成和营养特性也有重要影响。
发明内容
针对传统酱牛肉的制备中老卤反复卤煮造成工艺产品标准化困难,以及卤制时间长造成营养损失严重的不足,本发明提供一种营养骨汤、酱牛肉及其制备方法。
具体来说,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
一种营养骨汤,所述营养骨汤的原料包括骨泥、香辛料、乳化剂和水。
优选的,上述营养骨汤中,所述骨料选自牛骨泥、鸡骨泥、猪骨泥、羊骨泥、兔骨泥和狗骨泥中的一种或几种,所述乳化剂选自大豆磷脂、单甘酯、酪蛋白钠中的一种或几种,所述香辛料选自大料粉、草果粉、桂皮粉、肉豆蔻粉、小茴香粉、干辣椒粉、花椒粉、甘草粉、香叶粉、丁香粉、栀子粉、陈皮粉和白芷粉中的一种或几种,更优选的,以重量份计,所述原料包括:水分100份、牛骨泥10-20份、鸡骨泥15-30份、大料粉0.1-0.7份、草果粉0.1-0.5份、桂皮粉0.1-0.8份、肉豆蔻粉0.1-1.0份、小茴香粉0.1-0.9份、干辣椒粉0.5-4份、花椒粉0.1-0.6份、甘草粉0.1-0.5份、香叶粉0.1-0.7份、丁香粉0.1-0.3份、栀子粉0.1-0.3份、陈皮粉0.1-0.3份、白芷粉0.01-0.1份、大豆磷脂0.05-0.1份、盐1.8-2.0份。
优选的,上述营养骨汤中,所述营养骨汤通过将所述原料加入高压蒸煮锅内熬制,然后经离心过滤、高速乳化制得。
优选的,上述营养骨汤中,所述熬制的压强为50-100kPa,温度为100-121℃,时间为10-30min,更优选的,所述高速乳化的转速为8000-10000r/min。
本发明还提供一种酱牛肉的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)原料预处理
将牛肉分割后备用;
(2)制备腌制液
将上述营养骨汤、酶制剂和发酵剂混合均匀,得到腌制液;
(3)注射
通过注射机将步骤(2)所述腌制液注入步骤(1)所述牛肉中;
(4)滚揉腌制
将注射好的牛肉放入滚揉机中进行滚揉腌制;
(5)发酵和酶解
将滚揉腌制后的牛肉进行发酵和酶解,即得酱牛肉;
(6)包装
将冷却好的酱牛肉进行真空包装;
(7)杀菌
100-121℃杀菌20-30min后快速冷却。
优选的,上述制备方法中,步骤(2)中,所述酶制剂选自胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶中的一种或几种,所述发酵剂包括植物乳杆菌和/或木糖葡萄球菌,优选的,以重量份计,所述营养骨汤为40-50份,所述酶制剂包括胰蛋白酶0.05-0.2份、木瓜蛋白酶0.05-0.2份、酸性蛋白酶0.01-0.05份、风味蛋白酶0.05-0.1份,更优选的,所述植物乳杆菌在所述腌制液中的浓度为105-107CFU/ml,所述木糖葡萄球菌在所述腌制液中的浓度为105-107CFU/ml。
优选的,上述制备方法中,步骤(2)中,所述腌制液中还包括裸藻粉,优选的,以重量份计,所述裸藻粉为1-5份。裸藻兼有植物、动物特征的裸藻属,含有维生素、矿物质、氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、叶绿素、黄体素、玉米黄质、GABA等59种人体所必需的营养元素,能够全面地补充人体所需的营养。另外,由于裸藻无细胞壁的特点,因此人体可高效率地消化、吸收植物性、动物性两种营养素,吸收率高达93.1%。其中最重要的裸藻多糖成分是裸藻属的特有成分。是由线性β-1,3-葡聚糖构成的多糖体。它与食物纤维一样不易消化,将其内部降解后会发现螺旋状缠绕的复杂结构中有无数的小孔。裸藻多糖不能被人体消化吸收,由于内部多孔结构,可以吸附人体中的多余物质及有毒物等排出体外,因此具有强效抗氧化、抗病毒、清除自由基的作用,对肝脏进行有效的防御保护,还可治疗痛风,缓解慢性疲劳,改善睡眠。
优选的,上述制备方法中,步骤(2)中,所述腌制液中还包括品质改良剂,更优选的,所述品质改良剂选自醋酸酯淀粉、黄原胶、海藻酸钠、酪蛋白酸钠、裸藻多糖、碳酸氢钠和乳酸钾中的一种或几种,最优选的,以重量份计,所述品质改良剂为醋酸酯淀粉0.5-1份、黄原胶0.2-0.5份、海藻酸钠0.15-0.6份、酪蛋白酸钠0.05-0.2份、裸藻多糖0.1-0.8份、碳酸氢钠0.48-0.68份、乳酸钾0.18-0.48份。
优选的,上述制备方法中,步骤(2)中,所述腌制液还包括调味料,所述调味料选自食盐、葱汁、鲜姜汁、白砂糖、葡萄糖、亚硝酸盐、异抗坏血酸钠、红曲红液、鸡精、蚝油、味极鲜、酵母提取物中的一种或几种,更优选的,以重量份计,所述调味料为食盐1.2-1.5份,葱汁2-3份,鲜姜汁4-8份,白砂糖0.50-0.60份,葡萄糖0.50-1.00份,亚硝酸盐0.0025-0.015份,异抗坏血酸钠0.8-0.10份,红曲红液0.1-0.12份,鸡精0.20-0.3份,蚝油0.5-0.80份,味极鲜0.8-1.00份,酵母提取物0.5-0.8份。
优选的,上述制备方法中,步骤(3)中,将所述牛肉、腌制液按质量比2:1-3:1装入注射机,注射率大于80%。
优选的,上述制备方法中,步骤(4)中,所述滚揉腌制采用变压滚揉的方式,滚揉总时间为12-24h。
优选的,上述制备方法中,步骤(5)中,所述发酵和酶解的湿度为90%-95%,更优选的,所述发酵和酶解采用梯度升温的方式:第一阶段温度为15-25℃,时间为8-10h;第二阶段温度为30-40℃,时间为6-8h;第三阶段温度为50-55℃,时间为10-15h;第四阶段温度为75~80℃,时间为10-30min。
本发明还提供一种酱牛肉,其根据上述的制备方法制备得到。
本发明所取得的有益效果:
1、本发明提供的营养骨汤,将香辛料和牛骨鸡骨充分破碎成细小的颗粒,高压密闭熬制,既有利于香辛料中风味物质和骨中营养物质充分释放,又避免香气的遗散。且骨头中的脂肪含量高达30-50%左右,富含大量人体必需脂肪酸,通过加入大豆磷脂作为乳化剂,利于脂肪均匀的分散在骨汤中制备稳定的乳状液,使骨头的利用率高达90%。其可替代老汤用于制备酱牛肉,解决了传统酱牛肉生产过程中因老汤的反复使用而产生杂环胺等危害物质及风味不稳定的问题,又可达到老汤卤牛肉的鲜味和香味,还缩短了热加工时间,提供营养,为工业化定量生产酱牛肉提供新的思路。
2、本发明的酱牛肉的制备方法,添加特制的营养骨汤,利用发酵剂发酵和复合酶解技术改善牛肉的质构,降解蛋白生成小肽和氨基酸,避免老卤反复卤煮工艺及卤制时间长的弊端,缩短热加工时间,提升终产品营养品质和质构特性。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1营养骨汤的制备
用胶体磨将牛骨和鸡骨架制成骨泥,将香辛料用粉碎机磨成粉,取上述处理后的骨泥和香辛料粉投入高压蒸煮锅中,在121℃、50kPa、40r/min搅拌速度下熬制20min后停止加热,减压降温至室温,关闭搅拌,然后5000r/min离心20min后,经100目过滤分离杂物,8000r/min高速搅拌机乳化10min,得到营养骨汤。各原料按重量份计为:水分100份、牛骨泥20份、鸡骨泥30份、大料粉0.5份、草果粉0.4份、桂皮粉0.3份、肉豆蔻粉0.5份、小茴香粉0.5份、干辣椒粉2份、花椒粉0.5份、甘草粉0.4份、香叶粉0.7份、丁香粉0.3份、栀子粉0.2份、陈皮粉0.2份、白芷粉0.05份、大豆磷脂0.05份、盐1.8份。
对比例1
对比例1采用与实施例1相同的方法制备营养骨汤,区别仅在于:对比例1的原料中采用碎骨机(SGJ-420,廊坊市惠友机械有限公司)制备得到的鸡骨渣、牛骨渣代替牛骨泥和鸡骨泥,采用未粉碎的香辛料代替香辛料粉。
对比例2
对比例2采用与实施例1相同的方法制备营养骨汤,区别仅在于:对比例2的原料中未添加乳化剂大豆磷脂。
检测实施例1和对比例1-2制备得到的营养骨汤的营养指标,其中,按照GB5009.5-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定》测定蛋白质。按照GB 5009.6-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中脂肪的测定》测定脂肪。氨基酸测定按照GB 5009.124-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中氨基酸的测定》测定。胶原蛋白测定参照董宪兵的方法,根据羟脯胺酸含量进行计算。矿物质根据GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中多元素的测定》测定。挥发性风味物质采用顶空固相微萃取-气质连用法检测。结果如表1所示。
表1破碎程度和乳化剂对骨汤中营养指标和风味的影响
从表1可以看出,采用骨泥和香辛料粉制备骨汤中胶原蛋白、脂肪、蛋白质、氨基酸、钙及矿物质等营养元素的含量和挥发性风味物质明显高于采用骨渣和香辛料颗粒制备的骨汤。对比例2中添加了乳化剂的骨汤中脂肪含量明显低于实施例1,因此,将香辛料和牛骨鸡骨充分破碎成细小的颗粒,有利于香辛料中风味物质和骨中营养物质充分释放,通过加入大豆磷脂作为乳化剂,利于脂肪均匀的分散在骨汤中制备稳定的乳状液。
实施例2酱牛肉的制备
1)解冻:将牛腱子肉100kg放置在低温高湿解冻库解冻至4℃。
2)前处理:卫生要求高,做好台板、刀具的清洗消毒工作,刀具放在夹层锅的沸水中煮10分钟,台板清洗干净后用沸水烫一次,再喷洒75%的酒精,消毒5分钟方可休整原料。将解冻好的原料肉剔除碎骨和淤血,修整成重量为200-250g的肉块,清洗至无血水析出,然后捞出沥至表面无水滴。
3)腌制液的配置:称取食盐1.3kg,葱汁3kg,鲜姜汁5kg,白砂糖0.6kg,葡萄糖1kg,亚硝酸盐0.00858kg,异抗坏血酸钠0.88kg,红曲红液0.10kg,鸡精0.20kg,蚝油0.6kg,味极鲜0.9kg,酵母提取物0.8kg,实施例1制备的营养骨汤50kg,裸藻粉4kg,品质改良剂(醋酸酯淀粉0.5kg、黄原胶0.3kg、海藻酸钠0.4kg、酪蛋白酸钠0.05kg、裸藻多糖0.5kg、碳酸氢钠0.48kg、乳酸钾0.28kg),复合酶制剂(胰蛋白酶0.05kg、木瓜蛋白酶0.15kg、酸性蛋白酶0.04kg、风味蛋白酶0.1kg),发酵剂(1011CFU/g的植物乳杆菌粉10g,1011CFU/g的木糖葡萄球菌10g),将以上物料溶解混匀,冷藏备用。
4)特制腌制液注射:盐水注射机使用前消毒,将修正切块的牛肉100kg、腌制液50kg分别装入盐水注射机后,将腌制液均匀连续注射到肉块中,保证注射率达到80%以上;
5)滚揉:将注射了腌制料的肉块放入滚揉罐中,进行变压式滚揉腌制,设定的滚揉腌制总时间为12h。每小时0.6MPa加压滚揉10分钟,常压滚揉时间为10分钟,90kPa真空度负压滚揉10分钟,静止时间为30分钟。
6)发酵和酶解:恒温恒湿库使用前进行杀菌,将腌制后的牛肉平铺在托盘中,采用梯度升温的方式为:第一阶段发酵、酶解:温度为20℃和湿度为95%,保持8h;第二阶段发酵、酶解:升到35℃,湿度为95%,保温8h;第三阶段酶解:继续加热至55℃,湿度为95%,保温15h;第四阶段成型:最终加热至80℃,湿度为95%,保持30min。加入1kg卡拉胶,和蒸煮流出的汤汁混合均匀,拌在牛肉上,推入冷凉间冷却。
7)包装:将冷却好的卤牛肉进行真空包装。
8)杀菌:110℃杀菌30min后快速冷却。
对比例3
对比例3采用与实施例2相同的方法制备酱牛肉,区别仅在于:对比例3的腌制液中未添加发酵剂。
对比例4
对比例4采用与实施例2相同的方法制备酱牛肉,区别仅在于:对比例4的腌制液中未添加复合酶制剂。
对比例5
对比例5采用与实施例2相同的方法制备酱牛肉,区别仅在于:对比例5未使用实施例1制备的营养骨汤,其所用营养骨汤与实施例1的区别在于原料中未添加骨泥。
对实施例2和对比例3-5所制酱牛肉产品进行感官评价,方法如下:感官评价试验在特定的感官评价室进行,采用评分检验法。挑选8名感官评价人员,包括4男4女,以色泽、气味、滋味、组织状态作为感官评定的指标,收集8位感官评价员的评分表,计算产品评分的平均分作为感官评价的最终得分。感官评价标准如表2所示,感官评价结果如表3所示。
表2感官评价标准
表3感官评价结果
从表3可以看出,实施例2采用酶制剂、发酵剂和骨汤制作的卤牛肉的感官评分结果均优于对比例3-5。因此利用发酵剂发酵和内外源酶解技术降解蛋白,生成小肽和氨基酸,可以嫩化和软化牛肉,提高产品的滋味、气味和组织状态,其中添加发酵剂还可以促进酱牛肉发色,提高颜色的评分。添加特制的营养骨汤,可提升终产品气味和滋味。
实施例3品质改良剂对酱牛肉质构特性的影响
实施例3采用与实施例2相同的方法制备酱牛肉,区别仅在于:实施例3所用品质改良剂中醋酸酯淀粉、黄原胶、海藻酸钠、裸藻多糖的配比按照表4给出的配比因素水平进行4因素3水平的正交试验设计,其他的配方和加工方法和实施例2一致。
表4因素水平表
考察品质改良剂中醋酸酯淀粉、黄原胶、海藻酸钠、裸藻多糖的不同配比对酱牛肉出品率的影响,结果见表5。其中出品率采用制作前后牛肉的重量比计算。其中,ki=对应列中第"i"水平对应的出品率值之平均值,R=相同列的k1,k2,k3中的最大值减去最小值之差,R值越大代表对出品率的影响越大。
表5品质改良剂配比对酱牛肉出品率的影响
由表5结果可知,黄原胶添加量对卤牛肉出品率影响最大,其次是裸藻多糖,醋酸酯淀粉和海藻酸钠。最优配方为醋酸酯淀粉1份,黄原胶0.5份,海藻酸钠0.6份、裸藻多糖0.1份。标号1中四种品质改良剂均不添加,出品率是最低。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验,对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对其作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种酱牛肉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料预处理
将牛肉分割后备用;
(2)制备腌制液
将营养骨汤、酶制剂和发酵剂混合均匀,得到腌制液;
(3)注射
通过注射机将步骤(2)所述腌制液注入步骤(1)所述牛肉中;
(4)滚揉腌制
将注射好的牛肉放入滚揉机中进行滚揉腌制;
(5)发酵和酶解
将滚揉腌制后的牛肉进行发酵和酶解,即得所述酱牛肉;
所述营养骨汤的原料包括骨泥、香辛料、乳化剂和水;
所述营养骨汤通过将所述原料加入高压蒸煮锅内熬制,然后经离心过滤、高速乳化制得;
步骤(2)中,所述酶制剂选自胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶中的一种或几种,所述发酵剂为植物乳杆菌和/或木糖葡萄球菌;
步骤(5)中,所述发酵和酶解的湿度为90%-95%,所述发酵和酶解采用梯度升温的方式:第一阶段温度为15-25℃,时间为8-10h;第二阶段温度为30-40℃,时间为6-8h;第三阶段温度为50-55℃,时间为10-15h;第四阶段温度为75~80℃,时间为10-30min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,所述骨泥选自牛骨泥、鸡骨泥、猪骨泥、羊骨泥、兔骨泥和狗骨泥中的一种或几种,所述乳化剂选自大豆磷脂、单甘酯、酪蛋白钠中的一种或几种,所述香辛料选自大料粉、草果粉、桂皮粉、肉豆蔻粉、小茴香粉、干辣椒粉、花椒粉、甘草粉、香叶粉、丁香粉、栀子粉、陈皮粉和白芷粉中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其中,以重量份计,所述营养骨汤的原料包括: 水分100份、牛骨泥10-20份、鸡骨泥15-30份、大料粉0.1-0.7份、草果粉0.1-0.5份、桂皮粉0.1-0.8份、肉豆蔻粉0.1-1.0份、小茴香粉0.1-0.9份、干辣椒粉0.5-4份、花椒粉0.1-0.6份、甘草粉0.1-0.5份、香叶粉0.1-0.7份、丁香粉0.1-0.3份、栀子粉0.1-0.3份、陈皮粉0.1-0.3份、白芷粉0.01-0.1份、大豆磷脂 0.05-0.1份、盐1.8-2.0份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,所述熬制的压强为50-100kPa,温度为100-121℃,时间为10-30min,所述高速乳化的转速为8000-10000r/min。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(2)中,以重量份计,所述营养骨汤为40-50份,所述酶制剂为胰蛋白酶0.05-0.2份、木瓜蛋白酶0.05-0.2份、酸性蛋白酶0.01-0.05份、风味蛋白酶0.05-0.1份,所述植物乳杆菌在所述腌制液中的浓度为105-107CFU/ml,所述木糖葡萄球菌在所述腌制液中的浓度为105-107CFU/ml。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(2)中,所述腌制液中还包括裸藻粉,以重量份计,所述裸藻粉为1-5份。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(2)中,所述腌制液中还包括品质改良剂,所述品质改良剂选自醋酸酯淀粉、黄原胶、海藻酸钠、酪蛋白酸钠、裸藻多糖、碳酸氢钠和乳酸钾中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其中,以重量份计,所述品质改良剂为醋酸酯淀粉0.5-1份、黄原胶 0.2-0.5份、海藻酸钠0.15-0.6份、酪蛋白酸钠0.05-0.2份、裸藻多糖0.1-0.8份、碳酸氢钠0.48-0.68份、乳酸钾0.18-0.48份。
9.一种酱牛肉,其特征在于,根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的制备方法制备得到。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201911398882.0A CN111202231B (zh) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | 用于制备酱牛肉的营养骨汤、酱牛肉及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201911398882.0A CN111202231B (zh) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | 用于制备酱牛肉的营养骨汤、酱牛肉及其制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN111202231A CN111202231A (zh) | 2020-05-29 |
CN111202231B true CN111202231B (zh) | 2022-12-20 |
Family
ID=70783375
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201911398882.0A Active CN111202231B (zh) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | 用于制备酱牛肉的营养骨汤、酱牛肉及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN111202231B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114304472A (zh) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-12 | 湖南天外飞鲜食品有限公司 | 精准检测卤水数值变化及原值恢复后重复利用的卤制工艺 |
CN114601139A (zh) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-06-10 | 华中农业大学 | 一种标准化生产高乳化稳定性莲藕排骨汤的加工工艺 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20100137112A (ko) * | 2009-06-22 | 2010-12-30 | 홍성한우클러스터사업단영농조합법인 | 사골곰탕의 제조방법 |
CN109259108A (zh) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-25 | 福建农林大学 | 一种基于多次发酵提高牛肉嫩度的方法 |
CN110101027A (zh) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-09 | 滁州学院 | 一种新型无卤煮卤牛肉制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101422247B (zh) * | 2008-11-26 | 2011-03-30 | 吉林农业大学 | 发酵牛肉火腿 |
CN102106572B (zh) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-11-14 | 山西农业大学 | 牛骨汤的加工工艺 |
CN104544160A (zh) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-04-29 | 吉林大学 | 一种发酵牛肉粒的制作方法 |
CN104621637A (zh) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-05-20 | 中国肉类食品综合研究中心 | 一种营养猪骨原汤及其制备方法 |
CN109393025A (zh) * | 2017-08-16 | 2019-03-01 | 内蒙古伊利实业集团股份有限公司 | 一种酸奶及其制备方法 |
CN108208621A (zh) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-06-29 | 内蒙古大牧场牧业(集团)有限责任公司 | 肉制品的加工工艺及其得到的肉制品 |
CN109805294B (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2022-07-19 | 中国肉类食品综合研究中心 | 一种微生物发酵源风味补充剂的制备方法及应用 |
-
2019
- 2019-12-30 CN CN201911398882.0A patent/CN111202231B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20100137112A (ko) * | 2009-06-22 | 2010-12-30 | 홍성한우클러스터사업단영농조합법인 | 사골곰탕의 제조방법 |
CN109259108A (zh) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-25 | 福建农林大学 | 一种基于多次发酵提高牛肉嫩度的方法 |
CN110101027A (zh) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-09 | 滁州学院 | 一种新型无卤煮卤牛肉制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN111202231A (zh) | 2020-05-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103689644B (zh) | 一种清凉型发酵香肠及其制备方法 | |
CN106615074B (zh) | 一种鱿鱼的复合生物保鲜剂及其保鲜方法 | |
CN111202231B (zh) | 用于制备酱牛肉的营养骨汤、酱牛肉及其制备方法 | |
CN109295146B (zh) | 酶法鲍鱼酶法提取物及其制备方法 | |
CN111713681A (zh) | 一种含有扇贝肉的复合调味料及其制备方法 | |
CN104366441B (zh) | 一种牛肉西瓜酱的制备方法 | |
CN109452607B (zh) | 包含鲍鱼酶法提取物的调味汁及其制备方法 | |
KR101299543B1 (ko) | 현미와 찹쌀을 첨가한 소시지 제조방법 | |
CN101830747A (zh) | 一种西藏亚东野生黑木耳人工栽培的培养料 | |
CN113373196B (zh) | 一种金线鱼抗疲劳肽的加工方法 | |
KR102180266B1 (ko) | 아연 콩나물을 이용한 족발 및 이의 제조방법 | |
KR102326403B1 (ko) | 막창 가공방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 막창 | |
CN107950997A (zh) | 鳗鱼肉调味酱及其制作方法 | |
CN107960447A (zh) | 一种肉类生物保鲜剂的制备方法 | |
KR102326812B1 (ko) | 식용곤충 분말의 제조방법 | |
CN115039857A (zh) | 一种非亚硝盐发色的午餐肉及制备方法 | |
KR101264966B1 (ko) | 돈피 콜라겐을 이용한 기능성 식품의 제조방법 | |
CN105942247A (zh) | 一种辛辣风味发酵鸭肉香肠及其制备方法 | |
KR102645522B1 (ko) | 돈피 콜라겐을 함유하는 반려동물 간식 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 반려동물 간식 | |
KR100443782B1 (ko) | 발효 육골즙및 그 제조방법 | |
CN115399192B (zh) | 一种利用红衣补血口服液药渣生产蛹虫草菌质的方法及其应用 | |
KR102594633B1 (ko) | 철갑상어 엑기스를 함유하는 돼지 코로나 바이러스 증식 억제용 조성물 제조방법 | |
KR102593788B1 (ko) | 연어부산물을 이용한 수산 단백질바 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 수산 단백질바 | |
KR102283413B1 (ko) | 발효 귀리의 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 발효 귀리 | |
CN110604265A (zh) | 一种保健型茶香肴肉的加工方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |