CN110815057A - Treatment method of acid-free phosphatized metal plate - Google Patents
Treatment method of acid-free phosphatized metal plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110815057A CN110815057A CN201911071222.1A CN201911071222A CN110815057A CN 110815057 A CN110815057 A CN 110815057A CN 201911071222 A CN201911071222 A CN 201911071222A CN 110815057 A CN110815057 A CN 110815057A
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- metal plate
- phosphating
- blasting
- acid
- metal sheet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/08—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for polishing surfaces, e.g. smoothing a surface by making use of liquid-borne abrasives
- B24C1/086—Descaling; Removing coating films
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for treating an acid-free phosphatized metal plate, which comprises the following steps: degreasing, namely providing a degreasing agent to remove grease and dirt on the surface of the metal plate; a spraying step, namely spraying and striking polygonal spraying sand particles on the surface of the metal plate through a centrifugal impeller to remove an oxide layer; a water washing step of washing the surface of the metal plate to remove the dust generated in the blasting step; a phosphating treatment step, namely forming a phosphating film on the surface of the metal plate to provide protection; and a water washing step of washing the metal plate to remove the residual phosphating solution; a rust prevention step of applying a rust inhibitor to the metal plate; and a drying step of drying the metal plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for treating an acid-free phosphatized metal plate, in particular to a method which avoids using an acidic solution to remove an oxide layer on the surface of a metal workpiece and provides a good surface for a subsequent phosphatization step, so that the processing of the surface of the metal plate can be suitable for the subsequent metal processing.
Background
With the rapid development of the metal processing industry, the railway manufacturing industry and the automobile industry, higher requirements are placed on the production of various metal products and the quality of railway and automobile part products, and long-term practice proves that some simple and easy pretreatment modes cannot meet the basic requirements of metal processing and coating. Only by adopting a standard pretreatment production process, a layer of standard phosphating film and protective film can be formed on the surface of the steel so as to meet the quality requirements of metal processing and coating treatment.
In the processing process of the steel product, the oxide skin and the iron rust on the surface of the steel product need to be chemically cleaned, so that the steel product is exposed out of a steel matrix, and the treatment effects of electroplating, phosphorization, oxidation (blackening and bluing), stretching, rolling, rust prevention and the like are effectively improved.
At present, hydrochloric acid rust removal is the most common method for chemical rust removal, and the hydrochloric acid rust removal is fast and can be carried out at normal temperature, so the method is widely applied. However, in actual operation, hydrochloric acid rust removal has the phenomena of 'over corrosion', oxidation spots and 'hydrogen embrittlement', generates a large amount of acid mist, and causes environmental pollution and social public nuisance.
Therefore, how to improve the treatment method, overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, and avoid environmental pollution and social public nuisance has become one of the important issues to be solved in this technical field.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for treating an acid-free phosphatized metal plate, and particularly relates to a method for removing an oxide layer on the surface of a metal workpiece without using an acidic solution and providing a good surface for a subsequent phosphatization step, so that the processing of the surface of the metal plate can be suitable for the subsequent metal processing.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating an acid-free phosphated metal sheet, including the following steps:
degreasing, namely providing a degreasing agent to remove grease and dirt on the surface of the metal plate;
a spraying step, namely spraying and striking polygonal spraying sand particles on the surface of the metal plate through a centrifugal impeller to remove an oxide layer;
a water washing step of washing the surface of the metal plate to remove the dust generated in the blasting step;
a phosphating treatment step, namely forming a phosphating film on the surface of the metal plate to provide protection; and
a water washing step of washing the metal plate to remove residual phosphating solution;
a rust prevention step of applying a rust inhibitor to the metal plate; and
a drying step of drying the metal plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the provided method for treating the acid-free phosphatized metal plate can replace the traditional method for removing the oxide layer of the metal workpiece by an acid washing mode through the technical scheme of spraying, and can reduce the pollution of an acid washing solution to the environment. In the spraying step, the spraying particles can be recycled, which is beneficial to environmental protection. In addition, the present invention is also characterized in that the angle and distance of the blasting can be controlled preferably, even the present invention uses the detector to detect the surface removing condition of the metal plate in real time through the surface real-time observation step, and the blasting step is stopped when the removed dust changes in gas phase. Therefore, the condition of removing the oxide layer can be accurately controlled, the purpose of properly removing rust is achieved, the surface of the metal workpiece is properly activated, and good phosphating film crystallization is favorably formed subsequently.
For a better understanding of the features and technical aspects of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, which are provided for the purpose of illustration and description and are not intended to limit the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of the process for phosphating of metal sheets without acid according to the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic side view of the invention using a plurality of centrifugal impellers during the step of blasting the metal sheet.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a centrifugal impeller of the present invention in the context of metal plate blasting.
FIG. 4 is a front view of a blasting machine for blasting metal sheets according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the metal plate spraying machine of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
9-spraying and hitting the machine; 91-a collecting device; 92-lifting equipment; 93-a particle processing apparatus; 94-a discharge part; 100-centrifugal impeller; 200-a metal sheet; d1-detection device; d2-detector.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention disclosed herein are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand the advantages and effects of the present invention from the disclosure of the present specification. While the invention may be practiced or utilized in various other embodiments, numerous modifications and variations may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, the details of which may be set forth in the following description. The drawings of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to depict actual dimensions. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Referring to FIG. 1, a flow chart of the steps of the method for treating an acid-free phosphated metal sheet according to the present invention is shown. The invention provides a method for treating acid-free phosphatized metal plates, but the invention is not limited to metal plates, and the method can be applied to various metal workpieces, is only matched with different shapes of the metal workpieces, and needs to be additionally considered in the implementation process. The method for treating the acid-free phosphatized metal sheet of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
first, in the degreasing step S1, a degreasing agent is provided to remove grease and dirt on the surface of the metal plate. Degreasing is a very important step in the metal surface pretreatment. Degreasing is also known as degreasing. Oil stains are left in the production and processing of the metal plate, and rust preventive oil and the like are used for rust prevention during storage and transportation. Before further surface treatment, the metal plate must be cleaned of oil stains on the surface, otherwise the effects of rust removal and scale removal are affected, and the quality of surface electroplating and coating layers is further affected.
The degreasing effect is related to four factors, namely degreasing temperature, degreasing time, mechanical action and degreasing agent. Generally speaking, the higher the temperature, the lower the viscosity of the oil, facilitating removal. Regarding the degreasing time, the metal plate of the present embodiment is suitable for a high pressure spraying manner, and the degreasing time is about 1.5 to 3 minutes, depending on the kind and the residual amount of the oil stains. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a dip degreasing method may be used, or a high-pressure spray and dip degreasing method may be used in combination. In the degreasing process, the effect can be improved by means of mechanical methods such as pressure spraying or stirring, and the spraying process can enable fresh degreasing agents to be in good contact with the surface of the metal plate, so that the degreasing effect is improved. In order to improve the emulsifying and dispersing capacity of the oil stain, the content of the surfactant in the degreasing agent can be properly increased.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, fig. 2 is a schematic side view of a plurality of centrifugal impellers applied in the step of spraying a metal plate according to the present invention. Next, in blasting step S2, the polygonal blasting grit is blasted against the surface of the metal plate material 200 by the centrifugal impeller 100 to remove the oxide layer. Wherein the spraying step S2 includes providing a plurality of centrifugal impellers 100, placing the centrifugal impellers 100 on the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal plate 200 in a symmetrical manner, respectively, and spraying the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal plate 200 in a symmetrical manner. The steps have the advantages that the upper stress and the lower stress formed by spraying are offset, the flatness of the metal plate is kept, and local concave-convex caused by different tensions on the surface is avoided.
One of the characteristics of the method for treating the acid-free phosphatized metal plate is that the centrifugal impeller 100 is combined with the blasting machine 9 having the advantages of sand blasting and bead blasting, as shown in fig. 4, the centrifugal impeller 100 can eject blasting particles at a high speed, wherein the particle size of the blasting particles can be between that of sand materials of the sand blasting and steel shots of the bead blasting, so that the method not only has a cleaning effect and can improve the surface roughness, but also can improve the fatigue resistance of the workpiece and the hardness of the surface of the workpiece, thereby achieving the purpose of prolonging the service life. For example, the speed of the blasting step may be 50-200 m/s, and the blasting sand may be glass, sand, or steel, more specifically, for example: the grain size of the blasting sand is 320-1400 microns (mum).
Fig. 4 is a front view of a blasting machine applied in the step of blasting a metal plate according to the present invention. The spraying machine 9 has two pairs of centrifugal impellers 100 arranged at intervals, and the two centrifugal impellers 100 arranged at intervals can be arranged on different planes or on the same plane. The two spraying outlet surfaces form an obtuse angle of about 120-150 degrees. Briefly, the blasting machine 9 has a particle processing device 93, a plurality of sets of centrifugal impellers 100, a collecting device 91, and a lifting device 92. Through the collection device 91 and the lifting device 92, the blasting particles can be recycled, which is beneficial to environmental protection. The particle processing device 93 processes the recovered blasting particles and filters other dust or particles mixed therewith, and supplies the plurality of blasting particles to the plurality of sets of centrifugal impellers 100 through the discharging part 94, thereby forming a circulation manner to utilize the blasting particles. The details of the blasting machine can be found in taiwan patent application No. 108132992, application No. 2019-09-12 of the applicant, and can be considered as part of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 5, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the spraying step includes adjusting or automatically rotating the spraying angle between the nozzle of the centrifugal impeller 100 and the metal plate 200, as shown by the left and right arc arrows in fig. 5. Accordingly, the plurality of blasting particles may be more uniformly blasted on the metal panel 200. In another embodiment, the spraying step may further include adjusting a distance between a nozzle of the centrifugal impeller 100 and the metal plate 200. The distance between the nozzle of the centrifugal impeller 100 and the metal plate 200 can be adjusted. Another advantage is that it further comprises providing a distance detecting device D1 for detecting the distance between the nozzle of the centrifugal impeller 1000 and the metal plate 200. It is particularly reminded that in the process of rotationally adjusting the spraying angle or adjusting the spraying distance, the upper and lower centrifugal impellers 100 symmetrically spray the metal plate 200. In addition, the centrifugal impeller 100 may also have a programmable motor to adjust the rotational speed.
Next, as shown in fig. 1, a water washing step S3 of washing the surface of the metal plate material 200 to remove the dusts generated in the blasting step S2.
Then, as shown in fig. 1, a phosphating (phosphorization) step S4 is performed to form a phosphating film on the surface of the metal plate for protection. In this embodiment, the phosphating step includes using a manganese phosphating solution, an iron phosphating solution, or a zinc phosphating solution. Wherein, the PH value of the manganese phosphating solution is preferably between 2 and 3, and the PH value of the iron phosphating solution is preferably between 3 and 5.5. Phosphorization is a process of forming a phosphate chemical conversion film by chemical and electrochemical reactions, and is suitable for materials such as steel, aluminum, zinc and the like, and the formed phosphate chemical conversion film is called as a phosphorization film. The process of depositing a layer of water-insoluble crystalline phosphate conversion film on the surface by immersing the metal sheet (workpiece) in a phosphating solution (a solution based on certain acid phosphates), is called phosphating. The phosphating film is a crystal which twinkles with light, is uniform and fine, is gray and porous and has strong adhesive force, and the crystal mainly comprises zinc phosphate and some of the zinc phosphate is iron hydrogen phosphate. The zinc-iron ratio depends on the solution composition, phosphating time and temperature. The purpose of phosphating is primarily to provide a layer of protection to the sheet metal against corrosion of the metal. The primer is used for priming before painting, so that the adhesive force and the corrosion resistance of a paint film layer can be improved, or the lubricating effect of reducing friction is achieved in a metal cold machining process.
In addition, the phosphate coating cannot grow on a raw rust layer or an oxide scale, so complete rust removal is a necessary condition for the phosphate coating. Therefore, in the last step of the present invention, the step of blasting the metal plate is very critical. On the one hand, rust removal can not be excessive, otherwise, the rough surface of the metal workpiece leads to coarse and large pores of crystals, and precipitates are increased. On the other hand, if the rust removal is not thorough enough, the surface of the metal workpiece is not activated enough, and the phosphating film is also crystallized and coarsened. In the process for treating acid-free phosphated metal sheet according to the invention, the thickness of the oxide layer removed by the blasting step is greater than 10 micrometers (μm), as shown in fig. 5. In addition, the method for treating the acid-free phosphated metal sheet of the present invention further includes a surface real-time observation step of detecting the surface removal condition of the metal sheet 200 in real time by a detector D2, and stopping the blasting step S2 when the removed dust gas phase changes. Therefore, the condition of removing the oxide layer can be accurately controlled, the purpose of properly removing rust is achieved, the surface of the metal workpiece is properly activated, and good phosphating film crystallization is favorably formed subsequently.
Next, as shown in FIG. 1, a second water washing step S5 washes the metal sheet to remove residual phosphating solution. This step is different from the first water washing step S3 in that the effect of washing the phosphating film with water after phosphating is to remove soluble substances and the like adsorbed on the film surface, to prevent the phosphating film from foaming and falling off under damp and hot conditions, and to improve the film adhesion, corrosion resistance and the like.
Then, as shown in fig. 1, a rust preventing step S6 is performed to apply a rust inhibitor to the metal plate material. For example, it can be immersed in a rust preventive oil. Since the phosphating film has many pores, it cannot effectively prevent corrosion for a long period of time, and is easily damaged particularly when it is exposed to an acid or an alkali. Therefore, after the phosphating step, the metal sheet (work) needs to be immersed in a rust preventive oil to supplement the rust preventive treatment. The antirust oil can form a compact antirust oil film on the surface of the metal workpiece, and can improve the corrosion resistance of the phosphatized metal workpiece.
Finally, a drying step S7 dries the metal plate. In this embodiment, natural drying may be employed to save energy. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and ventilation or heat drying may be used to accelerate drying.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the processing method of the acid-free phosphatized metal plate provided by the invention can reduce the pollution of the pickling solution to the environment by replacing the traditional method of removing the oxide layer of the metal workpiece in a pickling manner through the technical scheme of spraying. In the spraying step of the invention, the spraying particles can be recycled, which is beneficial to environmental protection. In addition, the present invention can preferably control the angle and distance of the blasting, and even the present invention uses the detector D2 to detect the condition of the surface removal of the metal plate 200 in real time through the surface real-time observation step, and stops the blasting step when the removed dust changes. Therefore, the condition of removing the oxide layer can be accurately controlled, the purpose of properly removing rust is achieved, and the properly activated surface of the metal workpiece is beneficial to the subsequent formation of good phosphating film crystals.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for treating the acid-free phosphatized metal sheet is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
degreasing, namely providing a degreasing agent to remove grease and dirt on the surface of the metal plate;
a blasting step of blasting polygonal blasting sand by a centrifugal impeller to blast and strike the surface of the metal plate to remove an oxide layer;
a water washing step of washing the surface of the metal plate to remove the dust generated in the blasting step;
a phosphating treatment step, namely forming a phosphating film on the surface of the metal plate to provide protection; and
a water washing step of washing the metal plate to remove residual phosphating solution;
a rust prevention step of applying a rust inhibitor to the metal plate; and
a drying step of drying the metal plate.
2. The method of treating acid-free phosphatized metal sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein said blasting step includes:
and providing a plurality of centrifugal impellers, and respectively arranging the centrifugal impellers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal plate in a symmetrical mode so as to symmetrically spray the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal plate.
3. The method of treating an acid-free phosphated metal sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blasting step is carried out at a speed of 50 to 200 m/s, the blasting sand is corundum or silicon carbide, and the blasting sand has a particle size of 320 to 1400 μm.
4. The method of phosphating acid-free phosphated metal sheet according to claim 1, wherein the blasting step includes adjusting the distance between the nozzle of the centrifugal impeller and the metal sheet.
5. The method of phosphating a metal sheet without an acid according to claim 4, further comprising: a distance detecting device is provided to detect the distance between the nozzle of the centrifugal impeller and the metal plate.
6. The method of phosphating acid-free phosphated metal sheet according to claim 1, wherein the blasting step includes adjusting the angle of the nozzle of the centrifugal impeller to the blast of the metal sheet.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the centrifugal impeller has a programmable motor to adjust the rotational speed.
8. The method of phosphating a metal sheet without an acid according to claim 1, wherein the phosphating step comprises phosphating with a manganese phosphating solution or a zinc phosphating solution.
9. The method of phosphating acid-free phosphated metal sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the oxide layer removed in the blasting step is greater than 10 microns.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a surface real-time observation step of detecting the surface removal condition of the metal plate in real time by using a detector, and stopping the blasting step when the removed dust is changed in gas phase.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111451945A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-07-28 | 昆山亚比斯环保包装材料有限公司 | Adjustable impeller spraying bin |
CN112873059A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-01 | 江苏热盾节能环保科技有限公司 | Method and equipment for treating oxide layer on surface of hot rolled plate |
CN115026043A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-09 | 苏州晶洲装备科技有限公司 | Method and system device for cleaning metal base material |
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CN112873059A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-01 | 江苏热盾节能环保科技有限公司 | Method and equipment for treating oxide layer on surface of hot rolled plate |
CN115026043A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-09 | 苏州晶洲装备科技有限公司 | Method and system device for cleaning metal base material |
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