CN110776003A - Method for preparing artificial rutile by using low-grade high-calcium-magnesium ilmenite - Google Patents
Method for preparing artificial rutile by using low-grade high-calcium-magnesium ilmenite Download PDFInfo
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- CN110776003A CN110776003A CN201911182728.XA CN201911182728A CN110776003A CN 110776003 A CN110776003 A CN 110776003A CN 201911182728 A CN201911182728 A CN 201911182728A CN 110776003 A CN110776003 A CN 110776003A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing artificial rutile by using low-grade high-calcium magnesium ilmenite, which comprises the following steps of: carrying out oxidation treatment on the high-grade ilmenite to obtain oxidized ilmenite; carrying out oxidation treatment on the low-grade ilmenite, and then carrying out reduction treatment in a reducing atmosphere to obtain reduced ilmenite; uniformly mixing the obtained oxidized ilmenite and the obtained reduced ilmenite to obtain modified ilmenite, then carrying out acid leaching, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation and washing to obtain an artificial rutile primary product; calcining the obtained artificial rutile primary product to obtain the product artificial rutile. The leaching rate of the iron element is effectively improved by controlling the pseudobrookite content and improving the hematite content; in the acid leaching process, because the high-grade ilmenite is easy to leach, the iron salt formed by leached iron elements improves the activity of acid and promotes the leaching of the low-grade ilmenite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of titanium metallurgy, in particular to a method for preparing artificial rutile by using low-grade ilmenite.
Background
With the rapid development of the chloride process titanium dioxide process, the demand on raw materials is increasing day by day, but the problem of strict requirement on the quality of the raw materials also exists, and the raw materials of the chloride process titanium dioxide need to meet the following indexes:
although China is a big titanium resource country, the natural rutile suitable for producing sponge titanium and titanium dioxide by a chloride process is in shortage of high-quality titanium ore resources suitable for being processed into a chloride rich titanium material, wherein the natural rutile is high in quality, and is continuously developed for producing titanium dioxide by the chloride process, so that the natural rutile is gradually exhausted. At present, the artificial rutile is commonly used to replace natural rutile to serve as the raw material of the titanium dioxide by the chlorination process, but the high-quality ilmenite is needed to prepare the artificial rutile suitable for the titanium dioxide by the chlorination process due to the high quality requirement of the raw material of the titanium dioxide by the chlorination process. Wherein the high-grade ilmenite needs to meet the following indexes:
| composition (I) | TiO 2 | CaO | MgO | SiO 2 | V 2O 5 | Cr 2O 3 |
| Content/% | ≥48 | ＜0.3 | ＜0.5 | ＜2.5 | ＜0.5 | ＜0.3 |
For high-grade ilmenite, the invention patent of U.S. Benalite company with publication number of US3967954 discloses a method for producing artificial rutile from high-quality ilmenite placer ore, in which the pretreatment mode of the raw material is high-temperature reduction, the raw material is reduced at about 870 ℃, then soluble impurities such as iron in the ore are leached at about 140 ℃, and the concentration of leached hydrochloric acid is 18-20%. After leaching, the solid phase obtained by filtering and washing is calcined at 870 ℃ to prepare the synthetic rutile. The method can effectively leach impurities and produce TiO
2Synthetic rutile with the content of about 94 percent. However, more than 95% of titanium resources in China belong to low-grade ilmenite (mainly distributed in Panxi areas), wherein the contents of titanium dioxide, CaO, MgO, SiO2 and other impurities in the PTK10 ore and the Anning ore in the Panxi titanium industry are shown in the following table:
CaO, MgO, SiO in these ores
2When the content of impurities is higher, the titanium concentrate is obtained by adopting the conventional mineral separation technology, and then the TiO in the titanium slag is smelted by using the titanium concentrate
2The grade can only reach 70-77%, and the content of MgO + CaO reaches 8-10%, so that the catalyst cannot be used for boiling chlorination. Titanium iron has been proposed at presentIn the method for preparing the artificial rutile by taking the ore as the raw material, the research of a hydrochloric acid leaching method is more, and the method has the advantages of high leaching speed and strong impurity removal capability. Before hydrochloric acid leaching, pretreatment is needed to modify ilmenite so as to facilitate impurity leaching. Up to now, the pretreatment method comprises: high-temperature reduction, weak oxidation, strong oxidation-weak reduction, strong oxidation-strong reduction, strong oxidation-weak reduction-strong oxidation and the like. However, the low-grade ilmenite has high content of silicon, calcium and magnesium, is compact and is not easy to leach out even though being subjected to oxidation-reduction modification, the Chinese patent application with the publication number of CN108585034A discloses a method for preparing high-strength artificial rutile from ilmenite, the ilmenite is subjected to high-temperature oxidation, weak reduction, high-temperature reoxidation, acid leaching, alkali leaching and calcination to obtain the artificial rutile, and the alkali leaching is carried out after the acid leaching in order to remove Ca, Mg and Si impurities which are difficult to remove in the acid leaching process. Therefore, developing a method for preparing artificial rutile by using low-grade high-calcium-magnesium ilmenite based on abundant low-grade ilmenite resources in Panxi area becomes a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for preparing artificial rutile by using low-grade high-calcium-magnesium ilmenite so as to improve the leaching rate of the low-grade ilmenite and the quality of the artificial rutile.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for preparing artificial rutile by using low-grade high-calcium magnesium ilmenite comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out oxidation treatment on the high-grade ilmenite to obtain oxidized ilmenite;
(2) carrying out oxidation treatment on the low-grade ilmenite, and then carrying out reduction treatment in a reducing atmosphere to obtain reduced ilmenite;
(3) uniformly mixing the oxidized ilmenite obtained in the step (1) and the reduced ilmenite obtained in the step (2) to obtain modified ilmenite, carrying out acid leaching on the modified ilmenite, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation and washing to obtain an artificial rutile primary product;
(4) and (4) calcining the artificial rutile primary product obtained in the step (3) to obtain the product artificial rutile.
The invention takes high-grade ilmenite and low-grade ilmenite as production raw materials of artificial rutile, the high-grade ilmenite can realize effective leaching of impurities in subsequent acid leaching only after weak oxidation, and the low-grade ilmenite has high content of silicon, calcium and magnesium, wherein the content of calcium oxide is more than 0.3%, the content of magnesium oxide is more than 0.5%, and the content of silicon dioxide is more than 2.5%, because a calcium silicate glass phase structure is compact, the direct leaching effect is much lower than that of the high-quality ilmenite after only weak oxidation, therefore, the internal compact structure is broken through weak reduction, the compact structure is slightly damaged, the content of pseudobrookite in the modified ilmenite is controlled below 10%, then the oxidized ilmenite and the reduced ilmenite are uniformly mixed and subjected to acid leaching, and in the early stage of leaching, the iron element in the high-grade ilmenite is rapidly leached, forming chloride (ferric chloride and ferrous chloride) which is rapidly diffused into the ore pulp to promote the leaching of the low-grade ilmenite.
Further, the oxidation treatment temperature of the step (1) is 600-750 ℃, and the oxidation treatment time is 15-45 min.
Further, the oxidation treatment temperature of the step (2) is 600-750 ℃, and the oxidation treatment time is 15-45 min.
Further, the reduction treatment temperature of the step (2) is 500-600 ℃, and the reduction treatment time is 10-30 min.
The iron-containing titanium ore in the ilmenite is mainly ilmenite (FeTiO)
3) The form exists, in the oxidation process, the ilmenite phase change process is as follows along with the oxidation strength from weak to strong: from ilmenite (FeTiO)
3) Is gradually decomposed by oxidation to form hematite (Fe)
2O
3) With titanium dioxide (TiO)
2) Then, the hematite is recombined with the titanium dioxide to form pseudobrookite (Fe) with the increase of oxidation strength
2TiO
5). In the reduction process, high valence Fe element iron-containing minerals (ilmenite, iron, titanium, iron,hematite, pseudobrookite) is reduced to the presence of iron elements in a lower valence state (ilmenite, metallic iron). So as to regulate and control the oxidation-reduction strength and obtain the modified ore with the required mineral composition. Wherein the relevant oxidation and reduction chemical reaction formula is as follows:
and (3) an oxidation process:
4FeTiO
3+O2＝2Fe
2O
3+4TiO
2(1)
Fe
2O
3+TiO
2＝Fe
2TiO
5(2)
and (3) reduction process:
Fe
2TiO
5+3C＝2Fe+TiO
2+3CO (3)
Fe
2TiO
5+2CO＝FeTiO
3+Fe+2CO
2(4)
FeTiO
3+CO＝Fe+TiO
2+CO
2(5)
the oxidation temperature of 600-750 ℃ is adopted in the invention to generate minerals with hematite, rutile and ilmenite as main mineral phases through weak oxidation, when the oxidation temperature is high (T is more than or equal to 1073K to 800 ℃), minerals with pseudobrookite as main mineral phases are generated, and after the weak oxidation of 600-750 ℃, the content of the minerals in the ilmenite is shown in the following table:
| composition (I) | Hematite (iron ore) | Rutile type | Ilmenite | Pseudobrookite |
| Content/% | 15-30％ | 15-20％ | 40-55％ | <10％ |
Controlling the content of pseudobrookite in high-grade and low-grade ilmenite to be below 10% by controlling the oxidation temperature, and controlling the leaching rate of iron elements: hematite (Fe)
3+)>Ilmenite (Fe)
2+)>>Pseudobrookite (Fe)
3+) The content of pseudobrookite is controlled, and the leaching rate of iron element can be effectively improved by increasing the content of hematite.
The high-grade ilmenite can be subjected to subsequent effective impurity leaching after only weak oxidation; however, the low-grade high-calcium-magnesium ilmenite has high silicon-calcium-magnesium content and compact structure, and the direct leaching effect is much lower than that of the high-quality ilmenite after only weak oxidation, so that the low-grade ilmenite after the weak oxidation is reduced at the temperature of 500-600 ℃, the dense structure in the minerals is slightly broken while the main minerals are hematite, rutile and ilmenite, and the leaching of impurities in the minerals is effectively promoted.
The modified high-grade ilmenite and the modified low-grade ilmenite are uniformly mixed and then subjected to acid leaching, for example, hydrochloric acid is used as an example, since the modified high-grade ilmenite is easy to leach, in the early stage of leaching, iron elements in the high-grade ilmenite are rapidly leached to form chloride (ferric chloride and ferrous chloride) which is rapidly diffused into ore pulp, the low-grade ilmenite is surrounded by the chloride, the chloride can effectively improve the activity of the hydrochloric acid, the leaching of the low-grade ilmenite is further promoted, the low-grade ilmenite is subjected to weak oxidation and weak reduction treatment, the iron elements in the low-grade ilmenite exist in the forms of hematite and ilmenite which are easy to leach, the iron elements leached from the low-grade ilmenite further improve the activity of the hydrochloric acid, the leaching of impurities from the low-grade ilmenite is promoted, and the quality of the artificial rutile is improved.
Further, the mass ratio of the high-grade ilmenite to the low-grade ilmenite is 3-8: 2.
Further, the leaching acid of the acid leaching in the step (3) can be hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
Further, the mass concentration of the leaching acid is 18-25%.
Further, the leaching temperature of the acid leaching is 130-160 ℃, and the leaching time is 3-8 h.
Further, the mass ratio of the leached acid to the modified ilmenite in the acid leaching process is 2-4: 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, through weak oxidation-reduction modification, the content of hematite in the modified ilmenite is increased, the content of pseudobrookite in the modified ilmenite is reduced, the mass content of hematite in the modified ilmenite is 15-30%, the mass content of rutile is 15-20%, the mass content of ilmenite is 40-55%, the mass content of pseudobrookite is less than 10%, and the leaching rate of iron element is effectively increased by controlling the content of pseudobrookite and increasing the content of hematite; in the acid leaching process, because the high-grade ilmenite is easy to leach, the iron salt formed by leached iron elements improves the activity of acid and promotes the leaching of the low-grade ilmenite;
the process has low oxidation and reduction temperature, low energy consumption, short time consumption, lower requirement on equipment and titanium recovery rate of more than 90 percent; the concentration of the leaching acid, the leaching time and the acid-ore ratio are in a mild range, the problems of low ore activity, harsh leaching conditions, strong mechanical stirring and the like which cause the increase of the pulverization rate are solved, the pulverization rate of the prepared artificial rutile is low, and the content of the granularity between-60 meshes and +150 meshes is more than 91.8 percent.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
mixing high grade ilmenite (TiO)
2: 52%, TFe: 34%) and low grade high calcium magnesium ilmenite (TiO)
2：48％、TFe：32％，SiO
2: 2.5%, CaO: 0.9%, MgO: 5.5%) according to the mass ratio of 7:3 (the total mass is 5 kg); wherein the granularity ranges of the two ilmenite are-60 meshes to +150 meshes.
Sending the weighed high-grade ilmenite into a fluidized bed, and oxidizing for 20min at 700 ℃ in an air atmosphere to obtain oxidized ilmenite; sending the weighed low-grade high-calcium-magnesium ilmenite into a fluidized bed, oxidizing for 20min at 700 ℃ in an air atmosphere, and reducing for 15min at 580 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain reduced ilmenite; and uniformly mixing the oxidized ilmenite and the reduced ilmenite to obtain the modified ilmenite.
Carrying out pressure leaching on the obtained modified ilmenite, wherein the leaching temperature is 150 ℃, the leaching time is 4h, the hydrochloric acid concentration is 22%, the mass ratio of the hydrochloric acid to the modified ilmenite is 3:1, filtering after leaching to obtain a solid-phase mineral, then washing, and finally calcining, wherein the calcining temperature is 850 ℃, preparing a sample after cooling, and carrying out sample detection and analysis to obtain TiO
2：92.5％、TFe：3.4％，SiO
2: 1.2%, CaO: 0.12%, MgO: 0.86% of artificial rutile with the granularity of-60 meshes to +150 meshes of 92.6%, TiO
2The recovery was 94.5%.
Example 2:
mixing high grade ilmenite (TiO)
2: 52%, TFe: 34%) and low grade high calcium magnesium ilmenite (TiO)
2：48％、TFe：32％，SiO
2: 2.5%, CaO: 0.9%, MgO: 5.5%) according to the mass ratio of 7:3 (the total mass is 5 kg); wherein the granularity ranges of the two ilmenite are-60 meshes to +150 meshes.
Sending the weighed high-grade ilmenite into a fluidized bed, and oxidizing for 40min at 600 ℃ in an air atmosphere to obtain oxidized ilmenite; sending the weighed low-grade high-calcium-magnesium ilmenite into a fluidized bed, oxidizing for 40min at 600 ℃ in an air atmosphere, and then reducing for 30min at 500 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain reduced ilmenite; and uniformly mixing the oxidized ilmenite and the reduced ilmenite to obtain the modified ilmenite.
Carrying out pressure leaching on the obtained modified ilmenite, wherein the leaching temperature is 140 ℃, the leaching time is 5h, the hydrochloric acid concentration is 22%, the mass ratio of the hydrochloric acid to the modified ilmenite is 3:1, filtering after leaching to obtain a solid-phase mineral, then washing, and finally calcining, wherein the calcining temperature is 850 ℃, preparing a sample after cooling, and carrying out sample detection and analysis to obtain TiO
2：91.2％、TFe：3.8％，SiO
2: 1.4%, CaO: 0.14%, MgO: 1.2% of artificial rutile with the granularity of-60 meshes to +150 meshes of 91.8%, TiO
2The recovery was 93.6%.
Example 3:
mixing high grade ilmenite (TiO)
2: 52%, TFe: 34%) and low grade high calcium magnesium ilmenite (TiO)
2：48％、TFe：32％，SiO
2: 2.5%, CaO: 0.9%, MgO: 5.5%) according to the mass ratio of 6:4 (the total mass is 5 kg); wherein the granularity ranges of the two ilmenite are-60 meshes to +150 meshes.
Sending the weighed high-grade ilmenite into a fluidized bed, and oxidizing for 20min at 700 ℃ in an air atmosphere to obtain oxidized ilmenite; sending the weighed low-grade high-calcium-magnesium ilmenite into a fluidized bed, oxidizing for 20min at 700 ℃ in an air atmosphere, and reducing for 20min at 550 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain reduced ilmenite; and uniformly mixing the oxidized ilmenite and the reduced ilmenite to obtain the modified ilmenite.
Carrying out pressure leaching on the obtained modified ilmenite, wherein the leaching temperature is 160 ℃, the leaching time is 6h, the hydrochloric acid concentration is 25%, the mass ratio of the hydrochloric acid to the modified ilmenite is 3:1, filtering after leaching to obtain a solid-phase mineral, then washing, and finally calcining, wherein the calcining temperature is 850 ℃, preparing a sample after cooling, and carrying out sample detection and analysis to obtain TiO
2：92.7％、TFe：2.8％，SiO
2: 1.1%, CaO: 0.15%, MgO: 1.4% of artificial rutile with the granularity of-60 meshes to +150 meshes of 91.2%, TiO
2The recovery was 90.3%.
Example 4:
mixing high grade ilmenite (TiO)
2: 52%, TFe: 34%) and low grade high calcium magnesium ilmenite (TiO)
2：48％、TFe：32％，SiO
2: 2.5%, CaO: 0.9%, MgO: 5.5%) according to the mass ratio of 8:2 (the total mass is 5 kg); wherein the granularity ranges of the two ilmenite are-60 meshes to +150 meshes.
Sending the weighed high-grade ilmenite into a fluidized bed, and oxidizing for 20min at 700 ℃ in an air atmosphere to obtain oxidized ilmenite; sending the weighed low-grade high-calcium-magnesium ilmenite into a fluidized bed, oxidizing for 20min at 700 ℃ in an air atmosphere, and reducing for 20min at 550 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain reduced ilmenite; and uniformly mixing the oxidized ilmenite and the reduced ilmenite to obtain the modified ilmenite.
Carrying out pressure leaching on the obtained modified ilmenite, wherein the leaching temperature is 140 ℃, the leaching time is 4h, the hydrochloric acid concentration is 25%, the mass ratio of the hydrochloric acid to the modified ilmenite is 3:1, filtering after leaching to obtain a solid-phase mineral, then washing, and finally calcining, wherein the calcining temperature is 850 ℃, preparing a sample after cooling, and carrying out sample detection and analysis to obtain TiO
2：93.54％、TFe：2.62％，SiO
2: 0.83%, CaO: 0.08%, MgO: 0.86% of artificial rutile with the granularity of-60 meshes to +150 meshes of 92.5%, TiO
2The recovery was 91.7%.
Comparative example 1:
mixing high grade ilmenite (TiO)
2: 52%, TFe: 34%) and low grade high calcium magnesium ilmenite (TiO)
2：48％、TFe：32％，SiO
2: 2.5%, CaO: 0.9%, MgO: 5.5%) according to the mass ratio of 7:3 (the total mass is 5 kg); wherein the granularity ranges of the two ilmenite are-60 meshes to +150 meshes.
Sending the weighed high-grade ilmenite into a fluidized bed, and oxidizing for 20min at 900 ℃ in an air atmosphere to obtain oxidized ilmenite; sending the weighed low-grade high-calcium-magnesium ilmenite into a fluidized bed, oxidizing for 20min at 900 ℃ in an air atmosphere, and reducing for 15min at 750 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain reduced ilmenite; and uniformly mixing the oxidized ilmenite and the reduced ilmenite to obtain the modified ilmenite.
Carrying out pressure leaching on the obtained modified ilmenite, wherein the leaching temperature is 150 ℃, the leaching time is 4h, the hydrochloric acid concentration is 22%, the mass ratio of the hydrochloric acid to the modified ilmenite is 3:1, filtering after leaching to obtain a solid-phase mineral, then washing, and finally calcining, wherein the calcining temperature is 850 ℃, preparing a sample after cooling, and carrying out sample detection and analysis to obtain TiO
2：85.5％、TFe：6.5％，SiO
2: 2.2%, CaO: 0.6%, MgO: 2.4 percent of synthetic rutile is not suitable for preparing titanium dioxide by chlorination method.
Comparative example 2:
low grade is highCalcium magnesium ilmenite (TiO)
2：48％、TFe：32％，SiO
2: 2.5%, CaO: 0.9%, MgO: 5.5%) weighing 5 kg; wherein the granularity range of the ilmenite is-60 meshes to +150 meshes.
And (3) feeding the weighed low-grade high-calcium-magnesium ilmenite into a fluidized bed, oxidizing for 20min at 700 ℃ in an air atmosphere, and then reducing for 15min at 580 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the modified ilmenite.
Carrying out pressure leaching on the obtained modified ilmenite, wherein the leaching temperature is 150 ℃, the leaching time is 4h, the hydrochloric acid concentration is 22%, the mass ratio of the hydrochloric acid to the modified ilmenite is 3:1, filtering after leaching to obtain a solid-phase mineral, then washing, and finally calcining, wherein the calcining temperature is 850 ℃, preparing a sample after cooling, and carrying out sample detection and analysis to obtain TiO
2：85.4％、TFe：5.7％，SiO
2: 2.3%, CaO: 0.7%, MgO: 3.5 percent of synthetic rutile is not suitable for preparing titanium dioxide by chlorination method.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing artificial rutile by using low-grade high-calcium magnesium ilmenite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out oxidation treatment on the high-grade ilmenite to obtain oxidized ilmenite;
(2) carrying out oxidation treatment on the low-grade ilmenite, and then carrying out reduction treatment in a reducing atmosphere to obtain reduced ilmenite;
(3) uniformly mixing the oxidized ilmenite obtained in the step (1) and the reduced ilmenite obtained in the step (2) to obtain modified ilmenite, carrying out acid leaching on the modified ilmenite, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation and washing to obtain an artificial rutile primary product;
(4) and (4) calcining the artificial rutile primary product obtained in the step (3) to obtain the product artificial rutile.
2. The method for preparing the artificial rutile by using the low-grade high-calcium-magnesium-ilmenite as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the oxidation treatment temperature of the step (1) is 600-750 ℃, and the oxidation treatment time is 15-45 min.
3. The method for preparing the artificial rutile by using the low-grade high-calcium-magnesium-ilmenite as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the oxidation treatment temperature of the step (2) is 600-750 ℃, and the oxidation treatment time is 15-45 min.
4. The method for preparing the artificial rutile by using the low-grade high-calcium magnesium ilmenite as claimed in the claim 1 or the claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the reduction treatment temperature of the step (2) is 500-600 ℃, and the reduction treatment time is 10-30 min.
5. The method for preparing the artificial rutile by using the low-grade high-calcium-magnesium-ilmenite as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the mass ratio of the high-grade ilmenite to the low-grade ilmenite is 3-8: 2.
6. The method for preparing the artificial rutile by using the low-grade high-calcium-magnesium-ilmenite as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the leaching acid of the acid leaching in the step (3) can be hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
7. The method for preparing the artificial rutile by using the low-grade high-calcium-magnesium-ilmenite as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass concentration of the leaching acid is 18-25%.
8. The method for preparing the artificial rutile by using the low-grade high-calcium-magnesium-ilmenite as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the leaching temperature of the acid leaching is 130-160 ℃, and the leaching time is 3-8 h.
9. The method for preparing artificial rutile by using low-grade high-calcium magnesium ilmenite as claimed in claim 6, 7 or 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the leaching acid to the modified ilmenite in the acid leaching process is 2-4: 1.
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