CN110763959B - High-voltage switch cabinet partial discharge detection method - Google Patents
High-voltage switch cabinet partial discharge detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110763959B CN110763959B CN201910907648.XA CN201910907648A CN110763959B CN 110763959 B CN110763959 B CN 110763959B CN 201910907648 A CN201910907648 A CN 201910907648A CN 110763959 B CN110763959 B CN 110763959B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1209—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing using acoustic measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/14—Circuits therefor, e.g. for generating test voltages, sensing circuits
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-voltage switch cabinet partial discharge detection method which comprises a plurality of ultrasonic sensors, a band-pass filter circuit, a pre-amplification circuit, a post-amplification circuit and a controller, wherein the output end of each ultrasonic sensor is electrically connected with the input end of the band-pass filter circuit, the output end of the band-pass filter circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the pre-amplification circuit, the output end of the pre-amplification circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the post-amplification circuit, and the output end of the post-amplification circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the controller. The partial discharge detection circuit of the high-voltage switch cabinet provided by the invention provides a matrix form of multi-channel input channels; form multichannel detection input, realize the non-contact type detection to the partial discharge in the cubical switchboard through the ultrasonic sensor of different positions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power equipment, in particular to a high-voltage switch cabinet partial discharge detection method.
Background
The high-voltage switch cabinet is generally used in the fields of power generation, power transmission, power distribution, electric energy conversion and consumption of a power system, can play roles of switching on and off, controlling or protecting and the like, has a voltage grade of 3.6kV to 550kV, and can be divided into types of a high-voltage load switch, a high-voltage isolating switch, grounding and the like. In actual work, the high-voltage switch cabinet often has the problem of partial discharge, causes insulating properties to deteriorate, accelerates the insulation damage process, and the electric energy that whole system consumed also can consequently increase. Therefore, partial discharge detection of the high-voltage switch cabinet is necessary.
The local discharge of the switch cabinet can directly influence the power generation efficiency and the power supply safety and simultaneously influence the safe and stable operation of the whole power system. Common partial discharge detection methods include an ultrahigh frequency detection method, a transient low voltage method, a pulse current detection method and the like, wherein the ultrahigh frequency detection method is used for detecting high-frequency electromagnetic waves excited by partial discharge within 0.5-3GHz, judging the type and the severity of the partial discharge according to the amplitude, the frequency characteristics and the like of electromagnetic wave signals, carrying out detection without power failure, and effectively inhibiting background noise, but the method cannot accurately position a fault position; the transient earth voltage method is called TEV for short, a special sensor is used for detecting TEV signals, but the method is easily interfered by electromagnetic waves and has low reliability; the pulse current detection method is generally used in the case of power failure; the above methods all have some disadvantages.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a method for detecting partial discharge of a high-voltage switch cabinet by using ultrasonic detection.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
on one hand, the invention provides a local discharge detection circuit of a high-voltage switch cabinet, which comprises an ultrasonic sensor (1), a band-pass filter circuit (2), a pre-amplification circuit (3), a post-amplification circuit (4) and a controller (5), wherein the output end of the ultrasonic sensor (1) is electrically connected with the input end of the band-pass filter circuit (2), the output end of the band-pass filter circuit (2) is electrically connected with the input end of the pre-amplification circuit (3), the output end of the pre-amplification circuit (3) is electrically connected with the input end of the post-amplification circuit (4), and the output end of the post-amplification circuit (4) is electrically connected with the input end of the controller (5);
the ultrasonic sensor (1) receives an ultrasonic signal of partial discharge, converts the ultrasonic signal into a corresponding electric signal and outputs the electric signal;
the band-pass filter circuit (2) receives the electric signal sent by the ultrasonic sensor (1), selectively screens the frequency of the electric signal, and inputs the screened signal into the preamplification circuit (3);
the pre-amplification circuit (3) amplifies the screened electric signals for primary amplification;
the post-amplification circuit (4) receives the electric signal after the primary amplification of the pre-amplification circuit (3) and performs secondary amplification with adjustable amplification factor on the electric signal; and the signals of the two-stage amplification are input into a controller (5).
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the band-pass filter circuit (2) includes a first operational amplifier U1 and a second operational amplifier U2, an output end of the ultrasonic sensor (1) is electrically connected with one end of a resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected with one ends of a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2 and a resistor R5, the other end of the capacitor C1 is electrically connected with one end of a resistor R3 and an inverting input end of the first operational amplifier U1, and the other end of the capacitor C2 and the other end of the capacitor R3 are electrically connected with an output end of the first operational amplifier U1; the output end of the first operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected with the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier U2; a resistor R8 is connected between the inverting input end and the output end of the second operational amplifier U2 in parallel, and the other end of the resistor R5 is also connected with the output end of the second operational amplifier U2 in parallel; the output end of the second operational amplifier U2 is electrically connected with the input end of the pre-amplifying circuit (3).
Further preferably, the pre-amplifier circuit (3) comprises an instrumentation amplifier U3, a coupling capacitor C7 is arranged between the non-inverting input terminal of the instrumentation amplifier U3 and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier U2, the inverting input terminal of the instrumentation amplifier U3 is grounded, and the output terminal of the instrumentation amplifier U3 is electrically connected with the input terminal of the post-amplifier circuit (4).
Still more preferably, the instrumentation amplifier U3 is instrumentation amplifier AD623 or AD 8422.
Still further preferably, the post-amplifier circuit (4) includes a third operational amplifier U4, a fourth operational amplifier U5, a first negative feedback circuit, a second negative feedback circuit and a nand gate, an output terminal of the pre-amplifier circuit (3) is electrically connected to an inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier U4, a first negative feedback circuit is connected in parallel between the inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier U4 and the output terminal thereof, an output terminal of the third operational amplifier U4 is electrically connected to an inverting input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier U5, a second negative feedback circuit is connected in parallel between the inverting input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier U5 and the output terminal thereof, an output terminal of the fourth operational amplifier U5 is electrically connected to a first input terminal of the nand gate, a second input terminal of the nand gate is grounded, and an output terminal of the nand gate is electrically connected to an input terminal of the controller (5).
Still preferably, the post-amplifier circuit (4) further includes an analog circuit switch U6, a first input terminal of the analog circuit switch U6 is electrically connected to an output terminal of the fourth operational amplifier U5, and a second input terminal of the analog circuit switch U6 is electrically connected to the controller (5); a first output end of the analog circuit switch U6 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R14, a second output end of the analog circuit switch U6 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R15, and the other ends of the resistor R14 and the resistor R15 are electrically connected to an inverting input end of the fourth operational amplifier U5.
Still further preferably, the analog circuit switch U6 is an SGM3157 analog switch, and the first input terminal of the analog circuit switch U6 is selectively connected to the first output terminal or the second output terminal according to the input level of the second input terminal.
Still further preferably, the voltage regulator further comprises a bias voltage generating circuit (6), the bias voltage generating circuit (6) comprises an SPX1117 voltage regulator U7, a pin 1 of the SPX1117 voltage regulator is electrically connected with a +5V power supply, a resistor R16 is connected in parallel between a pin 2 and a pin 3, a resistor R17 is connected in parallel between the pin 2 and the ground, and a capacitor C10 is connected in parallel between the pin 3 and the ground; the pin 3 is used as an output end of the bias voltage generating circuit (6) and is electrically connected with a reference voltage end of the preamplifier circuit (3), a non-inverting input end of the third operational amplifier U4 and a non-inverting input end of the fourth operational amplifier U5 respectively.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the controller (5) is an STM32F469 singlechip.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a partial discharge detection method of the high-voltage switch cabinet, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: a plurality of pairs of ultrasonic sensors (1) are arranged at the front gap of the switch cabinet to be tested, so that each pair of ultrasonic sensors (1) are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the distances between the ultrasonic sensors (1) arranged in pairs in the vertical direction are equal;
s2: configuring each ultrasonic sensor (1), enabling each ultrasonic sensor (1) to correspond to a group of band-pass filter circuit (2), a pre-amplification circuit (3) and a post-amplification circuit (4), and electrically connecting each detection circuit formed by the configuration with the input end of a controller (5) respectively;
s3: detecting a pair of ultrasonic sensors (1) positioned on the same horizontal plane in a layer-by-layer scanning mode; output by the controller (5);
s4: and judging the relative position of the partial discharge in the switch cabinet by comparing the output results of the ultrasonic sensors (1) on each layer.
Compared with the prior art, the partial discharge detection method for the high-voltage switch cabinet has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the partial discharge detection circuit of the high-voltage switch cabinet provided by the invention provides a matrix form of multi-channel input channels; forming multi-path detection input, and realizing non-contact detection of partial discharge in the switch cabinet by ultrasonic sensors at different positions;
(2) the band-pass filter circuit can be used for frequency selection, so that corresponding frequency signals pass through the band-pass filter circuit, and signals outside the frequency can be greatly attenuated;
(3) the pre-amplification circuit can provide higher input impedance and smaller amplification factor so as to inhibit the amplification of noise;
(4) the post-amplification circuit adopts a two-stage negative feedback amplification structure, can play a role in high-power amplification, and can further improve the amplification factor through an analog circuit switch;
(5) the controller is integrated into the development board to output waveform analog signals, so that the amplitude of the signals can be observed in real time, and the switching of the analog circuit switch can be controlled.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system architecture of a partial discharge detection method for a high voltage switch cabinet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a wiring diagram of a band-pass filter circuit of the partial discharge detection method of the high-voltage switch cabinet according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a wiring diagram of a preamplifier circuit of the partial discharge detection method of the high-voltage switch cabinet according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a wiring diagram of a post-amplification circuit of the partial discharge detection method of the high-voltage switch cabinet according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a wiring diagram of a bias voltage generating circuit of the partial discharge detection method of the high voltage switch cabinet according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a layout diagram of an ultrasonic sensor on a high-voltage switch cabinet according to a partial discharge detection method of the high-voltage switch cabinet.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a local discharge detection circuit for a high voltage switch cabinet, which includes an ultrasonic sensor 1, a band-pass filter circuit 2, a pre-amplifier circuit 3, a post-amplifier circuit 4, a controller 5 and a bias voltage generation circuit 6, wherein an output end of the ultrasonic sensor 1 is electrically connected to an input end of the band-pass filter circuit 2, an output end of the band-pass filter circuit 2 is electrically connected to an input end of the pre-amplifier circuit 3, an output end of the pre-amplifier circuit 3 is electrically connected to an input end of the post-amplifier circuit 4, and an output end of the post-amplifier circuit 4 is electrically connected to an input end of the controller 5;
the ultrasonic sensor 1 receives an ultrasonic signal of partial discharge, converts the ultrasonic signal into a corresponding electric signal and outputs the electric signal; the band-pass filter circuit 2 receives the electric signal sent by the ultrasonic sensor 1, selectively screens the frequency of the electric signal, and inputs the screened signal into the pre-amplification circuit 3; the pre-amplifying circuit 3 amplifies the screened electric signals for primary amplification; the post-amplification circuit 4 receives the electric signal after the primary amplification of the pre-amplification circuit 3 and performs secondary amplification with adjustable amplification factor on the electric signal; and the two-stage amplified signal is input to the controller 5. The impact vibration generated by the partial discharge can be detected by the ultrasonic sensor 1 and converted into a weak voltage signal, which has a frequency component in a wide range, and thus, it needs to be filtered. The invention adopts the band-pass filter circuit 2 to select the frequency, so that the voltage signal in a certain frequency range can smoothly pass through the band-pass filter circuit 2, and the signals outside the frequency can be greatly attenuated by the band-pass filter circuit 2. The signal amplified by the two-stage amplifying circuit is input into the controller 5, and the controller 5 outputs a corresponding amplitude signal for an observer to refer to.
As shown in fig. 2, the band-pass filter circuit 2 includes a first operational amplifier U1 and a second operational amplifier U2, an output terminal of the ultrasonic sensor 1 is electrically connected to one end of a resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected to one ends of a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2 and a resistor R5, the other end of the capacitor C1 is electrically connected to one end of a resistor R3 and an inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1, the other end of the capacitor C2 and the other end of the capacitor R3 are both electrically connected to an output terminal of the first operational amplifier U1, and a non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is connected in series with the resistor R4 and then grounded; the output end of the first operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected with the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier U2; a resistor R8 is connected between the inverting input end and the output end of the second operational amplifier U2 in parallel, and the other end of the resistor R5 is also connected with the output end of the second operational amplifier U2 in parallel; the output end of the second operational amplifier U2 is electrically connected to the input end of the pre-amplifier circuit 3, and the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier U2 is connected in series with the resistor R7 and then grounded. As can be seen from the figure, the resistor R1 and the capacitor C2 near the first transport amplifier U1 form a low-pass filter circuit, and the resistor R3 and the capacitor C1 form a high-pass filter circuit, so that the frequency-selecting function can be realized. The second operational amplifier U2 performs purely low-power voltage amplification functions. The resistor R2 is a ground resistor. The first operational amplifier U1 and the second operational amplifier U2 both adopt a single power supply structure, namely, both power supplies are powered by a +5V power supply, the other power supply is grounded, and decoupling capacitors C3, C4, C5 and C6 are respectively connected in parallel to each power supply port. The resistors R5 and R8 provide negative feedback function, and the resistor R6 and the resistor R8 also form a low-power amplification circuit, which amplifies the frequency-selected signal to a certain extent and outputs the amplified signal. By adjusting the ratio, the pass band amplification factor of the band pass filter circuit 2 can be adjusted.
As shown in fig. 3, the pre-amplifier circuit 3 includes an instrumentation amplifier U3, a coupling capacitor C7 is disposed between the non-inverting input terminal of the instrumentation amplifier U3 and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier U2, the inverting input terminal of the instrumentation amplifier U3 is grounded, and the output terminal of the instrumentation amplifier U3 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the post-amplifier circuit 4. Instrumentation amplifier U3 is instrumentation amplifier AD623 or AD 8422. When the AD623 is selected in the figure, the pin 7 of the instrumentation amplifier U3 is electrically connected with the +5V power supply; a resistor R9 is connected in parallel between pin 1 and pin 8, pin 4 is connected to ground, and pin 5 can be connected to an external reference voltage.
As shown in fig. 4, the post-amplifier circuit 4 includes a third operational amplifier U4, a fourth operational amplifier U5, a first negative feedback circuit, a second negative feedback circuit and a nand gate, an output terminal of the pre-amplifier circuit 3 is electrically connected to an inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier U4, a first negative feedback circuit is connected in parallel between the inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier U4 and the output terminal thereof, an output terminal of the third operational amplifier U4 is electrically connected to an inverting input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier U5, a second negative feedback circuit is connected in parallel between the inverting input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier U5 and the output terminal thereof, an output terminal of the fourth operational amplifier U5 is electrically connected to a first input terminal of the nand gate, a second input terminal of the nand gate is grounded, and an output terminal of the nand gate is electrically connected to an input terminal of the controller 5.
The post-amplification circuit 4 further comprises an analog circuit switch U6, a first input end of the analog circuit switch U6 is electrically connected with an output end of the fourth operational amplifier U5, and a second input end of the analog circuit switch U6 is electrically connected with the controller 5; a first output end of the analog circuit switch U6 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R14, a second output end of the analog circuit switch U6 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R15, and the other ends of the resistor R14 and the resistor R15 are electrically connected to an inverting input end of the fourth operational amplifier U5.
In the invention, the analog circuit switch U6 is an SGM3157 analog switch, and the first input terminal of the analog circuit switch U6 is selectively connected to the first output terminal or the second output terminal according to the input level of the second input terminal. In the figure, a resistor R13, a capacitor C9, a resistor R14 and a fourth operational amplifier U5 form a negative feedback loop; the resistor R13, the capacitor C9, the resistor R15 and the fourth operational amplifier U5 form another negative feedback loop; when the analog circuit switch U6 receives a high level input by the controller 5, pin 1 is turned on, and pin 3 is turned off; when receiving the low level input by the controller 5, the analog circuit switch U6 turns off the pin 1 and turns on the pin 3, thereby realizing switching of different negative feedback loops and switching of different amplification factors.
The invention also comprises a bias voltage generating circuit 6, wherein the bias voltage generating circuit 6 comprises an SPX1117 voltage stabilizer U7, a pin 1 of the SPX1117 voltage stabilizer is electrically connected with a +5V power supply, a resistor R16 is connected in parallel between a pin 2 and a pin 3, a resistor R17 is connected in parallel between the pin 2 and the ground, and a capacitor C10 is connected in parallel between the pin 3 and the ground; the pin 3 is used as an output terminal of the bias voltage generating circuit 6 and is electrically connected to the reference voltage terminal of the pre-amplifier circuit 3, the non-inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier U4 and the non-inverting input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier U5, respectively. The voltage at the output of the SPX1117 regulator U7 may be calculated in volts.
The controller 5 is an STM32F469 singlechip. The single chip microcomputer is a high-performance digital signal controller developed by Italian semiconductor company, integrates an A/D converter and a D/A converter in the single chip microcomputer, and has a strong communication interface and peripheral equipment. The method is favorable for realizing the high-efficiency processing and output of the input signal.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a partial discharge detection method of the high-voltage switch cabinet, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging a plurality of pairs of ultrasonic sensors 1 at the front gap of a switch cabinet to be tested, so that each pair of ultrasonic sensors 1 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the distances between the ultrasonic sensors 1 arranged in pairs in the vertical direction are equal;
s2: configuring each ultrasonic sensor 1, enabling each ultrasonic sensor 1 to correspond to a group of band-pass filter circuits 2, pre-amplification circuits 3 and post-amplification circuits 4, and electrically connecting each detection circuit formed by the configuration with the input end of a controller 5 respectively;
s3: detecting a pair of ultrasonic sensors 1 positioned on the same horizontal plane in a layer-by-layer scanning mode; output by the controller 5;
s4: and judging the relative position of the partial discharge in the switch cabinet by comparing the output results of the ultrasonic sensors 1 on each layer.
Specifically, in order to better realize the functions of the invention, the invention can be realized by adopting an STM32F469 Discovery development board, wherein the development board is provided with an STM32F469 singlechip, is also integrated with a USB-OTG interface, an Arduino expansion interface and a miniUSB interface, and is connected with a 4-inch display screen through a serial interface. The ultrasonic sensors are arranged in the positions shown in fig. 6. During detection, a layer-by-layer detection method can be adopted, the amplitude of a display signal is output according to an STM32F469 Discovery development board, the larger the amplitude is, the closer the amplitude is to a discharge part, and therefore the relative position of partial discharge is determined, the discharge position can be determined between the planes of two adjacent ultrasonic sensors 1 through the signal amplitude due to the attenuation of ultrasonic signals along with the distance, and specific elements are checked until the partial discharge part and the elements are found.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A partial discharge detection method for a high-voltage switch cabinet is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: a plurality of pairs of ultrasonic sensors (1) are arranged at the front gap of a switch cabinet to be tested, each pair of ultrasonic sensors (1) are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the distances between the ultrasonic sensors (1) arranged in pairs in the vertical direction are equal, and the ultrasonic sensors (1) form a planar matrix structure;
s2: configuring each ultrasonic sensor (1), enabling each ultrasonic sensor (1) to correspond to a group of band-pass filter circuit (2), a pre-amplification circuit (3) and a post-amplification circuit (4), and electrically connecting each detection circuit formed by the configuration with the input end of a controller (5) respectively;
the detection circuit comprises an ultrasonic sensor (1), a band-pass filter circuit (2), a pre-amplification circuit (3) and a post-amplification circuit (4), the output end of the ultrasonic sensor (1) is electrically connected with the input end of the band-pass filter circuit (2), the output end of the band-pass filter circuit (2) is electrically connected with the input end of the pre-amplification circuit (3), the output end of the pre-amplification circuit (3) is electrically connected with the input end of the post-amplification circuit (4), and the output end of the post-amplification circuit (4) is electrically connected with the input end of the controller (5);
the ultrasonic sensor (1) receives an ultrasonic signal of partial discharge, converts the ultrasonic signal into a corresponding electric signal and outputs the electric signal;
the band-pass filter circuit (2) receives the electric signal sent by the ultrasonic sensor (1), selectively screens the frequency of the electric signal, and inputs the screened signal into the preamplification circuit (3);
the pre-amplification circuit (3) amplifies the screened electric signals for primary amplification;
the post-amplification circuit (4) receives the electric signal after the primary amplification of the pre-amplification circuit (3) and performs secondary amplification with adjustable amplification factor on the electric signal; and the signals of the second-stage amplification are input into a controller (5);
s3: detecting a pair of ultrasonic sensors (1) positioned on the same horizontal plane in a layer-by-layer scanning mode; output by the controller (5);
s4: and judging the relative position of the partial discharge in the switch cabinet by comparing the output results of the ultrasonic sensors (1) on each layer.
2. The method for detecting the partial discharge of the high-voltage switch cabinet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the band-pass filter circuit (2) comprises a first operational amplifier U1 and a second operational amplifier U2, the output end of the ultrasonic sensor (1) is electrically connected with one end of a resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected with one ends of a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2 and a resistor R5 respectively, the other end of a capacitor C1 is electrically connected with one end of a resistor R3 and the inverting input end of a first operational amplifier U1 respectively, and the other end of the capacitor C2 and the other end of a capacitor R3 are both electrically connected with the output end of the first operational amplifier U1; the output end of the first operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected with the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier U2; a resistor R8 is connected between the inverting input end and the output end of the second operational amplifier U2 in parallel, and the other end of the resistor R5 is also connected with the output end of the second operational amplifier U2 in parallel; the output end of the second operational amplifier U2 is electrically connected with the input end of the pre-amplifying circuit (3).
3. The method for detecting the partial discharge of the high-voltage switch cabinet as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pre-amplification circuit (3) comprises an instrument amplifier U3, a coupling capacitor C7 is arranged between the non-inverting input end of the instrument amplifier U3 and the output end of a second operational amplifier U2, the inverting input end of the instrument amplifier U3 is grounded, and the output end of the instrument amplifier U3 is electrically connected with the input end of the post-amplification circuit (4).
4. The method for detecting the partial discharge of the high-voltage switch cabinet as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the instrumentation amplifier U3 is instrumentation amplifier AD623 or AD 8422.
5. The method for detecting the partial discharge of the high-voltage switch cabinet as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the post-amplification circuit (4) comprises a third operational amplifier U4, a fourth operational amplifier U5, a first negative feedback circuit, a second negative feedback circuit and a NAND gate, the output end of the pre-amplification circuit (3) is electrically connected with the inverting input end of the third operational amplifier U4, a first negative feedback circuit is arranged between the inverting input end of the third operational amplifier U4 and the output end thereof in parallel, the output end of the third operational amplifier U4 is electrically connected with the inverting input end of the fourth operational amplifier U5, a second negative feedback circuit is connected between the inverting input end of the fourth operational amplifier U5 and the output end thereof in parallel, the output end of the fourth operational amplifier U5 is electrically connected with the first input end of the NAND gate, the second input end of the NAND gate is grounded, and the output end of the NAND gate is electrically connected with the input end of the controller (5).
6. The method for detecting the partial discharge of the high-voltage switch cabinet as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the post-amplification circuit (4) further comprises an analog circuit switch U6, a first input end of the analog circuit switch U6 is electrically connected with an output end of the fourth operational amplifier U5, and a second input end of the analog circuit switch U6 is electrically connected with the controller (5); a first output end of the analog circuit switch U6 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R14, a second output end of the analog circuit switch U6 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R15, and the other ends of the resistor R14 and the resistor R15 are electrically connected to an inverting input end of the fourth operational amplifier U5.
7. The method for detecting the partial discharge of the high-voltage switch cabinet as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the analog circuit switch U6 is an SGM3157 analog switch, and selectively connects the first input terminal thereof to the first output terminal or the second output terminal via the input level of the second input terminal of the analog circuit switch U6.
8. The method for detecting the partial discharge of the high-voltage switch cabinet as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the voltage stabilizer further comprises a bias voltage generating circuit (6), wherein the bias voltage generating circuit (6) comprises an SPX1117 voltage stabilizer U7, a pin 1 of the SPX1117 voltage stabilizer is electrically connected with a +5V power supply, a resistor R16 is connected between a pin 2 and a pin 3 in parallel, a resistor R17 is connected between the pin 2 and the ground in parallel, and a capacitor C10 is connected between the pin 3 and the ground in parallel; the pin 3 is used as an output end of the bias voltage generating circuit (6) and is electrically connected with a reference voltage end of the preamplifier circuit (3), a non-inverting input end of the third operational amplifier U4 and a non-inverting input end of the fourth operational amplifier U5 respectively.
9. The method for detecting the partial discharge of the high-voltage switch cabinet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the controller (5) is an STM32F469 singlechip.
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