CN110749945A - 一种光学薄膜、结构色颜料及光学薄膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种光学薄膜、结构色颜料及光学薄膜的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110749945A CN110749945A CN201910926160.1A CN201910926160A CN110749945A CN 110749945 A CN110749945 A CN 110749945A CN 201910926160 A CN201910926160 A CN 201910926160A CN 110749945 A CN110749945 A CN 110749945A
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- film
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- refractive index
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种光学薄膜、结构色颜料及光学薄膜的制备方法,所述光学薄膜包括:高低两种折射率交替且层叠设置的多层膜层,所述多层膜层包括一中间膜层;其中,所述中间膜层以及位于所述中间膜层一侧的其他膜层中具有相同折射率的膜层的光学厚度不相同或不完全相同。通过上述方式,本申请能够提高光学薄膜的亮度。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及光学薄膜技术领域,特别是涉及一种光学薄膜、结构色颜料及光学薄膜的制备方法。
背景技术
结构色,又称物理色,是一种由光波长尺度的微纳结构与光相互作用形成干涉、衍射或散射而产生颜色的物理生色效应。结构色颜料作为新一代颜料,具有高亮度、高色彩饱和度、无毒、不褪色、耐高温、环保等一系列重要的优点。
本申请的发明人在长期研究过程中发现,现有的结构色颜料存在亮度不高的问题。
发明内容
本申请主要解决的技术问题是提供一种光学薄膜、结构色颜料及光学薄膜的制备方法,能够提高光学薄膜的亮度,达到反射率R>80%。
为解决上述技术问题,本申请采用的一个技术方案是:提供一种光学薄膜,用于形成结构色颜料,所述光学薄膜包括:高低两种折射率交替且层叠设置的多层膜层,所述多层膜层包括一中间膜层;其中,所述中间膜层以及位于所述中间膜层一侧的其他膜层中具有相同折射率的膜层的光学厚度不相同或不完全相同。
为解决上述技术问题,本申请采用的另一个技术方案是:提供一种结构色颜料,所述结构色颜料为上述任一实施例中所述的光学薄膜的碎片,每一所述碎片的膜层的总层数与所述光学薄膜的总层数相同,每一所述碎片的膜层的光学性质与所述光学薄膜的光学性质相同。
为解决上述技术问题,本申请采用的又一个技术方案是:提供一种光学薄膜的制备方法,所述光学薄膜用于形成结构色颜料,所述制备方法包括:在基底上形成光学薄膜,其中,所述光学薄膜包括高低两种折射率交替且层叠设置的多层膜层,所述多层膜层包括一中间膜层;所述中间膜层以及位于所述中间膜层一侧的其他膜层中具有相同折射率的膜层的光学厚度不相同或不完全相同。
本申请的有益效果是:区别于现有技术的情况,本申请所提供的光学薄膜中包括高低两种折射率交替且层叠设置的多层膜层,且该多层膜设计方式有利于增加可见光的反射效果,进而能够增加光学薄膜的亮度,使得后续由该光学薄膜形成的结构色颜料的亮度提高。此外,该光学薄膜中中间膜层以及位于中间膜层一侧的其他膜层中具有相同折射率的膜层的光学厚度不相同或不完全相同,该方式可以使得光学薄膜的结构更为多样,且颜色更为鲜艳。
此外,本申请所提供的光学薄膜可以不含吸收光的材质,对光的反射率可接近100%,因此,可以进一步提高亮度以及颜色鲜艳度。此外,本申请所提供的光学薄膜的材质,如果不含单质金属,可以降低环境污染,且降低成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。其中:
图1为本申请光学薄膜一实施方式的结构示意图;
图2为本申请光学薄膜的制备方法一实施方式的流程示意图;
图3为实施例一中光学薄膜分光光谱曲线示意图;
图4为实施例二中光学薄膜分光光谱曲线示意图;
图5为实施例三中光学薄膜分光光谱曲线示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性的劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
基于光学薄膜的结构色颜料目前可以分为两大类:变色龙颜料和全向色颜料。其中,变色龙颜料在不同角度观察时颜色不同,例如,人民币上“100”字样;全向色颜料在不同角度观察时颜色接近、变化较小。
基于光学薄膜的结构色颜料产生颜色的原理与珠光颜料原理类似。当某束光入射到光学薄膜上,遇到第一层界面时,入射光中的部分光束以某种角度反射回来,而另一部分光束则发生折射;当折射的光线碰到第二层界面时,以另一角度强度及位相反射到第一层界面上,并继续折射。最终出来的反射光的颜色因膜层数、膜层的厚度、膜层的折射率等不同而不同,由某波段的光的相干增强或相消减弱而决定。
下面请参阅图1,图1为本申请光学薄膜一实施方式的结构示意图。该光学薄膜用于形成结构色颜料,该光学薄膜包括:高低两种折射率交替且层叠设置的多层膜层,多层膜层包括一中间膜层10,光学薄膜中的多层膜层的层数为奇数,可以为3-30层,例如,3层、5层、7层、9层等,其折射率可以以高折射率-低折射率-高折射率的方式依次排布,或者,其折射率可以以低折射率-高折射率-低折射率的方式依次排布。此外,在本实施例中,上述光学薄膜中的中间膜层10以及位于中间膜层10一侧的其他膜层12中具有相同折射率的膜层的光学厚度不相同;例如,当该光学薄膜中的中间膜层10以及位于中间膜层10一侧的其他膜层12中具有高折射率/低折射率的膜层层数大于等于2时,该高折射率膜层/低折射率膜层的光学厚度各不相同。当然,上述光学薄膜中的中间膜层10以及位于中间膜层10一侧的其他膜层12中具有相同折射率的膜层的光学厚度也可以不完全相同;例如,当该光学薄膜中的中间膜层10以及位于中间膜层10一侧的其他膜层12中具有高折射率/低折射率的膜层层数为3时,该高折射率/低折射率膜层中有2层膜层的光学厚度相同。
该光学薄膜中中间膜层10以及位于中间膜层10一侧的其他膜层12中具有相同折射率的膜层的光学厚度各不相同或者不完全相同,该方式可以使得光学薄膜的结构更为多样,且颜色更为鲜艳。
在一个实施方式中,上述中间膜层10两侧的其他膜层可以关于中间膜层10非对称设置,中间膜层10两侧的对应位置处的膜层的光学厚度和/或折射率可以完全不同。例如,如图1中所示,与中间膜层10紧邻的两个第一膜层14a、14b,两个第一膜层14a、14b的光学厚度和/或折射率可以不同;依此类推,与中间膜层10第二个、第三个…靠近的两个膜层的光学厚度和/或折射率可以不同。该设计方式可以使得光学薄膜两边可以反射不同颜色的光。当将光学薄膜粉碎为片状颗粒后进行混合时,可以产生两种颜色的复合颜色,增加了色域的宽度,该方法是一个产生第三颜色极有效且简便的策略。
在一个实施方式中,本申请所提供的光学薄膜中中间膜层10以及位于中间膜层10一侧的其他膜层12的光学厚度各不相同,即该光学薄膜中所有膜层的光学厚度均不相同。该设计方式可以使得光学薄膜的结构更为多样,且颜色更为鲜艳。
在一个应用场景中,上述中间膜层10两侧的其他膜层关于中间膜层对称设置,该对称设置方式有利于增加可见光的反射效果,进而能够增加光学薄膜的亮度,进而使得后续由该光学薄膜形成的结构色颜料的亮度提高。光学薄膜以公式形式表述如下:a1H a2La3H a4L……a4L a3H a2L a1H,上述H代表高折射率膜层,且光学厚度为1/4λH,L代表低折射率膜层,且光学厚度为1/4λL,a1、a2、a3、a4…为系数。上述a2、a3、a4…取值范围为0.1-5,a1的取值范围为0,或,0.1-5。其中,中间膜层10以及位于中间膜层10一侧的其他膜层12中的具有相同折射率的a1、a3…不相同或者不完全相同,进一步,中间膜层10以及位于中间膜层10一侧的其他膜层12的a1、a2、a3、a4…均不相同。优选地,上述a1、a2、a3、a4…均不为1。
在一个应用场景中,低折射率膜层的光学厚度中的最小值大于高折射率膜层的光学厚度中的最大值。该设计方式可以进一步降低成本。
在又一个应用场景中,光学薄膜中高折射率膜层的光学厚度大于等于30纳米且小于等于1000纳米(例如,30纳米、100纳米、200纳米、300纳米、700纳米、900纳米等),低折射率膜层的光学厚度大于等于40纳米且小于等于1000纳米(例如,40纳米、150纳米、250纳米、400纳米、800纳米、1000纳米等)。
在又一个应用场景中,上述光学膜层中的中间膜层为低折射率膜层,该设计方式相比中间膜层为高折射率膜层而言,成本降低。当然,中间膜层也可为高折射率膜层。该中间膜层的材质可以为单质或者化合物,其中,单质包括以下至少一种:碳、硅、锗、铝、镍、钛、铬、钨、金、银、铂、钯;化合物包括以下至少一种:氧化物、氟化物、硫化物、氢氧化物、氮化物、碳化物、氯化物。氧化物可以是一氧化硅、二氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化铝、氧化钽、氧化铪等;氟化物可以是氟化镁、氟化钙、六氟化铝酸钠等;硫化物可以是硫化锌、硫化镉等;氢氧化物可以是氢氧化铝、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙等;氮化物可以是氮化钾、氮化铝、氮化硼等;碳化物可以是碳化硅、碳化铬等;氯化物可以是氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙等。
当光学薄膜的膜层总数为7时,光学薄膜为红色系光学薄膜,光学薄膜从第一层至第七层分别为:90-315纳米(例如,90纳米、200纳米、315纳米等)光学厚度的高折射率膜层、70-220纳米(例如,70纳米、140纳米、220纳米等)光学厚度的低折射率膜层、67-270纳米(例如,67纳米、150纳米、270纳米等)光学厚度的高折射率膜层、130-260纳米(例如,130纳米、190纳米、260纳米等)光学厚度的低折射率膜层、67-270纳米(例如,67纳米、150纳米、270纳米等)光学厚度的高折射率膜层、70-220纳米(例如,70纳米、140纳米、220纳米等)光学厚度的低折射率膜层、90-315纳米(例如,90纳米、200纳米、315纳米等)光学厚度的高折射率膜层;或,
光学薄膜为绿色系光学薄膜,光学薄膜从第一层至第七层分别为:270-450纳米(例如,270纳米、350纳米、450纳米等)光学厚度的高折射率膜层、340-460纳米(例如,340纳米400纳米、460纳米等)光学厚度的低折射率膜层、315-490纳米(例如,315纳米、400纳米、490纳米等)光学厚度的高折射率膜层、333-450纳米(例如,333纳米、395纳米、450纳米等)光学厚度的低折射率膜层、315-490纳米(例如,315纳米、400纳米、490纳米等)光学厚度的高折射率膜层、340-460纳米(例如,340纳米400纳米、460纳米等)光学厚度的低折射率膜层、270-450纳米(例如,270纳米、350纳米、450纳米等)光学厚度的高折射率膜层;或,
光学薄膜为蓝色系光学薄膜,光学薄膜从第一层至第七层分别为:60-230纳米(例如,60纳米、150纳米、230纳米等)光学厚度的高折射率膜层、40-220纳米(例如,40纳米、130纳米、220纳米等)光学厚度的低折射率膜层、60-230纳米(例如,60纳米、150纳米、230纳米等)光学厚度的高折射率膜层、40-180纳米(例如,40纳米、110纳米、180纳米等)光学厚度的低折射率膜层、60-230纳米(例如,60纳米、150纳米、230纳米等)光学厚度的高折射率膜层、40-220纳米(例如,40纳米、130纳米、220纳米等)光学厚度的低折射率膜层、60-230纳米(例如,60纳米、150纳米、230纳米等)光学厚度的高折射率膜层。
在其他实施例中,光学薄膜的总层数也可为3,此时可去除与中间膜层10两侧紧邻的四层膜层;当然,光学膜层的总层数也可为5,此时可去除最外侧的两层膜层;光学膜层的总层数也可为9,此时,可在两侧的最外侧分别增加一层膜层。光学薄膜所包含的具体膜层数量、各膜层的材质和折射率、各膜层的厚度等参数可根据实际情况自行设定,以充分提高光学薄膜的适应能力和应用广泛性。
在又一个实施方式中,本申请中高折射率膜层与低折射率膜层的折射率的差值大于等于0.2,例如,0.2、0.4、0.9等,该设计方式可以使得所形成的光学薄膜的颜色的亮度和鲜艳度更好,且所形成的光学薄膜的反射率大于等于80%,从而使得光学薄膜的亮度更高。
在本实施例中,光学薄膜中膜层的材质为化合物,其材质不包含单质金属,可以降低环境污染,且降低成本;此外,由于化合物不吸收光,对光的反射率可接近100%,因此,可以进一步提高亮度以及颜色鲜艳度。上述高折射率膜层的材质包括氧化物或硫化物,其中氧化物包括氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化铝、氧化钽、氧化铪中至少一种,硫化物包括硫化锌;低折射率膜层的材质包括:氧化硅、氟化镁、氟化钙、六氟化铝酸钠中至少一种。
此外,在本实施例中,本申请所提供的光学薄膜中还可包括基底,基底可以是玻璃、塑料、金属等,该基底可以覆盖至少一个层叠方向上处于最外侧的膜层;即光学薄膜的结构可以为基底-多层膜层,或者基底-多层膜层-基底。
本申请还提供了一种结构色颜料,该结构色颜料为上述任一实施例中的光学薄膜的碎片,每一碎片的膜层的总层数与光学薄膜的总层数相同,每一碎片的膜层的光学性质与光学薄膜的光学性质相同。
在一个应用场景中,可以将光学薄膜利用超声粉碎的方法形成微米级的碎片,进而得到结构色颜料。
进一步,还可将得到的结构色颜料按预设质量比与粘性溶液进行物理混合,搅拌均匀,进而得到包含结构色颜料的涂料。其中,粘性溶液可以为光学环氧胶等。结构色颜料的质量占涂料总质量的1%-70%,例如,1%、3%、35%、55%、70%等。
请一并参阅图1和图2,图2为本申请光学薄膜的制备方法一实施方式的流程示意图,该制备方法包括:
S101:在基底上形成光学薄膜,其中,光学薄膜包括高低两种折射率交替且层叠设置的多层膜层,多层膜层包括一中间膜层10;中间膜层10以及位于中间膜层10一侧的其他膜层12中具有相同折射率的膜层的光学厚度不相同或不完全相同。
具体地,该基底可以为透明玻璃基板、聚乙烯硬塑料等。另外,上述步骤S101的实现方式可以为:采用真空蒸镀等方式在基底上依次形成多层层叠设置的膜层,且在形成膜层的同时可以监控正在形成的膜层的光学厚度,以使得形成的光学厚度满足要求。
在一个实施方式中,上述步骤S101之后,本申请所提供的制备方法还包括:剥离基底。具体地,在上述步骤S101之前,可在基底表面涂覆一层脱膜剂(例如,氯化钠等)。上述剥离基底的过程可以为将步骤S101形成的整体放入剥离液中进行脱膜处理。
当然,在其他实施方式中,上述基底也可不进行剥离,本申请对此不作限定。
下面,给出几种具体的实施例,以对本申请所提供的光学薄膜作进一步说明。
实施例一:
该光学薄膜包含7层膜层,每层对应的光学厚度和材质如下表1所示。其中,低折射率膜层的材质均为SiO2,高折射率膜层的材质为TiO2,。
首先,通过色彩分析仪检测获得该光学薄膜的颜色坐标为:x:0.15、y:0.13,该颜色坐标表明该光学薄膜为蓝色系光学薄膜。
其次,通过分光光谱仪检测获得该光学薄膜的分光光谱曲线,如图3所示,图3为实施例一中光学薄膜分光光谱曲线示意图。从图中可以看出,最大反射波长在400nm左右,说明该光学薄膜为蓝色系光学薄膜,且最大反射率接近90%。
表1:光学薄膜每层膜层的材质和光学厚度表
膜层材质 | 膜层光学厚度(nm) | |
第一层 | TiO<sub>2</sub> | 72 |
第二层 | SiO<sub>2</sub> | 102 |
第三层 | TiO<sub>2</sub> | 112 |
第四层(中间层) | SiO<sub>2</sub> | 110 |
第五层 | TiO<sub>2</sub> | 112 |
第六层 | SiO<sub>2</sub> | 102 |
第七层 | TiO<sub>2</sub> | 72 |
实施例二:
该光学薄膜包含7层膜层,每层对应的光学厚度和材质如下表2所示。其中,低折射率膜层的材质均为SiO2,高折射率膜层的材质为TiO2。
首先,通过色彩分析仪检测获得该光学薄膜的颜色坐标为:x:0.23、y:0.49,该颜色坐标表明该光学薄膜为绿色系光学薄膜。
其次,通过分光光谱仪检测获得该光学薄膜的分光光谱曲线,如图4所示,图4为实施例二中光学薄膜分光光谱曲线示意图。从图中可以看出,最大反射波长在530nm左右,说明该光学薄膜为绿色系光学薄膜;且最大反射率接近90%。
表2:光学薄膜每层膜层的材质和光学厚度表
膜层材质 | 膜层光学厚度(nm) | |
第一层 | TiO<sub>2</sub> | 364 |
第二层 | SiO<sub>2</sub> | 407 |
第三层 | TiO<sub>2</sub> | 414 |
第四层(中间层) | SiO<sub>2</sub> | 390 |
第五层 | TiO<sub>2</sub> | 414 |
第六层 | SiO<sub>2</sub> | 407 |
第七层 | TiO<sub>2</sub> | 364 |
实施例三:
该光学薄膜包含7层膜层,每层对应的光学厚度和材质如下表3所示。其中,低折射率膜层的材质均为SiO2,高折射率膜层的材质为TiO2。
首先,通过色彩分析仪检测获得该光学薄膜的颜色坐标为:x:0.54、y:0.29,该颜色坐标表明该光学薄膜为绿色系光学薄膜。
其次,通过分光光谱仪检测获得该光学薄膜的分光光谱曲线,如图5所示,图5为实施例三中光学薄膜分光光谱曲线示意图。从图中可以看出,最大反射波长在730nm左右,说明该光学薄膜为红色系光学薄膜;且最大反射率接近90%。
表3:光学薄膜每层膜层的材质和光学厚度表
膜层材质 | 膜层光学厚度(nm) | |
第一层 | TiO<sub>2</sub> | 223 |
第二层 | SiO<sub>2</sub> | 162 |
第三层 | TiO<sub>2</sub> | 171 |
第四层(中间层) | SiO<sub>2</sub> | 194 |
第五层 | TiO<sub>2</sub> | 171 |
第六层 | SiO<sub>2</sub> | 162 |
第七层 | TiO<sub>2</sub> | 223 |
以上所述仅为本申请的实施方式,并非因此限制本申请的专利范围,凡是利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种光学薄膜,用于形成结构色颜料,其特征在于,所述光学薄膜包括:
高低两种折射率交替且层叠设置的多层膜层,所述多层膜层包括一中间膜层;
其中,所述中间膜层以及位于所述中间膜层一侧的其他膜层中具有相同折射率的膜层的光学厚度不相同或不完全相同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光学薄膜,其特征在于,
所述中间膜层以及位于所述中间膜层一侧的其他膜层的光学厚度各不相同;和/或,
高折射率膜层与低折射率膜层的折射率的差值大于等于0.2。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的光学薄膜,其特征在于,
所述中间膜层两侧的其他膜层关于所述中间膜层非对称设置,所述中间膜层两侧的对应位置处的膜层的光学厚度和/或折射率完全不同。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的光学薄膜,其特征在于,
所述中间膜层两侧的其他膜层关于所述中间膜层对称设置,所述光学薄膜的膜系特征为:a1H a2La3H a4L……a4La3H a2La1H;
其中,H代表高折射率膜层,且光学厚度为1/4λH;L代表低折射率膜层,且光学厚度为1/4λL,a1、a2、a3、a4…为系数,a2、a3、a4…的取值范围为0.1-5,a1的取值为0或0.1-5。
5.根据权利要求4所述的光学薄膜,其特征在于,
所述光学薄膜中高折射率膜层的光学厚度大于等于30纳米且小于等于1000纳米,低折射率膜层的光学厚度大于等于40纳米且小于等于1000纳米,和/或,所述光学薄膜中膜层的层数可以是3-30层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的光学薄膜,其特征在于,
所述中间膜层为低折射率膜层或高折射率膜层;和/或,
所述中间膜层的材质为单质或者化合物;其中,所述单质包括以下至少一种:碳、硅、锗、铝、镍、钛、铬、钨、金、银、铂、钯;所述化合物包括以下至少一种:氧化物、氟化物、硫化物、氢氧化物、氮化物、碳化物、氯化物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的光学薄膜,其特征在于,
所述光学薄膜的膜层总数为7;
其中,所述光学薄膜为红色系光学薄膜,所述光学薄膜从第一层至第七层分别为:90-315纳米光学厚度的高折射率膜层、70-220纳米光学厚度的低折射率膜层、67-270纳米光学厚度的高折射率膜层、130-260纳米光学厚度的低折射率膜层、67-270纳米光学厚度的高折射率膜层、70-220纳米光学厚度的低折射率膜层、90-315纳米光学厚度的高折射率膜层;或,
所述光学薄膜为绿色系光学薄膜,所述光学薄膜从第一层至第七层分别为:270-450纳米光学厚度的高折射率膜层、340-460纳米光学厚度的低折射率膜层、315-490纳米光学厚度的高折射率膜层、333-450纳米光学厚度的低折射率膜层、315-490纳米光学厚度的高折射率膜层、340-460纳米光学厚度的低折射率膜层、270-450纳米光学厚度的高折射率膜层;或,
所述光学薄膜为蓝色系光学薄膜,所述光学薄膜从第一层至第七层分别为:60-230纳米光学厚度的高折射率膜层、40-220纳米光学厚度的低折射率膜层、60-230纳米光学厚度的高折射率膜层、40-180纳米光学厚度的低折射率膜层、60-230纳米光学厚度的高折射率膜层、40-220纳米光学厚度的低折射率膜层、60-230纳米光学厚度的高折射率膜层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的光学薄膜,其特征在于,
所述光学薄膜中的膜层的材质为化合物,其中,高折射率膜层的材质包括氧化物或硫化物,所述氧化物包括氧化钛、氧化锆氧化铝、氧化钽、氧化铪中至少一种,所述硫化物包括硫化锌;低折射率膜层的材质包括:一氧化硅、二氧化硅、氟化镁、氟化钙、六氟化铝酸钠中至少一种。
9.一种结构色颜料,其特征在于,所述结构色颜料为如上述权利要求1-8任一项所述的光学薄膜的碎片,每一所述碎片的膜层的总层数与所述光学薄膜的总层数相同,每一所述碎片的膜层的光学性质与所述光学薄膜的光学性质相同。
10.一种光学薄膜的制备方法,所述光学薄膜用于形成结构色颜料,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括:
在基底上形成光学薄膜,其中,所述光学薄膜包括高低两种折射率交替且层叠设置的多层膜层,所述多层膜层包括一中间膜层;所述中间膜层以及位于所述中间膜层一侧的其他膜层中具有相同折射率的膜层的光学厚度不相同或不完全相同。
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