CN110604078A - 池塘种植鱼腥草修复无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼肝脏损伤的方法 - Google Patents
池塘种植鱼腥草修复无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼肝脏损伤的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种池塘种植鱼腥草修复无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼肝脏损伤的方法,它包括以下步骤:在池塘水面上制作浮床并种植鱼腥草;对罗非鱼感染前以及在罗非鱼感染后的多个时间点对罗非鱼进行肝脏采集并进行肝脏生化、抗氧化性能、组织病理和HSP70指标检测;对数据进行比较。本发明能改善链球菌感染所造成罗非鱼肝AST、ALT上升,减缓链球菌感染引起T‑AOC下降,增加肝脏中SOD、GSH‑PX、CAT和NOS等抗氧化酶的活性,减少脂质过氧化MDA的产生、促进受损蛋白的降解与清除,显著减轻无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼的病理损伤。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种池塘种植鱼腥草修复无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼肝脏损伤的方法,本发明属于水产养殖技术领域。
背景技术
我国是罗非鱼(Oreochromis spp.)产量和出口量最大的国家,随着集约化程度的提高,鱼类受到缺氧、高温等环境应激的影响,可导致鱼体免疫应答受到抑制并易于感染病原菌。有研究表明,池塘水环境因子的波动引起的应激和链球菌病的暴发密切相关。因此,改善池塘养殖环境显得尤为重要。目前,罗非鱼养殖户通过水面种植空心菜、药用植物等,池塘中混养凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)、鳙(Aristichys nobilis )等方式,提高水体自净能力,减少高浓度氨氮、亚硝酸盐和病原菌胁迫,减少鱼体发病率和死亡率。中草药在水产养殖中具有替代抗生素和免疫预防剂的潜力,它们可以整株或部分(叶或根)或提取物化合物或饲料添加剂的形式,单独或与益生菌或其他免疫刺激剂混合使用。鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata)为三白草科蕺菜属植物,含有生物碱、黄酮类、精油和多糖等免疫活性物质,具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种药理活性。史丽娜等研究表明鱼腥草浮床可较好促进罗非鱼池塘水体的自净功能,提高罗非鱼非特异免疫能力和成活率。郑尧等发现养殖池塘水面种植鱼腥草能显著增强养殖吉富罗非鱼(O. niloticus GIFT strain)胆汁中IgM、TRF、TNF-α、EGF等免疫因子的活性,并降低吉富罗非鱼感染链球菌的几率。
鱼类肝脏是鱼体内重要的代谢器官,参与体内的消化、代谢、排泄、解毒及免疫等功能,对鱼体生长和健康至关重要。鱼体内的抗氧化防御系统包含酶促和非酶促两个体系,酶促体系包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化酶,保护细胞和细胞膜免受氧化损伤。氧化应激会引起宿主炎症反应,造成组织损伤和疾病,组织切片技术是观察鱼体组织病理变化的重要方法。研究发现热休克蛋白70(HSP70)作为一种非特异性的细胞内源性保护蛋白,在防止应激引起的细胞损害,使受损的细胞恢复等方面发挥重要作用。前期研究已表明养殖池塘种植鱼腥草可显著降低罗非鱼人工感染无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)后的死亡率,推荐鱼腥草的最佳种植比例为10%,但其机制尚不完全清楚。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中存在的不足,提供一种对无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼肝脏损伤有一定的修复效果、并能提高罗非鱼抵御链球菌感染的能力的方法。
按照本发明提供的技术方案,所述池塘种植鱼腥草修复无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼肝脏损伤的方法包括以下步骤:
a、在罗非鱼养殖池塘水面上制作浮床,在浮床上种植鱼腥草,鱼腥草的根系伸入养殖池塘水中,控制鱼腥草的种植面积为养殖池塘水面面积的5~15%;
b、罗非鱼养殖90d后,对罗非鱼进行肝脏采集并进行肝脏生化、抗氧化性能、组织病理和HSP70指标检测,采集后对罗非鱼立即进行无乳链球菌人工感染;
c、在罗非鱼感染后的多个时间点对罗非鱼进行肝脏采集并进行肝脏生化、抗氧化性能、组织病理和HSP70指标检测;
d、对步骤b得到的肝脏生化、抗氧化性能、组织病理和HSP70数据和步骤c得到的肝脏生化、抗氧化性能、组织病理和HSP70数据进行比较,以显示池塘种植鱼腥草修复无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼肝脏损伤的效果。
作为优选,所述鱼腥草株高为10~25 cm,鱼腥草的种植间距为10~30 cm。
作为优选,所述浮床由聚氯乙烯管制作而成,浮床大小为1~4m×1~4m。
作为优选,所述步骤b和步骤c中的肝脏生化至少包括AST指标与ALT指标。
作为优选,所述步骤b和步骤c中的抗氧化性能至少包括T-AOC指标、SOD指标、GSH-PX指标、CAT指标、NOS指标和MDA指标。
本发明具有以下优点:
1、本发明能显著改善链球菌感染所造成罗非鱼肝AST、ALT上升,保护罗非鱼肝脏抗拒急性肝损伤;
2、本发明可以提高罗非鱼抗氧化应激能力,减缓链球菌感染引起T-AOC下降,显著增加肝脏中SOD、GSH-PX、CAT和 NOS等抗氧化酶的活性,增加自由基清除能力,减少脂质过氧化MDA的产生,对无乳链球菌诱导的急性氧化应激损伤具有保护作用;
3、本发明能显著减轻链球菌感染引起罗非鱼的病理损伤;
4、本发明实施后,罗非鱼通过肝脏HSP70高表达参与受损多肽的重新折叠,促进受损蛋白的降解与清除。
附图说明
图1 为本发明不同鱼腥草组罗非鱼感染无乳链球菌后肝脏谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的变化图。
图2 为本发明不同鱼腥草组罗非鱼感染无乳链球菌后肝脏谷草转氨酶(AST)的变化图。
图3 为本发明不同鱼腥草组吉富罗非鱼感染无乳链球菌后肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的变化图。
图4 为本发明不同鱼腥草组吉富罗非鱼感染无乳链球菌后肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的变化图。
图5为本发明不同鱼腥草组吉富罗非鱼感染无乳链球菌后肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力的变化图。
图6为本发明不同鱼腥草组吉富罗非鱼感染无乳链球菌后肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力的变化图。
图7为本发明不同鱼腥草组吉富罗非鱼感染无乳链球菌后肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化图。
图8为本发明不同鱼腥草组吉富罗非鱼感染无乳链球菌后肝脏一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力的变化图。
图9为本发明池塘种植鱼腥草对感染无乳链球菌后吉富罗非鱼肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达量的影响图。
图10是0%面积组感染0h后的罗非鱼肝脏病理图。
图11是0%面积组感染48h后的罗非鱼肝脏病理图。
图12是5%面积组感染0h后的罗非鱼肝脏病理图。
图13是5%面积组感染48h后的罗非鱼肝脏病理图。
图14是10%面积组感染0h后的罗非鱼肝脏病理图。
图15是10%面积组感染48h后的罗非鱼肝脏病理图。
图16是15%面积组感染0h后的罗非鱼肝脏病理图。
图17是15%面积组感染48h后的罗非鱼肝脏病理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
在罗非鱼养殖池塘水面上用聚氯乙烯(PVC管)制成的浮床上种植鱼腥草,鱼腥草种植面积为池塘面积的0%(对照组)、5%面积组、10%面积组、15%面积组。所述的浮床大小为2 m×2 m,鱼腥草株高为20 cm,间距为20 cm。养殖90 d后进行无乳链球菌人工感染,分别在感染后0h、24h、48h和72 h采集肝脏,进行肝脏生化、抗氧化性能、组织病理和HSP70指标检测。
图1和图2显示感染后48h和72 h对照组肝脏ALT和AST活力最高,种植鱼腥草各组ALT(谷丙转氨酶)活力在感染前后都没有显著性变化,感染后72h的10%面积组AST(谷草转氨酶)活力已恢复到感染前水平。
图3和图4显示感染前各组之间罗非鱼T-AOC(总氧化能力)活力没有显著性差异,对照组罗非鱼感染后48h肝脏T-AOC活力显著性降低。15%面积组的罗非鱼肝脏SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活力在感染后48h显著性升高。
图5和图6显示对照组罗非鱼肝脏GSH-PX(谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)活力在感染前后无显著性变化,种植鱼腥草可提高肝脏抗氧化能力,表现为5%面积、10%面积和15%面积组罗非鱼肝脏GSH-PX活力分别在感染后72h、24h和48h显著上升,10%面积组和15%面积组罗非鱼肝脏CAT(过氧化氢酶)活力感染后72h显著升高。
图7和图8显示感染后72h各组罗非鱼MDA(丙二醛)含量都显著性高于感染前,说明链球菌感染造成了鱼体氧化损伤;但鱼腥草种植组吉富罗非鱼肝脏MDA含量显著性低于对照组,说明种植鱼腥草具有抗脂质过氧化活性。感染前各组之间罗非鱼肝脏NOS(一氧化氮合酶)活力没有显著性差异,10%面积组的罗非鱼肝脏NOS活力在感染后48h显著升高。
图9显示各组罗非鱼肝脏HSP70分别在感染后24h、48h、72h后显著性升高,但只有对照组在感染后维持逐渐增高的趋势。HSP70的升高有助于促进变性蛋白的重新折叠,并靶向降解受损蛋白,有利于保护或促进受损蛋白质的早期修复。感染后各时间点对照组的HSP70表达量都显著高于鱼腥草种植组;感染后72h的10%面积组显著性高于5%面积组和15%面积组。
图1至图9中不同大写字母表示同一鱼腥草种植面积罗非鱼在感染后不相同时间点差异显著(P<0.05),相同大写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05);图中不同小写字母表示不同鱼腥草种植面积罗非鱼在感染后相同时间点差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。
从图10和图11的对照可以看出,图11中肝窦明显淤血(白色箭头),肝索排列紊乱,肝细胞脂肪变性(黑色箭头)。
从图12和图13的对照可以看出,图13中肝脏感染后48h肝细胞胞浆明显嗜酸 (白色箭头),肝窦轻度扩张(黑色箭头)。
从图14和图15的对照可以看出,图15中肝细胞胞浆嗜酸,肝窦轻度扩张(黑色箭头)。
从图16和图17的对照可以看出,肝细胞胞浆轻微嗜酸,肝窦轻度扩张(黑色箭头)。
从图11和图13、图15、图17的比较可以看出,未种植鱼腥草组罗非鱼感染后48 h肝脏表现出明显的病理损伤,而各种植鱼腥草组罗非鱼在感染后仅表现为肝细胞嗜酸,肝窦轻度扩张,未见明确炎症反应及组织坏死,说明池塘种植鱼腥草显著减轻了无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼的病理损伤。
Claims (5)
1.一种池塘种植鱼腥草修复无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼肝脏损伤的方法,其特征是该方法包括以下步骤:
a、在罗非鱼养殖池塘水面上制作浮床,在浮床上种植鱼腥草,鱼腥草的根系伸入养殖池塘水中,控制鱼腥草的种植面积为养殖池塘水面面积的5~15%;
b、罗非鱼养殖90d后,对罗非鱼进行肝脏采集并进行肝脏生化、抗氧化性能、组织病理和HSP70指标检测,采集后对罗非鱼立即进行无乳链球菌人工感染;
c、在罗非鱼感染后的多个时间点对罗非鱼进行肝脏采集并进行肝脏生化、抗氧化性能、组织病理和HSP70指标检测;
d、对步骤b得到的肝脏生化、抗氧化性能、组织病理和HSP70数据和步骤c得到的肝脏生化、抗氧化性能、组织病理和HSP70数据进行比较,以显示池塘种植鱼腥草修复无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼肝脏损伤的效果。
2. 如权利要求1所述的池塘种植鱼腥草修复无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼肝脏损伤的方法,其特征是:所述鱼腥草株高为10~25 cm,鱼腥草的种植间距为10~30 cm。
3.如权利要求1所述的池塘种植鱼腥草修复无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼肝脏损伤的方法,其特征是:所述浮床由聚氯乙烯管制作而成,浮床大小为1~4m×1~4m。
4.如权利要求1所述的池塘种植鱼腥草修复无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼肝脏损伤的方法,其特征是:所述步骤b和步骤c中的肝脏生化至少包括AST指标与ALT指标。
5.如权利要求1所述的池塘种植鱼腥草修复无乳链球菌感染引起罗非鱼肝脏损伤的方法,其特征是:所述步骤b和步骤c中的抗氧化性能至少包括T-AOC指标、SOD指标、GSH-PX指标、CAT指标、NOS指标和MDA指标。
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