CN110375944B - Method and device for detecting and analyzing bending ejection impact vibration of transverse steel wire rope - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting and analyzing bending ejection impact vibration of transverse steel wire rope Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting and analyzing bending ejection impact vibration of a transverse steel wire rope. The fixed vertical piles are divided into a left vertical pile and a right vertical pile, and are respectively used for fixing two ends of the steel wire rope, so that the distance between the vertical piles is larger than the length of the steel wire rope by about 1.5m, an installation space is reserved for a tension sensor and the like, the vertical piles are firmly fixed with the ground, and the pre-tightening force of the steel wire rope and the deformation and shaking of the vertical piles in the ejection process are met; the steel wire rope connecting piece is two special wedge-shaped blocks for the steel wire rope, the wedge-shaped blocks are respectively connected with rope heads at two ends of the steel wire rope, the wedge-shaped blocks can ensure that the steel wire rope is more and more tightened, and the rope heads in the ejection process are prevented from loosening. The invention develops a method and a device for detecting and analyzing bending ejection impact vibration of a transverse steel wire rope, which can realize the instant release ejection working condition of the steel wire rope under different pretightening forces and different bending angles, and detect and analyze the ejection tension of the steel wire rope and the fluctuation state and the transmission form of vibration on a rope string.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vibration detection and analysis, and particularly relates to a method and a device for detecting and analyzing bending ejection impact vibration of a transverse steel wire rope.
Background
The steel wire rope is twisted into strands by steel wires, then the strands are twisted into a whole rope, a typical twisted spiral structure enables the whole rope to have excellent tensile bending performance, the steel wire rope is widely applied to various engineering fields such as lifting, transportation and the like, and in some special fields such as road guardrails, warship arresting cables and the like, the steel wire rope is responsible for intercepting and decelerating moving components, and in the working process of the steel wire rope, the steel wire rope bears huge transverse collision impact, when a traffic accident happens to the rope type highway guardrails, vehicles directly collide the steel wire rope of the guardrails, and the impact speed is increased to 100 km/h; under the working condition of a blocking cable of an aircraft carrier, the instantaneous speed of a blocking steel wire rope for blocking an aircraft body can reach more than 200 km/h. The steel wire rope is bound to rebound after elastic impact, and the rebound force depends on the performance and the tensioning state of the steel wire rope and is related to the speed, the quality and the collision angle of the intercepted object. The resilience of the steel wire rope after collision is directly related to the stability and safety of other components lifted, fixed or intercepted by the steel wire rope. Therefore, the method and the device for detecting and analyzing the bending ejection performance of the steel wire rope are developed, the research on the tension fluctuation and the vibration mechanics response of the steel wire rope in the vibration process after the pre-tightening release is carried out, and the method and the device have important significance for searching the fluctuation state and the transmission form of the tension and the vibration of the steel wire rope on the rope string and further improving the running stability and the reliability of the steel wire rope structural member in the harsh impact application working condition.
At present, few researches on the detection of bending ejection impact vibration of a steel wire rope are carried out, and the similar ones are that a steel wire rope transverse space vibration measurement method is disclosed in the patent No. CN201710551454.1, and a steel wire rope centroid vibration track is obtained through computer processing after a high-speed camera collects steel wire rope vibration images, so that a non-contact measurement mode and an adjustable large detection range are realized, but fluctuation transmission of vibration and tension in the rope cannot be reflected, and bending pre-tightening is not carried out under the application working condition. The patent No. CN201410271323.4 discloses a dynamic friction transmission test device and method for a friction liner-hoisting steel wire rope, wherein the whole machine simulates the operation mode of a friction type hoisting machine, and a vibration excitation mechanism, the steel wire rope and a state monitoring mechanism can realize transverse and longitudinal vibration excitation, tension and vibration monitoring of a hoisting container. But the device is a steel wire rope winding motion and does not show instant release ejection.
The existing steel wire rope impact tension vibration device or method mainly has the following problems: (1) the detection method for the dynamic performance of the steel wire rope focuses on monitoring static single-point transverse vibration of a rope body, namely static analysis, and in the actual impact process, the impact vibration is dynamically transmitted along a rope string in the form of rope string waves, so that the wave transmission data in the whole rope cannot be obtained; (2) the application working condition is mostly a normal steady state operation process, and in the technical field, the aimed working condition is bent, pre-tightened and ejected, so that the steel wire rope has strong instantaneous dynamic characteristic, and the working condition of the steel wire rope is more complex compared with the working condition of steady state operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: according to the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to develop a method and a device for detecting and analyzing bending ejection impact vibration of a transverse steel wire rope, which can realize the instantaneous ejection working condition release of the steel wire rope under different pretightening forces and different bending angles, and detect and analyze the ejection tension of the steel wire rope and the fluctuation state and the transmission form of vibration on a rope string.
The technical scheme is as follows: the transverse steel wire rope bending ejection impact vibration device mainly comprises a fixed vertical pile, a steel wire rope connecting piece, a pre-tightening system, a bending and triggering system and a measuring system. The fixed vertical piles are divided into a left vertical pile and a right vertical pile, and are respectively used for fixing two ends of the steel wire rope, so that the distance between the vertical piles is larger than the length of the steel wire rope by about 1.5m, an installation space is reserved for a tension sensor and the like, the vertical piles are firmly fixed with the ground, and the pre-tightening force of the steel wire rope and the deformation and shaking of the vertical piles in the ejection process are met; the steel wire rope connecting piece is two special wedge-shaped blocks for the steel wire rope, the wedge-shaped blocks are respectively connected with rope heads at two ends of the steel wire rope, the wedge-shaped blocks can ensure that the steel wire rope is more and more tightened, and the rope heads in the ejection process are prevented from loosening.
The pretension system includes the motor, take self-locking function's worm gear reduction gear, trapezoidal lead screw, thrust ball bearing, the rotatory worm that drives of control motor, the worm drives the turbine rotation, turbine and lead screw threaded connection, make the taut experimental wire rope of lead screw axial motion, wherein the worm wheel passes through thrust ball bearing and is supported rotatoryly by the left side grudging post, the system that awaits measuring shows that the wire rope pulling force reaches the predetermined value, the motor stall, trapezoidal lead screw has certain auto-lock ability on the one hand, on the other hand worm gear auto-lock, the worm wheel can not reverse drive the worm rotation promptly, make the tensile intertooth tooth frictional force of lead screw and worm gear of keeping sharing of wire rope pretension, and can not transmit driving motor and cause the overload: the worm gear pair has a coefficient of friction of not less than 0.06 and a helix angle (lead angle) <3 degrees, 29 minutes, 11 seconds.
The bending and triggering system comprises a set of vertical clamping and pressing screw rod and a special nut, wherein a triggering pin shaft is arranged in the middle of the special nut, the screw rod can rotate on a support through two pairs of tapered roller bearings to drive the nut to move along the vertical direction, the tapered roller bearings can bear axial and radial loads, the special nut is suitable for the working condition, the triggering pin shaft is arranged in the middle of the special nut, the pin shaft presses a steel wire rope downwards, so that clamping of different vertical positions of the steel wire rope is realized, a pin shaft ring is arranged, a hemp rope is sleeved in the ring, at least two hemp ropes are arranged, one hemp rope is used as a triggering rope and is connected with the triggering pin shaft and a force application unit, the other hemp rope is used as a protection rope, the triggering pin shaft and the support seat are connected, the distance of the protection rope is controlled within 1m when the pin shaft flies out, the triggering rope head, the double ropes at the connecting end of the trigger pin shaft can ensure the flying distance of the pin shaft in the drawing process so as to ensure the safety of operators or equipment. In order to avoid damage caused by instant pulling of the trigger pin away from the surface of the steel wire rope in a high-speed scraping mode, a nylon protective sleeve is wound at the maximum bending point of the steel wire rope, namely the contact area of the steel wire rope and the trigger pin.
The testing system comprises two-end tension sensors, three-way acceleration sensors and an acquisition and analysis system, wherein two sides of each tension sensor are respectively connected with a lifting ring through threaded fit, the lifting ring is connected with a vertical pile or a wedge block through a cylindrical pin, and the tension sensors on two sides respectively measure tension changes at two ends of a rope. The three-way acceleration sensors are fixedly connected to the left end, the right end and the middle point of the test steel wire rope through screw connections, in order to guarantee connection reliability, friction gaskets are directly padded between the three-way acceleration sensors and the steel wire rope, and the three-way acceleration sensors measure the moment when the shock transverse waves reach the measuring point. The high-speed camera is arranged on one side of the steel wire rope, the camera shooting frame rate is more than 1000fps, the high-speed camera is used for shooting impact vibration of the steel wire rope in the ejection releasing process, and the vibration displacement waveform of the steel wire rope is obtained through video analysis in the later stage.
Has the advantages that: according to the method and the device for detecting and analyzing the bending ejection impact vibration of the transverse steel wire rope, the steel wire rope is pre-tightened at different bending angles by adopting the spiral lead screw, and the use of two pairs of tapered roller bearings ensures the supporting strength in all directions; the triggering is instantaneous by adopting the matching of the triggering rope and the pin shaft, the ejection vibration after the steel wire rope is released is not influenced, and the safe and simple operation is ensured by adopting the triggering rope and the protection rope; the lead screw and the worm gear with self-locking function are adopted, so that quick loading and pretightening force maintenance are realized; the dynamic response of the steel wire rope is tested by adopting a comprehensive method of a tension sensor, a multi-point acceleration sensor and high-speed camera shooting, so that the real-time accurate detection and analysis of the tension vibration conduction process after the steel wire rope is bent, pre-tightened and ejected are realized.
Drawings
FIGS. 1 and 2 are views showing the structure of the present invention;
fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are diagrams illustrating the effect of the invention.
1. The device comprises a pre-tightening motor 2, a worm 3, a turbine 4, a thrust bearing 5, a left-side fixed vertical pile 6, a trapezoidal lead screw 7, a left-end tension sensor 8, a left-end three-way acceleration sensor 9, a high-speed camera 10, a supporting seat 11, a bending driving motor 12, a clamping lead screw 13, a midpoint three-way acceleration sensor 14, a steel wire rope 15, a fixed liner 16, a right-end three-way acceleration sensor 17, a steel wire rope wedge-shaped connecting block 18, a right-end tension sensor 19, an external thread lifting ring 20, a connecting pin 21, a right-side fixed vertical pile 22, a trigger pin shaft 23, a special nut 24, a nylon protective rope sleeve 25, a tapered roller bearing 26, a gasket 27
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the transverse steel wire rope bending ejection impact vibration device mainly comprises a fixed vertical pile, a steel wire rope connecting piece, a pre-tightening system, a bending and triggering system and a measuring system. The left side fixing vertical pile 5 and the right side fixing vertical pile 21 are used for supporting the whole steel wire rope mechanism, rope heads at two ends of a test steel wire rope 14 penetrate through a special wedge-shaped block 17 of the steel wire rope respectively, the wedge-shaped block is connected with tension sensors 7 and 18 through a cylindrical pin 20 and an external thread lifting ring 19 respectively in the left and right sides, the right side tension sensor is connected with the fixing vertical pile 21 through one set of cylindrical pin external thread lifting ring, the left side tension sensor is connected with a trapezoidal screw rod 6 through another set of cylindrical pin external thread lifting ring, all lifting rings form hinges, and the tension sensors are used for measuring. Trapezoidal lead screw passes 5 through-holes in left side grudging post and forms clearance fit, and trapezoidal lead screw 6 forms screw-thread fit with worm wheel 3 that has the internal thread hole, and worm wheel 3 passes through thrust ball bearing 4 and constitutes the revolute pair with fixed grudging post 5, and worm wheel 3 cooperates and is driven by motor 1 with worm 2. The supporting seat 10 is fixed on the ground and located at the middle point of the whole rope, the clamping pressure screw 12 is installed on the supporting seat 10 through two pairs of tapered roller bearings 25, the upper end of the clamping pressure screw 12 is connected with the bending driving motor 11, the lower end screw shaft shoulder is pressed on the supporting seat 10 through a gasket 26, and the bearing cover 27 is fixed on the supporting seat 10 through bolts and plays a role in protecting the bearing. The special nut 23 and the clamping screw 12 form a thread transmission pair, a pin hole is formed in the thread transmission pair, a belt ring trigger pin 22 is installed in the pin hole, the clamping screw 12 rotates to drive the special nut 23 to move up and down, and the trigger pin 22 presses the steel wire rope 14 to bend the steel wire rope. The trigger rope 28 and the protection rope 29 are fixed in the trigger pin shaft, the trigger rope 28 is connected with an external force application unit to take out the trigger pin shaft 22, the protection rope 29 is connected with the support seat 10 to protect the trigger pin shaft 22 from flying out to cause collision damage, and the nylon protection rope sleeve 24 is used for protecting the steel wire rope from being scratched in the process of taking out the trigger pin shaft. The three- way acceleration sensors 8, 13 and 16 are respectively fixed at the left end, the middle point and the right end of the steel wire rope through fixing pads 15 for measuring the time point of arrival of vibration, and the high-speed camera 12 is fixed at one side of the steel wire rope for measuring the vibration displacement of a certain point of the steel wire rope.
In the experiment, firstly, the trapezoidal lead screw 6 is adjusted through the pre-tightening motor 1 and the worm gears 2 and 3 to enable the steel wire rope 14 to be loosened, the steel wire rope 14 is placed on the lower side of the trigger pin shaft 22, the bending driving motor 11 is started to enable the trigger pin shaft to press the steel wire rope 14 downwards to a specified position and then to be stopped, and the angle between the steel wire rope and the horizontal line is measured. Starting an acquisition system to acquire and record the numerical values of the sensors in real time, then driving the worm gears 2 and 3 to rotate through the control motor 1, driving the trapezoidal lead screw to move leftwards to tighten the steel wire rope 14, stopping the machine after the tension of the tension sensors 7 and 18 reaches a preset tension, self-locking the lead screw and the worm gear to keep the tension of the steel wire rope, starting the high-speed camera 12 to record a video, quickly drawing away the trigger pin shaft 22 through the trigger rope 28, releasing ejection of the steel wire rope, and vibrating for about 10-20 s; and finally, stopping data acquisition after the values acquired by the tension and acceleration sensors are stable, and storing and analyzing the data.
Examples
The technical indexes are as follows:
sample preparation: a steel wire rope with the diameter of 8-12mm and the length of 5-10m
Pre-tension of the steel wire rope: 0-3t, adjustable;
ejection angle: 0-5 degrees and is adjustable;
tensile force analysis range: 0-10 t;
amplitude analysis range: 0- +/-30 mm.
The content of analysis in the patent is that the steel wire rope is pre-tightened for 1T and the included angle between the steel wire rope and the horizontal line is 2 degrees. A shot video screenshot of ejection vibration of the steel wire rope is shot by high-speed shooting, as shown in figure 3 (the position of the middle point), the vibration displacement obtained by video tracking processing is shown in figure 4, and it can be seen that the steel wire rope vibration after ejection is released to be uniform oscillation attenuation vibration, and the amplitude is uniform and interval. The tension signal of the steel wire rope collected by the tension sensor is plotted as figure 5, the tension on both sides of the steel wire rope instantly falls and attenuates, the steel wire rope basically recovers stably through the fluctuation process of 3-4s, the tension loss of the steel wire rope on both sides is about 80% of the original tension loss, the vibration signal collected by the acceleration sensor is plotted as figure 6, it can be seen that the middle sensor reaches the peak value faster than the left and right sides, and the transmission characteristic parameter of the ejection wave can be calculated according to the time difference of the occurrence of the peak value.
The obtained tension vibration conduction change rule after radial impact of the steel wire rope shows that the device and the monitoring and analyzing method have practical and effective implementation effect and higher application value.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a horizontal wire rope bending ejection impact vibration detection analytical equipment which characterized in that: the device comprises fixed vertical piles, a steel wire rope connecting piece, a pre-tightening system, a bending and triggering system and a measuring system, wherein rope heads at two ends of a steel wire rope are fixed on the fixed vertical piles at the left side and the right side through the steel wire rope connecting piece;
the pre-tightening system comprises a self-locking worm and gear reducer and a trapezoidal lead screw, the trapezoidal lead screw penetrates through a through hole in the left fixed vertical pile to form clearance fit with the through hole, the outer end of the trapezoidal lead screw is connected with the worm and gear reducer in a matched mode, and a worm gear of the worm and gear reducer forms a rotating pair with the left fixed vertical pile through a thrust ball bearing; the worm gear reducer is driven by a motor to drive the trapezoidal lead screw to axially rotate and strain the left end of the steel wire rope fixed on the trapezoidal lead screw;
the bending and triggering system is fixed on a supporting seat on the ground at the midpoint position of the whole rope and comprises a clamping and pressing screw rod and a special nut arranged at the upper part of the clamping and pressing screw rod, and a triggering pin shaft is arranged in the middle of the special nut; the clamping and pressing screw rod is rotatably arranged on the supporting seat through two pairs of tapered roller bearings, a screw rod shoulder at the lower end is propped against the supporting seat through a gasket, a thread transmission pair is formed by the upper end and a special nut, and a steel wire rope penetrates through the thread transmission pair; a pin hole is formed in the special nut, a belt ring trigger pin shaft is installed in the pin hole, a trigger rope is fixed in the ring of the belt ring trigger pin shaft, and the trigger rope is connected with an external force application unit and is responsible for pulling out the trigger pin shaft; the upper part of the clamping and pressing screw rod is connected with a bending driving motor, the clamping and pressing screw rod is driven to rotate so as to drive the specially-made nut to move up and down along the vertical direction, and the trigger pin shaft presses the steel wire rope to play a role in bending the steel wire rope;
the measuring system comprises two-end tension sensors, three-way acceleration sensors and a collecting and analyzing system:
each tension sensor is fixedly connected between the steel wire rope connecting piece and the fixed vertical pile and is used for measuring tension changes at two ends of the steel wire rope;
three-way acceleration sensors are fixedly connected to the left end, the right end and the middle point of the steel wire rope to form three measuring points correspondingly, and the time when the shock transverse wave reaches the three measuring points is measured;
the acquisition and analysis system is a high-speed camera and is arranged on one side of the steel wire rope to measure the vibration displacement of a certain point of the steel wire rope.
2. The transverse steel wire rope bending ejection impact vibration detection and analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fixed vertical pile comprises a left fixed vertical pile and a right fixed vertical pile which are oppositely arranged, the distance is 1.5m greater than the length of the steel wire rope, and the fixed vertical pile is firmly fixed with the ground.
3. The transverse steel wire rope bending ejection impact vibration detection and analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steel wire rope connecting piece is composed of two steel wire rope wedge-shaped connecting blocks, and rope heads at two ends of the steel wire rope respectively penetrate through the two steel wire rope wedge-shaped connecting blocks to be fixedly connected with the fixing vertical piles at two sides; wherein, the outer end of wire rope wedge connecting block passes through cylindric lock external screw thread rings and connects force sensor's one end, force sensor's the other end passes through cylindric lock external screw thread rings and connects the trapezoidal lead screw on the fixed pile in right side or the fixed pile in left side, and all rings all form the hinge.
4. The transverse steel wire rope bending ejection impact vibration detection and analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pre-tightening system comprises a motor, a worm gear and worm reducer, a trapezoidal lead screw and a thrust ball bearing, the motor is controlled to rotate to drive a worm, the worm drives a worm wheel to rotate, the worm wheel is in threaded connection with the trapezoidal lead screw, the trapezoidal lead screw axially moves to tighten the steel wire rope, the worm wheel is supported and rotated by a left-side stud through the thrust ball bearing, the system to be tested displays that the tension of the steel wire rope reaches a preset value, and the motor stops rotating.
5. The transverse steel wire rope bending ejection impact vibration detection and analysis device according to claim 4, characterized in that: after the motor stops rotating, the trapezoidal lead screw and the worm gear reducer are self-locked, and the worm gear can not reversely drive the worm to rotate; the self-locking condition of the worm gear reducer meets the following requirements: the friction coefficient of the worm gear pair is not lower than 0.06, and the helix angle is less than 3 degrees, 29 minutes and 11 seconds.
6. The transverse steel wire rope bending ejection impact vibration detection and analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: a protective rope connected with the supporting seat is further fixed in the triggering pin shaft ring, and the flying distance of the pin shaft is controlled within 1 m; and a nylon protective sleeve is wound at the maximum bending point of the steel wire rope, namely the contact area of the steel wire rope and the trigger pin shaft.
7. The transverse steel wire rope bending ejection impact vibration detection and analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-speed camera has an imaging frame rate of 1000fps or more.
8. The working method of the transverse steel wire rope bending ejection impact vibration detection and analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, a trapezoidal lead screw is adjusted through a motor and a worm gear to enable a steel wire rope to be loose, the steel wire rope is arranged on the lower side of a trigger pin shaft, a bending driving motor is started to enable the trigger pin shaft to press the steel wire rope to a specified position and then stop, and the angle between the steel wire rope and a horizontal line is measured; starting an acquisition system to acquire and record the numerical values of each sensor in real time,
2) then, a motor is controlled to drive a worm gear to rotate, a trapezoidal lead screw is driven to move leftwards to tension a steel wire rope, the machine is stopped after the tension of a tension sensor reaches a preset tension, the trapezoidal lead screw and the worm gear are self-locked to keep the tension of the steel wire rope, a high-speed camera is started to record a video, a trigger pin shaft is rapidly pulled away through a trigger rope, the steel wire rope releases ejection, and the steel wire rope vibrates continuously for about 10-20 s;
3) and finally, stopping data acquisition after the values acquired by the tension and acceleration sensors are stable, and storing and analyzing the data.
9. The working method of the transverse steel wire rope bending ejection impact vibration detection and analysis device according to claim 8, characterized by comprising the following steps: the technical indexes are as follows:
steel wire rope: the diameter is 8-12mm, and the length is 5-10 m;
pre-tension of the steel wire rope: 0-3 t;
ejection angle: 0-5 °;
tensile force analysis range: 0-10 t;
amplitude analysis range: 0- +/-30 mm.
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