CN110265233B - 一种低电阻电容器隔膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种低电阻电容器隔膜及其制备方法,涉及电容器隔膜生产技术领域。所述电容器隔膜由以下重量份的原料制成:聚酰胺纤维35‑45份、海藻酸钠纤维20‑30份、碳纤维10‑15份、硅酸铝纤维5‑10份、聚乙炔8‑12份、纳米石墨烯0.5‑1.0份、聚氮化硫6‑8份、阳离子型聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂4‑6份、氟化钙3‑5份、二氧化硅5‑7份、氧化锆2‑4份、改性剂0.3‑0.5份、增塑剂1‑2份、分散剂1‑2份。本发明克服了现有技术的不足,能够有效提高隔膜的整体性能,使制得的隔膜具有电阻低、强度高的优点,各材料相互配合,防止隔膜的功率降低甚至发生短路,隔膜整体性能优异,使用寿命长,适宜推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电容器隔膜生产技术领域,具体涉及一种低电阻电容器隔膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
超级电容器是一种极具市场竞争力的储能器,由于它可以实现快速充电、大电流放电,且具有10万次以上的充电寿命,在一些需要短时高倍率放电的应用中占有重要地位。混合动力汽车和电动汽车对动力电源的要求也引起了全世界范围内对超级电容器这一新型储能装置的广泛重视。在超级电容器的组成中,电极、电解液和隔膜纸对超级电容器的性能起着决定性的影响。
超级电容器的隔膜纸位于两个多孔化碳电极之间,与电极一起完全浸润在电解液中,在反复充放电过程中起到隔离的作用,阻止电子传导,防止两极间接触造成的内部短路。这样就对隔膜材料具有较高的要求,用以延长电容器的使用寿命。目前的薄膜其内阻较高,这样会严重降低隔膜的功率,甚至使电极发生短路,进而影响电容器的性能。因此,一种低电阻电容器隔膜是研究者们研究的热点。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足,本发明提供一种低电阻电容器隔膜及其制备方法,本发明克服了现有技术的不足,能够有效提高隔膜的整体性能,使制得的隔膜具有电阻低、强度高的优点,各材料相互配合,防止隔膜的功率降低甚至发生短路,隔膜整体性能优异,使用寿命长,适宜推广。
为实现以上目的,本发明的技术方案通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种低电阻电容器隔膜,所述电容器隔膜由以下重量份的原料制成:聚酰胺纤维35-45份、海藻酸钠纤维20-30份、碳纤维10-15份、硅酸铝纤维5-10份、聚乙炔8-12份、纳米石墨烯0.5-1.0份、聚氮化硫6-8份、阳离子型聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂4-6份、氟化钙3-5份、二氧化硅5-7份、氧化锆2-4份、改性剂0.3-0.5份、增塑剂1-2份、分散剂1-2份。
优选的,所述电容器隔膜由以下重量份的原料制成:聚酰胺纤维40份、海藻酸钠纤维25份、碳纤维12.5份、硅酸铝纤维7.5份、聚乙炔10份、纳米石墨烯0.75份、聚氮化硫7份、阳离子型聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂5份、氟化钙4份、二氧化硅6份、氧化锆3份、改性剂0.4份、增塑剂1.5份、分散剂1.5份。
优选的,所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、苯二甲酸酯和癸二酸二辛酯中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述分散剂为聚丙烯酰胺、三聚磷酸钠和三乙基己基磷酸中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述电容器隔膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚酰胺纤维和海藻酸钠纤维混合后,加入2-4倍体积的去离子水,升温至60-80℃,保温搅拌1-2h后静电纺丝得纤维膜备用;
(2)将聚乙炔和纳米石墨烯加入高压釜内,升温至100-120℃,保温搅拌1-2h后加入改性剂,并且通入氩气升压至13-15MPa,保压改性1-2h后恢复至常压,后保温静置2-3h得改性物料备用;
(3)将氟化钙、二氧化硅和氧化锆混合后加入高温炉中,升温至450-500℃进行焙烧,保温焙烧1-2h后自然冷却至室温,后将其混合物加入研磨机中混合研磨至过200目筛,得填料备用;
(4)将碳纤维、硅酸铝纤维、聚氮化硫和阳离子型聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂混合后加入4-8倍体积的去离子水,后将其混合物倒入打浆机中,打成浆液后再加入制得的改性物料和填料,再加入增塑剂和分散剂,后将其混合物倒入超声震荡仪中震荡均质15-20min,得均质液备用;
(5)将制得的均质液送入造纸机内,采用湿法成型工艺经网部及压榨部脱水成形,后经干燥和热压粘合得非织造布基布备用;
(6)将制得的纤维膜覆盖在非织造布基布表面,后经热压结合、冷却、剪切得到产品。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中以200-300Pa/min的速度进行升压,后以50-100Pa/min的速度恢复至常压。
优选的,所述步骤(5)中干燥温度为80-100℃,干燥时间为10-15min。
本发明提供一种低电阻电容器隔膜及其制备方法,与现有技术相比优点在于:
(1)本发明采用碳纤维、硅酸铝纤维、聚氮化硫和阳离子型聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂作为非织造布基布的材料基料,能够有效提高隔膜的整体性能,使制得的隔膜具有电阻低、强度高的优点,隔膜整体性能优异,使用效果好,适宜推广;
(2)本发明还添加有聚乙炔、纳米石墨烯、氟化钙、二氧化硅和氧化锆,通过在改性剂的作用下,先将聚乙炔和纳米石墨烯在高压的环境下进行接枝改性制得改性物料,再将氟化钙、二氧化硅和氧化锆进行高温焙烧制得填料,再与非织造布基布的材料基料进行混合均质,能够有效降低薄膜的电阻,各材料相互配合,防止隔膜的功率降低甚至发生短路,隔膜使用寿命长。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合本发明实施例对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
一种低电阻电容器隔膜,所述电容器隔膜由以下重量份的原料制成:聚酰胺纤维35份、海藻酸钠纤维20份、碳纤维10份、硅酸铝纤维5份、聚乙炔8份、纳米石墨烯0.5份、聚氮化硫6份、阳离子型聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂4份、氟化钙3份、二氧化硅5份、氧化锆2份、改性剂0.3份、增塑剂1份、分散剂1份。
其中,所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、苯二甲酸酯和癸二酸二辛酯中的一种或多种;所述分散剂为聚丙烯酰胺、三聚磷酸钠和三乙基己基磷酸中的一种或多种。
所述电容器隔膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚酰胺纤维和海藻酸钠纤维混合后,加入2-4倍体积的去离子水,升温至60-80℃,保温搅拌1-2h后静电纺丝得纤维膜备用;
(2)将聚乙炔和纳米石墨烯加入高压釜内,升温至100-120℃,保温搅拌1-2h后加入改性剂,并且通入氩气升压至13-15MPa,保压改性1-2h后恢复至常压,后保温静置2-3h得改性物料备用;
(3)将氟化钙、二氧化硅和氧化锆混合后加入高温炉中,升温至450-500℃进行焙烧,保温焙烧1-2h后自然冷却至室温,后将其混合物加入研磨机中混合研磨至过200目筛,得填料备用;
(4)将碳纤维、硅酸铝纤维、聚氮化硫和阳离子型聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂混合后加入4-8倍体积的去离子水,后将其混合物倒入打浆机中,打成浆液后再加入制得的改性物料和填料,再加入增塑剂和分散剂,后将其混合物倒入超声震荡仪中震荡均质15-20min,得均质液备用;
(5)将制得的均质液送入造纸机内,采用湿法成型工艺经网部及压榨部脱水成形,后经干燥和热压粘合得非织造布基布备用;
(6)将制得的纤维膜覆盖在非织造布基布表面,后经热压结合、冷却、剪切得到产品。
其中,所述步骤(2)中以200-300Pa/min的速度进行升压,后以50-100Pa/min的速度恢复至常压;所述步骤(5)中干燥温度为80-100℃,干燥时间为10-15min。
实施例2:
一种低电阻电容器隔膜,所述电容器隔膜由以下重量份的原料制成:聚酰胺纤维40份、海藻酸钠纤维25份、碳纤维12.5份、硅酸铝纤维7.5份、聚乙炔10份、纳米石墨烯0.75份、聚氮化硫7份、阳离子型聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂5份、氟化钙4份、二氧化硅6份、氧化锆3份、改性剂0.4份、增塑剂1.5份、分散剂1.5份。
其中,所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、苯二甲酸酯和癸二酸二辛酯中的一种或多种;所述分散剂为聚丙烯酰胺、三聚磷酸钠和三乙基己基磷酸中的一种或多种。
所述电容器隔膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚酰胺纤维和海藻酸钠纤维混合后,加入2-4倍体积的去离子水,升温至60-80℃,保温搅拌1-2h后静电纺丝得纤维膜备用;
(2)将聚乙炔和纳米石墨烯加入高压釜内,升温至100-120℃,保温搅拌1-2h后加入改性剂,并且通入氩气升压至13-15MPa,保压改性1-2h后恢复至常压,后保温静置2-3h得改性物料备用;
(3)将氟化钙、二氧化硅和氧化锆混合后加入高温炉中,升温至450-500℃进行焙烧,保温焙烧1-2h后自然冷却至室温,后将其混合物加入研磨机中混合研磨至过200目筛,得填料备用;
(4)将碳纤维、硅酸铝纤维、聚氮化硫和阳离子型聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂混合后加入4-8倍体积的去离子水,后将其混合物倒入打浆机中,打成浆液后再加入制得的改性物料和填料,再加入增塑剂和分散剂,后将其混合物倒入超声震荡仪中震荡均质15-20min,得均质液备用;
(5)将制得的均质液送入造纸机内,采用湿法成型工艺经网部及压榨部脱水成形,后经干燥和热压粘合得非织造布基布备用;
(6)将制得的纤维膜覆盖在非织造布基布表面,后经热压结合、冷却、剪切得到产品。
其中,所述步骤(2)中以200-300Pa/min的速度进行升压,后以50-100Pa/min的速度恢复至常压;所述步骤(5)中干燥温度为80-100℃,干燥时间为10-15min。
实施例3:
一种低电阻电容器隔膜,所述电容器隔膜由以下重量份的原料制成:聚酰胺纤维45份、海藻酸钠纤维30份、碳纤维15份、硅酸铝纤维10份、聚乙炔12份、纳米石墨烯1.0份、聚氮化硫8份、阳离子型聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂6份、氟化钙5份、二氧化硅7份、氧化锆4份、改性剂0.5份、增塑剂2份、分散剂2份。
其中,所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、苯二甲酸酯和癸二酸二辛酯中的一种或多种;所述分散剂为聚丙烯酰胺、三聚磷酸钠和三乙基己基磷酸中的一种或多种。
所述电容器隔膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚酰胺纤维和海藻酸钠纤维混合后,加入2-4倍体积的去离子水,升温至60-80℃,保温搅拌1-2h后静电纺丝得纤维膜备用;
(2)将聚乙炔和纳米石墨烯加入高压釜内,升温至100-120℃,保温搅拌1-2h后加入改性剂,并且通入氩气升压至13-15MPa,保压改性1-2h后恢复至常压,后保温静置2-3h得改性物料备用;
(3)将氟化钙、二氧化硅和氧化锆混合后加入高温炉中,升温至450-500℃进行焙烧,保温焙烧1-2h后自然冷却至室温,后将其混合物加入研磨机中混合研磨至过200目筛,得填料备用;
(4)将碳纤维、硅酸铝纤维、聚氮化硫和阳离子型聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂混合后加入4-8倍体积的去离子水,后将其混合物倒入打浆机中,打成浆液后再加入制得的改性物料和填料,再加入增塑剂和分散剂,后将其混合物倒入超声震荡仪中震荡均质15-20min,得均质液备用;
(5)将制得的均质液送入造纸机内,采用湿法成型工艺经网部及压榨部脱水成形,后经干燥和热压粘合得非织造布基布备用;
(6)将制得的纤维膜覆盖在非织造布基布表面,后经热压结合、冷却、剪切得到产品。
其中,所述步骤(2)中以200-300Pa/min的速度进行升压,后以50-100Pa/min的速度恢复至常压;所述步骤(5)中干燥温度为80-100℃,干燥时间为10-15min。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种低电阻电容器隔膜,其特征在于,所述电容器隔膜由以下重量份的原料制成:聚酰胺纤维35-45份、海藻酸钠纤维20-30份、碳纤维10-15份、硅酸铝纤维5-10份、聚乙炔8-12份、纳米石墨烯0.5-1.0份、聚氮化硫6-8份、阳离子型聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂4-6份、氟化钙3-5份、二氧化硅5-7份、氧化锆2-4份、改性剂0.3-0.5份、增塑剂1-2份、分散剂1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低电阻电容器隔膜,其特征在于,所述电容器隔膜由以下重量份的原料制成:聚酰胺纤维40份、海藻酸钠纤维25份、碳纤维12.5份、硅酸铝纤维7.5份、聚乙炔10份、纳米石墨烯0.75份、聚氮化硫7份、阳离子型聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂5份、氟化钙4份、二氧化硅6份、氧化锆3份、改性剂0.4份、增塑剂1.5份、分散剂1.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低电阻电容器隔膜,其特征在于,所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、苯二甲酸酯和癸二酸二辛酯中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低电阻电容器隔膜,其特征在于,所述分散剂为聚丙烯酰胺、三聚磷酸钠和三乙基己基磷酸中的一种或多种。
5.一种低电阻电容器隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述电容器隔膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚酰胺纤维和海藻酸钠纤维混合后,加入2-4倍体积的去离子水,升温至60-80℃,保温搅拌1-2h后静电纺丝得纤维膜备用;
(2)将聚乙炔和纳米石墨烯加入高压釜内,升温至100-120℃,保温搅拌1-2h后加入改性剂,并且通入氩气升压至13-15MPa,保压改性1-2h后恢复至常压,后保温静置2-3h得改性物料备用;
(3)将氟化钙、二氧化硅和氧化锆混合后加入高温炉中,升温至450-500℃进行焙烧,保温焙烧1-2h后自然冷却至室温,后将其混合物加入研磨机中混合研磨至过200目筛,得填料备用;
(4)将碳纤维、硅酸铝纤维、聚氮化硫和阳离子型聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂混合后加入4-8倍体积的去离子水,后将其混合物倒入打浆机中,打成浆液后再加入制得的改性物料和填料,再加入增塑剂和分散剂,后将其混合物倒入超声震荡仪中震荡均质15-20min,得均质液备用;
(5)将制得的均质液送入造纸机内,采用湿法成型工艺经网部及压榨部脱水成形,后经干燥和热压粘合得非织造布基布备用;
(6)将制得的纤维膜覆盖在非织造布基布表面,后经热压结合、冷却、剪切得到产品。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种低电阻电容器隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中以200-300Pa/min的速度进行升压,后以50-100Pa/min的速度恢复至常压。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种低电阻电容器隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中干燥温度为80-100℃,干燥时间为10-15min。
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