CN110180400A - 一种导电纳米纤维过滤膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种导电纳米纤维过滤膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种导电纳米纤维过滤膜及其制备方法。本发明将DBSA掺杂的PAn和其他聚合物的硝酸银溶液共混纺丝,再通过配位还原法制备出银纳米颗粒包覆的导电纳米纤维过滤膜。所得导电纳米纤维过滤膜的平均纤维直径为221~800 nm,孔隙率≥85%,方块电阻为63~248Ω/sq,此过滤膜具有较宽的纤维直径分布,高的孔隙率和良好的导电性。对过滤膜施加100~400 V外电压后,对≥0.3µm颗粒的过滤效率为95%~99.95%。卸除外电压后,对过滤膜进行反向吹扫后可循环使用。与现有技术相比,该导电纳米纤维过滤膜的过滤效率高,压降低,无高压静电带来的臭氧危害,而且可循环利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于空气过滤材料技术领域,具体涉及一种导电纳米纤维过滤膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
空气中的颗粒物污染严重影响人们的日常生活和身体健康。多孔介质过滤和高压静电除尘是目前颗粒物净化的主要手段。传统过滤材料单纯依靠机械捕获很难实现对细颗粒的高效低阻过滤。高压静电除尘装置风阻小、可重复使用,但高压静电容易产生臭氧,危害人体健康。由于高比表面积和流体滑移效应,纳米纤维滤料具有较高的过滤效率和较低的过滤阻力。静电纺丝技术是制备纳米级别聚合物纤维的一种简单有效的方法,且所制备的滤料储存有电荷,还能通过带电纤维产生的静电力实现对细微颗粒的捕获。
2016年1月19日,专利CN105435538A公开了一种复合纳米纤维空气过滤材料及其制备方法,通过一次性静电纺丝获得纳米聚乙烯醇纤维和纳米聚丙烯睛纤维呈交错分布的复合过滤材料,其纤维的直径为150~1000nm,孔隙率为75%~90%,对NaCl气溶胶的过滤效率为99.94%~99.99%,压降为180~600Pa。2016年11月14日,专利CN106757484A公开了一种用于净化PM2.5的静电纺驻极体复合纤维过滤材料,该发明将硅纳米线作为无机驻极体加入到聚醚酞亚胺纺丝液中,制备聚醚酞亚胺复合纤维过滤材料,无机驻极体的加入使静电纺纤维膜带上大量空间电荷,提高了初始过滤效率。
上述技术的不足之处在于:静电纺纳米纤维过滤材料堆积密度高,虽然可以达到很高的过滤效率,但过滤阻力也很大,能耗高。添加无机驻极体可以提高过滤材料电荷密度和初始过滤效率,但是在过滤过程电荷会衰减造成过滤效率下降,过滤性能不稳定。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有静电纺滤料电荷易衰减导致过滤性能下降,且无法再生使用和高压静电除尘产生臭氧等问题,提供了一种导电纳米纤维过滤膜及其制备方法,施加低电压即可保持稳定高效过滤,且过滤阻力小、安全、并能循环使用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案。
本发明提供了一种导电纳米纤维过滤膜,所述导电纳米纤维过滤膜由银纳米颗粒包覆的导电纳米纤维组成;导电纳米纤维过滤膜的平均纤维直径为221~800nm;所述导电纳米纤维过滤膜通过外加电压形成荷电过滤膜,施加电压100~400V时,对≥0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率为95%~99.95%。
优选地,所述导电纳米纤维过滤膜的孔隙率≥85%,方块电阻为63~248Ω/sq。
优选地,对所述导电纳米纤维过滤膜未施加电压时,所述导电纳米纤维过滤膜对≥0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率为75%~80%。
本发明还提供了一种制备所述导电纳米纤维过滤膜的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将硝酸银,共混聚合物颗粒和葡萄糖依次溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺DMF,搅拌均匀配成溶液A;
(2)将聚苯胺PAn和十二烷基苯磺酸DBSA溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀配成溶液B;
(3)将溶液A和溶液B混合,搅拌均匀获得纺丝溶液C;
(4)将纺丝溶液C加到静电纺丝装置中,纺丝得到聚合物纳米纤维膜;
(5)将聚合物纳米纤维膜浸渍在还原剂中还原出银纳米颗粒,然后在60~90℃下真空干燥,得到纳米银颗粒包覆的导电纳米纤维过滤膜。
优选地,步骤(1)得到的溶液A中硝酸银,共混聚合物颗粒和葡萄糖的质量分数分别为1%~6%、1%~6%和1%~5%。
优选地,步骤(1)所述共混聚合物颗粒为聚偏氟乙烯PVDF、聚丙烯腈PAN或聚苯乙烯PS中的一种或一种以上。
优选地,步骤(2)溶液B中聚苯胺PAn的质量分数为1%~5%,十二烷基苯磺酸DBSA的质量分数为1%~10%。
优选地,步骤(3)中溶液A和溶液B的质量比为1:1~1:3。
优选地,所述静电纺丝装置包括推注系统、纺丝溶液注射器、静电高压提供系统、旋转接收系统;静电纺丝工艺参数为:电压8~30kV,纺丝溶液注射器的针头到旋转接收系统的接收板的距离为8~20cm,静电纺丝装置的喷丝头直径为0.23~1.8mm,纺丝速度为1~5ml/h,纺丝时间为2~6h,环境温度为20~40℃,环境湿度为30%~80%。
优选地,所述还原剂为质量分数60%~80%的水合肼;聚合物纳米纤维膜在还原剂中浸渍的时间为1~3h。
和现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果和优点:
(1)本发明提供的导电纳米纤维过滤膜的孔隙率≥85%,膜的方块电阻为63~248Ω/sq,此过滤膜具有较宽的纤维直径分布,高的孔隙率和良好的导电性。对导电纳米纤维过滤膜施加100~400V外电压后,对≥0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率为95%~99.95%,具有较高的过滤效率;
(2)卸除外电压后,对导电纳米纤维过滤膜进行反向吹扫后可循环使用;
(3)低电压下工作,无高压静电的危害,不产生臭氧,安全可靠;
(4)银纳米颗粒的添加提高了纤维导电性,增强了驻极电场,提高过滤效率,并且银纳米颗粒具有抗氧化和杀菌的功能。
附图说明
图1为实施例提供的静电纺丝装置示意图;
图中编号说明如下:1-静电纺丝装置的推注系统,2-纺丝溶液注射器,3-静电高压提供系统,4-旋转接收系统;
图2为实施例1制备的无银纳米颗粒的PAn/PAN纳米纤维过滤膜的SEM电镜图;
图3为实施例2制备的有银纳米颗粒的PAn/PAN纳米纤维过滤膜的SEM电镜图;
图4为过滤装置示意图;5-导电纳米纤维过滤膜,6-外加电压系统;
图5为实施例1至4所制备的导电纳米纤维过滤膜的方块电阻;
图6为实施例1至4所制备的导电纳米纤维过滤膜的过滤效率和压降随着外加电压的变化。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例和附图对本发明的具体实施作进一步说明,但本发明的实施不限于此。
实施例1:
本实施例提供了一种无银纳米颗粒的导电纳米纤维过滤膜及其制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下制备步骤:
(1)将0.47g的PAN溶解于10ml的DMF,搅拌均匀配成溶液A;
(2)将0.3g的PAn聚苯胺和0.5g的DBSA十二烷基苯磺酸溶于10ml的N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,搅拌均匀配成溶液B;
(3)将溶液A和溶液B按质量比1:2混合,搅拌均匀获得纺丝溶液C;
(4)将纺丝溶液C加到静电纺丝装置中,所述静电纺丝装置包括推注系统1、纺丝溶液注射器2、静电高压提供系统3、旋转接收系统4,如图1;所述步骤(4)中的静电纺丝工艺参数为:电压12kV,纺丝溶液注射器2的针头到旋转接收系统4的接收板的距离为10cm,喷丝头直径为0.25mm,纺丝速度为2ml/h,环境温度为20℃,环境湿度为52%,通过纺丝时间控制纤维膜厚度,纺丝得到PAn/PAN纳米纤维膜;
(5)将纺丝得到的PAn/PAN纳米纤维膜在80℃下真空干燥,得到表面光滑的PAn/PAN纳米纤维过滤膜,其扫描电镜图如图2所示,用Image-pro-plus统计平均纤维直径为502nm,孔隙率为85%,测试方块电阻为463Ω/sq,见图5;
施加电压100~400V,测试其过滤效率和压降,其中过滤装置如图4。施加电压于PAn/PAN导电纳米纤维过滤膜,随着施加电压增加,效率缓慢增加,在电压为400V时过滤效率达85.36%,压降为18Pa,见图6。
实施例2:
本实施例提供了一种导电纳米纤维过滤膜及其制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下制备步骤:
(1)将0.58g的硝酸银,0.58g的PAN和0.29g的葡萄糖溶解于10ml的DMF(密度为0.948g/ml),每种物质的加入都需搅拌,直至充分溶解后方可加入另一种物质,搅拌均匀配成溶液A;
(2)将0.3g的PAn聚苯胺和0.5g的DBSA十二烷基苯磺酸溶于10ml的N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,搅拌均匀配成溶液B;
(3)将溶液A和溶液B按质量比1:2混合,搅拌均匀获得纺丝溶液C;
(4)将纺丝溶液C加到静电纺丝装置中,所述静电纺丝装置包括推注系统1、纺丝溶液注射器2、静电高压提供系统3、旋转接收系统4,如图1;纺丝参数的电压为15kV,纺丝溶液注射器2的针头到旋转接收系统4的接收板的距离为12cm,喷丝头直径为0.25mm,纺丝速度为2ml/h,环境温度为20℃,环境湿度为55%,通过纺丝时间控制纤维膜厚度,纺丝得到PAn/PAN纳米纤维膜;
(5)将纺丝得到的PAn/PAN纳米纤维膜浸渍在质量分数为80%的水合肼中3h,然后在80℃下真空干燥,得到Ag-PAn/PAN导电纳米纤维过滤膜,其扫描电镜图如图3所示,用Image-pro-plus统计平均纤维直径为480nm,孔隙率为87%,测试方块电阻为121Ω/sq,见图5;
施加电压100~400V,测试其过滤效率和压降,其中过滤装置如图4。施加电压于Ag-PAn/PAN导电纳米纤维过滤膜,随着施加电压增加,效率先快速增加,后缓慢增加,在电压为400V时过滤效率达98.34%,压降为18Pa,见图6。施加外电压400V下对过滤膜进行容尘实验,当压降增加为90Pa时,卸除外电压,对过滤膜进行反向吹扫10min,然后重新外加电压400V驻极,测试过滤效率达96.53%。
实施例3:
本实施例提供了一种导电纳米纤维过滤膜及其制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下制备步骤:
(1)将0.58g的硝酸银,0.58g的PVDF和0.29g的葡萄糖溶解于10ml的DMF,每种物质的加入都需搅拌,直至充分溶解后方可加入另一种物质,搅拌均匀配成溶液A;
(2)将0.3g的PAn聚苯胺和0.5g的DBSA十二烷基苯磺酸溶于10ml的N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,搅拌均匀配成溶液B;
(3)将溶液A和溶液B按质量比1:1混合,搅拌均匀获得纺丝溶液C;
(4)将纺丝溶液C加到静电纺丝装置中,所述静电纺丝装置包括推注系统1、纺丝溶液注射器2、静电高压提供系统3、旋转接收系统4,如图1;所述步骤(4)中的静电纺丝工艺参数为:电压12kV,纺丝溶液注射器2的针头到旋转接收系统4的接收板的距离为10cm,喷丝头直径为0.25mm,纺丝速度为2ml/h,环境温度为20℃,环境湿度为52%,通过纺丝时间控制纤维膜厚度,纺丝得到PAn/PVDF纳米纤维膜;
(5)将纺丝得到的PAn/PVDF纳米纤维膜浸渍在质量分数为80%的水合肼中3h,然后在80℃下真空干燥,得到Ag-PAn/PVDF导电纳米纤维过滤膜,平均纤维直径为221nm,孔隙率为88%,方块电阻为63Ω/sq,见图5;
施加电压100~400V,测试其过滤效率和压降,其中过滤装置如图4。施加电压于Ag-PAn/PVDF导电纳米纤维过滤膜,随着施加电压增加,效率先快速增加,后缓慢增加,在电压为400V时过滤效率达99.95%,压降为17Pa,见图6。
实施例4:
本实施例提供了一种导电纳米纤维过滤膜及其制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下制备步骤:
(1)将0.58g的硝酸银,0.58g的PS和0.29g的葡萄糖溶解于10ml的DMF,每种物质的加入都需搅拌,直至充分溶解后方可加入另一种物质,搅拌均匀配成溶液A;
(2)将0.3g的PAn聚苯胺和0.5g的DBSA十二烷基苯磺酸溶于10ml的N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,搅拌均匀配成溶液B;
(3)将溶液A和溶液B按质量比1:3混合,搅拌均匀获得纺丝溶液C;
(4)将纺丝溶液C加到静电纺丝装置中,所述静电纺丝装置包括推注系统1、纺丝溶液注射器2、静电高压提供系统3、旋转接收系统4,如图1;纺丝参数的电压为20kV,纺丝溶液注射器2的针头到旋转接收系统4的接收板的距离为15cm,喷丝头直径为0.5mm,纺丝速度为2ml/h,环境温度为20℃,环境湿度为55%,通过纺丝时间控制纤维膜厚度,纺丝得到PAn/PS纳米纤维膜;
(5)将纺丝得到的PAn/PS纳米纤维膜浸渍在质量分数为80%的水合肼中3h,然后在80℃下真空干燥,得到Ag-PAn/PS导电纳米纤维过滤膜,平均纤维直径为800nm,孔隙率为90%,方块电阻为248Ω/sq,见图5。
施加电压100~400V,测试其过滤效率和压降,其中过滤装置如图4。施加电压于Ag-PAn/PS导电纳米纤维过滤膜,随着电压增加,效率先快速增加,后缓慢增加,在电压为400V时过滤效率达99.2%,压降为15Pa,见图6。
结合实施例2至4,本发明提供的导电纳米纤维过滤膜的孔隙率≥85%,膜的方块电阻为63~248Ω/sq,此过滤膜具有较宽的纤维直径分布,高的孔隙率和良好的导电性。对导电纳米纤维过滤膜施加100~400V外电压后,对≥0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率为95%~99.95%,卸除外电压后,对导电纳米纤维过滤膜进行反向吹扫后可循环使用。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限定。凡本领域的技术人员利用本发明的技术方案对上述实施例做出的任何等同的变动、修饰或演变等,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种导电纳米纤维过滤膜,其特征在于,所述导电纳米纤维过滤膜由银纳米颗粒包覆的导电纳米纤维组成;导电纳米纤维过滤膜的平均纤维直径为221~800 nm;所述导电纳米纤维过滤膜通过外加电压形成荷电过滤膜,施加电压100~400 V时,对≥0.3 µm颗粒的过滤效率为95%~99.95%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的导电纳米纤维过滤膜,其特征在于,所述导电纳米纤维过滤膜的孔隙率≥85%,方块电阻为63~248 Ω/sq。
3.根据权利要求1所述的导电纳米纤维过滤膜,其特征在于,对所述导电纳米纤维过滤膜未施加电压时,所述导电纳米纤维过滤膜对≥0.3 µm颗粒的过滤效率为75%~80%。
4.一种制备权利要求1至3任一项所述导电纳米纤维过滤膜的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将硝酸银,共混聚合物颗粒和葡萄糖依次溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺DMF,搅拌均匀配成溶液A;
(2)将聚苯胺PAn和十二烷基苯磺酸DBSA溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀配成溶液B;
(3)将溶液A和溶液B混合,搅拌均匀获得纺丝溶液C;
(4)将纺丝溶液C加到静电纺丝装置中,纺丝得到聚合物纳米纤维膜;
(5)将聚合物纳米纤维膜浸渍在还原剂中还原出银纳米颗粒,然后在60~90°C下真空干燥,得到纳米银颗粒包覆的导电纳米纤维过滤膜。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备导电纳米纤维过滤膜的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)得到的溶液A中硝酸银,共混聚合物颗粒和葡萄糖的质量分数分别为1%~6%、1%~6%和1%~5%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备导电纳米纤维过滤膜的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述共混聚合物颗粒为聚偏氟乙烯PVDF、聚丙烯腈PAN或聚苯乙烯PS中的一种或一种以上。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备导电纳米纤维过滤膜的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)溶液B中聚苯胺PAn的质量分数为1%~5%,十二烷基苯磺酸DBSA的质量分数为1%~10%。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备导电纳米纤维过滤膜的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中溶液A和溶液B的质量比为1:1~1:3。
9.根据权利要求4所述的制备导电纳米纤维过滤膜的方法,其特征在于,所述静电纺丝装置包括推注系统、纺丝溶液注射器、静电高压提供系统、旋转接收系统;静电纺丝工艺参数为:电压8~30 kV,纺丝溶液注射器的针头到旋转接收系统的接收板的距离为8~20 cm,静电纺丝装置的喷丝头直径为0.23~1.8 mm,纺丝速度为1~5 ml/h,纺丝时间为2~6 h,环境温度为20~40 °C,环境湿度为30%~80%。
10.根据权利要求4所述的制备导电纳米纤维过滤膜的方法,其特征在于,所述还原剂为质量分数60%~80%的水合肼;聚合物纳米纤维膜在还原剂中浸渍的时间为1~3 h。
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