CN110170282A - 一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110170282A CN110170282A CN201910376244.2A CN201910376244A CN110170282A CN 110170282 A CN110170282 A CN 110170282A CN 201910376244 A CN201910376244 A CN 201910376244A CN 110170282 A CN110170282 A CN 110170282A
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- Prior art keywords
- chloride
- inorfil
- spinning
- acid
- aerogel material
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- LWBPNIJBHRISSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Be]Cl LWBPNIJBHRISSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RWRDJVNMSZYMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-L radium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ra+2] RWRDJVNMSZYMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001630 radium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- FGDZQCVHDSGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Rb+] FGDZQCVHDSGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 Kynoar Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical group Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CN(C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C)O1 DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical class ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021550 Vanadium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001627 beryllium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloromercury Chemical compound [Hg]Cl RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ga](Cl)Cl UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- PDPJQWYGJJBYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-J hafnium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Hf](Cl)(Cl)Cl PDPJQWYGJJBYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 3
- HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pb]Cl HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- RPESBQCJGHJMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentachlorovanadium Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[V+5] RPESBQCJGHJMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 3
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940102127 rubidium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001631 strontium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GBECUEIQVRDUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M thallium monochloride Chemical compound [Tl]Cl GBECUEIQVRDUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MHABMANUFPZXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-demethyl-aloesaponarin I Natural products O=C1C2=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C MHABMANUFPZXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- DVMZCYSFPFUKKE-UHFFFAOYSA-K scandium chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sc](Cl)Cl DVMZCYSFPFUKKE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
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- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
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- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料及其制备方法。各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的制备方法包括:将高分子溶液、无机前驱体和氯化物混合,得到纺丝前驱体混合液;对纺丝前驱体混合液进行喷射纺丝,得到复合纤维气凝胶;对复合纤维气凝胶进行煅烧处理,得到各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料。由此,上述制备方法简单,易操作,制备成本低、效率高,易于工业化生产;上述方法制备的无机纤维气凝胶材料是由多层堆叠的微纤维构成,具有各向异性的层状结构,可以裁切成所需的任意形状,以及堆叠成所需的厚度;而且具有良好的柔韧性、可压缩性、优异的耐火性、良好的耐高低温性以及热绝缘性,大大扩展了其应用领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料技术领域,具体的,涉及一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,由于具有多孔三维网络结构的气凝胶材料,包括碳纳米管气凝胶、生物质来源的气凝胶、石墨烯气凝胶、无机纳米纤维气凝胶和碳纤维气凝胶等具有高的可压缩性和大应变回弹性而受到越来越多的关注。而且无机气凝胶材料具有轻量、比表面积大、热导率低、化学稳定性和热稳定性好等优点,故而,无机气凝胶材料已经被广泛应用于各种各样的领域,包括热绝缘、水处理、催化剂载体、能量吸收、高温空气过滤等。然而,传统的无机气凝胶材料一般都是由无机氧化物,如氧化硅纳米颗粒、氧化铝纳米晶、氮化硼纳米片等制备而得,无机材料固有的脆性极大地限制了它们的实际应用。
因此,开发柔韧性好、可压缩性高和耐高低温性佳的无机气凝胶材料具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此,本发明的一个目的在于提出一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的制备方法,该方法简单、易操作,制备成本低,效率高,制备的无机纤维气凝胶材料的柔韧性好、可压缩性高,耐高低温性佳或热绝缘性优异。
在本发明的一个方面,本发明提供了一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的制备方法。根据本发明的实施例,所述方法包括:将高分子溶液、无机前驱体和氯化物混合,得到纺丝前驱体混合液;对所述纺丝前驱体混合液进行喷射纺丝,得到复合纤维气凝胶;对所述复合纤维气凝胶进行煅烧处理,得到各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料。由此,上述制备方法简单,易操作,制备成本低、效率高,易于工业化生产;由上述方法制备的无机纤维气凝胶材料是由多层堆叠的微纤维构成,具有各向异性的层状结构,可以裁切成所需的任意形状,以及堆叠成所需的厚度;而且制备的无机纤维气凝胶材料具有良好的柔韧性和可压缩性;无机纤维气凝胶材料的层状结构和无机组分使得气凝胶材料具有优异的耐火性、良好的耐高低温性以及热绝缘性,大大扩展了其应用领域。
根据本发明的实施例,所述高分子溶液包括高分子材料和溶剂,其中,所述高分子材料与所述溶剂的质量比为(2~30):100。
根据本发明的实施例,所述纺丝前驱体混合液中进一步包括催化剂。
根据本发明的实施例,所述纺丝前驱体混合液包括:2~30重量份的所述高分子材料;100重量份的所述溶剂;0.5~100重量份的所述无机前驱体;0.001~1重量份的所述催化剂;及1~100重量份的所述氯化物。
根据本发明的实施例,所述高分子材料选自聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、醋酸纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、聚偏氟乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚氧化乙烯、聚乳酸、聚酰胺、聚己内酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚苯胺、聚酰亚胺和聚碳酸酯中的至少一种;
任选地,所述溶剂选自水、甲酸、四氢呋喃、丙酮、丁酮、正己烷、环己烷、正庚烷、乙腈、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、1,2-丙二醇、氯仿、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、叔丁醇、正丁醇、甲苯、二甲苯、乙二胺、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和四氯化碳中的至少一种;
任选地,所述无机前驱体为氧氯化锆、乙酸锆、异丙醇铝、正丙醇锆、正硅酸乙酯和正硅酸甲酯中的至少一种;
任选地,所述催化剂选自磷酸、硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、甲酸、醋酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、草酸和马来酸中的至少一种。
根据本发明的实施例,所述氯化物选自氯化锂、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化铷、氯化铯、氯化铍、氯化镁、氯化钙、氯化锶、氯化钡、氯化镭、氯化锌、氯化铜、氯化镍、氯化钴、氯化铁、氯化亚铁、氯化锰、氯化铬、氯化钒、四氯化钛、氯化钪、氯化铝、氯化镓、氯化铟、氯化铊、氯化锡、氯化铅、氯化镉、氯化钯、氯化铑、氯化钌、氯化锆、氯化铪、三氯化锇、氯化铂、氯化金和氯化汞中的至少一种。
根据本发明的实施例,利用压缩空气将所述纺丝前驱体混合液从喷射纺丝设备的喷丝口喷出,在所述喷射纺丝中,所述纺丝前驱体混合液的挤出速度为0.1~15毫升/小时,所述喷丝口与所述接收器之间的距离为20~100厘米,所述压缩空气的气流流速为1~50米/秒。
根据本发明的实施例,所述煅烧处理的条件为:所述煅烧处理的温度以0.1~10℃/min的升温速度升至500℃~2000℃,保温0~24小时,之后降温至室温。
在本发明的又一方面,本发明提供了一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料。根据本发明的实施例,所述各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料是由前面所述的方法制备得到的。由此,该无机纤维气凝胶材料是由多层堆叠的微纤维构成,具有各向异性的层状结构,可以裁切成所需的任意形状,以及堆叠成所需的厚度;而且,该无机纤维气凝胶材料具有良好的柔韧性和可压缩性;无机纤维气凝胶材料的层状结构和无机组分使得气凝胶材料具有优异的耐火性、良好的耐高低温性以及热绝缘性,大大扩展了其应用领域。
根据本发明的实施例,所述无机纤维气凝胶材料的体积密度为5~200mg/cm3,任选地,所述无机纤维气凝胶材料中无机纤维的平均直径为0.2~10微米。
附图说明
图1是本发明一个实施例中各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的制备方法流程图。
图2是本发明另一个实施例中压缩各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的示意图。
图3是本发明另一个实施例中压缩各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的示意图。
图4是本发明另一个实施例中各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的实物示意图。
图5是本发明又一个实施例中压缩各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的示意图。
图6是本发明又一个实施例中各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例。下面描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
在本发明的一个方面,本发明提供了一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料(本文中可简称无机纤维气凝胶材料)的制备方法。根据本发明的实施例,参照图1,所述各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的制备方法包括:
S100:将高分子溶液、无机前驱体和氯化物混合,得到纺丝前驱体混合液。在该过程中,无机前驱体发生水解,得到无机氧化物,以便后续得到无机纤维气凝胶材料。
根据本发明的实施例,高分子溶液包括高分子材料和溶剂,其中,高分子材料与溶剂的质量比为(2~30):100,比如2:100、5:100、8:100、10:100、15:100、20:100、25:100、30:100。由此,可以得到溶解均匀的高分子溶液,而且上述浓度的高分子溶液有利于后续的喷射纺丝,得到可压缩性、柔韧性等性能优异的无机纤维气凝胶材料;若高分子材料与溶剂的质量比低于2:100,则高分子溶液浓度过低,无法形成纤维;若高分子材料与溶剂的质量比高于30:100,一则高分子材料不易于全部溶解,二则高分子溶液粘度过高,难以从喷射纺丝设备的喷丝口喷出形成纤维。
根据本发明的实施例,为了得到充分溶解的高分子溶液,配制高分子溶液的步骤包括:将一定量的高分子材料添加到一定量的溶剂中,之后在室温(25℃)~100℃的条件下以50~1000rpm的转速下搅拌溶解0.1~10小时,即可得到浓度适宜的高分子溶液,其中,高分子材料和溶剂的具体用量以及具体的工艺条件,本领域技术人员可以根据具体的高分子材料和选择的溶剂进行设定,在此不作限制要求,只要保证高分子材料充分快速的溶解即可。其中,搅拌可以通过机械搅拌或磁力搅拌完成。
根据本发明的实施例,高分子材料选自聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、醋酸纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、聚偏氟乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚氧化乙烯、聚乳酸、聚酰胺、聚己内酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚苯胺、聚酰亚胺和聚碳酸酯中的至少一种。由此,材料来源广泛,易于纺丝,而且便于在后续的煅烧过程中将高分子材料去除。
根据本发明的实施例,溶剂选自水、甲酸、四氢呋喃、丙酮、丁酮、正己烷、环己烷、正庚烷、乙腈、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、1,2-丙二醇、氯仿、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、叔丁醇、正丁醇、甲苯、二甲苯、乙二胺、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和四氯化碳中的至少一种。由此,本领域技术人员可以根据不同的高分子材料选择适宜的溶剂,保证高分子材料可以快速有效地被溶解掉。
根据本发明的实施例,无机前驱体为氧氯化锆、乙酸锆、异丙醇铝、正丙醇锆、正硅酸乙酯和正硅酸甲酯中的至少一种。由此,上述无机前驱体在水解后得到氧化物(比如氧化锆、氧化铝、二氧化硅),通过喷射纺丝后得到无机纤维气凝胶材料。
根据本发明的实施例,为了得到层状结构的无机纤维气凝胶材料,氯化物选自氯化锂、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化铷、氯化铯、氯化铍、氯化镁、氯化钙、氯化锶、氯化钡、氯化镭、氯化锌、氯化铜、氯化镍、氯化钴、氯化铁、氯化亚铁、氯化锰、氯化铬、氯化钒、四氯化钛、氯化钪、氯化铝、氯化镓、氯化铟、氯化铊、氯化锡、氯化铅、氯化镉、氯化钯、氯化铑、氯化钌、氯化锆、氯化铪、三氯化锇、氯化铂、氯化金和氯化汞中的至少一种。由此,在喷射纺丝的过程中,在氯化物的作用下,可以得到层状结构的无机纤维气凝胶材料,大大提高无机纤维气凝胶材料的可压缩性能。
根据本发明的实施例,为了促进无机前驱体的水解,纺丝前驱体混合液中进一步包括催化剂。在本发明的实施例中,所述催化剂选自磷酸、硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、甲酸、醋酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、草酸和马来酸中的至少一种。由此,在上述催化剂的作用下,无机前驱体可以快速、有效地、更充分地水解成无机氧化物,进而有利于后续得到性能优异的无机纤维气凝胶材料。
根据本发明的实施例,上述各个试剂、组分的混合的具体工艺没有限制要求,本领域技术人员可以根据实际需求灵活设定。在本发明的一些实施例中,将无机前驱体、催化剂和氯化物分别加入到高分子溶液中,通过搅拌得到具有一定粘度的纺丝前驱体混合液;在本发明的另一些实施例中,先将无机前驱体、催化剂和氯化物混合之后,再加入到高分子溶液中,通过搅拌得到具有一定粘度的纺丝前驱体混合液。其中,搅拌的具体方式也没有限定要求,可以是机械搅拌,也可以是磁力搅拌,在此不作限制要求。
根据本发明的实施例,为了得到性能较佳的无机纤维气凝胶材料,纺丝前驱体混合液包括:2~30重量份的高分子材料;100重量份的溶剂;0.5~100重量份的无机前驱体;0.001~1重量份的催化剂;及1~100重量份的氯化物。由此,上述配比制备的无机纤维气凝胶材料具有良好的可压缩性、柔韧性,具有各向异性的层状结构,其中,氯化物的用量可以有效保证无机纤维气凝胶的层状结构;若氯化物的用量偏低,则无机纤维气凝胶材料的层状结构不明显,导致其可压缩性能相对较差;若氯化物的用量偏多,也会造成无机纤维气凝胶材料的可压缩性能变差。
S200:对纺丝前驱体混合液进行喷射纺丝,得到复合纤维气凝胶。在该过程中,在氯化物的作用下,得到的复合纤维气凝胶为多层堆叠的层状结构,使其具有各向异性,使得最终得到的无机纤维气凝胶材料可以裁剪成所需的形状,堆叠得到所需的厚度。其中,“各向异性”是指相对无机纤维气凝胶材料中无机纤维层,从不同方向压缩无机纤维气凝胶材料,其可压缩性能不同,恢复性能不同,比如从垂直于无机纤维层的方向压缩无机纤维气凝胶材料,无机纤维气凝胶材料可以完全恢复原状(参照图2),而从平行于无机纤维层的方向压缩无机纤维气凝胶材料,无机纤维气凝胶材料则不能恢复原状(参照图3)。
根据本发明的实施例,利用喷射纺丝技术对纺丝前驱体混合液进行纺丝,利用压缩空气将所述纺丝前驱体混合液从喷射纺丝设备的喷丝口喷出,具体的:喷射纺丝采用一对同轴喷嘴,利用压缩空气将纺丝前驱体混合液经内喷嘴挤出,高速气流经外喷嘴喷出,纺丝前驱体混合液在高速气流的剪切作用下形成聚合物射流,在到达接收装置的过程中,射流进一步发生分裂、牵伸、细化,同时溶剂不断挥发,纤维成形固化并收集于接收装置(也可称“接收器”)上。与静电纺丝相比,喷射纺丝设备简单,以高速气流作为驱动力,不需要高压静电场,具有更高的纺丝效率,并且复合纤维气凝胶可以沉积在任何基底上。因此,采用喷射纺丝技术大规模制备具有高可压缩性和耐高温性能的无机纤维气凝胶材料具有重要意义。
根据本发明的实施例,接收装置的具体种类没有限制要求,本领域技术人员可以根据实际需求灵活选择。在本发明的一些实施例中,接收装置包括但不限于金属网、塑料网和无纺布。
根据本发明的实施例,为了得到可压缩性强、柔韧性佳等性能优异的无机纤维气凝胶材料,在喷射纺丝中,纺丝前驱体混合液的挤出速度为0.1~15毫升/小时(比如0.1mL/h、0.5mL/h、1mL/h、2mL/h、3mL/h、4mL/h、5mL/h、6mL/h、7mL/h、8mL/h、9mL/h、10mL/h、11mL/h、12mL/h、13mL/h、14mL/h、15mL/h),喷丝口与接收器之间的距离为20~100厘米(比如20cm、30cm、40cm、50cm、60cm、70cm、80cm、90cm、100cm),压缩空气的气流流速为1~50米/秒(比如1m/s、5m/s、10m/s、15m/s、20m/s、25m/s、30m/s、35m/s、40m/s、45m/s、50m/s)。由此,可以制备性能优异的无机纤维气凝胶材料。
S300:对复合纤维气凝胶进行煅烧处理,得到各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料。在该过程中,通过煅烧处理,高分子材料会被分解成二氧化碳、水等小分子,进而将高分子材料除去,得到无机纤维气凝胶材料,使得层状结构的无机纤维气凝胶材料具有优异的耐火性能、良好的耐高低温性能(在-196℃和1000℃处理24小时后,无机纤维气凝胶材料均可以保持良好的压缩回弹性能)和热绝缘性能(无机纤维气凝胶材料的热导率低至0.034W/mK)。
根据本发明的实施例,为了充分地将高分子材料分解掉,煅烧处理的条件为:煅烧处理的温度以0.1~10℃/min的升温速度升至500℃~2000℃(比如500℃、800℃、1000℃、1300℃、1500℃、1800℃或2000℃),保温0~24小时(比如1小时、5小时、8小时、10小时、14小时、18小时、20小时或24小时),之后降温至室温,其中的具体参数本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况灵活设定即可。
根据本发明的实施例,上述无机纤维气凝胶材料的制备方法简单,易操作,制备成本低、效率高,易于工业化生产;由上述方法制备的无机纤维气凝胶材料是由多层堆叠的微纤维构成,具有各向异性的层状结构,可以裁切成所需的任意形状,以及堆叠成所需的厚度;而且制备的无机纤维气凝胶材料具有良好的柔韧性和可压缩性;无机纤维气凝胶材料的层状结构和无机组分使得气凝胶材料具有优异的耐火性、良好的耐高低温性以及热绝缘性,大大扩展了其应用领域。
在发明的一些实施例中,制备的无机纤维气凝胶材料的实物图参照图2、图3、图4和图5,其扫描电镜图(SEM)参照图6,无机纤维气凝胶材料具有良好的可压缩性和柔韧性,参照图2和图5;无机纤维气凝胶材料具有优异的耐火性能、良好的耐高低温性能(在-196℃和1000℃处理24小时后,无机纤维气凝胶材料均可以保持良好的压缩回弹性能)和热绝缘性能(无机纤维气凝胶材料的热导率低至0.034W/m K)。
在本发明的又一方面,本发明提供了一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料。根据本发明的实施例,所述各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料是由前面所述的方法制备得到的。由此,该无机纤维气凝胶材料是由多层堆叠的微纤维构成,具有各向异性的层状结构,可以裁切成所需的任意形状,以及堆叠成所需的厚度;而且,该无机纤维气凝胶材料具有良好的柔韧性和可压缩性;无机纤维气凝胶材料的层状结构和无机组分使得气凝胶材料具有优异的耐火性、良好的耐高低温性以及热绝缘性,大大扩展了其应用领域。
根据本发明的实施例,无机纤维气凝胶材料的体积密度为5~200mg/cm3(比如5mg/cm3、25mg/cm3、50mg/cm3、75mg/cm3、100mg/cm3、125mg/cm3、150mg/cm3、175mg/cm3、200mg/cm3、),无机纤维气凝胶材料中无机纤维的平均直径为0.2~10微米(比如0.2微米、0.5微米、1微米、2微米、4微米、6微米、8微米或10微米)。由此,无机纤维气凝胶材料的体积密度和无机纤维的直径范围较宽,本领域技术人员可以根据不同的需求和应用,制备体积密度和纤维直径不同的无机纤维气凝胶材料,满足不同的市场需求。
实施例
实施例1
一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的制备方法,采用以下工艺步骤:
(1)高分子溶液配制:将20g聚乙烯醇添加到100g去离子水中,在90℃条件下以800rpm的转速搅拌溶解1h,得到高分子材料与溶剂质量比为20:100的聚乙烯醇溶液;
(2)纺丝前驱体混合液配制:将50g氧氯化锆、0.2g盐酸、40g氯化铁添加到上述聚乙烯醇溶液中,通过搅拌得到具有一定粘度的纺丝前驱体混合液;
(3)喷射纺丝:采用喷射纺丝技术用流速为5m/s的压缩空气将纺丝前驱体混合液以5mL/h的速度从喷丝口喷出,得到的纤维沉积在距离喷丝口60cm的金属网接收器上,得到复合纤维气凝胶;
(4)煅烧:将得到的复合纤维气凝胶以5℃/min的速度从室温升高到1000℃,保温1h,降至室温后得到各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料。
得到的各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的体积密度为15mg/cm3,室温热导率为0.037W/m K,纤维的平均直径为2.5μm。
实施例2
一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的制备方法,采用以下工艺步骤:
(1)高分子溶液配制:将5g聚氧化乙烯添加到100g去离子水中,在60℃条件下以800rpm的转速搅拌溶解1h,得到高分子材料与溶剂质量比为5:100的聚氧化乙烯溶液;
(2)纺丝前驱体混合液配制:将40g正硅酸乙酯、0.2g磷酸、30g氯化锰添加到上述聚氧化乙烯溶液中,通过搅拌得到具有一定粘度的纺丝前驱体混合液;
(3)喷射纺丝:采用喷射纺丝技术用流速为3m/s的压缩空气将纺丝前驱体混合液以5mL/h的速度从喷丝口喷出,得到的纤维沉积在距离喷丝口60cm的金属网接收器上,得到复合纤维气凝胶;
(4)煅烧:将得到的复合纤维气凝胶以5℃/min的速度从室温升高到1100℃,保温1h,降至室温后得到各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料。
所得产品各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的体积密度为19mg/cm3,室温热导率为0.038W/m K,纤维的平均直径为2.4μm。
实施例3
一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的制备方法,采用以下工艺步骤:
(1)高分子溶液配制:将12g聚乙烯醇添加到100g去离子水中,在80℃条件下以800rpm的转速搅拌溶解1h,得到高分子材料与溶剂质量比为12:100的聚乙烯醇溶液;
(2)纺丝前驱体混合液配制:将40g正硅酸乙酯、0.1g磷酸、35g氯化铝添加到上述聚乙烯醇溶液中,通过搅拌得到具有一定粘度的纺丝前驱体混合液;
(3)喷射纺丝:采用喷射纺丝技术用流速为5m/s的压缩空气将纺丝前驱体混合液以5mL/h的速度从喷丝口喷出,得到的纤维沉积在距离喷丝口60cm的金属网接收器上,得到复合纤维气凝胶;
(4)煅烧:将得到的复合纤维气凝胶以5℃/min的速度从室温升高到1000℃,保温1h,降至室温后得到各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料。
所得产品各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的体积密度为21mg/cm3,室温热导率为0.035W/m K,纤维的平均直径为2.7μm。
实施例4
一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的制备方法,采用以下工艺步骤:
(1)高分子溶液配制:将4g羧甲基纤维素添加到100g去离子水中,在40℃条件下以900rpm的转速搅拌溶解2h,得到高分子材料与溶剂质量比为4:100的羧甲基纤维素溶液;
(2)纺丝前驱体混合液配制:将40g乙酸锆、0.01g磷酸、30g氯化镁添加到上述羧甲基纤维素溶液中,通过搅拌得到具有一定粘度的纺丝前驱体混合液;
(3)喷射纺丝:采用喷射纺丝技术用流速为5m/s的压缩空气将纺丝前驱体混合液以5mL/h的速度从喷丝口喷出,得到的纤维沉积在距离喷丝口60cm的金属网接收器上,得到复合纤维气凝胶;
(4)煅烧:将得到的复合纤维气凝胶以5℃/min的速度从室温升高到1100℃,保温1h,降至室温后得到各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料。
所得产品各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的体积密度为20mg/cm3,室温热导率为0.034W/m K,纤维的平均直径为2.6μm。
实施例5
一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的制备方法,采用以下工艺步骤:
(1)高分子溶液配制:将15g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮添加到100g去离子水中,在70℃条件下以800rpm的转速搅拌溶解1h,得到高分子材料与溶剂质量比为15:100的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液;
(2)纺丝前驱体混合液配制:将50g氧氯化锆、0.01g硫酸、30g氯化锡添加到上述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液中,通过搅拌得到具有一定粘度的纺丝前驱体混合液;
(3)喷射纺丝:采用溶液喷射纺丝技术用流速为5m/s的压缩空气将纺丝前驱体混合液以5mL/h的速度从喷丝口喷出,得到的纤维沉积在距离喷丝口60cm的金属网接收器上,得到复合纤维气凝胶;
(4)煅烧:将得到的复合纤维气凝胶以5℃/min的速度从室温升高到1000℃,保温1h,降至室温后得到各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料。
所得产品各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的体积密度为25mg/cm3,室温热导率为0.037W/m K,纤维的平均直径为2.1μm。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。
Claims (10)
1.一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
将高分子溶液、无机前驱体和氯化物混合,得到纺丝前驱体混合液;
对所述纺丝前驱体混合液进行喷射纺丝,得到复合纤维气凝胶;
对所述复合纤维气凝胶进行煅烧处理,得到各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述高分子溶液包括高分子材料和溶剂,其中,所述高分子材料与所述溶剂的质量比为(2~30):100。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述纺丝前驱体混合液中进一步包括催化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述纺丝前驱体混合液包括:
2~30重量份的所述高分子材料;
100重量份的所述溶剂;
0.5~100重量份的所述无机前驱体;
0.001~1重量份的所述催化剂;及
1~100重量份的所述氯化物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述高分子材料选自聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、醋酸纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、聚偏氟乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚氧化乙烯、聚乳酸、聚酰胺、聚己内酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚苯胺、聚酰亚胺和聚碳酸酯中的至少一种;
任选地,所述溶剂选自水、甲酸、四氢呋喃、丙酮、丁酮、正己烷、环己烷、正庚烷、乙腈、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、1,2-丙二醇、氯仿、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、叔丁醇、正丁醇、甲苯、二甲苯、乙二胺、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和四氯化碳中的至少一种;
任选地,所述无机前驱体为氧氯化锆、乙酸锆、异丙醇铝、正丙醇锆、正硅酸乙酯和正硅酸甲酯中的至少一种;
任选地,所述催化剂选自磷酸、硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、甲酸、醋酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、草酸和马来酸中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述氯化物选自氯化锂、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化铷、氯化铯、氯化铍、氯化镁、氯化钙、氯化锶、氯化钡、氯化镭、氯化锌、氯化铜、氯化镍、氯化钴、氯化铁、氯化亚铁、氯化锰、氯化铬、氯化钒、四氯化钛、氯化钪、氯化铝、氯化镓、氯化铟、氯化铊、氯化锡、氯化铅、氯化镉、氯化钯、氯化铑、氯化钌、氯化锆、氯化铪、三氯化锇、氯化铂、氯化金和氯化汞中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,利用压缩空气将所述纺丝前驱体混合液从喷射纺丝设备的喷丝口喷出,在所述喷射纺丝中,所述纺丝前驱体混合液的挤出速度为0.1~15毫升/小时,所述喷丝口与接收器之间的距离为20~100厘米,所述压缩空气的气流流速为1~50米/秒。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述煅烧处理的条件为:所述煅烧处理的温度以0.1~10℃/min的升温速度升至500℃~2000℃,保温0~24小时,之后降温至室温。
9.一种各向异性层状无机纤维气凝胶材料,其特征在于,是由权利要求1~8中任一项所述的方法制备得到的。
10.根据权利要求9所述的无机纤维气凝胶材料,其特征在于,所述无机纤维气凝胶材料的体积密度为5~200mg/cm3,
任选地,所述无机纤维气凝胶材料中无机纤维的平均直径为0.2~10微米。
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