CN118489523A - Method for quickly converting purple soil coarse aggregate soil into good cultivated soil - Google Patents
Method for quickly converting purple soil coarse aggregate soil into good cultivated soil Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 227
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 19
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 7
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KAEAMHPPLLJBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[S-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] KAEAMHPPLLJBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003617 indole-3-acetic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 10
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 9
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N Sorbitan monooleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000192001 Pediococcus Species 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940008099 dimethicone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000011164 ossification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly converting purple soil coarse bone soil into good cultivated soil, which relates to the technical field of soil conversion and comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing coarse bone soil with organic waste to obtain coarse bone soil matrix, adding sulfur and microbial agent for the first time, and carrying out aerobic composting after uniformly mixing; (2) Aerating the coarse bone soil matrix two days before composting fermentation, and performing aerobic fermentation after aeration, wherein pile turning is performed once every 7 days during fermentation; (3) The composting temperature is less than or equal to 60 ℃ in the fermentation process, microbial agents are added for the second time in the high temperature period of fermentation, and fermentation is completed after fermentation is completed for 30-40 days, so that mature soil is obtained, and the problems of thicker coarse bone soil, poor cultivation performance, weak water and fertilizer retaining capability, low microbial fertility and the like are solved, and the natural soil forming time is long.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil transformation, in particular to a method for quickly transforming purple soil coarse bone soil into good cultivated soil.
Background
The total cultivated land area of the mature Yu two lands is 1.06 hundred million mu, the slope cultivated land area of Chongqing city is 86 percent, the slope cultivated land area above 25 degrees is about 16 percent, and the slope cultivated land area of Sichuan province is 75.9 percent. This part of cultivated land has poor conditions, resulting in low cultivated land force in the area. In 2022, the quality grade of the Sichuan province is 5.39, the Chongqing city is 9.8, and the like, which are lower than the grade of the national average of 4.76. Wherein, coarse ossification is one of the main obstacle factors facing sloping farmland in Yu-forming areas.
Coarse bone soil has obvious coarse bone characteristics due to rough terrain in hilly areas, large ground gradient, deep cutting, shallow upper body, heavy wind erosion and water erosion, easy leaching of fine-grained substances and increased residual coarse bone scraps in soil bodies. And partial parent rock is subjected to physical weathering particularly strong under dry and wet conditions, and deep semi-weathered soil bodies can be formed in long soil-forming years, so that the fine materials are few, and the sand content is particularly high. Most of the coarse bone soil is distributed in the edge hilly area, and most of vegetation is sparse shrubs and is not suitable for reclamation planting. Because the soil body contains a large amount of parent rock scraps, coarse bone soil is a type of soil with poor production performance, and is generally not suitable for agriculture, and is not beneficial to cultivation and growth of crop root systems. Therefore, the invention aims to biologically strengthen the soil forming process of the coarse bone soil, quickly convert the coarse bone soil into soil with good cultivation, solve the problems of poor soil cultivation force of the coarse bone soil, shallow soil layer of the slope cultivation soil and the like, improve the soil force of the slope cultivation soil and ensure grain safety in a power assisting area.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for quickly converting purple soil coarse aggregate into good cultivated soil, which solves the problems of coarse cultivated land, poor cultivation performance, weak water and fertilizer retention capacity, low microbial fertility and the like of coarse aggregate and long natural soil forming time.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical proposal:
A method for rapidly converting purple soil coarse aggregate into good cultivated soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing coarse bone soil with organic waste to obtain coarse bone soil matrix, adding sulfur and microbial agent for the first time, and uniformly mixing to obtain compost;
(2) Aeration fermentation, wherein the pile is turned over once every 7 days during the fermentation period;
(3) The composting temperature is less than or equal to 60 ℃ in the fermentation process, microbial agents are added for the second time in the high temperature period of fermentation, and fermentation is completed after the total fermentation time is 30-40 days, so that mature soil is obtained;
the high temperature period is typically 10-15 days of the composting reaction.
Further, the water content of the compost is detected to be as low as 40% on the 30 th to 40 th days of the compost fermentation, and the compost is finished.
Because the hillside fields in the Chongyu area are more, the occupation ratio of coarse aggregate soil in the hillside fields is higher, and because the soil body contains a large amount of mother rock fragments, the coarse aggregate soil is unfavorable for cultivation and growth of crop root systems, so the invention utilizes a biological strengthening method to promote the rapid soil formation of the coarse aggregate soil, and solves the problems.
The organic waste can be livestock manure, crop straw, tail vegetables, pericarps, mushroom residues and the like.
Further, the content of coarse aggregate in the coarse aggregate matrix is less than or equal to 40%, the addition of sulfur is less than or equal to 1% of the total mass of the coarse aggregate matrix, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic waste is 25-45, the pH=5.5-9.5, and the water content is 40-65%, the microbial activity is high in the aerobic composting process, the biological effect is obvious, the organic waste is combined with a sulfur simple substance to be converted into sulfuric acid, the formation of the sulfuric acid can accelerate the weathering process of soil, and the size fraction of the soil is promoted to be reduced;
Further, the microbial agent is one or a mixture of more than one of saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bifidobacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus and indole-3-acetic acid producing bacteria, such as common lactobacillus Pediococcus and homofermentation lactobacillus; the total amount of addition is 0.1% of the mass of the organic waste, and is usually divided into two additions, wherein the first addition is carried out during composting and the second addition is carried out during a high-temperature period, and the two additions have the same amount.
Further, during the fermentation period, the composting temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃ 10 days before fermentation, the composting temperature is less than or equal to 60 ℃ 10-25 days after fermentation, and the composting temperature is less than or equal to 50 ℃ 25 days after fermentation.
Further, ferric chloride or ferric sulfide is added after the 10 th day of fermentation, and the addition amount of the ferric chloride or the ferric sulfide is less than or equal to 0.25% of the total mass of the coarse bone soil matrix.
According to the invention, iron sulfide or ferric chloride is added, the formed acidic substance can further enable coarse bone soil to be thinned, and meanwhile, the iron oxide can enable organic carbon to be better combined with soil for extraction, so that the holding effect of the organic carbon in the soil is improved.
The invention also pretreats the coarse bone soil on the basis that the coarse bone soil is subjected to pretreatment, so that the rock fragments in the coarse bone soil are more thoroughly converted, especially for large-particle fragments, and loose and nutritional cultivation soil is further formed in the soil forming process. The course of the formation of coarse bone soil is affected by a number of factors, in addition to the maternal factors, biological and environmental factors are also important. The invention further enhances the decomposition effect of microorganisms on the coarse bone soil in the later composting process through the coarse bone soil pretreatment step, and simultaneously accelerates the soil formation of the coarse bone soil by cooperating with the temperature control of the composting process.
Further, the coarse bone soil is pretreated and then mixed with organic waste, and the pretreatment steps are as follows:
Mixing silicone oil with an emulsifier and water, and dispersing at a high speed for 1-2h at 50-60 ℃ to obtain a silicone oil emulsion; mixing carrageenan, gelatin and water to prepare a mixed glue solution, and mixing silicone oil emulsion and the mixed glue solution according to a mass ratio of 5:3, adding methionine solution after mixing in mass ratio, stirring and dispersing for 20-30min, and then adding gluconic acid to obtain emulsion;
Adding emulsion with the weight of 10-20% of the total weight of the coarse bone soil into the coarse bone soil, stirring uniformly, standing for 1-2 days, and finishing pretreatment of the coarse bone soil.
The emulsion prepared by the invention has certain hydrophobicity, the surface of the coarse bone soil has certain hydrophobic property in the initial fermentation stage after being mixed with the coarse bone soil, microorganisms are gathered on the water-oil two-phase interface, namely the surface of the coarse bone soil during fermentation, and meanwhile, silicone oil, methionine and gluconic acid are added into the emulsion to promote microbial agents to generate more active substances such as protein, polysaccharide and enzyme to be attached to the surface of the coarse bone soil, the generated bioactive substances act on the coarse bone soil to accelerate the decomposition of the coarse bone soil, in addition, the microbial agents themselves can generate organic acid active substances during the fermentation process, and the added emulsion can stimulate microorganisms to generate more organic acids to carry out complex reaction with metal ions in the coarse bone soil, so that the chemical property of the coarse bone soil is changed to accelerate the decomposition effect, and the particle size is reduced. The microbial agent does not form dominant bacteria at the beginning of fermentation, at this time, the stability of emulsion needs to be maintained, and the addition of carrageenan and gelatin not only can maintain the stability of emulsion, but also can further maintain the stability of emulsion when the coarse bone soil is in the decomposition process, but the effect of adding carrageenan and gelatin is not only for promoting the microbial agent to generate more active substances and stabilize the emulsion and promote the decomposition of coarse bone soil, the carrageenan and gelatin are both natural colloids with degradability, when the active substances generated by microorganisms are adsorbed on the surface of the coarse bone soil and then are in complexation with metal ions to form an organic coating layer, and the coating layer is similar to a protective film, so that the reactivity of the active substances is reduced, the entry of water molecules is blocked, but also the decomposition of coarse bone soil is slowed down, therefore, when the microbial agent forms dominant bacteria in the fermentation process and a large amount of organic acid is generated by the organic waste fermentation, the hydrophobic quality of the emulsion needs to be reduced or eliminated after the coarse bone soil is in the synergistic decomposition, the formation speed of the coating layer is required to be reduced so as to promote the entry of organic acid, the carrageenan and gelatin is utilized or degraded in the middle stage, and the hydrophobic property enters the coarse bone soil in the high-speed decomposition process. At this time, the residual substances such as gluconic acid and the like can be complexed with metal ions of the coarse bone soil to accelerate the decomposition of the coarse bone soil.
Further, the emulsifier may be selected from Span, tween, such as Span-80, tween-60.
Further, the viscosity of the silicone oil is 200-300cst, and the concentration of the silicone oil emulsion is 10-15%.
Further, the mass ratio of the carrageenan to the gelatin to the water is 0.5:0.1:10.
Further, the mass ratio of methionine, gluconic acid and silicone oil emulsion is (1-2): (2-4): 10.
Further, the methionine solution has a concentration of 5-10wt%.
Further, the soil transformed by the method of the present invention is supplemented to a thickened soil layer on the barren land, and then plants are planted on the land to form a stabilized soil layer.
The beneficial effects are that:
The invention adopts a biological strengthening method to accelerate the soil forming process of the coarse bone soil, solves the problems of coarse soil texture, low nutrient content, water leakage and fertilizer leakage and unfavorable crop growth, has short soil forming time, rich nutrition after soil forming, is beneficial to improving the land utilization rate, and finally obtains the soil with the particle size of 0.25-2mm, the particle size of the soil is proper, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is between 12-15, and the soil has high activity and sufficient fertility.
Drawings
Fig. 1: sample graph after coarse bone soil conversion;
fig. 2: a ryegrass planting experimental process;
Fig. 3: and (5) a ryegrass harvesting graph.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings:
the crude bone soil transformed in this example is crude bone soil in purple soil in the Chongqing region, and the crude bone soil sample is derived from: the Jiangjin area of Chongqing city is suitable for mechanically reforming newly reclaimed farmlands.
Example 1:
(1) Mixing coarse bone soil and organic waste to obtain coarse bone soil matrix, wherein the weight of coarse bone soil accounts for 40% of the total mass of the coarse bone soil matrix, the mass of organic waste accounts for 60% of the total mass of the coarse bone soil matrix, adding sulfur accounting for 0.25% of the total mass of the coarse bone soil matrix and lactobacillus Pediococcus accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the organic waste, and uniformly mixing to obtain compost;
The organic waste mainly comprises orange peel, residual fruit residue after juice is squeezed and vinasse waste, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25-45, the pH value is 5.5-9.5, the water content is 40-65%, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25, the pH value is about 7, and the water content is 50%;
(2) Aerating the coarse bone soil matrix two days before composting fermentation, performing aerobic fermentation after the aeration, turning over the pile once every 7 days during the fermentation, adding ferric chloride in the total amount of 0.25% of the total mass of the coarse bone soil matrix in the 10 th day of fermentation, and adding lactobacillus in the second time of the 12 th day of fermentation at Wen Qiyao th day of high, wherein the added amount is 0.05% of the mass of the organic waste; the composting reaction is carried out in an airflow film or covered with a plastic film to reduce the generation of malodorous gas in the composting process and improve the bio-enhancement effect;
(3) The whole fermentation time is 40 days, the composting temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃ 10 days before fermentation, the composting temperature is less than or equal to 60 ℃ 10-25 days after fermentation, the composting temperature is less than or equal to 50 ℃ 25 days after fermentation, and mature soil is obtained after fermentation for 40 days.
Example 2:
(1) Mixing dimethyl silicone oil (200 cst), an emulsifier Span-80 with the mass of 20% of the silicone oil and water, and dispersing at a high speed for 2 hours at 50 ℃ to prepare a silicone oil emulsion with the emulsion concentration of 10% w/w;
carrageenan, gelatin and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.5:0.1:10, mixing the glue solution after mixing the glue solution in proportion;
The silicone oil emulsion and the mixed glue solution are mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:3, adding a 5wt% methionine solution after mixing, stirring and dispersing for 30min, and then adding gluconic acid, wherein the mass ratio of methionine, gluconic acid and silicone oil emulsion is 1:2:10, stirring and dispersing to obtain emulsion;
the added amount of the emulsion is 10% of the mass of the coarse bone soil, and the coarse bone soil is pretreated by standing for 1 day after being added and stirred uniformly;
(2) Mixing coarse bone soil and organic waste to obtain coarse bone soil matrix, wherein the weight of coarse bone soil accounts for 40% of the total mass of the coarse bone soil matrix, the mass of organic waste accounts for 60% of the total mass of the coarse bone soil matrix, adding sulfur accounting for 0.25% of the total mass of the coarse bone soil matrix and lactobacillus Pediococcus accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the organic waste, and uniformly mixing to obtain compost;
The organic waste mainly comprises orange peel, residual fruit residue after juice is squeezed and vinasse waste, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25-45, the pH value is 5.5-9.5, the water content is 40-65%, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25, the pH value is about 7, and the water content is 50%;
(2) Aerating the coarse bone soil matrix two days before composting fermentation, performing aerobic fermentation after the aeration, turning piles once every 7 days during the fermentation, adding ferric chloride in the 10 th day of the fermentation, wherein the total amount of the added ferric chloride is 0.25% of the total mass of the coarse bone soil matrix, and adding lactobacillus for the second time about 12 days during the high temperature period of the fermentation, wherein the added amount is 0.05% of the mass of the organic waste; the composting reaction is carried out in an airflow film or covered with a plastic film to reduce the generation of malodorous gas in the composting process and improve the bio-enhancement effect;
(3) The whole fermentation time is 30 days, the composting temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃ 10 days before fermentation, the composting temperature is less than or equal to 60 ℃ 10-25 days after fermentation, the composting temperature is less than or equal to 50 ℃ 25 days after fermentation, and mature soil is obtained after fermentation for 30 days.
Example 3:
(1) Mixing dimethyl silicone oil (200 cst), an emulsifier Span-80 with the mass of 20% of the silicone oil and water, and dispersing at a high speed for 1h at 60 ℃ to prepare a silicone oil emulsion with the emulsion concentration of 15% w/w;
carrageenan, gelatin and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.5:0.1:10, mixing the glue solution after mixing the glue solution in proportion;
The silicone oil emulsion and the mixed glue solution are mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:3, adding 10wt% methionine solution after mixing, stirring and dispersing for 30min, and then adding gluconic acid, wherein the mass ratio of methionine, gluconic acid and silicone oil emulsion is 1:2:10, stirring and dispersing to obtain emulsion;
the added amount of the emulsion is 20% of the mass of the coarse bone soil, and the coarse bone soil is pretreated by standing for 2 days after being added and stirred uniformly;
(2) Mixing coarse bone soil and organic waste to obtain coarse bone soil matrix, wherein the weight of coarse bone soil accounts for 20% of the total mass of the coarse bone soil matrix, the mass of organic waste accounts for 80% of the total mass of the coarse bone soil matrix, adding sulfur accounting for 1% of the total mass of the coarse bone soil matrix and lactobacillus Pediococcus accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the organic waste, and uniformly mixing to obtain compost;
the organic waste mainly comprises orange peel, residual fruit residue after juice is squeezed and vinasse waste, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25-45, the pH value is 5.5-9.5, the water content is 40-65%, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 45, the pH value is about 8, and the water content is 60%;
(2) Aerating the coarse bone soil matrix two days before composting fermentation, and then performing aerobic fermentation, wherein aeration can be performed during the fermentation period, turning piles once every 7 days during the fermentation period, adding ferric chloride in the total amount of 0.25% of the total mass of the coarse bone soil matrix on the 10 th day of fermentation, and adding lactobacillus for the second time after the fermentation enters a high temperature period for about 12 days, wherein the added amount is 0.05% of the mass of the organic waste; composting reactions are carried out in sealed tanks to reduce sulfur emissions;
(3) The whole fermentation time is 30 days, the composting temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃ 10 days before fermentation, the composting temperature is less than or equal to 60 ℃ 10-25 days after fermentation, the composting temperature is less than or equal to 50 ℃ 25 days after fermentation, and mature soil is obtained after fermentation for 30 days.
After mature soil is obtained, the soil can be supplemented to the thickened soil layer of the barren land, then plants are planted on the land to form a stable soil layer, and the planted plants can be common plants such as ryegrass and the like.
Comparative example 1:
The present invention is in contrast to example 1, which differs from the main conversion process in that no sulphur is added.
Comparative example 2:
The invention is in contrast to example 1, which differs mainly in that no ferric chloride is added during the conversion.
Comparative example 3:
The invention is in contrast to example 2, which differs mainly in the composition of the emulsion, in particular in that only silicone oil emulsion is used, no mixed glue solution is added, and the specific preparation method is as follows:
mixing dimethyl silicone oil (200 cst), an emulsifier Span-80 with the mass of 20% of the silicone oil and water, and dispersing at a high speed for 2 hours at 50 ℃ to prepare a silicone oil emulsion with the emulsion concentration of 10% w/w;
Adding 5wt% methionine solution into silicone oil emulsion, stirring and dispersing for 30min, and then adding gluconic acid, wherein the mass ratio of methionine, gluconic acid and silicone oil emulsion is 1:2:10, stirring and dispersing to obtain emulsion;
The added amount of the emulsion is 10% of the mass of the coarse bone soil, and the coarse bone soil is pretreated by standing for 1 day after being added and stirred uniformly.
The subsequent processing is the same.
Comparative example 4:
the invention is in contrast to example 2, which differs mainly in the composition of the emulsion, in particular in that only a mixed glue solution is used, no silicone oil emulsion is added, and the silicone oil can only be prepared into glue solution because no silicone oil is present, and the specific preparation method is as follows:
carrageenan, gelatin and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.5:0.1:10, mixing the glue solution after mixing the glue solution in proportion;
adding 5wt% methionine solution into the mixed glue solution, stirring and dispersing for 30min, and then adding gluconic acid and water, wherein the mass ratio of methionine to gluconic acid to the mixed glue solution is 1:2:8, stirring and dispersing to obtain glue solution;
The added amount of the glue solution is 10% of the mass of the coarse bone soil, and the coarse bone soil is pretreated by standing for 1 day after being added and stirred uniformly;
The subsequent processing is the same.
Comparative example 5:
The invention is in contrast to example 2, which differs mainly in the composition of the emulsion, in particular in the absence of methionine, and in particular in the preparation method as follows:
mixing dimethyl silicone oil (200 cst), an emulsifier Span-80 with the mass of 20% of the silicone oil and water, and dispersing at a high speed for 2 hours at 50 ℃ to prepare a silicone oil emulsion with the emulsion concentration of 10% w/w;
carrageenan, gelatin and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.5:0.1:10, mixing the glue solution after mixing the glue solution in proportion;
The silicone oil emulsion and the mixed glue solution are mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:3, adding the gluconic acid into the mixture for stirring and dispersing, wherein the mass ratio of the gluconic acid to the silicone oil emulsion is 2:10, stirring and dispersing to obtain emulsion;
the added amount of the emulsion is 10% of the mass of the coarse bone soil, and the coarse bone soil is pretreated by standing for 1 day after being added and stirred uniformly;
The subsequent processing is the same.
Comparative example 6:
The invention is in contrast to example 2, which differs mainly in the composition of the emulsion, in particular in that no gluconic acid is added, and the specific preparation method is as follows:
mixing dimethyl silicone oil (200 cst), an emulsifier Span-80 with the mass of 20% of the silicone oil and water, and dispersing at a high speed for 2 hours at 50 ℃ to prepare a silicone oil emulsion with the emulsion concentration of 10% w/w;
carrageenan, gelatin and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.5:0.1:10, mixing the glue solution after mixing the glue solution in proportion;
The silicone oil emulsion and the mixed glue solution are mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:3, adding the mixture into a 5wt% methionine solution, stirring and dispersing for 30min, wherein the mass ratio of methionine to silicone oil emulsion is 1:10, stirring and dispersing to obtain emulsion;
the added amount of the emulsion is 10% of the mass of the coarse bone soil, and the coarse bone soil is pretreated by standing for 1 day after being added and stirred uniformly;
The subsequent processing is the same.
Comparative example 7:
The invention is in contrast to example 2, which differs mainly in the composition of the emulsion, in particular in that the viscosity of the dimethicone is 500cst, the preparation method is unchanged but the amount of emulsifier Span-80 added is 50% of the mass of the silicone oil.
The rest of the processing is the same.
Comparative example 8:
the invention is in contrast to example 2, which differs mainly in the components of the emulsion, in particular in that gelatin is replaced by common sodium alginate, and the preparation method of the mixed gelatin solution is as follows:
Carrageenan, sodium alginate and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.5:0.05:10, mixing the glue solution after mixing the glue solution in proportion;
The rest of the processing is the same.
Comparative example 9:
the invention is compared with the embodiment 2, the difference is mainly that the components of the emulsion are different, and in particular, carrageenan is replaced by common sodium alginate, and the preparation method of the mixed glue solution is as follows:
Sodium alginate, gelatin and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.2:0.1:10, mixing the glue solution after mixing the glue solution in proportion;
The rest of the processing is the same.
Experiment:
1. the above-described methods of example 1, example 2, and comparative examples 1 to 9 were conducted on raw bone soil and then the raw bone soil was examined.
The coarse bone soil is derived from a newly reclaimed farmland suitable for mechanized transformation in Jiangjin area of Chongqing city, and the initial conditions are that the pH=7.0, the TP is 0.444g/kg, the TN is 2.147g/kg, the TK is 23.474g/kg, the SOC is 2.24g/kg, the soil particle size is 2-5mm 100% (the farmland soil particle size is all between 2-5 mm).
Among them, the fermentation time of example 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2 was 40 days, and the fermentation time of example 2 and comparative examples 3 to 9 was 30 days.
The results of the fermentation were counted and are shown in tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
2. Potting experiment:
Pot experiments were carried out in a greenhouse and approximately 500g of soil treated with soil was transferred to pots with capacity, each treatment being set to 3 replicates. Equal amounts of fertilizer, namely 0.76g urea, 1.16g diammonium phosphate and 0.70g potassium chloride per pot, were applied to all soils, and 40 ryegrass seeds were applied per pot. The water content of the soil during potting maintains 70% of the field water holding capacity. After culturing for 40 days, harvesting, and measuring indexes such as plant height, overground part content, dry weight fresh weight and the like. CK is raw soil.
The data obtained are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 Table 3
Analysis of the data in tables 1-3 shows that:
1. As can be seen from comparison of the example 1 and the comparative examples 1-2, the soil particle size distribution of 0.25-2mm occupies 57.45% and 30.4% and 30.91% in 40 days of fermentation time, and the example 1 is mainly concentrated in the particle size distribution of 0.5-1mm, which shows that coarse bone soil in purple soil can be rapidly formed after being treated by the method, the soil particle size is proper, and the growth condition of ryegrass can be seen after being planted, so that the method is suitable for being used as farmland soil. Meanwhile, sulfur and ferric chloride can promote the conversion of coarse bone soil, and are favorable for the fixation of organic carbon and the improvement of the carbon-nitrogen ratio.
2. In the embodiment 2, the pretreatment step of the coarse aggregate is added, compared with the pretreatment of the coarse aggregate in the embodiment 1, the fermentation time can be obviously shortened, the content of the soil with the particle size of 2-5mm can be obviously reduced, the particle size distribution condition of the soil at 0.25-2mm can be improved, the method belongs to the cultivated land soil with proper particle size and better grain size, and compared with the embodiment 1, the method can also obviously improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio, improve the fertility of the soil, improve the soil activity and enable the growing condition of ryegrass to be better.
3. In example 2, crude bone soil treated with the silicone oil emulsion or the mixed glue solution was not prepared as compared with comparative examples 3 and 4, but the soil particle size was somewhat reduced, but up to 50% or more of crude bone soil was still present in the soil in the region of 2-5mm, indicating incomplete soil conversion and more conversion inhibition than in example 2. The method is characterized in that microorganisms act on coarse bone soil in the fermentation process, glue solution and silicone oil emulsion in the added emulsion act on the propagation and growth of microorganisms together and influence the surface properties of the coarse bone soil, the silicone oil emulsion is singly adopted to enable the surface of the coarse bone soil to be a certain hydrophobic property at the initial stage but difficult to maintain stability, so that the emulsion is separated from the surface of the coarse bone soil too early, only mixed glue solution is adopted, carrageenan and gelatin are only used as nutrient components of microorganisms, the promotion effect is ended before dominant flora is established, and the particle size distribution of the main soil is more than 1mm, so that incomplete conversion, poor nutrient components of the soil and poor growth conditions of ryegrass are caused.
4. Comparative examples 5 to 9 are all comparisons of raw material selection, and from the aspect of the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil, the lower nitrogen loss is larger than that of example 2, the poor activity of the nutrient components of the soil after transformation is low, the growth condition of ryegrass is poor, and meanwhile, the soil content with the particle size of 2-5mm is more, so that the conversion of coarse bone soil is not thorough. The methionine and the gluconic acid are adhered to the surface of the coarse bone soil in a double-phase interface formed by substances such as silicone oil and the like, so that microorganisms are promoted to generate active substances and wrap the active substances on the coarse bone soil, the decomposition of the coarse bone soil is accelerated, meanwhile, the viscosity of the silicone oil is proper, the too high viscosity value can cause the growth of unsuitable microorganisms with excessively strong adhesion performance and the penetration of the active substances, the transformation of the coarse bone soil is slowed down, and large-particle-size soil particles are more; the method has the advantages that the gelatin or the carrageenan is replaced by the sodium alginate, so that the soil with the grain diameter of 1-2mm after the soil is transformed is larger, and the probability is that the degradation speed of microorganisms on the sodium alginate, the gelatin and the carrageenan is different, so that the hydrophobic elimination effect is different, and the decomposition rate of coarse bone soil is influenced, so that the method has a better effect after the gelatin and the carrageenan are compounded.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention. The technology, shape, and construction parts of the present invention, which are not described in detail, are known in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapidly converting purple soil coarse aggregate into good cultivated soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing coarse bone soil with organic waste to obtain coarse bone soil matrix, adding sulfur and microbial agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain compost;
(2) Performing aeration fermentation, wherein the pile is turned over once every 7 days;
(3) The composting temperature is less than or equal to 60 ℃ in the fermentation process, microbial agents are added for twice at the fermentation height Wen Qidi, and the fermentation is completed after the total fermentation time is 30-40 days, so that mature soil is obtained.
2. The method for quickly converting purple soil coarse-bone soil into good cultivated soil according to claim 1, wherein the coarse-bone soil content in the coarse-bone soil matrix is less than or equal to 40%, the sulfur addition amount is less than or equal to 1% of the total mass of the coarse-bone soil matrix, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic waste is 25-45, the pH=5.5-9.5, and the water content is 40-65%.
3. The method for rapidly converting purple soil coarse bone soil into good cultivated soil according to claim 2, wherein the microbial agent is one or more of saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bifidobacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and indole-3-acetic acid producing bacteria, and the total addition amount is 0.1% of the mass of the organic waste.
4. A method for the rapid conversion of purple soil coarse bone soil into well-cultivated soil according to claim 3, wherein during the fermentation, the composting temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃ 10 days before fermentation, the composting temperature is less than or equal to 60 ℃ 10-25 days after fermentation, and less than or equal to 50 ℃ 25 days after fermentation.
5. The method for rapidly converting purple soil coarse bone soil into good cultivated soil according to claim 4, wherein ferric chloride or ferric sulfide is added after the 10 th day of fermentation, and the addition amount of the ferric chloride or the ferric sulfide is less than or equal to 0.25% of the total mass of coarse bone soil matrix.
6. The method for rapidly converting purple soil coarse soil into well-cultivated soil according to claim 5, wherein the coarse soil is pre-treated and then mixed with organic waste, the pre-treatment steps are as follows:
Mixing silicone oil with an emulsifier and water, and dispersing at a high speed for 1-2h at 50-60 ℃ to obtain a silicone oil emulsion; mixing carrageenan, gelatin and water to prepare a mixed glue solution, and mixing silicone oil emulsion and the mixed glue solution according to a mass ratio of 5:3, adding methionine solution after mixing in mass ratio, stirring and dispersing for 20-30min, and then adding gluconic acid to obtain emulsion;
Adding emulsion with the weight of 10-20% of the total weight of the coarse bone soil into the coarse bone soil, stirring uniformly, standing for 1-2 days, and finishing pretreatment of the coarse bone soil.
7. The method for rapidly converting purple soil coarse soil into good cultivated soil according to claim 6, wherein the viscosity of the silicone oil is 200-300cst, and the concentration of the silicone oil emulsion is 10-15%.
8. The method for quickly converting purple soil coarse bone soil into good cultivated soil according to claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of carrageenan to gelatin to water is 0.5:0.1:10.
9. The method for rapidly converting purple soil coarse into well-cultivated soil according to claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of methionine, gluconic acid and silicone oil emulsion is (1-2): (2-4): 10.
10. A method for the rapid conversion of purple earth raw aggregate to well-cultivated soil according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the converted soil is supplemented to barren land to thicken the soil layer, and plants are subsequently planted on the land to form a stabilized soil layer.
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