CN117842958A - 一种焦磷酸锂的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
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- MVGWWCXDTHXKTR-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetralithium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O MVGWWCXDTHXKTR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940048084 pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].OP(O)([O-])=O SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MRVHOJHOBHYHQL-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium metaphosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(=O)=O MRVHOJHOBHYHQL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- -1 lithium pyrophosphate modified lithium iron phosphate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GKGOCHJFNRQDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium [hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O GKGOCHJFNRQDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/38—Condensed phosphates
- C01B25/42—Pyrophosphates
- C01B25/425—Pyrophosphates of alkali metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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Abstract
本发明涉及焦磷酸锂制备技术领域,具体提供了一种焦磷酸锂的制备方法及应用,包括以下步骤:S1、将碳酸锂与水混合制成浆料,然后滴加焦磷酸至pH达到6.5‑7.5,反应结束后过滤;S2、向过滤所得滤液中加入醇类有机溶剂至焦磷酸锂完全析出,然后再过滤;S3、将步骤S2过滤所得固体产物干燥得到焦磷酸锂产品。本发明通过向碳酸锂浆料中缓慢滴加焦磷酸,反应得到焦磷酸锂,利用碳酸锂和磷酸锂不溶于或微溶于水,过滤即可去除大部分副产物,然后再利用醇类有机溶剂将焦磷酸锂析出,得到纯度高、颗粒小且均匀的焦磷酸锂产品,显著拓展其在电池材料领域的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及焦磷酸锂制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种焦磷酸锂的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车的发展,市场对锂动力电池的续航里程、循环性能及安全性要求越来越高,作为锂离子动力电池重要组成部分的正极材料,包括磷酸铁锂和三元正极材料,其对整个电池的电化学性能、安全性能和成本等起着关键性的作用。
目前,正极材料的性能改善研究主要有两个方向:1)表面包覆,即将正极材料分散在磷酸盐水溶液中,然后干燥并高温煅烧形成表面包覆层;2)掺杂,即在正极材料晶格中掺杂金属或非金属元素。其中,表面包覆研究主要用到的材料是焦磷酸锂,它是一种锂离子扩散的良好导体。如中国专利CN108511715A公开了一种表面包覆焦磷酸锂的锂离子电池三元材料的制备方法,以磷酸二氢锂调节三元材料原料溶液的pH为11~12,反应后经固液分离、洗涤、干燥得前驱体;将得到的前驱体在含氧气氛下450~550℃下保温退火,制得表面包覆有焦磷酸锂的锂离子电池三元材料,此专利实际是将磷酸二氢锂在碱性条件下以磷酸锂的形式沉淀在三元正极材料表面,进而干燥并高温煅烧形成焦磷酸锂包覆层,但磷酸锂在碱性条件下性质稳定,很难脱水形成焦磷酸锂。又如中国专利CN102244241A公开了一种焦磷酸锂修饰的磷酸铁锂复合材料的制备方法,以焦磷酸锂为包覆层对正极材料改性,具体方式是将磷酸铁锂前驱体与磷源、锂源及有机碳源在液态体系中球磨混匀,然后干燥并高温煅烧,形成焦磷酸锂包覆的磷酸铁锂正极材料,此过程可能会出现磷源、锂源分布不均,导致副反应的产生。
鉴于焦磷酸锂在正极材料改性中的作用及当前市场上尚未见焦磷酸锂单品的报道及售卖,有必要提供一种改进的焦磷酸锂的制备方法,以拓展焦磷酸锂的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种焦磷酸锂的制备方法及应用,通过向碳酸锂浆料中缓慢滴加焦磷酸,反应得到焦磷酸锂,利用碳酸锂和磷酸锂不溶于或微溶于水,过滤即可去除大部分副产物,然后再利用醇类有机溶剂将焦磷酸锂析出,得到纯度高、颗粒小且均匀的焦磷酸锂产品,显著拓展其在电池材料领域的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种焦磷酸锂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将碳酸锂与水混合制成浆料,然后滴加焦磷酸至pH达到6.5-7.5,反应结束后过滤;
S2、向S1过滤所得滤液中加入醇类有机溶剂至焦磷酸锂完全析出,然后再过滤;
S3、将步骤S2过滤所得固体产物干燥得到焦磷酸锂产品。
焦磷酸和碳酸锂在水溶液中酸碱中和反应,反应式如下:
2Li2CO3+H4P2O7=Li4P2O7+2H2O+2CO2↑
碳酸锂在水中的溶解度较小,将其与水混合制成浆料与焦磷酸进行液相反应,可以使得生成的焦磷酸锂溶于水中,且能提高反应原料的接触效率;反应完成后,由于碳酸锂和副产物之一的磷酸锂(焦磷酸遇水部分水解成磷酸,与碳酸锂反应生成磷酸锂)在水中的溶解度较小,因此可通过过滤去除副产物之一的磷酸锂和未反应完的碳酸锂。再利用焦磷酸锂溶于水不溶于甲醇或乙醇等醇类有机溶剂的特性,通过往溶液中加甲醇和/或乙醇降低焦磷酸锂在体系中的溶解度,从而析出产品。整个制备过程简单易操作,且产物纯度高,粒径小且均匀。
作为本发明的进一步改进,对于每100g原料碳酸锂的反应规模,所述焦磷酸的滴加速率为4-6g/min,若反应规模扩大或缩小,则滴加速率按照同样的比例扩大或缩小,如:原料碳酸锂若取200g,则滴加速率为8-12g/min。通过缓慢滴加焦磷酸,使得碳酸锂始终处于过量状态,能够立即与焦磷酸接触反应生成焦磷酸锂,尽可能地减少副产物磷酸锂的产生。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述碳酸锂与水的质量比为1:20-25。水的添加量如果过少,则生成的焦磷酸锂达到饱和时会析出,造成大量损失。本发明通过控制液固比,使得产物焦磷酸锂能够完全溶于水,提高最终提纯后的纯度。
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤S1在20-30℃下进行。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述醇类有机溶剂包括无水乙醇和/或无水甲醇。
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤S2包括:将滤液冰浴降温至10-15℃后加入醇类有机溶剂,继续搅拌20-30min后过滤;所述醇类有机溶剂的用量为所述滤液体积的0.1-1倍。降温更有利于焦磷酸锂的析出,从而提高收率。
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤S1中,所述焦磷酸滴加完后继续搅拌10-15min至反应结束。
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤S3包括:向步骤S2过滤所得固体产物中再次加入醇类有机溶剂,搅洗10-15min后,过滤干燥。通过醇类有机溶剂的多次析出,能够提高收率,尽可能地减少干燥前焦磷酸锂湿料中的含水量,从而防止干燥时结块,提高焦磷酸锂产品粒度的均匀性。
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤S3中所述醇类有机溶剂的用量为所述固体产物质量的0.5-1.2倍。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述干燥是在50-60℃、真空度-0.08MPa的真空干燥箱中干燥6-8h,得焦磷酸锂产品。
在一些具体实施方式中,焦磷酸锂的制备方法,包括:
1)取适量的高纯碳酸锂与纯水按固液比1:20-25制浆,滴加焦磷酸调节体系pH为6.5-7.5,反应结束后继续搅拌10-15min(此反应碳酸锂过量,保证反应终点pH在6.5以上);
2)将上述反应液过滤(过滤除去未反应的碳酸锂及生成的少量磷酸锂,所得溶液为焦磷酸锂净液),滤液置于烧杯中并搅拌,加入滤液体积0.1-1倍(优选为滤液体积0.1-0.2倍)的无水乙醇或无水甲醇,加完后冰浴降温至10-15℃继续搅拌0.5h,过滤;
3)将所得湿料用其0.9-1.1倍质量的无水乙醇或无水甲醇搅洗10-15min,过滤;
4)将搅洗后的湿料在50℃、真空度-0.08MPa的真空干燥箱中干燥8h,得焦磷酸锂干品。
本发明还提供一种以上任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的焦磷酸锂。焦磷酸锂的纯度大于98%,优选大于99%。
本发明还提供一种以上所述的焦磷酸锂的应用,所述焦磷酸锂锂用于离子固态电解质、磷酸铁锂材料包覆改性剂、三元材料包覆改性剂、正负极材料导电剂、正极材料补锂剂、负极材料预锂化剂、正极或负极材料无机导电胶粘剂或固态电解质界面剂的制备。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点和有益效果如下:
1、反应流程短,速度快,操作简单,且收率和纯度高,副产物少;
2、本发明在常温下即可反应,能耗低;
3、本发明采用的甲醇或乙醇环保、便宜,且易获取;
4、甲醇或乙醇析出焦磷酸锂是均相析出,可保证产品粒径的均一性。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
取100g高纯碳酸锂(纯度99.99%,下同,不赘述)于3000ml烧杯中,按液固质量比22:1加纯水搅拌,温度保持在25±2℃,然后滴加焦磷酸调节体系pH为7.5,滴加速率为5g/min,滴完后继续搅拌10min,过滤,得焦磷酸锂净液约2200ml(温度为22±2℃);上述净液置于冰浴中搅拌,待温度降为15℃后加200ml无水乙醇,有大量白色不溶物产生,继续搅拌0.5h后过滤,得焦磷酸锂湿品186.5g,用190g无水乙醇搅洗10min,然后过滤得焦磷酸锂湿品125.2g,然后将焦磷酸锂湿品置于真空度-0.08MPa的真空干燥箱中50℃干燥8h,得焦磷酸锂干品87.6g。检测结果如表1。
实施例2
取100g高纯碳酸锂于3000ml烧杯中,按固液质量比1:22加纯水搅拌,温度保持在25±2℃,然后滴加焦磷酸调节体系pH为7,滴加速率为4g/min,滴完后继续搅拌10min,过滤,得焦磷酸锂净液2200ml(温度为22±2℃);上述净液置于冰浴中搅拌,待温度降为15℃后加200ml无水乙醇,有大量白色不溶物产生,继续搅拌0.5h后过滤,得焦磷酸锂湿品211.6g,用200g无水乙醇搅洗10min,然后过滤得焦磷酸锂湿品141.5g,将焦磷酸锂湿品置于真空度-0.08MPa的真空干燥箱中50℃干燥8h,得焦磷酸锂干品100.5g。检测结果如表1。
对比例1
取100g高纯碳酸锂于3000ml烧杯中,按固液质量比1:22加纯水搅拌,温度保持在25±2℃,然后滴加焦磷酸调节体系pH为5.5,滴加速率为5g/min,滴完后继续搅拌10min,过滤,得焦磷酸锂净液2200ml(温度为22±2℃);上述净液置于冰浴中搅拌,待温度降为15℃后加200ml无水乙醇,有大量白色不溶物产生,继续搅拌0.5h后过滤,得焦磷酸锂湿品224.5g,用200g无水乙醇搅洗10min,然后过滤得焦磷酸锂湿品147.8g,将焦磷酸锂湿品置于真空度-0.08MPa的真空干燥箱中50℃干燥8h,得干品108.7g。检测结果如表1。
对比例2
取100g高纯碳酸锂于3000ml烧杯中,按固液质量比1:22加纯水搅拌,温度保持在25±2℃,然后滴加焦磷酸调节体系pH为7.5,滴加速率为5g/min,滴完后继续搅拌10min,过滤,得焦磷酸锂净液2000ml(温度为22±2℃);上述净液置于冰浴中搅拌,待温度降为15℃后继续搅拌0.5h,无固体析出。此过程表明,一定浓度下,焦磷酸锂的溶解度受温度影响较小,只通过降温并不能达到析出焦磷酸锂的目的。
对比例3
操作过程同实施例1,只是改变焦磷酸锂的加入方式,将滴加改为一次性加入,此时反应剧烈,溶液可能沸腾并溢出烧杯,终止反应。操作不可行的原因为:体系粘度较大,加上反应放热且有大量二氧化碳产生,气体膨胀后无法快速释放,同时副产物多,影响焦磷酸锂的生成。
对比例4
反应过程同实施例1,只是在得到2200ml焦磷酸锂净液后,直接蒸发结晶,蒸掉500ml水后过滤,所得物料做溶解性测试,测试过程如下:取20g湿物料,加100g纯水常温搅拌10min,过滤,得滤渣质量为18.7g。结果表明,焦磷酸锂在蒸发结晶过程中变质成其他溶解度较低的磷酸盐,例如磷酸锂、偏磷酸锂。与本发明的初衷相违背,故蒸发结晶方案不合适。
本发明纯度以产品中磷、锂含量来确定。通过XRD检测产品粒径、ICP检测产品中锂含量,焦磷酸根、焦磷酸氢根、焦磷酸二氢根检测方式参照食品添加剂焦磷酸钠阴离子检测方式(GB 1886.339-2021,七水硫酸锌滴定测焦磷酸根、氢氧化钠滴定测焦磷酸氢根和焦磷酸二氢根),结果如表1所示。随着体系pH值降低,有少量焦磷酸氢锂的产生,导致产品中锂含量下降。因此,本发明通过控制滴加过程及pH值,能够得到纯度较高的焦磷酸锂产品。
表1实施例及对比例干基测试结果
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种焦磷酸锂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将碳酸锂与水混合制成浆料,然后滴加焦磷酸至pH达到6.5-7.5,反应结束后过滤;
S2、向过滤所得滤液中加入醇类有机溶剂至焦磷酸锂完全析出,然后再过滤;
S3、将步骤S2过滤所得固体产物干燥得到焦磷酸锂产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的焦磷酸锂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述焦磷酸的滴加速率为4-6g/min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的焦磷酸锂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碳酸锂与水的质量比为1:20-25;步骤S1在20-30℃下进行。
4.根据权利要求1所述的焦磷酸锂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述醇类有机溶剂包括无水乙醇和/或无水甲醇。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的焦磷酸锂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2包括:将滤液冰浴降温至10-15℃后加入醇类有机溶剂,继续搅拌20-30min后过滤;所述醇类有机溶剂的用量为所述滤液体积的0.1-1倍。
6.根据权利要求1所述的焦磷酸锂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述焦磷酸滴加完后继续搅拌10-15min至反应结束。
7.根据权利要求1所述的焦磷酸锂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3包括:向步骤S2过滤所得固体产物中再次加入醇类有机溶剂,搅洗10-15min后,过滤干燥。
8.根据权利要求7所述的焦磷酸锂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中所述醇类有机溶剂的用量为所述固体产物质量的0.5-1.2倍;
和/或,所述干燥是在50-60℃、真空度-0.08MPa的真空干燥箱中干燥6-8h,得焦磷酸锂产品。
9.一种权利要求1-8中任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的焦磷酸锂。
10.一种权利要求9所述的焦磷酸锂的应用,其特征在于,所述焦磷酸锂锂用于离子固态电解质、磷酸铁锂材料包覆改性剂、三元材料包覆改性剂、正负极材料导电剂、正极材料补锂剂、负极材料预锂化剂、正极或负极材料无机导电胶粘剂或固态电解质界面剂的制备。
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