CN117102451A - Equipment for producing hollow alloy rod blank by continuous casting through electron beam cold bed smelting - Google Patents
Equipment for producing hollow alloy rod blank by continuous casting through electron beam cold bed smelting Download PDFInfo
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- CN117102451A CN117102451A CN202311097089.3A CN202311097089A CN117102451A CN 117102451 A CN117102451 A CN 117102451A CN 202311097089 A CN202311097089 A CN 202311097089A CN 117102451 A CN117102451 A CN 117102451A
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
- B22D11/141—Plants for continuous casting for vertical casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/0403—Multiple moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/0406—Moulds with special profile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/041—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for vertical casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
- C22B9/228—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by particle radiation, e.g. electron beams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to equipment for producing hollow alloy rod blanks by continuous casting through electron beam cold bed smelting, which mainly comprises a vacuum system, a power supply system, a water cooling system, a feeding mechanism and a furnace chamber, wherein a first electron gun, a second electron gun, a cold bed and an annular crystallizer are arranged in the furnace chamber; the first electron gun is positioned above the cooling bed, the second electron gun is positioned above the crystallizer, and the annular crystallizer comprises a water cooling outer ring and a water cooling inner core which are respectively provided with a cooling water path and are connected with the water cooling system, wherein the water cooling outer ring and the water cooling inner core are cylindrical and have the same axis; the ingot pulling barrel, the ingot pulling device and the centering rod are coaxial with the annular crystallizer. The equipment has high smelting temperature, short process flow, high material utilization rate, larger molding size and low cost; hollow rod blanks with different diameters can be produced, so that the product diversity is met, the equipment universality is enhanced, and the smelting cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal casting equipment, in particular to equipment for continuously casting hollow alloy rod blanks by electron beam cold bed smelting.
Background
With the rapid development of modern industry, the demand for metal products in various fields is increasing, especially in the fields of chemical industry, energy, aerospace and the like, and the demand for seamless metal pipes is increasing in multiple times. As is known, the production of the seamless pipe at present is carried out by a process of machining and drilling a solid rod blank, the process has high energy consumption, complex process and low material utilization rate, and the production cost is greatly increased. If the hollow metal rod blank is directly obtained through smelting and casting, the working procedures of machining, drilling and the like can be omitted in the production of the pipe, and the short-flow pipe blank manufacturing is realized, so that the cost is greatly reduced and the production efficiency is improved.
In the prior art, a graphite rod can be used as an inner crystallizer, and a hollow cast ingot is obtained after casting and forming. However, with this technique, firstly, since the graphite rod does not have a cooling function, the cooling effect of the inner surface of the hollow ingot is poor, and the ingot structure may not meet the use requirement; in addition, the strength of graphite is low, the cohesive force of the solidified hollow ingot is increased along with the increase of the ingot specification, and the crystallizer in the graphite rod is easy to crack when a large hollow ingot is cast, so that consumable materials are input, and the cost is increased; secondly, for metals with higher melting points and poorer fluidity, such as zirconium, niobium, alloys thereof and the like, it is difficult to obtain hollow bar blanks with large length-diameter ratio by casting molding; again, with highly reactive metals such as titanium, zirconium, niobium, alloys thereof, etc., the graphite internal mold may react with the molten metal, causing contamination. In view of the foregoing, there is a need in the industry for a cast molding process for making hollow alloy rod blanks.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the preparation problem of the hollow alloy rod blank, the invention realizes the continuous casting molding of the hollow alloy rod blank through the optimization design of the annular crystallizer and the ingot pulling mechanism on the basis of the electron beam cold bed smelting technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the equipment for continuously casting and producing hollow alloy rod blanks by electron beam cold bed smelting mainly comprises a vacuum system, a power supply system, a water cooling system, a feeding mechanism and a furnace chamber, wherein the feeding mechanism is welded on a square cavity on the furnace chamber, a first electron gun, a second electron gun, a cold bed and an annular crystallizer are arranged in the furnace chamber, the furnace chamber is mechanically and hermetically connected with an ingot pulling mechanism below the furnace chamber, and the furnace chamber is hermetically connected with the vacuum system; the ingot pulling mechanism comprises an ingot pulling barrel, an ingot puller, a centering rod and an ingot pulling power device; the first electron gun is positioned above the cooling bed and is used for melting alloy materials on the cooling bed; the second electron gun is positioned above the crystallizer and is used for keeping alloy materials in the annular crystallizer in a molten state; the annular crystallizer comprises a water cooling outer ring and a water cooling inner core which are respectively provided with a cooling water channel and are connected with the water cooling system, and the water cooling outer ring and the water cooling inner core are cylindrical and coaxial; the cooling bed is positioned below the outlet of the feeding mechanism; the pouring outlet of the cooling bed corresponds to the hollow annular structure of the annular crystallizer below; the ingot puller is in butt joint with the annular crystallizer; the ingot pulling barrel, the ingot pulling device and the centering rod are coaxial with the annular crystallizer.
Preferably, the water-cooling outer ring consists of two identical semicircular members, and the contact surfaces of the two semicircular members are respectively provided with a positioning groove and a positioning protrusion and are fastened by screws.
Preferably, each semicircular member comprises a semicircular member outer wall and a semicircular member inner wall which are connected in a welded mode, a plurality of spiral grooves are formed in the semicircular member outer wall and the semicircular member inner wall, a cooling water path without branches is formed, and the water inlet and the water outlet are correspondingly formed in two side faces of the semicircular member.
Preferably, the water-cooled inner core comprises a cover plate and a core body which are connected through bolts; the core body is cylindrical and provided with a cylindrical hollow inner cavity and consists of three identical core body petals, and is connected with the centering rod through bolts and sealed by adopting a sealing gasket; the cover plate is characterized in that a cone column is welded downwards at the center of the cover plate and corresponds to the inner cavity of the core body, the upper end of the cone column is a large-diameter end, and the lower end of the cone column is a small-diameter end, so that the split core body radially expands, and a gap of 0.3-0.5 mm is formed between two adjacent petals.
Preferably, each core segment comprises a circular arc outer wall, a circular arc inner wall, two plane side walls and a partition plate positioned at the center and vertical to the side walls; the outer wall, the inner wall and the side wall are the same in height and enclose an inner cavity of the core body valve, the bottom end of the partition board is level with the rest three, and the height of the partition board is 10mm lower than that of the rest three, the centering rod 8 is a cylindrical long rod with a cylindrical inner cavity and comprises a circular outer wall, a cylindrical inner rod and six webs for connecting the outer wall and the inner rod, so that six discrete inner cavities are formed; the web is opposite to the side wall of the core body lamella or the partition board, the inner cavity of the core body corresponds to the inner cavity of the centering rod, and three independent cooling waterways from bottom to top are formed.
The water-cooling outer ring of the annular crystallizer consists of two identical semicircular members, wherein special multiple channels are designed in the two semicircular members to form a branch-free waterway, and the contact surface of the two semicircular members is provided with a positioning groove and a positioning protrusion to ensure that the two semicircular members are bonded; the center of the cover plate of the water-cooling inner core is designed with a conical column, the upper end is a large-diameter end, the lower end is a small-diameter end, after the installation, the conical column radially expands split cores, so that a gap of 0.3-0.5 mm is formed between two adjacent split cores, when the cover plate is removed after a billet is cooled, the split cores can slightly radially move, and the split cores are prevented from being blocked; the core body in the water-cooled inner core consists of three identical core body valve pieces, and each valve piece is provided with a branch-free cooling water path; the water-cooled inner core in the annular crystallizer can be replaced according to the requirement, and rod blanks with different hollow diameters can be produced.
The invention combines the electron gun smelting technology to optimally design the annular crystallizer, solves the related problems in the field of alloy hollow bar manufacturing, and provides continuous casting equipment for large-size hollow cast ingots.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for producing hollow alloy rod blanks by electron beam cold bed smelting continuous casting according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the toroidal crystallizer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a semi-circular ring member of a water cooled outer ring of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a semicircular ring member according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the water-cooled inner core of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a core segment structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the centering rod of the present invention;
in the figure: 1 feeding mechanism, 2 furnace chamber, 3 annular crystallizer, 3-1 water-cooled outer ring, 3-1-1 semicircular component outer wall, 3-1-2 semicircular component inner wall, 3-1-3 water inlet, 3-1-4 water inlet, 3-2 water-cooled inner core, 3-2-1 cover plate, 3-2-2 core, 3-2-2-1 circular arc outer wall, 3-2-2 circular arc inner wall, 3-2-3 plane side wall, 3-2-2-4 partition plate, 4 cooling water, 5 ingot pulling barrel, 6 ingot puller, 7 alloy high temperature melt, 8 centering rod, 8-1 circular outer wall, 8-2 cylindrical inner rod, 8-3 web, 9 ingot pulling driving system, 10 vacuum equipment, 11 cooling bed, 12 ingot pulling mechanism, 13 first electron gun, 14 second electron gun,
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, an apparatus for producing hollow alloy rod blanks by continuous casting of electron beam cold bed smelting mainly comprises a feeding mechanism 1, a furnace chamber 2, a first electron gun 13, a second electron gun 14, an annular crystallizer 3, a vacuum system 10, a cold bed 11, an ingot pulling mechanism 12, a power supply system and a water cooling system, wherein the furnace chamber 2 and the ingot pulling mechanism 12 are connected in a mechanical sealing manner; the side wall of the furnace chamber 2 is welded with a flange, and a sealing gasket and the flange are connected with the vacuum equipment 10; the feeding mechanism 1 is a square cavity welded on the furnace chamber, one end of the feeding mechanism extends into the furnace chamber and above the cooling bed 11, the other end of the feeding mechanism extends out of the furnace chamber, a charging door is arranged above the extending part, the charging door is sealed by a sealing ring, and the feeding mode is that a threaded screw rod is used for pushing. The ingot pulling mechanism 12 comprises an ingot pulling barrel 5, an ingot puller 6, a centering rod 8 and an ingot pulling power device 9, wherein the ingot pulling speed of the ingot puller 6 is 1-10 mm/min. The specific ingot pulling speed is set according to the size and the material of the hollow alloy rod blank.
The first electron gun is positioned above the cooling bed and is used for melting alloy materials on the cooling bed; the second electron gun is positioned above the crystallizer and is used for keeping the alloy materials in the annular crystallizer in a molten state.
The cooling bed is positioned below the outlet of the feeding mechanism; the pouring outlet of the cooling bed corresponds to the hollow annular structure of the annular crystallizer below; the ingot puller 6 in the ingot pulling mechanism 12 is in butt joint with the annular crystallizer; the ingot pulling power device 9 is positioned below the ingot puller 6 and can enable the ingot pulling mechanism 12 to move up and down.
The equipment is used for continuously injecting alloy high-temperature molten metal 7 into an annular crystallizer 3 after smelting a metal raw material in a cooling bed 1 through an electron gun, and pulling down ingots at a certain speed through an ingot pulling mechanism 12, so that continuous molding of hollow bar blanks is realized.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the ring-shaped crystallizer 3 is installed in the furnace chamber 2, and the lower side is aligned with the drawing mechanism 12, and the ingot pulling barrel 5, the ingot puller 6 and the centering rod 8 are coaxial with the ring-shaped crystallizer 3 when installed.
The annular crystallizer 3 is composed of a water-cooling inner core 3-2 and a water-cooling outer ring 3-1, the water-cooling outer ring 3-1 is composed of two identical semicircular members, the two semicircular members are provided with cooling systems which are completely independent, and a positioning groove and a positioning protrusion are arranged on the contact surface of the two semicircular members to ensure that the two semicircular members are completely attached, and are fastened by screws after being attached.
The semicircular ring component of the water-cooling outer ring 3-1 comprises a semicircular ring component outer wall 3-1-1 and a semicircular ring component inner wall 3-1-2, the semicircular ring component outer wall 3-1-1 and the semicircular ring component inner wall 3-1-2 are connected through welding, special multi-channel grooves are designed in the semicircular ring component outer wall 3-1-1 and can be of an S-shaped or spiral structure to form a branch-free waterway, a water inlet 3-3-3 and a water outlet 3-3-4 are arranged on the side face of the semicircular crystallizer, cooling water 4 provided by the water cooling system enters the grooves through the water inlet 3-3-3 and flows out through the water outlet 3-3-4 to cool alloy rod blanks.
Preferably, the inner wall 3-1-2 of the semicircular member is provided with an upper horizontal plane and a lower horizontal plane which are protruded outwards, the groove structure is welded on the outer surface of the inner wall 3-1-2 of the semicircular member, the inner surface of the outer wall 3-1-1 of the semicircular member is concave, the groove structure can be accommodated, the upper horizontal plane and the lower horizontal plane of the groove structure are matched with the upper horizontal plane and the lower horizontal plane which are protruded outwards of the inner wall 3-1-2 of the semicircular member, and the inner wall and the outer wall are fixedly and hermetically connected through welding.
The annular crystallizer 3 is tightly pressed by an L-shaped pressing block and a bolt, and a water pipe inside the furnace chamber is connected to the outer wall of the furnace chamber 2 by adopting a copper pipe, so that the damage to high temperature is avoided, and the sealing is ensured.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the water-cooled inner core 3-2 comprises a cover plate 3-2-1 and a core body 3-2-2; the cover plate 3-2-1 is connected with the core body 3-2-2 through bolts and is sealed by a sealing gasket; the core body 3-2-2 and the centering rod 8 are connected by bolts with the same diameter and sealed by sealing gaskets.
The core body 3-2-2 is cylindrical and is provided with an inner cavity with two open ends, and consists of three identical core body petals, wherein each core body petal comprises an arc-shaped outer wall 3-2-2-1, an arc-shaped inner wall 3-2-2-2, two plane side walls 3-2-2-3 and a partition plate 3-2-2-4 positioned at the center; the heights of the outer wall, the inner wall and the side wall are the same, the inner cavity of the core body valve is surrounded, the bottom end of the partition board is flush with the rest three, and the height of the partition board is 10mm lower than that of the rest three, so that the core body valve and the cover plate 3-1 are connected to form a branch-free cooling water path.
The center of the cover plate 3-2-1 is designed with a cone column, the upper end is a large-diameter end, the lower end is a small-diameter end, after installation, the cone column enables split cores to radially expand, a gap of 0.3-0.5 mm is formed between two adjacent split cores, when a billet is cooled, the cover plate 3-2-1 is removed, and the cores 3-2-2 formed by three split cores can generate a small amount of radial movement to avoid being blocked.
As shown in fig. 7, the centering rod 8 is a cylindrical elongated rod having an inner cavity, comprising a circular outer wall 8-1, a cylindrical inner rod 8-2, and six webs 8-3 connecting the outer wall and the inner rod, thereby forming six separate inner cavities; when the radiator is installed, the radiator is opposite to the side wall of the core body valve or the partition plate, so that the inner cavity of the core body is opposite to the inner cavity of the centering rod one by one, and three independent cooling waterways are formed after connection. Each cooling water path is connected with a water cooling system.
The equipment can produce alloy hollow bar with the length of 10-500mm. The length of the bar is determined by the length of the ingot pulling barrel, and the maximum allowable ingot pulling space of the ingot pulling barrel is 500mm.
The water-cooling outer ring 3-1 in the annular crystallizer 3 and the water-cooling inner core 3-2 can be replaced according to the need, rod blanks with different hollow diameters can be produced, the minimum diameter of the hollow rod blank is determined according to the need of the minimum flow velocity in the water circulation, and the maximum inner diameter of the hollow rod is determined according to the size of the outer ring of the crystallizer. The diameter range of the center hole is 50-150 mm. The ingot head and the ingot puller 6 or the crystallizer 3 can be replaced according to the requirement, and the alloy can be continuously smelted and molded, and the smelting temperature is high, the process flow is short, the material utilization rate is high, the molding size is large and the cost is low.
The working flow of the equipment is that before smelting, the materials are loaded, then the furnace chamber is vacuumized, and the vacuum degree is pumped to 10 -3 Under Pa, the first electron gun 13 and the second electron gun 14 are preheated under high vacuum to prepare for smelting; the feeding mechanism 1 pushes materials above the cooling bed, the power of the first electron gun 13 and the second electron gun 14 is gradually increased to 100-120 kW and 110-130 kW, and the scanning strategy adopted by the first electron gun 13 is as follows: the electron beam width is 3mm, the scanning frequency is 200Hz, the scanning area is rectangular and is equivalent to the width of the cooling bed, and the scanning area is positioned at the center of the cooling bed. The scan strategy of the second electron gun 14 is: the electron beam is 3mm wide, the scanning frequency is 200Hz, the scanning area is annular, the outer diameter is 10mm smaller than the outer diameter of the crystallizer, and the outer diameter is 10mm larger than the inner diameter of the crystallizer, so that the equipment burning caused by the electron beam bombarding the surface of the crystallizer is well avoided.
The first electron gun 13 stabilizes the heating power, so that materials can be continuously melted and molten metal flowing into the cooling bed can continuously flow into the annular crystallizer; the stable heating power of the second electron gun 14 ensures that the solution in the crystallizer remains molten; after the first electron gun 13 and the second electron gun 14 work stably, starting a motor of the feeding mechanism 1, and keeping feeding at a feeding speed of 6mm/min to enable the alloy materials to be melted and flow into the annular crystallizer 3; according to the speed of molten metal flowing into the annular crystallizer 3, ingot pulling speed of 3mm/min is set for the ingot pulling device 6, so that the continuous operation of melting materials in the whole system, solidifying the molten metal in the annular crystallizer 3 and pulling down a rod blank by an ingot pulling mechanism can be realized.
Stopping feeding and ingot pulling after the melting of the materials in the final feeding mechanism 1 is finished, and gradually reducing the power of the first electron gun 13 and the second electron gun 14 until the power is closed; and cooling the interior of the furnace chamber 2 to the normal temperature, wherein a cooling system and a vacuum device always run during the cooling period, which takes 2-3 hours, and after cooling to the normal temperature, opening the ingot pulling barrel 5, lowering the ingot pulling mechanism 12, and taking out the ingot to finally obtain the large-size hollow bar ingot.
Claims (7)
1. The equipment for producing the hollow alloy rod blank by continuous casting through electron beam cold bed smelting is characterized by mainly comprising a vacuum system, a power supply system, a water cooling system, a feeding mechanism and a furnace chamber, wherein the feeding mechanism is welded on a square cavity on the furnace chamber, a first electron gun, a second electron gun, a cold bed and an annular crystallizer are arranged in the furnace chamber, the furnace chamber is mechanically and hermetically connected with an ingot pulling mechanism below the furnace chamber, and the furnace chamber is hermetically connected with the vacuum system; the ingot pulling mechanism comprises an ingot pulling barrel, an ingot puller, a centering rod and an ingot pulling power device;
the first electron gun is positioned above the cooling bed and is used for melting alloy materials on the cooling bed; the second electron gun is positioned above the crystallizer and is used for keeping alloy materials in the annular crystallizer in a molten state;
the annular crystallizer comprises a water cooling outer ring and a water cooling inner core which are respectively provided with a cooling water channel and are connected with the water cooling system, and the water cooling outer ring and the water cooling inner core are cylindrical and coaxial;
the cooling bed is positioned below the outlet of the feeding mechanism; the pouring outlet of the cooling bed corresponds to the hollow annular structure of the annular crystallizer below; the ingot puller is in butt joint with the annular crystallizer;
the ingot pulling barrel, the ingot pulling device and the centering rod are coaxial with the annular crystallizer.
2. The apparatus for continuously casting hollow alloy rod blanks by electron beam cold hearth melting according to claim 1, wherein the water-cooled outer ring is composed of two identical semicircular ring members, and positioning grooves and protrusions are respectively provided on contact surfaces of the two semicircular ring members and fastened by screws.
3. The apparatus for continuously casting hollow alloy rod blanks by electron beam cold bed melting according to claim 2, wherein each semicircular member comprises a semicircular member outer wall and a semicircular member inner wall which are welded and connected, a plurality of spiral grooves are formed in each semicircular member outer wall and each semicircular member inner wall, a cooling water path without branches is formed, and a water inlet and a water outlet of the cooling water path are correspondingly formed on two side surfaces of the semicircular member, and are in butt joint with the water cooling system.
4. The apparatus for continuous casting of hollow alloy rod blanks by electron beam cold hearth melting according to claim 1, wherein said water cooled inner core comprises a bolted top cover plate and core body; the core body is cylindrical and provided with a cylindrical hollow inner cavity and consists of three identical core body petals, and is connected with the centering rod through bolts and sealed by adopting a sealing gasket; the cover plate is characterized in that a cone column is welded downwards at the center of the cover plate and corresponds to the inner cavity of the core body, the upper end of the cone column is a large-diameter end, and the lower end of the cone column is a small-diameter end, so that the split core body radially expands, and a gap of 0.3-0.5 mm is formed between two adjacent petals.
5. The apparatus for continuous casting of hollow alloy rod blanks by electron beam cold hearth melting according to claim 4, wherein each of said core lobes comprises a circular arc outer wall, a circular arc inner wall, two planar side walls and a centrally located vertical and side wall partition; the outer wall, the inner wall and the side wall have the same height, the inner cavity of the core body valve is surrounded, the bottom end of the partition plate is level with the rest three, and the height is 10mm lower than the rest three; the centering rod is a cylindrical long rod with an inner cavity and comprises a circular outer wall, a cylindrical inner rod and six webs for connecting the outer wall and the inner rod to form six discrete inner cavities; the web is opposite to the side wall or the partition plate of the core body, the inner cavity of the core body corresponds to the inner cavity of the centering rod, three independent cooling water paths from bottom to top are formed, and the cooling water paths are connected with a cold water system.
6. The apparatus for continuous casting production of hollow alloy rod blanks by electron beam cold hearth melting according to claim 4, wherein the crystallizer and the ingot head are selected according to the required size of the hollow alloy rod blanks, hollow rod blanks with different diameters are produced, and the inner diameter of the hollow rod blanks ranges from 50mm to 150mm.
7. The apparatus for continuous casting production of hollow alloy rod blanks by electron beam cold bed melting according to claim 1, wherein the length of the hollow rod blanks of refractory complex alloy producible by the apparatus is 10-500mm.
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