CN103952569A - Electronic beam cold hearth furnace - Google Patents
Electronic beam cold hearth furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN103952569A CN103952569A CN201410164509.XA CN201410164509A CN103952569A CN 103952569 A CN103952569 A CN 103952569A CN 201410164509 A CN201410164509 A CN 201410164509A CN 103952569 A CN103952569 A CN 103952569A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electronic beam cold hearth furnace, belonging to the field of metal smelting, especially rare metal smelting. According to the electronic beam cold hearth furnace, one side of a vacuum melting chamber system which is taken as a basal body is connected with a horizontal feeding system, a vacuum system is arranged on the other side of the vacuum melting chamber system, three sets of electronic gun systems and a vertical scrap feeding system are arranged at the top of the melting chamber, a cold hearth system and a protective hood are arranged inside the melting chamber, a crystallizer system is arranged at the bottom of the melting chamber, and a continuous ingot dragging system is arranged at the bottom of the crystallizer system; a cooling system is used for cooling structures and components needing to be cooled. The electronic beam cold hearth furnace can be widely applied to melting of reactive metals including titanium, zirconium and the like, refractory metals including tungsten, tantalum, niobium and the like, and special steel; the electronic beam cold hearth furnace has the characteristics of being high in melting vacuum degree, and good in purification effect; the electronic beam cold hearth furnace can be used for producing products, which cannot be produced by other equipment, especially on the aspects of aviation and aerospace needing titanium and titanium alloy materials; titanium residues can be recovered and molten into a titanium material, meeting the using requirements, through the electronic beam cold hearth furnace, and the energy consumption can be saved by 20%-30% in the process compared with that of a traditional technological process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the smelting specific equipment of Metal smelting technical field, particularly rare metal.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of state aviation, space flight and navigation, the demand of high-quality titanium material is also increased rapidly; Due to defects such as the titanium material existence of traditional vacuum consumable electroarc furnace melting is mingled with, segregations, can not satisfy the demands, electron-beam cold bed furnace can well address this problem; Only have several developed countries to develop electron-beam cold bed furnace, but price is expensive especially before, and blockade on new techniques, the development of China's related industries seriously restricted, electron-beam cold bed furnace technology and the equipment of China's exigence oneself.
The electron-beam cold bed furnace using is at present mostly hot-cathode electric rifle, and the air-bleed system of its gun chamber is independent system.In fusion process, gun chamber vacuum keep is 10
-3～10
-4pa.In working chamber, vacuum keep is 10
-1～10
-2pa.Alloying constituent control difficulty is the major obstacle that alloy pig is produced in electron-beam cold bed furnace melting.Because vacuum tightness is high, in smelting titanium alloy process, bath temperature is high, and the time that liquid metal keeps is long, and the volatilization loss rate of general alloy constituent element is all larger.Due to the vapor pressure under smelting temperature, maintain the difference of liquid time and have larger fluctuation.Alloying element is due to the difference of vapour pressure, and evaporation rate also differs greatly, is unfavorable for the production of titan alloy casting ingot.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to develop and a kind ofly can produce the more complete melting equipment-electron-beam cold bed furnace of high-quality titanium material.
Electron-beam cold bed furnace, it mainly comprises vacuum melting chamber, electron beam gun, power supply, charging system, cold bed, crystallizer, drags ingot system, vacuum system, cooling system, hydraulic efficiency system, pneupress system and electric control system; Electron beam gun has three and be arranged on top, vacuum melting chamber, and wherein the electron beam of two electron beam gun is just to being positioned at the cold bed at middle part, vacuum melting chamber, other one the electron beam of electron beam gun just to being positioned at the crystallizer of bottom, vacuum melting chamber; Charging system is made up of horizontal continuity feed mechanism and vertical bits material feeding warehouse, and vertically bits expect that feeding warehouse is positioned at top, vacuum melting chamber; Horizontal continuity feed mechanism is positioned at side, vacuum melting chamber and is divided into feed chamber and loading space, and feed chamber and loading space separate with push-pull valve between the two; Crystallizer is positioned at cold bed bottom and its bottom is connected by locking-valve with dragging ingot system; Vacuum system is connected on vacuum melting chamber and meets the seal request of vacuum system; Hybrid working gas gas processed and airing system are communicated with the gun chamber of electron beam gun mixed gas delivery to gun chamber.
This equipment can be widely used in titanium, zirconium isoreactivity metal, the melting of the refractory metals such as tungsten, tantalum, niobium and special steel; Have the advantages that melting vacuum tightness is high, refining effect is good; Especially need, with aspect titanium or titanium alloy material, can produce the not fertile product of miscellaneous equipment at Aeronautics and Astronautics; This equipment also can be smelted into titanium scraps recycle the titanium material that meets service requirements, and this process is compared traditional technology process, energy efficient 20%～30%.
Cold-cathode gun of the present invention is to gun chamber by mixed gas delivery, in geseous discharge electron beam gun, between anode and cathode, produce plasma body by action of high voltage generation glow discharge, form electron-beam melting material by its bombarding cathode, geseous discharge electron beam gun does not need each independent use high-vacuum pump, can be 10～10
-2pa pressure range steady operation, and in fusion process on the pressure change in working chamber and metal gas even splash to affect susceptibility low.Furnace chamber vacuum tightness 10～10
-2pa work.In smelting titanium alloy process, content and the composition uniformity of alloying element are easily controlled.The titan alloy casting ingot performance of producing is better.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 lateral plan.
Figure number explanation: 1-expeller; 2-bar; 3-drive sprocket; 4-prepares charging; 5-loading space fire door; 6-loading space; 7-push-pull valve; 8-feed chamber; 9-electron beam gun; 10-bits material feeding warehouse; 11-cold bed; 12-working chamber system; 13-vacuum system; 14-hybrid working gas gas processed and airing system; 15-power supply; 16-hydraulic efficiency system; 17-pneupress system; 18-turns round deep bid; 19-drags ingot cylinder; 20-servomotor; 21-electric control system; 22-cold bed dolly; 23-folding wheel; 24-trailer wagon; 25-cooling system; 26-shield cap; 27-observing device; 28-working chamber support; 29-crystallizer; 30-push-pull valve; 31-corrugated tube; 32-drags spindle blade.
Embodiment
Provide as shown in Figure 1-2 the specific embodiment of the invention, electron-beam cold bed furnace, it mainly comprises vacuum melting chamber 12, electron beam gun 9, power supply 14, charging system, cold bed 11, crystallizer 29, drags ingot system, vacuum system 13, hybrid working gas gas processed and airing system 14 cooling systems 25, hydraulic efficiency system 16, pneupress system 17 and electric control system 21; Electron beam gun 9 has three and be arranged on 12 tops, vacuum melting chamber, and wherein the electron beam of two electron beam gun 9 is just to being positioned at the cold bed 11 at 12 middle parts, vacuum melting chamber, other one the electron beam of electron beam gun 9 just to being positioned at the crystallizer 29 of 12 bottoms, vacuum melting chamber; Charging system is made up of horizontal continuity feed mechanism and vertical bits material feeding warehouse 10, and vertically bits expect that feeding warehouse 10 is positioned at 12 tops, vacuum melting chamber; Horizontal continuity feed mechanism is positioned at 12 sides, vacuum melting chamber and is divided into feed chamber 8 and loading space 6, and feed chamber and loading space separate with push-pull valve 7 between the two; Crystallizer 28 is positioned at cold bed 11 bottoms and its bottom is connected by locking-valve 30 with dragging ingot system; Vacuum system 13 is connected on vacuum melting chamber 12 and meets the seal request of vacuum system.Hybrid working gas gas processed and airing system 14 are communicated with the gun chamber of electron beam gun 9 mixed gas delivery to gun chamber.Cold bed 11 is positioned on cold bed dolly 21, and the movable door on cold bed 11 and vacuum melting chamber 12 is fixed on entirety on cold bed dolly 22 and can is driven and be driven or output into vacuum container 12 by trailer wagon 24.The bottom that crystallizer 29 entirety are fixed on vacuum melting chamber 12 is by the oil cylinder press of two symmetries on body of heater, and crystallizer 29 is nesting type structure, and inside is crystallisation vessel, and outside is watercooling jacket, and watercooling jacket is connected with cooling system 24.Drag ingot system mainly by ingot pulling mechanism, drag ingot cylinder 18 and traversing mechanism to form, revolution deep bid 18 in described traversing mechanism is fixed on basis, two drag ingot cylinder 19 to be arranged on revolution deep bid 18 and can knee-action under the driving of oil cylinder, ingot pulling mechanism 20, by motor driven ball screws, makes to drag spindle blade 32 assemblies to move up and down.The rang sensor of monitoring mould liquid level height is installed on vacuum melting chamber 12, this sensor with drag ingot system in motor switch be connected control and drag the action of dragging spindle blade 32 in ingot system.
Cold-cathode gun system, charging system, cold bed system, crystallizer system, vacuum system etc. are well connected on vacuum melting chamber, meet the seal request of vacuum system.Three rifle cold-cathode gun systems are arranged on top, square vacuum melting chamber, and a rifle melt raw material also maintains the temperature of liquid metal in cold bed; Rifle carries out refining and ensures the superheating temperature of cold bed inner melt; A rifle maintains the superheating temperature of liquid surface temperature of molten pool in crystallizer, avoids local solidification to cause that ingot surface quality declines.Charging system is by horizontal continuity charging and vertically consider material feed composition to be worth doing, and horizontal continuity feed system is divided into feed chamber and loading space, separates between the two with push-pull valve; Cold bed system mainly comprises cold bed, cold bed dolly, movable door and trailer wagon, and cold bed and movable door are fixed on cold bed dolly, and three's entirety can be driven by trailer wagon, drives or output vacuum container into; Crystallizer system entirety is fixed on the bottom of square vacuum chamber, and by the oil cylinder press of two symmetries, on body of heater, crystallizer assembly is nesting type structure, and inside is crystallizer, and outside is watercooling jacket; Drag ingot system mainly by Tuo Ding mechanism, drag ingot cylinder and traversing mechanism to form, revolution deep bid can be fixed on basis, two drag ingot cylinder to be arranged on revolution deep bid, can knee-action under the driving of oil cylinder, Tuo Ding mechanism is fixed on drags in ingot bucket, by motor driven ball screws, make to drag spindle blade assembly to move up and down; Vacuum system is dragged by working chamber's vacuum pump group of two groups of identical configurations, one group that ingot cylinder and loading space's vacuum unit form, three groups of rifle chamber vacuum unit reinforced vacuum units vertical with a group form.
Vacuum melting chamber is square furnace, and working chamber is lifted away from ground by bracing frame, and in working chamber, length direction is provided with clamshell doors; Vacuum melting chamber is supported by furnace chamber bracing frame.Horizontal feed system is by loading space, feed chamber and preparation feed composition, and the pusher of preparation charging is chain gear, by motor drive sprocket, chain, drives expeller translation in orbit; Between loading space and feed chamber, separate with push-pull valve; Feed chamber is connected on body of heater, between loading space and feed chamber, separates with push-pull valve, and the two has separate power, transmission mechanism.The fire door that cold bed forms loading space by two sections of front and back is suspended on fire door support, and translation is by loading space's sealing, unlatching back and forth; Cold bed entirety is fixed on cold bed dolly, and dolly is with folding wheel, and movable door is fixed on cold bed and gets on the bus, and entirety can be driven and be moved around by trailer wagon, and cold bed top is provided with shield cap.Movable door is also fixed on cold bed dolly, and entirety is driven by trailer wagon, drives or output vacuum melting chamber into, and shield cap is arranged at cold bed top; The mounting flange of crystallizer assembly is circular flange, and billet crystallizer can be installed, and flat ingot mould can be installed again, crystallizer assembly is nesting type structure, and internal layer is crystallizer, and skin is watercooling jacket, crystallizer assembly the other end flange connects push-pull valve, and the push-pull valve the other end is connected with corrugated tube; The mounting flange of crystallizer assembly is circular flange, and billet crystallizer can be installed, and flat ingot mould can be installed again, crystallizer assembly is nesting type structure, and internal layer is crystallizer, and skin is watercooling jacket, crystallizer assembly the other end flange connects push-pull valve, and the push-pull valve the other end is connected with corrugated tube.Drag ingot system to turn round large disc carrier as support, two groups are dragged ingot cylinder symmetry to be arranged on revolution deep bid, and two groups are dragged the synchronous lifting of ingot cylinder; Drag ingot cylinder inside to drag ingot device.Drag ingot system revolution deep bid bracing frame both can be fixed on basis upper, again can be by driving traction, translation on melt pit ground.Two drag ingot cylinder to be arranged on revolution deep bid, can knee-action under the driving of oil cylinder, and Tuo Ding mechanism is fixed on drags in ingot bucket, by motor driven ball screws, makes to drag spindle blade assembly to move up and down; Vacuum system is dragged by working chamber's vacuum pump group of two groups of identical configurations, one group that ingot cylinder and loading space's vacuum unit form, three groups of rifle chamber vacuum unit reinforced vacuum units vertical with a group form.The rang sensor of monitoring mould liquid level height is installed, in order to control the action of dragging ingot device on vacuum melting chamber.
Working process:
This equipment is taking vacuum melting chamber system as matrix, one side is connected with horizontal feed system, opposite side is installed vacuum system, top, working chamber arranges 3 cover cold-cathode gun systems and vertically considers material feed system to be worth doing, in inside, working chamber, be provided with cold bed system and shield cap, crystallizer system is arranged on bottom, working chamber, is provided with and drags continuously ingot system under crystallizer system; Cooling system is in addition cooling to the cooling structure of needs, parts.Equipment is also equipped with hydraulic efficiency system, pneupress system, electric control system and observing device etc.This equipment can be widely used in titanium, zirconium isoreactivity metal, the melting of the refractory metals such as tungsten, tantalum, niobium and special steel; Except have ordinary electronic bundle stove can the advantage of melting purification high-meltiing alloy, the feature of electron-beam cold bed furnace maximum is that fusing, refining and Casting Ingot Solidification Process are separated, the fining cell that enters cold bed after fusing carries out refining, finally flows into and in crystallization, is frozen into ingot.
Material can receive multiple feed way and enter water-cooled copper siege top, is fused into bed form molten bath by high density electron beam bombardment.Can be according to feed purity and composition requirement.Select the residence time of liquid metal in molten bath, in effectively purifying, can make high-density impurity in molten bath sink to bottom, molten bath, because cold hearth bed wall energy forms scull, its " stagnant zone " can catch as high density inclusions (HDI) such as WC, Mo, Ta, simultaneously, at fining cell, low density is mingled with the residence time prolongation in high-temp liquid of (LDI) particle, can guarantee the dissolving completely of LDI, thereby effectively remove inclusion defect.That is to say, the purification mechanism of cold hearth melting can be divided into proportion and separate and two kinds of separated and dissolved.Seizure high-density is mingled with, low density impurity floats over weld pool surface, in high-temp liquid, the residence time extends, can guarantee that low density impurity dissolves or blocked by electronics skimming plate, effectively prevent that high and low two kinds of density impurity from flowing in crystallizer, thereby remove inclusion defect, reached the unapproachable refining effect of conventional melting method, improved titan alloy casting ingot quality; Especially need, with aspect titanium or titanium alloy material, can produce the not fertile product of miscellaneous equipment at Aeronautics and Astronautics; This equipment also can be smelted into titanium scraps recycle the titanium material that meets service requirements, and this process is compared traditional technology process, energy efficient 20%～30%; Equipment adopts cold-cathode gun system, compared with domestic and international same category of device, and furnace chamber low vacuum, the performance of producing titanium alloy is better.
Will bar load level feed system be melted, treat that fusing bits material packs vertical feeding system into, working chamber's vacuum unit starts to find time to melting, reach after vacuum tightness requirement, the work of material electron gun system, in cold bed, set up gradually molten bath, refining electron gun system is started working, along with melting process, cold bed bath surface is elevated to overflow port place, and liquid metal starts drip in crystallizer, crystallization electron beam gun is started working, along with the fusing of raw material, drag the ingot-guiding head in ingot system constantly drop-down, obtain the ingot casting of predetermined profile, size; In working process, cooling system is in addition cooling to the cooling structure of needs, parts, and hydraulic efficiency system, pneupress system, according to processing requirement, coordinate electric control system, carry out specifically action.
Claims (5)
1. electron-beam cold bed furnace, is characterized in that mainly comprising vacuum melting chamber (12), electron beam gun (9), power supply (14), charging system, cold bed (11), crystallizer (29), drags ingot system, vacuum system (13), hybrid working gas gas processed and airing system (14), cooling system (24), hydraulic efficiency system (16), pneupress system (17) and electric control system (21); Electron beam gun (9) has three and be arranged on top, vacuum melting chamber (12), wherein the electron beam of two electron beam gun (9) is just to being positioned at the cold bed (11) at vacuum melting chamber (12) middle part, other one the electron beam of electron beam gun (9) just to being positioned at the crystallizer (29) of bottom, vacuum melting chamber (12); Charging system is made up of horizontal continuity feed mechanism and vertical bits material feeding warehouses (10), and vertically bits expect that feeding warehouses (10) are positioned at top, vacuum melting chamber (12); Horizontal continuity feed mechanism is positioned at (12) side, vacuum melting chamber and is divided into feed chamber (8) and loading space (6), and feed chamber and loading space use push-pull valve (7) to separate between the two; Crystallizer (29) is positioned at cold bed (11) bottom and its bottom is connected by locking-valve (30) with dragging ingot system; Vacuum system (13) is connected to vacuum melting chamber (12) and goes up and meet the seal request of vacuum system; Hybrid working gas gas processed and airing system (14) are communicated with the gun chamber of electron beam gun (9) mixed gas delivery to gun chamber.
2. electron-beam cold bed furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that cold bed (11) is positioned at cold bed dolly (22) upper, the movable door on cold bed (11) and vacuum melting chamber (12) is fixed on the upper entirety of cold bed dolly (22) and can is driven and be driven or output into vacuum container (12) by trailer wagon (24).
3. electron-beam cold bed furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that bottom that crystallizer (29) entirety is fixed on vacuum melting chamber (12) by the oil cylinder press of two symmetries on body of heater, crystallizer (29) is nesting type structure, inside is crystallisation vessel, outside is watercooling jacket, and watercooling jacket is connected with cooling system (25).
4. electron-beam cold bed furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that dragging ingot system mainly by ingot pulling mechanism, drag ingot cylinder (19) and traversing mechanism to form, revolution deep bid (18) in described traversing mechanism is fixed on basis, two to drag ingot cylinder (19) to be arranged on revolution deep bid (18) upper and can knee-action under the driving of oil cylinder, ingot pulling mechanism (20), by motor driven ball screws, makes to drag spindle blade (32) assembly to move up and down.
5. electron-beam cold bed furnace according to claim 4, it is characterized in that being provided with on vacuum melting chamber (12) rang sensor of monitoring mould liquid level height, this sensor with drag ingot system in motor switch be connected control and drag the action of dragging spindle blade (32) in ingot system.
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| CN104212989A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-17 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Method for smelting and producing TA10 hot continuous rolling square billet by adopting electron beam cooling bed furnace |
| CN106399710A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-02-15 | 宁波创润新材料有限公司 | Material feeding tank and material feeding system of electron beam smelting furnace, and smelting method |
| CN106916960A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-04 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of novel evacuated electron beam furnace |
| CN108085516A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2018-05-29 | 攀枝花市九鼎智远知识产权运营有限公司 | A kind of EB stoves feed arrangement |
| CN108220612A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-29 | 青海聚能钛业股份有限公司 | Zircaloy processing method is recycled in a kind of electron-beam cold bed furnace melting |
| CN108265182A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-10 | 青海聚能钛业股份有限公司 | A kind of method using electron-beam cold bed furnace recycling melting zirconium defective material |
| CN109646987A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-04-19 | 合肥欧莱迪光电技术有限公司 | A kind of continuous feeding and discharging high vacuum small organic molecule purification special equipment |
| CN109954855A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-07-02 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Vacuum electron beam furnace automatic ingot casting control system and its control method |
| CN110468286A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-19 | 云南昆钢电子信息科技有限公司 | A kind of cold-cathode gun melting furnace control system and ingot smelting process |
| CN112410575A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-26 | 西安诺博尔稀贵金属材料股份有限公司 | Magnetic shielding system for electron beam melting furnace with double guns and double feeding systems |
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| CN113981236A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-01-28 | 沈阳真空技术研究所有限公司 | Continuous electron beam cold bed smelting equipment |
| CN114803414A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-07-29 | 同创(丽水)特种材料有限公司 | Material swinging conveying device for horizontal feeding of electron beam furnace, material swinging conveying method and application |
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| CN116479252A (en) * | 2023-06-19 | 2023-07-25 | 北京中辰至刚科技有限公司 | Electron beam melting device for high-entropy alloy and operation method thereof |
| CN117102451A (en) * | 2023-08-29 | 2023-11-24 | 北京理工大学唐山研究院 | Equipment for producing hollow alloy rod blank by continuous casting through electron beam cold bed smelting |
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| CN104212989A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-17 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Method for smelting and producing TA10 hot continuous rolling square billet by adopting electron beam cooling bed furnace |
| CN106399710A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-02-15 | 宁波创润新材料有限公司 | Material feeding tank and material feeding system of electron beam smelting furnace, and smelting method |
| CN106916960B (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2019-02-05 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of vacuum electron beam melting furnace |
| CN106916960A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-04 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of novel evacuated electron beam furnace |
| CN108085516A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2018-05-29 | 攀枝花市九鼎智远知识产权运营有限公司 | A kind of EB stoves feed arrangement |
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| CN108220612B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2019-12-24 | 青海聚能钛业股份有限公司 | Processing method for smelting and recovering zirconium alloy by electron beam cold hearth furnace |
| CN108265182B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2020-04-17 | 青海聚能钛业股份有限公司 | Method for recycling smelting zirconium residues by using electron beam cold bed furnace |
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