CN116927809B - Roadway support structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Roadway support structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116927809B CN116927809B CN202311167325.4A CN202311167325A CN116927809B CN 116927809 B CN116927809 B CN 116927809B CN 202311167325 A CN202311167325 A CN 202311167325A CN 116927809 B CN116927809 B CN 116927809B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D17/00—Caps for supporting mine roofs
- E21D17/10—Details of mine caps for engaging the tops of pit-props, with or without retaining-plates; Retaining-plates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation, and particularly relates to a roadway support structure and a construction method thereof, wherein the improvement is that the support structure comprises: the filling boxes comprise box bodies, and a plurality of filling boxes are paved on the roadway rock wall; the filling box comprises a box opening arranged on the surface of the filling box and is used for filling filler; the first surface of the reinforcing mesh is paved on the second surface of the filling box; the U-shaped steel is connected with the second surface of the reinforcing mesh; setting the roadway extraction direction perpendicular to the ground and uniformly setting; the first end of the hydraulic column is arranged on the roadway bottom plate, and the second end of the hydraulic column is connected to the roadway top plate; the hydraulic column is arranged vertically to the ground; and are uniformly arranged on two sides of the roadway along the roadway stoping direction. The roadway support structure and the construction method thereof are more suitable for roadway gob-side entry retaining construction under complex conditions. The method can ensure that the gangue in the goaf of the roadway no longer floods into the roadway, can control the surrounding rock deformation of the roadway under complex conditions, and ensures the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation, and particularly relates to a roadway support structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
Although the current demand for coal has been significantly reduced over the past 10 years, the energy frameworks based on coal have not changed in a short period of time, and the demand and the mining strength of coal remain at a high level. Along with the rapid development of the current mine construction engineering, the roof-cutting pressure-relief self-forming roadway coal-pillar-free mining technology has the unique technical advantages that only one roadway tunnel needs to be driven to be automatically formed on one working face, and the other roadway tunnel needs to be driven to be automatically formed, so that coal-pillar-free mining is truly realized. Meanwhile, the main working procedure is advanced construction, so that parallel operation can be performed, the stoping speed is not influenced, and the aim of efficient stoping can be achieved; and the construction conditions are safe, and the labor intensity of workers can be effectively reduced. Therefore, compared with the traditional roadway-retaining method, the roof-cutting pressure-relief self-forming roadway coal-pillar-free mining technology not only reduces the roadway-retaining cost, but also improves the stress state of the gob-side roadway, greatly reduces the repair rate, and more mines begin to adopt the technology.
Because the gob-side entry retaining technology needs to perform presplitting kerf blasting on a roadway top plate to enable a goaf overlying strata to collapse to a filled goaf, in the process, since initial pressure and periodic pressure are relatively severe, gangue in a few goafs can break gangue blocking structures and then flow into a roadway, construction is difficult, complete isolation of the roadway and the goafs cannot be completely guaranteed, and roadway repair rate is high. Accordingly, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the application provides the roadway support structure with simple structure and convenient operation and the construction method thereof, which are more suitable for roadway gob-side entry retaining construction under complex conditions. The method can ensure that the gangue in the goaf of the roadway no longer floods into the roadway, can control the surrounding rock deformation of the roadway under complex conditions, ensures the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway, can monitor the lateral pressure of the goaf of the working face, and can achieve the purpose of retaining roadway multiplexing while obtaining the lateral pressure coefficient.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
in a roadway support structure, the improvement comprising:
the filling boxes comprise box bodies, and first surfaces of the filling boxes are paved on the roadway rock walls; the filling box comprises a box opening arranged on the surface of the filling box and is used for filling filler;
the first surface of the reinforcing mesh is paved on the second surface of the filling box;
u-shaped steel connected to the second surface of the reinforcing mesh; setting the roadway extraction direction perpendicular to the ground and uniformly setting; the bottom of the U-shaped steel is connected with the roadway bottom plate; the top of the U-shaped steel is connected with a roadway roof;
the first end of the hydraulic column is arranged on the roadway bottom plate, and the second end of the hydraulic column is connected to the roadway top plate; the hydraulic column is arranged vertically to the ground; and are uniformly arranged on two sides of the roadway along the roadway stoping direction.
Preferably, the filling box comprises: the connecting groove comprises a notch penetrating through the surface of the filling box; are arranged at two sides of the filling box.
Preferably, the filling box comprises: and the fixing hole is arranged on the second surface of the filling box and is used for being connected with the reinforcing mesh.
Preferably, the filling box further comprises a bottom plate, wherein the bottom plate comprises a plate-shaped object and is vertically connected with the edge of the box body; the bottom plate is attached to the roadway bottom plate.
Preferably, the support structure further comprises: the anchor rod comprises a rod-shaped object and is arranged in the roadway rock wall in parallel with the ground; the anchoring end is arranged at one end of the anchor rod in the roadway rock wall and used for bonding and fixing the anchor rod and the roadway rock wall.
Preferably, the support structure further comprises: round steel, perpendicular to the ground; the first end of round steel is connected with the top of U shaped steel, and the second end of round steel sets up in the inside of tunnel roof.
Preferably, the support structure further comprises: two vertically connected U-shaped steel; adjacent U-shaped steel adopts the connecting rod parallel to ground to connect.
Preferably, the support structure further comprises: the pi-shaped beam comprises a rod-shaped steel with one end closed and the other end open in the axial direction, and is attached to the top plate of the roadway; the pi-shaped beam comprises a first pi-shaped beam and a second pi-shaped beam; the first pi-shaped beams are arranged at the top ends of the hydraulic columns in parallel with the ground, and each first pi-shaped beam is simultaneously connected with two oppositely arranged hydraulic columns; the second pi-shaped beam is perpendicular to the first pi-shaped beam and is connected with the U-shaped steel.
The application also relates to a roadway support method, which is improved in that the support method comprises the following steps:
step S1: paving a filling box on the inner side of a roadway rock wall;
step S2: binding the first surface of the reinforcing mesh with the filling box;
step S3: u-shaped steel is uniformly arranged perpendicular to the ground along the roadway extraction direction and is connected with the second surface of the reinforcing mesh; the bottom of the U-shaped steel is connected with the roadway bottom plate; the top of the U-shaped steel is connected with a roadway roof;
step S4: uniformly arranging hydraulic columns on two sides of the tunnel along the roadway extraction direction;
step S5: a pi-shaped beam is arranged at the top end of the hydraulic column; the pi-shaped beam comprises a first pi-shaped beam and a second pi-shaped beam which are vertically connected by two beams; the first pi-shaped beam is connected with two oppositely arranged hydraulic columns at the same time; the second pi-shaped beam is connected with the U-shaped steel;
step S6: anchor rods are uniformly arranged in the roadway rock wall along the roadway tunneling direction through the reinforcing mesh.
Preferably, the filling box placed at the bottommost layer further comprises a bottom plate; the bottom plate is simultaneously attached to the roadway rock wall and the roadway bottom plate.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. the filling wall formed by the filling boxes has good sealing effect and deformation resistance, and can play a role in buffering the first time when the gangue collapsed in the goaf at the near-kerf side collapses when initial pressure and periodic pressure are relatively severe, so that the gangue blocking structure is ensured not to deform;
2. the application adopts the double-layer reinforcing steel bar net and the flame-retardant tarpaulin, thereby ensuring that the gas in the roadway is isolated from the gas in the goaf, and simultaneously preventing the gangue collapsed in the goaf from rushing into the roadway;
3. the application adopts the mode of overlapping two U-shaped steel, has certain supporting strength and is simultaneously telescopic when the top plate is pressed, supports the top plate and the bottom plate of the retaining roadway, and avoids the non-telescopic bending damage of the single U-shaped steel;
4. according to the application, the round steel and the top plate are welded above the U-shaped steel to be fixed, the fixed strength is completely dependent on the strength of the round steel, and the welded T-shaped pi-shaped beam is adopted, so that one end with larger contact area is propped against the top of the U-shaped steel, and the risk that the U-shaped steel is ejected out due to insufficient strength of the round steel can be prevented;
5. according to the application, the rock bolt is arranged, so that the blocking effect of the roadside structure on the goaf gangue can be further increased, and the axial force meter is arranged to monitor the roadside lateral pressure;
6. the gob-side entry retaining support device for the roadway under complex conditions is simple, the combined support structure has high deformation resistance and sealing effect, and meanwhile, the construction process is simple, the sealing effect of the roadway retaining can be effectively improved, the lateral pressure of the roadway can be monitored, the deformation of surrounding rocks can be controlled, and the purpose of roadway protection can be achieved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a roadway support structure in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a roadway support structure in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a roadway support structure in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a filling tank according to the present application;
FIG. 5 is one of the perspective views of the L-shaped packing box according to the present application;
FIG. 6 is a second perspective view of an L-shaped packing box according to the present application;
wherein, the top plate of the roadway is 1; 2-round steel; 3-U-shaped steel; 4-a reinforcing mesh; 5-kalan; 6-connecting rods; 7-roadway bottom plates; 8-filling a box; 9-a first pi beam; 10-a hydraulic column; 11-second pi-beam 12-fixing hole; 13-connecting grooves; 14-a box opening; 15-anchor rods; 16-an anchoring end; 17-a bottom plate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which are derived by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application, fall within the scope of protection of the application.
In the description of the present application, the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc. refer to the orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description of the present application and do not require that the present application must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. The terms "coupled" and "connected" as used herein are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly coupled or detachably coupled; either directly or indirectly through intermediate components, the specific meaning of the terms being understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
Although the current demand for coal has been significantly reduced over the past 10 years, the energy frameworks based on coal have not changed in a short period of time, and the demand and the mining strength of coal remain at a high level. Along with the rapid development of the current mine construction engineering, the roof-cutting pressure-relief self-forming roadway coal-pillar-free mining technology has the unique technical advantages that only one roadway tunnel needs to be driven to be automatically formed on one working face, and the other roadway tunnel needs to be driven to be automatically formed, so that coal-pillar-free mining is truly realized. Meanwhile, the main working procedure is advanced construction, so that parallel operation can be performed, the stoping speed is not influenced, and the aim of efficient stoping can be achieved; and the construction conditions are safe, and the labor intensity of workers can be effectively reduced. Therefore, compared with the traditional roadway-retaining method, the roof-cutting pressure-relief self-forming roadway coal-pillar-free mining technology not only reduces the roadway-retaining cost, but also improves the stress state of the gob-side roadway, greatly reduces the repair rate, and more mines begin to adopt the technology.
Because the gob-side entry retaining technology needs to perform presplitting kerf blasting on a roadway top plate to enable a goaf overlying strata to collapse to a filled goaf, in the process, since initial pressure and periodic pressure are relatively severe, gangue in a few goafs can break gangue blocking structures and then flow into a roadway, construction is difficult, complete isolation of the roadway and the goafs cannot be completely guaranteed, and roadway repair rate is high. Accordingly, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a roadway support structure, which is improved in that the support structure includes:
a filling box 8 comprising a box body, preferably of cuboid or cubic construction; the first surfaces of the filling boxes 8 are paved on the roadway rock wall; the filling box comprises a box opening 14 arranged on the surface of the filling box and used for filling filler, wherein the filling material is generally coarse sand, fine sand and the like; the polymer foam material can also be used as an expansion polymer material, such as a polymer foam material for filling and sealing coal mines. Specifically, in order to facilitate tunnel construction, the filling box is set to be of a box body structure, and the filling box is made of steel materials, and is optimally cubic or cuboid. The filling box 8 needs to be paved with the whole roadway rock wall. The first surface of the filling box is a surface contacted with the roadway rock wall; the second surface of the filling box is the surface which is connected with the reinforcing mesh later.
Preferably, in order to facilitate the connection of the filling box, a connection slot 13 is also provided on the filling box, the connection slot comprising a notch penetrating the surface of the filling box; are arranged at two sides of the filling box. Specifically, the notch is the rectangle, sets up the notch that the opening direction is the opposite direction each other respectively in the both sides of first face and second face. The filling boxes are connected end to end in a plugging manner, namely, one end and the other end of the filling box are mutually plugged and can be connected into a whole. The connection mode can increase the contact area of the surfaces, so that the connection between the filling boxes is firmer. Wherein the bottom of the filling box arranged at the bottommost layer is contacted with the roadway bottom plate; the top of the filling box arranged at the topmost layer is contacted with the roadway roof.
And the reinforcing mesh 4 is paved on the second surface of the filling box. Specifically, the reinforcing mesh is a mesh formed by weaving transverse and longitudinal staggered reinforcing bars, and the first surface of the reinforcing mesh is paved on the second surface of the filling box. The reinforcing mesh adopted by the application is a double-layer reinforcing mesh, and the flame-retardant tarpaulin is bound between the double-layer reinforcing mesh.
Preferably, in order to facilitate the connection of the filling box 8 to the reinforcing mesh 4, it is also necessary to provide fixing holes 12 on the second face of the filling box. Specifically, four vertex angles of the second surface of the filling box are respectively provided with a bulge, and fixing holes are formed in the bulges. In use, the filling box and the reinforcing mesh are bound and connected through the fixing holes 12.
U-shaped steel, as shown in figure 3, one end of the U-shaped steel, which is open, is connected with the reinforcing mesh; setting the roadway extraction direction perpendicular to the ground and uniformly setting; the bottom of the U-shaped steel is connected with the roadway bottom plate; the top of the U-shaped steel is connected with the roadway roof. Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, two vertically connected U-shaped steels are used to form a single gangue blocking structure, and the connection mode adopts a kaleidoscope connection. Namely: the bottom of one U-shaped steel is arranged in the roadway bottom plate, the top of the other U-shaped steel is arranged in the roadway top plate, and the two U-shaped steels are overlapped end to end and are connected through a clamping flange to form a single gangue blocking structure. Adjacent U-section steel is connected using a connecting rod 6 parallel to the ground. In order to increase the connection strength, the length of overlapping the head and the tail of the two U-shaped steels can be increased, the top of the U-shaped steel connected with the roadway bottom plate can be provided with a clamping flange at the tail of the U-shaped steel connected with the roadway top plate, and the two U-shaped steels are connected. The connecting rod also preferably adopts a double-row connecting rod which is connected with the U-shaped steel through a clamping flange. The connecting rod is a rod-shaped object, and the connecting rod and the clamping flange are preferably connected in a welding mode.
A hydraulic column 10, a first end of which is arranged on the roadway bottom plate 7 and a second end of which is connected to the roadway top plate 1; the hydraulic column 10 is arranged vertically to the ground; and the two sides of the roadway are uniformly arranged along the roadway stoping direction. Specifically, the hydraulic column 10 used is a single hydraulic column. Are oppositely arranged at two sides of the roadway and are evenly added along the roadway stoping direction.
Preferably, in order to prevent the top of the U-shaped steel from being ejected from above the tunnel roof due to insufficient strength of welded steel, a pi-shaped beam is also required to be arranged between the U-shaped steel and the tunnel roof. The pi-shaped beam comprises a rod-shaped steel with one end closed and the other end open in the axial direction, and is attached to the top plate of the roadway; the pi-shaped beam comprises a first pi-shaped beam and a second pi-shaped beam; the first pi-shaped beam is arranged at the top end of the hydraulic column parallel to the ground and is connected with two oppositely arranged hydraulic columns; the second pi-shaped beam is perpendicular to the first pi-shaped beam and is connected with the U-shaped steel. Specifically, the length of the first pi-beam is matched with the width of the roadway, so that two oppositely arranged hydraulic columns 10 can be connected at the same time. The first pi-shaped beam is arranged between the U-shaped steel and the roadway top plate: one end of the first pi-shaped Liang Chang port is connected with the top of the U-shaped steel; one closed end of the first pi-shaped beam is attached to the roadway top plate. The second pi-shaped beam is perpendicular to the first pi-shaped beam, and specifically comprises: as shown in fig. 3, a second pi-shaped beam is arranged at one end of the first pi-shaped beam, which is close to the U-shaped steel, namely, the second pi-shaped Liang Yan roadway extraction direction is arranged between the first pi-shaped beam and the U-shaped steel. And vertically connecting the second pi-shaped beam with the first pi-shaped beam, and connecting the two pi-shaped beams to form a T shape. The connection mode of the second pi-shaped beam is not limited, and the second pi-shaped beam is only required to be vertically arranged with the first pi-shaped beam, namely, two sections of pi-shaped beams with certain lengths are cut according to the width of a roadway and then are directly welded. For example, in the roadway width of 4.5m, two sections of pi-shaped beams of 4m and 500mm are respectively cut, and then the pi-shaped beam of 500mm is vertically welded at the end of 4m to form a T shape. The second pi-shaped beam is not limited in length, and can be connected with only one first pi-shaped beam according to the needs, or can be connected with more than two first pi-shaped beams at the same time.
Preferably, in order to strengthen the roadway support strength, round steel 2 is welded at the top end of the U-shaped steel as shown in fig. 1. The round steel 2 is perpendicular to the ground, one end of the round steel is connected to the top of the U-shaped steel, and the other end of the round steel is arranged in the roadway top plate.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the filling box arranged at the bottommost part further comprises a bottom plate 17, wherein the bottom plate 17 is a plate-shaped object and is vertically connected with the edge of the box body; is attached to the roadway floor. Specifically, the filling box 8 arranged at the bottommost part further comprises a bottom plate 17, and the bottom plate is arranged on the side surface of the filling box and is level with the bottom surface of the filling box; namely, the side surfaces of the box body and the bottom plate are connected in an L-shaped right angle. The length of the bottom plate corresponds to the length of the filling box, and the width is not limited. When in installation, the bottom plate 17 is required to be attached to the roadway rock wall and attached to the roadway bottom plate 7 so as to reserve a gap for gangue collapse.
As shown in fig. 6, the L-shaped packing box structure is provided at the lowermost layer, and the packing boxes of the other box structures are provided at the upper layer of the L-shaped packing box. When the goaf gangue collapses, the gangue firstly collapses to the bottom and compacts the L-shaped filling box, and then lateral pressure is generated on the filling box, so that the weight of the gangue is pressed at the bottom of the L-shaped filling box and converted into pressure, and even if the collapse height of the gangue exceeds the height of the L-shaped filling box, the gangue can be very stable and cannot fall down.
Preferably, in order to improve the supporting capability of the rock wall of the roadway, an anchor rod 15 is further arranged in the rock wall, and the anchor rod 15 comprises a rod-shaped object and is arranged in the rock wall of the roadway in parallel with the ground; specifically, the anchor rods are uniformly arranged along the stoping direction of the roadway, and specifically, as shown in fig. 1: the two sections are arranged between the U-shaped steel at intervals and are additionally arranged along the stoping direction of the roadway; double-layer anchor rods 15 can be arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the connecting rod respectively. An anchoring end 16 is further arranged at one end of the anchor rod 15, which penetrates into the roadway rock wall, and is used for reinforcing the supporting force of the anchor rod on the roadway rock wall. Specifically, the anchor rod adopted in the application can be a general anchor rod, and can also be a grouting anchor rod preferably, and the grouting anchor rod has a good effect. The anchoring end is generally an anchoring agent added before the anchor rod stretches into the inner wall of the roadway, and then the anchor rod is placed into the roadway to be stirred and stabilized to form the anchoring end.
And a group of anchor cable axial force meters can be arranged at the positions of the end points of the anchor rods exposed out of the roadway rock walls at intervals of 50m so as to monitor the roadside pressure, wherein the lateral pressure monitoring is mainly used for optimizing gangue blocking structures and guiding the next working production.
The roadway support structure is suitable for roadways under complex conditions and comprises components such as U-shaped steel, clamping flanges, connecting rods, reinforcing steel meshes, flame-retardant tarpaulin, filling boxes, pi-shaped beams, anchor rods and the like. Two U-shaped steel are fixed by using a clamping flange, 300mm of a roadway bottom plate is inserted into the bottom of the U-shaped steel, phi 22 round steel is welded to the top of the U-shaped steel, 300mm of the top of the U-shaped steel is exposed, the U-shaped steel is inserted into a roadway top plate for fixing, adjacent U-shaped steel is connected by adopting a connecting rod, and the U-shaped steel is arranged at certain intervals along the roadway recovery direction; arranging a double-layer reinforcing steel mesh on the inner side of the U-shaped steel, binding the reinforcing steel mesh by adopting a gangue blocking structure formed by iron wires and the U-shaped steel, and arranging a layer of flame-retardant tarpaulin on the inner side of the reinforcing steel mesh so as to isolate goaf gas; a filling box body is arranged on the inner side of the flame-retardant tarpaulin, the filling box bodies are combined together in an inserting mode, filling materials are filled in the filling box bodies, the filling box bodies are connected in an initial mode and are sequentially arranged along the stoping direction of the working face, small holes are formed in the corners of the filling box bodies, and the filling box bodies and the reinforcing steel bar net are bound and fixed through iron wires; welding two pi-shaped beams into a T shape, supporting the beams by using a single hydraulic prop, and preventing the upper part of the T-shaped pi-shaped Liang Dingzhu U-shaped steel from being ejected out from the upper part of the top plate due to insufficient strength of welded steel bars; in order to prevent gangue from rushing into a roadway due to overlarge roadside pressure, after the goaf gangue collapses, an anchor rod is penetrated into a designed position and pre-tightened, and an anchor rope axial force meter device is arranged at the end of the anchor rod so as to monitor the lateral pressure of a roadside gangue blocking structure.
The filling box is arranged in a manner of being attached to the roadway rock wall, namely, is arranged on the inner side of the gangue blocking structure, and mainly aims to prevent gangue impact. In the actual construction process, when the filling box is not placed, the gangue is easy to impact and damage the reinforcing mesh and the U-shaped steel due to the fact that the lateral pressure is large; after the filling box is placed on the inner side of the gangue blocking structure, the filling box can play a role in buffering. Preferably, the filling box can also be a buffer shock pad or an object capable of playing a buffering role.
Meanwhile, two rows of anchor rods are additionally arranged on the basis of the gangue blocking structure, and the stability of the gangue blocking structure can be improved through the anchoring effect of the anchor rods. And an anchor cable axial force meter is arranged at the end head of the anchor rod every 50m for monitoring the lateral pressure of the goaf gangue on the roadside gangue blocking structure and optimizing the structural design.
The application also relates to a roadway support method, which is improved in that the support method comprises the following steps:
step S1: paving a filling box on the inner side of a roadway rock wall; preferably, the filling box placed at the bottommost layer further comprises a bottom plate; and simultaneously attaching the bottom plate to the roadway rock wall and the roadway bottom plate. Specifically, before the overlying strata of the goaf does not collapse, arranging a layer of filling box at the goaf side along the length direction of the reserved roadway, filling materials into the filling box, wherein the top of the filling box is required to be contacted with a roadway top plate, and iron wires are arranged at a plurality of top corners of the filling box, so that the next step of binding is facilitated;
step S2: binding the first surface of the reinforcing mesh with the filling box. Specifically, the flame-retardant tarpaulin is bound on the reinforcing mesh, the reinforcing mesh is attached to the surface of the filling box, the iron wires reserved in the filling box are bound and fixed, the reinforcing mesh is required to be arranged in a double-layer manner, and the flame-retardant tarpaulin can be arranged between the two layers of reinforcing meshes; the reinforcing mesh is also in lap joint with the roadway roof and the roadway floor;
step S3: u-shaped steel is uniformly arranged perpendicular to the ground along the stoping direction of the roadway and is connected with the second surface of the reinforcing mesh; the bottom of the U-shaped steel is connected with the roadway bottom plate; the top of the U-shaped steel is connected with the roadway roof. Specifically, a U-shaped steel is arranged and is attached to the reinforcing mesh. Drilling holes in a pre-measured tunnel top plate, grooving a tunnel bottom plate, and putting the 2U-shaped steel into the drilling holes and grooving positions respectively after the 2U-shaped steel is lapped. The U-shaped steel is required to be connected with the tunnel roof. Bolts arranged on flanges for connecting 2U-shaped steel are required to have a certain torque value;
step S4: and hydraulic columns are uniformly arranged at two sides of the roadway along the roadway stoping direction. Specifically, the hydraulic column is placed opposite along the two sides of the roadway, the bottom of the hydraulic column is connected with the roadway bottom plate, and the top of the hydraulic column is connected with the roadway top plate.
Step S5: a pi-shaped beam is arranged at the top end of the hydraulic column; the pi-shaped beam comprises a first pi-shaped beam and a second pi-shaped beam which are vertically connected by two beams; the first pi-shaped beam is connected with two oppositely arranged hydraulic columns at the same time; the second pi-shaped beam is connected with the U-shaped steel; specifically, two pi-shaped beams are vertically welded to form a T shape, and are supported by a hydraulic column. And one end of the T-shaped pi-shaped beam with a large contact area is propped against the top of the U-shaped steel, so that the upper part of the U-shaped steel is prevented from being ejected out from the upper part of the roadway roof due to insufficient strength of welded steel bars.
Step S6: anchor rods are uniformly arranged in the roadway rock wall along the roadway tunneling direction through the reinforcing mesh. Specifically, evenly set up the stock in tunnel rock wall, exert certain pretightning force to the stock, preferably, can also install the anchor rope axial force meter in stock end department to monitor the roadside lateral pressure.
Finally, spraying slurry on the surfaces of the gangue blocking and reinforcing bar net surfaces to isolate the goaf gas to achieve a sealing effect.
The embodiment of the application is matched with the technology of coal mine roof cutting, pressure relief and gob-side entry retaining, and when a working face is stoped, before an overlying rock stratum of a goaf is not collapsed, a filling box is connected end to end in sequence along the direction of a reserved tunnel, filling materials are filled in the filling box along with the stoping, and the top of the filling box is contacted with a tunnel top plate; after the filling box is arranged, the double-layer reinforcing steel bar net is inscribed with flame-retardant tarpaulin and bound on the fixed hole of the filling box, and the double-layer reinforcing steel bar net is fixed by touching the top and the bottom: the top of the reinforcing mesh is fixed with the roadway top plate, and the bottom of the reinforcing mesh is fixed with the roadway bottom plate. Fixing two U-shaped steel which are lapped in advance according to a preset position, binding and fixing a reinforcing mesh and the U-shaped steel, connecting the two U-shaped steel by adopting a clamping flange, and connecting adjacent U-shaped steel by adopting a connecting rod; and lifting the welded T-shaped pi-shaped steel beam to contact the top plate by using a single hydraulic prop, and propping the top of the U-shaped steel at one end with larger contact area of the T-shaped pi-shaped steel beam to finish the construction of the roadway protection device under the complex condition.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to limit the application to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A roadway support structure, characterized in that the support structure comprises:
the filling box comprises a box body, and a plurality of first faces of the filling box are paved on the roadway rock wall; the filling box comprises a box opening arranged on the surface of the filling box and is used for filling filler;
the first surface of the reinforcing mesh is paved on the second surface of the filling box;
u-shaped steel is connected with the second surface of the reinforcing mesh; setting the roadway extraction direction perpendicular to the ground and uniformly setting; the bottom of the U-shaped steel is connected with the roadway bottom plate; the top of the U-shaped steel is connected with a roadway top plate;
the first end of the hydraulic column is arranged on the roadway bottom plate, and the second end of the hydraulic column is connected to the roadway top plate; the hydraulic column is arranged perpendicular to the ground; and are uniformly arranged on two sides of the roadway along the roadway extraction direction; the filling box includes: the connecting grooves comprise notches arranged on two sides of the filling box;
the notch comprises notches with opening directions in opposite directions respectively arranged on two sides of a first surface of the filling box and a second surface of the filling box; the filling boxes are connected end to end in an inserting mode to form a whole;
the filling box arranged at the bottommost part also comprises a bottom plate, wherein the bottom plate comprises a plate-shaped object and is vertically connected with the edge of the box body; the bottom plate is attached to the roadway rock wall and attached to the roadway bottom plate so as to reserve a gap for gangue collapse;
the support structure further comprises: two U-shaped steel which are vertically connected and overlapped end to end are connected with each other through a clamping flange; the adjacent U-shaped steel is connected with the clamping flange by adopting a double-row connecting rod parallel to the ground;
the support structure further comprises: the pi-shaped beam comprises a rod-shaped steel with one end closed and the other end open in the axial direction, and is attached to the roadway roof; the pi-shaped beam comprises a first pi-shaped beam and a second pi-shaped beam; the first pi-shaped beams are arranged at the top ends of the hydraulic columns in parallel to the ground, and each first pi-shaped beam is simultaneously connected with two oppositely arranged hydraulic columns; the second pi-shaped beam is perpendicular to the first pi-shaped beam and is connected with the U-shaped steel.
2. The roadway support structure of claim 1, wherein said infill box comprises: and the fixing hole is arranged on the second surface of the filling box and is used for being connected with the reinforcing mesh.
3. The roadway support structure of claim 1, wherein the support structure further comprises:
the anchor rod comprises a rod-shaped object and is arranged in the roadway rock wall in parallel with the ground;
the anchoring end is arranged at one end of the anchor rod in the roadway rock wall and used for bonding and fixing the anchor rod and the roadway rock wall.
4. The roadway support structure of claim 1, wherein the support structure further comprises: round steel, perpendicular to the ground; the first end of the round steel is connected with the top of the U-shaped steel, and the second end of the round steel is arranged in the tunnel top plate.
5. A roadway support method employing the roadway support structure of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the support method comprises the steps of:
step S1: paving a filling box on the inner side of a roadway rock wall;
step S2: binding the first surface of the reinforcing mesh with the filling box;
step S3: u-shaped steel is uniformly arranged perpendicular to the ground along the roadway extraction direction and is connected with the second surface of the reinforcing mesh; the bottom of the U-shaped steel is connected with the roadway bottom plate; the top of the U-shaped steel is connected with a roadway top plate;
step S4: uniformly arranging hydraulic columns on two sides of the tunnel along the roadway extraction direction;
step S5: a pi-shaped beam is arranged at the top end of the hydraulic column; the pi-shaped beam comprises a first pi-shaped beam and a second pi-shaped beam which are vertically connected by two beams; the first pi-shaped beam is connected with two oppositely arranged hydraulic columns at the same time; the second pi-shaped beam is connected with the U-shaped steel;
step S6: and anchor rods are uniformly arranged in the roadway rock wall along the roadway tunneling direction through the reinforcing mesh.
6. The roadway support method of claim 5, wherein the bottommost packing box further comprises a floor; the bottom plate is simultaneously attached to the roadway rock wall and the roadway bottom plate.
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