CN116875535B - 一种烟雾病血管类器官模型及其构建方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种烟雾病血管类器官模型及其构建方法,所述构建方法包括使用含有WNT激动剂和TGF‑β超家族的培养基诱导分化烟雾病病人来源的iPSC,获得中胚层;使用含有VEGF和cAMP激动剂的培养基诱导分化所述中胚层,获得血管细胞;使用含有VEGF和FGF的培养基诱导所述血管细胞,获得血管网结构,最终成功构建烟雾病血管类器官模型。该烟雾病血管类器官模型能够观察到三维环境和组织的自组装,捕获所有发育阶段的重要中间细胞类型、遗传信息更加全面、体外获取方便快捷,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于类器官技术领域,涉及一种烟雾病血管类器官模型及其构建方法。
背景技术
烟雾病(MMD)是一种慢性脑血管疾病,是导致我国儿童和青壮年脑卒中常见的病因。其特征是颈内动脉及其主要分支的终末部分进行性闭塞或狭窄,在颅底形成异常的烟雾血管网络。由颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞及分支血管破裂引起的脑血管事件是主要临床表现。目前,烟雾病的病因及发病机制尚不清楚,研究显示与遗传、炎症、感染性病变、细胞因子分泌异常和免疫反应等相关。病理表现为内膜纤维细胞增厚,弹性层不规则起伏,中膜变薄,以及细胞外基质异常沉积。
2011年,发现烟雾病的第一个易感基因环指蛋白213(ring finger protein 213,RNF213),该基因是亚洲烟雾病患者最常见的易感基因,RNF213 p.R4810K(rs112735431)突变携带者烟雾病发病风险显著增高。目前对烟雾病的研究未能揭示RNF213突变导致或参与烟雾病发病的关键机制,且现有烟雾病模型并不能模拟烟雾病的发病过程,因此临床标本和动物模型的缺乏阻碍了研究的进展。为了研究烟雾病的发病机制,迫切需要探索新的疾病模型和新的治疗策略。
发明内容
为了弥补现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种烟雾病血管类器官模型及其构建方法和用途。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明第一方面提供了一种烟雾病血管类器官模型的构建方法,所述构建方法包括以下步骤:
(1)诱导烟雾病病人来源的iPSC分化为中胚层;
(2)诱导步骤(1)中所述的中胚层产生血管网结构;
(3)培养步骤(2)中所述的血管网结构形成血管类器官模型。
进一步,所述步骤(1)的具体步骤包括:使用含有WNT激动剂和TGF-β超家族的培养基诱导分化所述iPSC,以获得中胚层。
进一步,所述WNT激动剂包括Wnt家族、R-spondin家族、Norrin、GSK-抑制剂、RNF43抑制剂或ZNRF3抑制剂中的一种或多种。
进一步,所述GSK-抑制剂包括SB 216763、SB 415286、GSK-3抑制剂、RNF43抑制剂或ZNRF3抑制剂。
进一步,所述GSK-3抑制剂包括GSK-3α抑制剂或GSK-3β抑制剂。
进一步,所述GSK-3β抑制剂包括CHIR99021、TD114-2、BIO(6-溴靛玉红-30-丙酮肟)、Kenpaullone、TWS119、CBM1078、SB216763、3F8(TOCRIS)、AR-A014418、FRATide、Indirubin-3’-oxime或L803。
进一步,所述GSK-3β抑制剂为CHIR99021。
进一步,所述CHIR99021的浓度为12μM。
进一步,所述TGF-β超家族包括TGF-β蛋白、BMP、GDF、GDNF、激活素、Lefty、Mulllerian抑制物质、抑制素或Nodal。
进一步,所述BMP包括BMP2、BMP4、BMP6或BMP7。
进一步,所述BMP为BMP4。
进一步,所述BMP4的浓度为30ng/mL。
进一步,所述含有WNT激动剂和TGF-β超家族的培养基还包括基础培养基、血清替代物、谷氨酰胺或其替代物、巯基类还原剂、抗生素。
进一步,所述iPSC汇合度选自40-70%。
进一步,所述步骤(1)的培养时间为第0天至第3天。
进一步,所述步骤(2)的具体步骤包括:
(a)诱导分化所述的中胚层,获得血管细胞;
(b)将步骤(a)中所述血管细胞包埋在细胞外基质中进行孵育,孵育后使用含有VEGF和FGF的培养基诱导所述血管细胞分化、出芽,获得血管网结构。
进一步,使用含有VEGF和cAMP激动剂的培养基诱导分化所述的中胚层。
进一步,所述VEGF包括VEGF-A、VEGF-B、VEGF-C、VEGF-D、PGF中的一种或几种。
进一步,所述VEGF为VEGF-A。
进一步,所述VEGF-A的浓度为100ng/mL。
进一步,所述cAMP激动剂包括forskolin、IBMX、Rolipram、8BrcAMP、PGE2、NKH477、DBcAMP、Sp-8-Br-cAMPs中的一种或多种。
进一步,所述cAMP激动剂为forskolin。
进一步,所述forskolin的浓度为2μM。
进一步,所述FGF包括FGF-1、FGF-2、FGF-3、FGF-4、FGF-5、FGF-6、FGF-7、FGF-8、FGF-9、FGF-10、FGF-11、FGF-12、FGF-13、FGF-14、FGF-15、FGF-16、FGF-17、FGF-18、FGF-19、FGF-20、FGF-21、FGF-22、FGF-23中的一种或几种。
进一步,所述FGF为FGF-2。
进一步,所述FGF-2的浓度为100ng/mL。
进一步,所述细胞外基质包括胶原蛋白、Matrigel、明胶、层粘连蛋白、纤连蛋白、透明质酸、壳聚糖中的一种或几种。
进一步,所述细胞外基质为胶原蛋白和Matrigel。
进一步,所述胶原蛋白包括Collagen-I、Collagen-Ⅱ、Collagen-Ⅲ、Collagen-Ⅳ、Collagen-Ⅴ、Collagen-Ⅵ或Collagen-Ⅶ。
进一步,所述胶原蛋白为Collagen-I。
进一步,所述Collagen-I的浓度为2.0mg/mL。
进一步,所述Collagen-I的pH值为7.4。
进一步,所述胶原蛋白和Matrigel的混合比例为4:1。
进一步,所述孵育的条件为37℃、2h。
进一步,所述细胞外基质还与NaOH、DMEM、HEPES、碳酸氢钠、谷氨酰胺、Ham’s F-12混合。
进一步,碳酸氢钠的浓度为7.5%。
进一步,所述含有VEGF和cAMP激动剂的培养基还包括基础培养基、血清替代物、谷氨酰胺或其替代物、巯基类还原剂、抗生素。
进一步,所述含有VEGF和FGF的培养基还包括SFM培养基、血清。
进一步,所述血清包括FBS、小牛血清、马血清、山羊血清或人类血清。
进一步,所述血清为FBS。
进一步,所述步骤(a)的培养时间为第3天至第4天。
进一步,所述步骤(b)的培养时间为第5天至第10天。
进一步,所述步骤(3)的具体步骤包括:更换为含有VEGF和FGF的培养基培养步骤(2)中所述的血管网结构,以形成血管类器官模型。
进一步,所述基础培养基包括DMEM、IMDM、DMEM/F12、F12、F10、BME、MEM、neurobasal中的一种或几种。
进一步,所述基础培养基为DMEM/F12培养基和neurobasal培养基。
进一步,所述血清替代物包括KOSR、B27添加剂、N2添加剂、PhysiologixTM XF SR、StemSureTM SerumSubstitute Supplement、KnockoutTM SR中的一种或几种。
进一步,所述血清替代物为B27添加剂和N2添加剂。
进一步,所述谷氨酰胺或其替代物包括谷氨酰胺、L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺、HyCyteTMGluMax、glutaGROTM中的一种或几种。
进一步,所述谷氨酰胺或其替代物为谷氨酰胺。
进一步,所述巯基类还原剂包括β-巯基乙醇、二硫苏糖醇中的一种或几种。
进一步,所述巯基类还原剂为β-巯基乙醇。
进一步,所述抗生素包括青霉素-链霉素、庆大霉素、万古霉素中的一种或几种。
进一步,所述抗生素为青霉素-链霉素。
进一步,所述烟雾病病人来源的iPSC的获取途径包括商业购买或自己构建。
进一步,所述烟雾病患者为携带RNF213突变的烟雾病患者。
本发明第二方面提供了一种烟雾病血管类器官模型,所述烟雾病类器官模型由本发明第一方面所述的构建方法获得。
本发明第三方面提供了本发明第二方面所述的类器官模型在筛选预防和/或治疗烟雾病的药物中的应用。
本发明第四方面提供了本发明第二方面所述的烟雾病血管类器官模型在制备评价烟雾病治疗药物的药效的产品中的应用。
本发明第五方面提供了本发明第二方面所述的烟雾病血管类器官模型在评价非诊断目的烟雾病检测产品或方法中的应用。
本发明第六方面提供了本发明第二方面所述的烟雾病类器官模型在构建烟雾病动物模型中的应用。
本发明的优点和有益效果:
本发明提供的一种烟雾病血管类器官模型的构建方法能够成功构建携带易感基因RNF213突变的烟雾病三维血管类器官模型,且本发明构建的烟雾病三维血管类器官模型,可以观察到三维环境和组织的自组装,解决在二维环境中无法观察到的生物学过程;基于患者来源的iPSC细胞构建的烟雾病血管类器官模型,相较于构建基因编辑细胞系,遗传背景信息更加全面;本发明构建的烟雾病血管类器官模型还可以研究血管壁细胞间的相互作用,相较于单独分化某一种细胞,类器官能够更好的模拟体内环境。
附图说明
图1是将皮肤细胞重新编程为iPSC的结果图,其中,1A为皮肤细胞形态(4×)的结果图,1B为在MEF上生长的iPSC克隆(4×)的结果图;
图2是免疫荧光染色鉴定iPSC多能性的结果图;
图3是成功构建烟雾病血管类器官模型的结果图,其中,3A为iPSC分化流程示意图,3B为构建烟雾病血管类器官模型中各个阶段的形态特征的结果图,3C为免疫荧光技术检测细胞中CD31表达的结果图,3D为免疫荧光技术检测成熟的烟雾病血管类器官中CD31表达(4x)的结果图,3E为免疫荧光技术检测成熟的烟雾病血管类器官中CD31表达(20x)的结果图;
图4是单细胞测序实验的结果图,其中,4A为烟雾病和健康对照的单细胞测序UMAP降维可视化和细胞分群注释图,4B为类血管器官中烟雾病和健康对照的细胞分群占比图,4C为内皮细胞标志物PECAM1的基因表达图,4D为内皮细胞标志物CLDN5的基因表达图,4E为内皮细胞标志物SOX17的基因表达图,4F为壁细胞标志物PDGFRB的基因表达图,4G为成纤维细胞标志物DCN的基因表达图,4H为平滑肌细胞标志物PDGFRA的基因表达图;
图5是流式细胞实验的结果图,其中,5A为烟雾病和健康对照的血管类器官流式分析平滑肌标志物CD140b结果图,5B为流式结果统计分析图。注:图2中的DAPI为4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚,是一种荧光染料。
具体实施方式
下文提供了本说明书中使用的一些术语的定义。除非另有说明,本发明中使用的所有技术和科学用语通常具有和本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的意思相同的意思。
在本发明中,术语“烟雾病”或“烟雾病综合征”或“MMD”是指脑动脉的狭窄闭塞性疾病,涉及平滑肌细胞增殖伴有内膜增生,导致韦利斯氏环(circle of Willis)周围的动脉狭窄和闭塞。其涉及在皮层下区域形成类似“烟雾”(“烟雾病”)的新血管。MMD发生在儿童和成人中,有两个高峰—第一个高峰出现在5岁至10岁左右,第二个高峰出现在生命的第三个十年与第五个十年之间。常见症状包含头痛或头晕、四肢或身体一侧无力或瘫痪、言语问题—无法说话或回忆单词,感觉或认知障碍、不自主运动、癫痫发作或意识丧失、视力问题、中风和脑出血。80%的MMD病例是RNF213和/或R4810K突变的携带者。MMD的治疗选择涉及每日使用阿司匹林,改变生活方式以最大化脑灌注,以及外科手术直接或间接旁路以恢复血流。
在本发明中,术语“iPSC”或“诱导多能干细胞”或是指这样的干细胞,其能够在体外培养并且有能力分化为构成活体(除了胎盘以外)的任何细胞(三胚层(外胚层,中胚层,内胚层)-来源的组织)(多能性),并且胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)包括在诱导多能干细胞中。“诱导多能干细胞”获得自受精卵,克隆胚胎,再生性干细胞,和组织中的干细胞。在将若干种基因引入体细胞后具有与胚胎干细胞的分化多能性类似的人工分化多能性的细胞(也称为人工多能干细胞)也包括在多能干细胞中。诱导多能干细胞可以通过本身已知的方法制备。
在本发明中,Wnt激动剂包括但不限于Wnt家族、R-spondin家族、R-spondin模拟物、Norrin、GSK-抑制剂、RNF43抑制剂或ZNRF3抑制剂。
在一些实施方案中,WNT激动剂可以包括分泌性糖蛋白(Wnt家族),所述Wnt家族包括但不限于Wnt-l/Int-1、Wnt-2/Irp(InM-相关蛋白)、Wnt-2b/13、Wnt-3/Int-4、Wnt-3a(R&D系统)、Wnt-4、Wnt-5a、Wnt-5b、Wnt-6(Kirikoshi H等人,2001Biochem Biophys Res Com283 798-805)、Wnt-7a(R&D系统)、Wnt-7b、Wnt-8a/8d、Wnt-8b、Wnt-9a/14、Wnt-9b/14b/15、Wnt-10a、Wnt-10b/12、WnM l和Wnt-16。
在一些实施方案中,Wnt激动剂可以包括分泌性蛋白的R-spondin家族,其涉及Wnt信号转导途径的活化和调节并且由4个成员(R-spondin1(NU206,Nuvelo,San Carlos,CA)、R-spondin2((R&D系统)、R-spondin3和R-spondin-4)和Norrin(还称为Nome疾病蛋白或NDP)(R&D系统)组成,其为分泌性调节蛋白,所述蛋白发挥与Wnt蛋白相同的功能,因为其以高亲合性结合于卷曲-4受体并诱导Wnt信号转导途径的活化(Kestutis Planutis等人,(2007)BMC Cell Biol 8 12)。
在一些实施方案中,用于本发明的一种或多种Wnt激动剂可以为R-spondin模拟物,例如Lgr5的激动剂,诸如抗-Lgr5抗体。为氨基嘧啶衍生物的Wnt信号转导途径的小分子激动剂是最近被确定的,并且还明确列为Wnt激动剂(Lm等人(2005)AngewChem Int EdEngl 44,1987-90)。
在一些实施方案中,Wnt激动剂是RNF43或ZNRF3的抑制剂。发明人已发现,RNF43和ZNRF3存在于细胞膜并且负调节膜中Wnt受体复合物的水平,可能通过卷曲蛋白的泛素化。因此,发明人假设用拮抗抗体、RNAi或小分子抑制剂抑制RNF43或ZNRF3会间接刺激Wnt途径。RNF43和ZNRF3具有催化环形域(具有泛素化活性),其可以在小分子抑制剂设计中用作靶标。多种抗-RNF43抗体和多种抗-ZNRF3抗体是可商购的。在一些实施方案中,这样的抗体在本文情形中是合适的Wnt激动剂。
在一些实施方案中,Wnt激动剂可以为GSK-抑制剂。已知的GSK-抑制剂包括小干扰RNA(siRNA,Cell Signaling)、锂(Sigma)以及FRAT-家族成员和抑制GSK-3与轴蛋白相互作用的FRAT-衍生的肽。在本发明中,所述Wnt激动剂为GSK-3抑制剂,GSK-3抑制剂包括但不限于GSK-3α抑制剂或GSK-3β抑制剂。GSK-3β抑制剂的实例包括但不限于CHIR99021、TD114-2、BIO(6-溴靛玉红-30-丙酮肟)、Kenpaullone、TWS119、CBM1078、SB216763、3F8(TOCRIS)、AR-A 014418、FRATide、Indirubin-3’-oxime或L803。在本发明的具体实施例中,向培养基添加CHIR99021直至最终浓度为50nM至100μM,例如100nM至50μM、1μM至30μM、1μM至15μM、5μM或15μM。优选地,CHIR99021的浓度为12μM。
在本发明中,TGF-β超家族的实例包括但不限于TGF-β蛋白(包括TGFβ3)、骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)(包括BMP2、BMP4、BMP6或BMP7)、生长分化因子(GDF)、神经胶质衍生的神经营养因子(GDNF)、激活素、Lefty、Mulllerian抑制物质(Mülllerian Inhibiting Substance,MIS)、抑制素或Nodal。在本发明的具体实施例中,TGF-β超家族为BMP4。BMP4的最终浓度为1-100ng/mL,例如1-80ng/mL、1-60ng/mL、1-40ng/mL、10-40ng/mL、20-40ng/mL;进一步,BMP4的最终浓度为30ng/mL。
在本发明中,术语“培养基”在本领域中是公认的并且一般指用于培养活细胞的任何物质或制剂。如用于提及细胞培养的术语“培养基”包括细胞周围环境的组分。培养基可为固体、液体、气体或相和材料的混合物。培养基包括液体生长培养基以及不维持细胞生长的液体培养基。培养基还包括凝胶状培养基,诸如琼脂、琼脂糖、明胶和胶原蛋白基质。示例性气态培养基包括气相,在培养皿或其他固体或半固体支持物上生长的细胞暴露于该气相。术语“培养基”还指旨在用于细胞培养的材料,即使该材料尚未与细胞接触。换句话说,准备用于培养的富含营养的液体是培养基。术语“基础培养基”指促进不需要任何特殊营养补充剂的许多类型微生物生长的培养基。大多数基础培养基一般包含四种基本化学组:氨基酸、碳水化合物、无机盐和维生素。基础培养基一般用作更复杂培养基的基础,向其中添加补充剂,诸如血清或血清替代物、缓冲液、促生长因子、抗生素等。基础培养基的实施例包括但不限于Eagle基础培养基(BME)、最低必需培养基(MEM)、DuIbecco改良的Eagle培养基(DMEM)、培养基199、营养混合物HamsF10(F10)和HamsF12(F12)、McCoy’s 5A、DuIbecco’sMEM/F-12(DMEM/F12)、RPMI 1640、Iscove改良的DuIbecco培养基(IMDM)、L-15培养基、neurobasal中的一种或多种。在本发明的具体实施例中,基础培养基为DMEM/F12培养基和neurobasal培养基。
在本发明中,培养基中的血清替代物具有本领域技术人员公知的含义,其是指在维持未分化状态的情况下对多能干细胞进行培养的过程中,作为血清替代物而使用的组合物或调配物。也即,血清替代物能够支持胚胎干细胞或未分化多能干细胞的生长而无需补充血清。在某些示例性实施方案中,所述血清替代物包含:一种或多种氨基酸、一种或多种维生素、一种或多种微量金属元素。在一些情况下,血清替代物可以进一步包含一种或多种选自下列的成分:白蛋白、还原型谷胱甘肽、转铁蛋白、胰岛素等。血清替代物的非限制性实例包括但不限于KnockOutTM SR(简称为KOSR)、KOSR CTS、N2添加剂、CTS N2添加剂、B27添加剂、PhysiologixTM XF SR、StemSureTM SerumSubstitute Supplement、KnockoutTM SR中的一种或多种。在本发明的具体实施例中,血清替代物为B27添加剂和CTS N2添加剂。
在本发明中,培养基中的谷氨酰胺或其替代物包括但不限于:谷氨酰胺、L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺、L-甘氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺、N-乙酰-L-谷氨酰胺、HyCyteTM GluMax、glutaGROTM或它们的组合。在本发明的具体实施例中,谷氨酰胺或其替代物为谷氨酰胺。
在本发明中,培养基中的抗生素包括但不限于杆菌肽(Bacitracin)、新霉素(Neomycin)、红霉素(Erythromycin)、氯霉素(Chloramphenicol)、青霉素-链霉素、庆大霉素、万古霉素中的一种或几种。另外的本发明中使用的抗生物质对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是显而易见的。
在本发明中,培养基中的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的实例包括但不限于VEGF-A、VEGF-B、VEGF-C、VEGF-D、PGF中的一种或几种;优选地,所述VEGF为VEGF-A。VEGF-A的浓度可以是,例如1-500ng/mL,1-400ng/mL,1-300ng/mL,1-200ng/mL。在本发明的具体实施例中,VEGF-A的浓度为100ng/mL。
在本发明中,培养基中的成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)的实例包括但不限于FGF-1、FGF-2(bFGF)、FGF-3、FGF-4、FGF-5、FGF-6、FGF-7、FGF-8、FGF-9、FGF-10、FGF-11、FGF-12、FGF-13、FGF-14、FGF-15、FGF-16、FGF-17、FGF-18、FGF-19、FGF-20、FGF-21、FGF-22、FGF-23中的一种或几种。在本发明中的具体实施例中,FGF为FGF-2。FGF-2的浓度可以是,例如1-500ng/mL,1-400ng/mL,1-300ng/mL,1-200ng/mL。在本发明的具体实施例中,FGF的浓度为100ng/mL。
在本发明中,培养基中的cAMP激活剂可以包括forskolin、IBMX、Rolipram、8BrcAMP、Prostaglandin E2(PGE2)、NKH 477、dibutyryl-cAMP(DBcAMP)、Sp-8-Br-cAMPs中的一种或多种。cAMP激活剂抑制剂如forskolin的浓度可以是,例如0.1μM至100μM,例如1μM至50μM,例如5μM至20μM。在本发明的具体实施例中,forskolin的浓度为2μM。
在本发明中,术语“细胞外基质(ECM)”由结缔组织细胞分泌,包含多种多糖、水、弹性蛋白和糖蛋白,其中糖蛋白包括胶原蛋白(Collagen)、纤连蛋白、巢蛋白和层粘连蛋白。不同类型的ECM是已知的,其包括不同的组成,如含有不同类型的糖蛋白或糖蛋白的不同组合。产细胞外基质的细胞的实例是主要产胶原蛋白和蛋白聚糖的软骨细胞,主要产IV型胶原蛋白、层粘连蛋白、间质前胶原蛋白和纤连蛋白的成纤维细胞,和主要产胶原蛋白(I、III和V型)、硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖、透明质酸、纤连蛋白和肌糖蛋白C的结肠成肌纤维细胞。ECM中所含的多糖、弹性蛋白、糖蛋白、胶原蛋白、纤连蛋白、巢蛋白和层粘连蛋白为本领域周知的ECM中所含的各种多糖、弹性蛋白、糖蛋白、胶原蛋白、纤连蛋白、巢蛋白和层粘连蛋白。例如,胶原蛋白可以是本领域周知的包含于天然ECM中的Collagen-I、Collagen-Ⅱ、Collagen-III、Collagen-Ⅳ、Collagen-Ⅴ、Collagen-Ⅵ或Collagen-Ⅶ。
适用于本文的ECM可从市售途径获得。可商购的细胞外基质的实例包括细胞外基质蛋白(Invitrogen,R&D systems)和基质胶(MatrixgelTM,BD Biosciences)等。在本发明的具体实施例中,细胞外基质包括胶原蛋白和Matrigel;进一步,胶原蛋白为Collagen-I。
在本发明中,术语“无血清培养基”或“SFM培养基”是不含血清(例如胎牛血清(FBS)、小牛血清、马血清、山羊血清、人类血清等)的培养基且一般通过字母SFM表示。熟练的业内人士熟悉的示例性但非限制性无血清培养基包括HuMEC基础无血清培养基、KNOCKOUTTM CTSTM无外来物ESC/iPSC培养基、STEMPROTM-34SFM培养基、STEMPROTM NSC培养基、ESSENTIALTM-8培养基、培养基254、培养基106、培养基131、培养基154、培养基171、培养基171、培养基200、培养基231、HeptoZYME-SFM、人类内皮-SFM、FREESTYLETM 293表达培养基、培养基154CF/PRF、培养基154C、培养基154CF、培养基106、培养基200PRF、培养基131、EssentialTM-6培养基、STEMPROTM-34培养基、星形胶质细胞培养基、AIM培养基CTSTM、AMINOMAXTM C-100基础培养基、AMINOMAXTM-II完全培养基、CD FORTICHOTM培养基、CDCHOAGT培养基、CHO-S-SFM培养基、FREESTYLETM CHO表达培养基、CD OPTICHOTM培养基、CD CHO培养基、CDDG44培养基、SF-900TM培养基、EXPI293TM表达培养基、LHC基础培养基、LHC-8培养基、293SFM培养基、CD 293培养基、AEM生长培养基、PER.细胞培养基、AIM培养基、培养基、角质细胞-SFM培养基、LHC培养基、LHC-8培养基、LHC-9培养基和其任何衍生物或修改型。
在本发明中,术语“治疗”是指(1)防止易感或尚未显示病症的受试者出现症状或疾病;(2)抑制疾病或阻止其发展或复发;或(3)改善或导致疾病或病症消退。如本领域所理解的,“治疗”是用于获得有益的或期望的结果(包括临床结果)的方法。出于本技术的目的,有益的或期望的结果可以包括但不限于减轻或改善一个或多个症状、病症(包括疾病)程度的减轻、病症(包括疾病)状态的稳定(即,不恶化),病症(包括疾病)的延迟或减缓、病症(包括疾病)、状态和缓解(无论是部分还是全部)的进展、改善或缓解,无论是否可检测。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。根据本发明的实质对本发明进行的简单改进都属于本发明要求保护的范围。
实施例1构建烟雾病病人来源的诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)
1、实验方法
选取携带RNF213突变烟雾病患者的皮肤组织,约4mm×4mm,分离培养为皮肤真皮成纤维细胞(MEFs),利用仙台病毒重编程试剂盒将其重编程为iPSC。细胞在仙台病毒感染后转铺在MEFs上进行共培养。感染后,挑取典型的人胚胎干细胞样的克隆,机械法分离并轻轻吹散为小的细胞团块,传代至新的饲养层细胞上,机械法连续传代两代以上后,使用胶原酶法继续传代,细胞克隆保持未分化的状态,形态典型,完成构建iPSC。通过免疫荧光染色检测干细胞多能性标志物(核转录因子OCT4、NANOG)的表达。
2、实验结果
构建iPSC实验结果如图1所示,结果表明,成功将携带RNF213突变烟雾病患者的皮肤组织重新编程为iPSC。
免疫荧光检测实验结果如图2所示,结果显示,iPS细胞系阳性表达核转录因子OCT4、NANOG,表明成功将携带RNF213突变烟雾病患者的皮肤组织重编程为iPSC。
实施例2利用烟雾病病人来源的iPSCs培养血管类器官
1、实验方法
阶段1:诱导iPSC分化为中胚层(Day0-3)
待iPSC汇合度达40-70%,可启动分化。第0天(Day0)开始,通过加入CHIR99021来激活WNT信号并与BMP4一起培养3天。培养基为混合DMEM/F12培养基、neurobasal培养基、B27添加剂、N2添加剂、谷氨酰胺、β-巯基乙醇(1:100)、青霉素-链霉素、12μM CHIR99021和30ng/mL BMP-4,并将聚集体转移至低附着板培养细胞,诱导分化为中胚层。
阶段2:诱导产生血管网结构(Day3-10)
将阶段1获得的中胚层切换到含有VEGF-A的血管诱导培养基中培养2天(Day3-4)。培养基为混合DMEM/F12培养基、neurobasal培养基、B27添加剂、N2添加剂、谷氨酰胺、β-巯基乙醇(1:100)、青霉素-链霉素、100ng/mL VEGF-A和2μM毛喉素(forskolin)。
第5天(Day5),将细胞聚集体包埋在12孔板的3D胶原I-Matrigel基质中,具体步骤如下:配制2.0mg/mL I型胶原蛋白溶液(Collagen I),混合0.1N NaOH、10×DMEM、HEPES、7.5%碳酸氢钠、谷氨酰胺(Glutamax)和Ham’s F-12,快速用pH指示条测量胶原I溶液的pH值,pH值为7.4。按4:1比例混合Collagen I-Matrigel,将聚集体种在Collagen I-Matrigel基质中,使聚集体分布均匀;在37℃下孵育2h,使凝胶凝固。培养基为人内皮SFM培养基、15% FBS、100ng/mL VEGF-A和100ng/mL FGF-2,诱导血管分化、出芽。
阶段3:形成血管类器官
使用无菌镊子的圆端从孔底游离整个基质胶。在无菌条件下,用无菌实验室勺子将凝胶转移到10cm培养皿的盖子上。使用两根无菌30号针切断单个血管网络,并尽量减少类器官周围过多基质的数量。将单个类器官,转移到6孔低附着板上,加入人内皮SFM培养基、15% FBS、100ng/mL VEGF-A和100ng/mL FGF-2,培养类器官。
免疫荧光技术检测细胞特异性标志物(内皮细胞CD31标志物、平滑肌细胞标志物)的表达。
2、实验结果
实验结果如图3所示,结果表明成功构建血管类器官模型。
实施例3血管类器官功能验证实验
1、实验方法
使用单细胞测序实验和流式细胞实验验证实施例2中培养的血管类器官为烟雾病类器官,具体方法如下:
单细胞测序方法:每组收集40-50个类器官,用DPBS洗涤后,用解剖刀切碎类器官。将类器官转移到含有中性蛋白酶酶和胶原酶的DPBS溶液中。37℃下孵育20至30分钟。并在4℃下以300g的速度离心5分钟。将细胞沉淀重悬于HBSS中,通过细胞过滤器过滤,并在4℃下以300g再次离心5分钟,用2% FBS重悬,细胞计数并稀释至10,000个细胞的适当浓度,进行10×单细胞测序。
流式实验方法:用Accutase细胞解离溶液消化类器官,形成单细胞悬液。每组约1×10^6个单细胞与Alexa 488标记的CD31抗体(1:1000稀释,BD)一起孵育30分钟。使用FlowJo软件对结果进行分析。
2、实验结果
实验结果如图4、图5所示,结果显示,通过单细胞测序进行细胞注释,在烟雾病组中,平滑肌的比例高于健康对照组,并通过流式分析验证了这一结果,和烟雾病的病理特征平滑肌增多一致,模拟了该疾病表型。
上述实施例的说明只是用于理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也将落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (29)
1.一种烟雾病血管类器官模型的构建方法,其特征在于,所述构建方法包括以下步骤:
(1)诱导烟雾病病人来源的iPSC分化为中胚层;
(2)诱导步骤(1)中所述的中胚层产生血管网结构;
(3)培养步骤(2)中所述的血管网结构形成血管类器官模型;
所述步骤(1)的具体步骤包括:使用含有WNT激动剂和TGF-β超家族的培养基诱导分化所述iPSC,以获得中胚层;
所述WNT激动剂为CHIR99021;
所述TGF-β超家族为BMP4;
所述步骤(2)的具体步骤包括:
(a)使用含有VEGF和cAMP激动剂的培养基诱导分化所述的中胚层,获得血管细胞;
(b)将步骤(a)中所述血管细胞包埋在细胞外基质中进行孵育,孵育后使用含有VEGF和FGF的培养基覆盖在包埋有血管细胞的细胞外基质上,诱导所述血管细胞分化、出芽,获得血管网结构;
所述步骤(3)的具体步骤包括:将步骤(2)(b)中的血管网结构转移到附着板上,使用含有VEGF和FGF的培养基培养步骤(2)中所述的血管网结构,以形成血管类器官模型;
步骤(2)(b)和步骤(3)中所述FGF为FGF-2,所述VEGF为VEGF-A;步骤(2)(a)所述cAMP激动剂为forskolin。
2.根据权利要求1所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述CHIR99021的浓度为12 µM。
3.根据权利要求1所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述BMP4的浓度为30 ng/mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述含有WNT激动剂和TGF-β超家族的培养基还包括基础培养基、血清替代物、谷氨酰胺或其替代物、巯基类还原剂、抗生素。
5.根据权利要求1所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述VEGF-A的浓度为100 ng/mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述forskolin的浓度为2 µM。
7.根据权利要求1所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述FGF-2的浓度为100 ng/mL。
8.根据权利要求1所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述细胞外基质为胶原蛋白和Matrigel。
9.根据权利要求8所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述胶原蛋白为Collagen-I。
10.根据权利要求9所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述Collagen-I的浓度为2.0 mg/mL。
11.根据权利要求9所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述Collagen-I的pH值为7.4。
12.根据权利要求8所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述胶原蛋白和Matrigel的混合比例为4:1。
13.根据权利要求1所述的构建方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)(b)中所述孵育的条件为37℃、2 h。
14.根据权利要求1所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述细胞外基质还与NaOH、DMEM、HEPES、碳酸氢钠、谷氨酰胺、Ham’s F-12混合。
15.根据权利要求14所述的构建方法,其特征在于,碳酸氢钠的浓度为7.5%。
16.根据权利要求1所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述含有VEGF和cAMP激动剂的培养基还包括基础培养基、血清替代物、谷氨酰胺或其替代物、巯基类还原剂、抗生素。
17.根据权利要求1所述的构建方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)(b)和(3)中所述含有VEGF和FGF的培养基还包括SFM培养基、血清。
18.根据权利要求17所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述血清为FBS。
19.根据权利要求4或16所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述基础培养基为DMEM/F12培养基和neurobasal培养基。
20.根据权利要求4或16所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述血清替代物为B27添加剂和N2添加剂。
21.根据权利要求4或16所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述谷氨酰胺或其替代物为谷氨酰胺。
22.根据权利要求4或16所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述巯基类还原剂为β-巯基乙醇。
23.根据权利要求4或16所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述抗生素为青霉素-链霉素。
24.根据权利要求1所述的构建方法,其特征在于,所述烟雾病患者为携带RNF213突变的烟雾病患者。
25.一种烟雾病血管类器官模型,其特征在于,所述烟雾病类器官模型由权利要求1-24任一项所述的构建方法获得。
26.权利要求25所述的类器官模型在筛选预防和/或治疗烟雾病的药物中的应用。
27.权利要求25所述的烟雾病血管类器官模型在制备评价烟雾病治疗药物的药效的产品中的应用。
28.权利要求25所述的烟雾病血管类器官模型在评价非诊断目的烟雾病检测产品中的应用。
29.权利要求25所述的烟雾病血管类器官模型在评价非诊断目的烟雾病检测方法中的应用。
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