CN116780724A - Active equalization apparatus and readable storage medium - Google Patents
Active equalization apparatus and readable storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN116780724A CN116780724A CN202311041341.9A CN202311041341A CN116780724A CN 116780724 A CN116780724 A CN 116780724A CN 202311041341 A CN202311041341 A CN 202311041341A CN 116780724 A CN116780724 A CN 116780724A
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 50
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 30
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004460 N cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
- H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an active equalization device and a readable storage medium. The active equalization equipment is applied to a battery pack formed by serially connecting batteries; the active equalization device includes the same number of bidirectional charge and discharge modules as the batteries. The battery is configured as at least two battery packs; the bidirectional charging and discharging module comprises a primary coil and a secondary coil which correspond to each other; each secondary coil is connected with two ends of one battery in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the primary coil is connected with two ends of one battery pack. In addition, at least a portion of the battery pack has a common portion. So configured, the battery pack is split into a plurality of small systems to respectively process the equalization problem through the arrangement of the battery pack, so that the requirement on hardware withstand voltage in the active equalization process is reduced, and the specific charge and discharge electric quantity can be solved through an algorithm subsequently to realize the equalization result. Therefore, a series of problems caused by high compressive strength requirements of an active equalization system in the prior art are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of storage battery control, in particular to active equalization equipment and a readable storage medium.
Background
In daily life, electric bicycles, communication base stations and light hybrid automobiles are seen, and nominal 48V battery packs are arranged in the electric bicycles, communication base stations and light hybrid automobiles for supplying power to equipment. The battery pack mainly comprises an acid storage battery or a lithium battery; because the battery temperature in the battery pack is different from the battery temperature at the edge, and the consistency of the battery individuals is also different, the difference of the single batteries is more obvious after long-time operation, and the overall performance and the service life of the battery pack are affected.
The common battery pack is formed by combining a plurality of batteries in a series-parallel mode, and the charge quantity of each battery is obviously different after the battery pack is subjected to multiple charge-discharge cycles due to the difference between the battery temperature in the battery pack and the battery temperature at the edge, so that the phenomenon is mainly that when the battery pack is discharged, partial over-discharge conditions exist due to the individual difference of the batteries, and the residual charge of partial batteries is more; when the battery pack is charged, the charge obtained by each battery is basically consistent due to the serial charging, and whether the battery pack is fully charged or not is judged by the voltage of the whole battery pack, so that the battery with the previous insufficient charge is not fully charged, and the battery with the larger residual charge is overcharged. Overcharge and overdischarge affect the life of the battery, and serious battery fire explosion can be caused. A battery management system is required to adjust the consistency of the unit cells in the battery pack and improve the performance of the battery pack.
The battery management system is divided into two types, namely passive equalization and active equalization, wherein the passive equalization is performed in an energy loss mode, and the active equalization is performed mainly in an energy transfer mode. The existing active equalization system has the defects of performance deficiency in equalization efficiency, loss and equalization time due to higher requirement on the compressive strength of hardware, so that a brand new active equalization control method is required.
In the prior art, the solutions currently in common use are: by detecting the voltage of each battery, carrying out parallel resistance discharge treatment on the battery with high voltage, the method is called passive equalization in the industry, and has certain equalization effect, but has obvious disadvantages, such as small equalization current and unobvious effect; only by discharging the battery with high voltage (discharging the parallel resistor, generating heat and wasting energy), the battery with low voltage cannot be charged. For a battery pack with large capacity, part of schemes adopt an active equalization technology to improve equalization current, but the equalization scheme and strategy are simpler, the situation that after a battery with low voltage in the battery pack passes active equalization, other battery voltages are lower than an average value is easily caused, active equalization is needed again, and thus repeated equalization is performed, energy is lost in equalization, equalization time is increased, and practical performance is influenced. An active equalization technology is urgently needed, which can transfer charges between each battery in a battery pack, charge the voltage of which is low, and has the advantages of high precision, high current and high efficiency, so that the battery charge in the battery pack is prevented from being carried back and forth, energy is prevented from being consumed in the carrying process, and equalization of the battery pack is preferably realized through the minimum carrying times (equalization times).
In a word, the active equalization system in the prior art has higher requirement on compressive strength, so that equalization efficiency and loss are caused, and the problem of performance deficiency exists in equalization time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an active equalization device and a readable storage medium, which are used for solving a series of problems caused by high requirements on compressive strength of an active equalization system in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an active equalization device, which is applied to a battery pack, wherein the battery pack comprises at least three batteries connected in series; the active equalization device includes the same number of bidirectional charge and discharge modules as the batteries.
The batteries are configured into at least two battery packs, and all the batteries in the battery packs are connected end to end in sequence; the bidirectional charging and discharging module comprises a primary coil and a secondary coil which correspond to each other; each secondary coil is connected with two ends of one battery in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the primary coil is connected with two ends of one battery pack.
At least a portion of the at least two battery packs have a common portion.
Optionally, at least half of the cells in each of the battery packs are slaved to the other battery pack.
Alternatively, when i is between 1 and n-1, the M < th > is i +1~M i+2 The cells are configured as the ith cell group, when i is n, the Mth cell group i +1~M i+1 The cells are configured as an ith cell group; the batteries are numbered according to the connection sequence.
Mth i +1~M i+1 The secondary coil and the Mth coil of each bidirectional charge-discharge module i +1~M i+1 The battery is connected with the M th i +1~M i+1 And the primary coil of each bidirectional charge-discharge module is connected with the ith battery pack.
Wherein n is the total number of the battery packs, i is an integer between 1 and n, M 1 =0，M n+1 When 1 < i.ltoreq.n, M i =int ((i-1) ×n/N), int ((i-1) ×n/N) +1, or int ((i-1) ×n/N) -1, int (x) is an integer obtained by rounding x, and N is the total number of the battery.
Optionally, n=24, n=4, m 2 =6，M 3 =12，M 4 =18。
Optionally, the active equalization device includes a master control module, where the master control module is configured to implement an active equalization method, and the active equalization method includes:
and obtaining the residual electric quantity of the battery.
And acquiring the total quantity of electricity required by each battery when the balance is achieved.
And solving the active change electric quantity required by each battery based on the connection relation of the active equalization equipment, so that the active change electric quantity+the passive change electric quantity caused by the active change electric quantity of other batteries = the change total electric quantity.
And controlling the bidirectional charge and discharge module to work based on the active change electric quantity.
Optionally, the step of obtaining the remaining power of the battery includes: and acquiring the open-circuit voltage of the battery and the temperature of a pole of the battery, and calculating the residual electric quantity of the battery based on the open-circuit voltage and the temperature of the pole.
Optionally, the active equalization device further includes an isolation communication module, a voltage detection module, a current detection module, and a temperature detection module.
The main control module is connected with the isolation communication module; the isolation communication module is respectively connected with the voltage detection module, the current detection module and the temperature detection module; the voltage detection module is connected with the bidirectional charge-discharge module; the current detection module is connected with the bidirectional charge-discharge module; the temperature detection module is connected with the battery.
Optionally, the step of controlling the bidirectional charge and discharge module to work based on the active power variation includes: and correcting the active variation electric quantity based on the energy efficiency of the active equalization device.
Alternatively, when i is between 1 and n-1, the M < th > is i +1~M i+2 The cells are configured as the ith cell group, when i is n, the Mth cell group i +1~M i+1 The cells are configured as an ith cell group; the batteries are numbered according to the connection sequence.
Mth i +1~M i+1 The secondary coil and the Mth coil of each bidirectional charge-discharge module i +1~M i+1 The battery is connected with the M th i +1~M i+1 And the primary coil of each bidirectional charge-discharge module is connected with the ith battery pack.
Wherein n is the total number of the battery packs, i is an integer between 1 and n, M 1 =0，M n+1 When 1 < i.ltoreq.n, M i =int ((i-1) ×n/N), int ((i-1) ×n/N) +1, or int ((i-1) ×n/N) -1, int (x) is an integer obtained by rounding x, and N is the total number of the battery.
The step of solving the active power change required by each battery comprises the following steps: listing the equation based on the following formula and solving for Q2 j ：
Q1 j1 =Q2 j1 -∑ 1 Wherein Q1 j Representing said variable total charge of the jth said battery, Q2 j The active power change of the jth battery is represented by j, the value range of j is 1-N, j1 represents a part of j, and the value range of j1 is 1~M 2 ，∑ 1 Represent 1~M th 2 The sum of the actively varying amounts of power of each of the batteries divided by M 3 The results obtained.
Q1 j2 =Q2 j2 -∑ 2 Wherein j2 represents a part of j, and the value range of j2 is M 2 +1~M n ，∑ 2 Dividing a sum of the actively varying amounts of the cells representing the kth of the battery packs by (M k+2 -M k ) The result obtained, k, represents the smallest number in the battery pack where the j2 nd battery is located.
Q1 j3 =Q2 j3 -∑ 3 -∑ 4 Wherein j3 represents a part of j, and the value range of j3 is M n +1~N，∑ 3 Represents the M < th n-1 +1~M n The sum of the actively varying amounts of electricity of the individual cells divided by (N-M) n-1 ) The result of the obtaining of Sigma 4 Represents the M < th n The sum of the actively varying amounts of electricity of +1 to N of the batteries is divided by (N-M) n ) The results obtained.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention further provides a readable storage medium, where a program is stored, and when the program runs, an active equalization method is executed, where the active equalization method is applied to the active equalization device, and the active equalization method includes:
and obtaining the residual electric quantity of the battery.
And acquiring the total quantity of electricity required by each battery when the balance is achieved.
And solving the active change electric quantity required by each battery based on the connection relation of the active equalization equipment, so that the active change electric quantity+the passive change electric quantity caused by the active change electric quantity of other batteries = the change total electric quantity.
And controlling the bidirectional charge and discharge module to work based on the active change electric quantity.
Compared with the prior art, in the active equalization equipment and the readable storage medium, the active equalization equipment is applied to a battery pack, and the battery pack comprises at least three batteries connected in series; the active equalization device includes the same number of bidirectional charge and discharge modules as the batteries. The batteries are configured into at least two battery packs, and all the batteries in the battery packs are connected end to end in sequence; the bidirectional charging and discharging module comprises a primary coil and a secondary coil which correspond to each other; each secondary coil is connected with two ends of one battery in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the primary coil is connected with two ends of one battery pack. In addition, at least a portion of the battery pack has a common portion. So configured, the battery pack is split into a plurality of small systems to respectively process the equalization problem through the arrangement of the battery pack, so that the requirement on hardware withstand voltage in the active equalization process is reduced, and the specific charge and discharge electric quantity can be solved through an algorithm subsequently to realize the equalization result. Therefore, a series of problems caused by high compressive strength requirements of an active equalization system in the prior art are solved.
Drawings
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the figures are provided for a better understanding of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the scope of the present invention. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an active equalization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of the connection of a battery and a bi-directional charge and discharge module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of the connection of a battery and a bi-directional charge and discharge module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2c is a schematic diagram of a connection between a battery and a bi-directional charge and discharge module according to a variation of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of an active equalization method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Wherein:
1-an active equalization device; 11-a main control module; 12-isolating the communication module; 13-a voltage detection module; 14-a current detection module; 15-a bidirectional charge-discharge module; 16-a temperature detection module; 2-cell.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments thereof in order to make the objects, advantages and features of the invention more apparent. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not drawn to scale, merely for convenience and clarity in aiding in the description of embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, the structures shown in the drawings are often part of actual structures. In particular, the drawings are shown with different emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the various embodiments.
As used in this disclosure, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents, the term "or" are generally used in the sense of comprising "and/or" and the term "several" are generally used in the sense of comprising "at least one," the term "at least two" are generally used in the sense of comprising "two or more," and the term "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying any relative importance or number of features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "first," "second," "third," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or at least two such features, with "one end" and "another end" and "proximal end" and "distal end" generally referring to the respective two portions, including not only the endpoints, but also the terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or as being integral therewith; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. Furthermore, as used in this disclosure, an element disposed on another element generally only refers to a connection, coupling, cooperation or transmission between two elements, and the connection, coupling, cooperation or transmission between two elements may be direct or indirect through intermediate elements, and should not be construed as indicating or implying any spatial positional relationship between the two elements, i.e., an element may be in any orientation, such as inside, outside, above, below, or on one side, of the other element unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The invention provides active equalization equipment and a readable storage medium, which are used for solving a series of problems caused by high compressive strength requirements of an active equalization system in the prior art.
The following description refers to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an active equalization apparatus 1, which is applied to a battery pack including at least three batteries connected in series; the active equalization device includes the same number of bi-directional charge and discharge modules 15 as the batteries.
The active equalization device 1 further comprises a main control module 11, an isolation communication module 12, a voltage detection module 13, a current detection module 14 and a temperature detection module 16.
The main control module 11 is connected with the isolation communication module 12; the isolation communication module 12 is respectively connected with the voltage detection module 13, the current detection module 14 and the temperature detection module 16; the voltage detection module 13 is connected with the bidirectional charge and discharge module 15; the current detection module 14 is connected with the bidirectional charge and discharge module 15; the temperature detection module 16 is connected to the battery 2.
The operation and operation of the isolated communication module 12, the voltage detection module 13, the current detection module 14, and the temperature detection module 16 may be understood according to the common general knowledge in the art, and will not be described herein.
The battery 2 is configured into at least two battery packs, and all the batteries in the battery packs are connected end to end in sequence; the bidirectional charge-discharge module 15 comprises a primary coil and a secondary coil which correspond to each other; each secondary coil is connected with two ends of one battery in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the primary coil is connected with two ends of one battery pack.
The bidirectional charge-discharge module 15 has an isolated DC-DC power module, an isolated coupling inductor is used in the isolated DC-DC power module, the coupling inductor has two groups of coils, the coil of the isolated coupling inductor connected with the battery is called a secondary coil, and the coil of the isolated coupling inductor connected with the battery is called a primary coil.
It is to be understood that although in general each battery in a battery pack should be a battery of the same parameters, a battery pack consisting of batteries of different parameters in special cases is not excluded. If there are some cells in parallel in the pack, they can be regarded as one cell as a whole.
In an exemplary embodiment, the battery 2 and the bidirectional charge and discharge module are connected as shown in fig. 2 a. In fig. 2a, the battery pack comprises 24 batteries 2, and is designated as a to X in the order of connection, and the number (not the reference numeral) is denoted by the "number + #". It will be appreciated that X is numbered 1, W is numbered 2, V is numbered 3, and so on, with A being numbered 24, depending on the order of connection. In fig. 2a to 2c, although the primary coil and the secondary coil of the bidirectional charge-discharge module are not labeled, they can be identified by a person skilled in the art. For example, a bidirectional charge and discharge module on the left side of battery a has two ports on the left side of the primary coil and two ports on the right side of the secondary coil.
In fig. 2a, the 1 st to 6 th batteries are configured as the 1 st battery pack, the secondary coils of the 1 st to 6 th bidirectional charge-discharge modules are respectively connected with the 1 st to 6 th batteries one by one, and the primary coils of the 1 st to 6 th bidirectional charge-discharge modules are connected with two ends of the 1 st battery pack. In practice, the logic of the number of the bidirectional charge and discharge module should be given, but it may be agreed that the numbers of the bidirectional charge and discharge module and the battery connected through the secondary coil are the same. The 7 th to 12 th, 13 th to 18 th and 19 th to 24 th batteries are respectively configured as the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th battery packs, and the connection manner of the two-way charge and discharge module can be understood by referring to fig. 2 a.
According to the connection method shown in fig. 2a, the battery pack is divided into independent small systems, so configured that the technical problem of the present invention can be solved, but preferably at least a part of the at least two battery packs have a common part. By the configuration, the connection among the battery packs can be enhanced, and the transfer process of the electric quantity is smoother.
Fig. 2b shows an implementation possibility of the preferred solution described above, and the numbering logic of each battery and the bidirectional charge and discharge module is the same as that of fig. 2 a. The 1 st to 12 th batteries are configured as 1 st battery pack, the 7 th to 18 th batteries are configured as 2 nd battery pack, the 13 th to 24 th batteries are configured as 3 rd battery pack, and the 19 th to 24 th batteries are configured as 4 th battery pack. The common part of the 1 st battery pack and the 2 nd battery pack is the 7 th to 12 th batteries, and the common parts of the rest battery packs are not repeated. Based on the same design rules, a variation as shown in fig. 2c may also be provided, although similar to such a variation is not common in practical applications, such a variation may also exist, for example, in a specific device, the position shape of the battery pack may be provided to be relatively special, so that the number of batteries is not the common number of 16, 24, 48, etc., and for example, the number of groups of the battery packs may not be completely equal, which may be limited by the overall circuit design. However, the modification shown in fig. 2c can solve the technical problem proposed by the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2c, the battery pack includes 23 batteries, the 1 st to 12 th batteries are configured as the 1 st battery pack, the 6 th to 18 th batteries are configured as the 2 nd battery pack, the 13 th to 23 rd batteries are configured as the 3 rd battery pack, and the 19 th to 23 th batteries are configured as the 4 th battery pack.
The schemes of fig. 2b and 2c can also be summarized as: at least a portion of each of the at least two battery packs has at least half of the cells in a common portion subordinate to the other battery pack.
The structures shown in fig. 2b and 2c have the following commonalities: when i is between 1 and n-1, mth i +1~M i+2 Each of the batteries is configured as an ithThe battery pack, when i is n, mth i +1~M i+1 The cells are configured as an ith cell group; the batteries are numbered according to the connection sequence.
Mth i +1~M i+1 The secondary coil and the Mth coil of each bidirectional charge-discharge module i +1~M i+1 The battery is connected with the M th i +1~M i+1 And the primary coil of each bidirectional charge-discharge module is connected with the ith battery pack.
Wherein n is the total number of the battery packs, i is an integer between 1 and n, M 1 =0，M n+1 When 1 < i.ltoreq.n, M i =int ((i-1) ×n/N), int ((i-1) ×n/N) +1, or int ((i-1) ×n/N) -1, int (x) is an integer obtained by rounding x, and N is the total number of the battery.
For ease of understanding, a list of relevant parameters for the embodiments shown in fig. 2b and 2c is calculated and compared in table 1.
Table 1 parameters of relevance in two examples
According to the staggered arrangement mode, the number of most battery packs is the same, so that the simplicity of arrangement and the smoothness of the balancing process are both facilitated.
In particular, n=24, n=4, m 2 =6，M 3 =12，M 4 =18, which is a preferred embodiment. The reason is that the number of batteries is 24, the number of packets tends to be average, and the equalization process is smoother.
Referring to fig. 3, the master control module is configured to implement an active equalization method, where the active equalization method includes:
and S10, acquiring the open-circuit voltage of the battery and the temperature of a pole of the battery, and calculating the residual electric quantity of the battery based on the open-circuit voltage and the temperature of the pole, namely acquiring the residual electric quantity of the battery.
And S20, acquiring the total quantity of electricity required by each battery when the balance is achieved. The total variable electric quantity can be calculated according to the average value of the electric quantity and the residual electric quantity of the current battery, the total variable electric quantity required by the average value of the electric quantity is positive, and the total variable electric quantity required by the average value of the electric quantity is negative.
And S30, solving the active change electric quantity required by each battery based on the connection relation of the active equalization equipment, so that the active change electric quantity+the passive change electric quantity caused by the active change electric quantity of other batteries = the change total electric quantity. The active change electric quantity and the passive change electric quantity are also judged according to signs, the regular sign indicates that the charging is needed, and the negative sign indicates that the discharging is needed.
And S40, correcting the active variable electric quantity based on the energy efficiency of the active equalization equipment.
And S50, controlling the bidirectional charge and discharge module to work based on the corrected active change electric quantity.
Steps S40 and S50 can also be generalized to: and controlling the bidirectional charge and discharge module to work based on the active change electric quantity.
In step S10, a specific method for calculating the remaining capacity of the battery based on the open circuit voltage and the post temperature may be set according to actual needs, for example, a table look-up method, a difference method, a neural network fitting method, and the like.
In step S30, the step of solving the active power change required by each battery includes: listing the equation based on the following formula and solving for Q2 j ：
Q1 j1 =Q2 j1 -∑ 1 Wherein Q1 j Representing said variable total charge of the jth said battery, Q2 j The active power change of the jth battery is represented by j, the value range of j is 1-N, j1 represents a part of j, and the value range of j1 is 1~M 2 ，∑ 1 Represent 1~M th 2 The sum of the actively varying amounts of power of each of the batteries divided by M 3 The results obtained.
Q1 j2 =Q2 j2 -∑ 2 Wherein j2 represents a part of j, and the value range of j2 is M 2 +1~M n ，∑ 2 Dividing a sum of the actively varying amounts of the cells representing the kth of the battery packs by (M k+2 -M k ) The result obtained, k, represents the smallest number in the battery pack where the j2 nd battery is located.
Q1 j3 =Q2 j3 -∑ 3 -∑ 4 Wherein j3 represents a part of j, and the value range of j3 is M n +1~N，∑ 3 Represents the M < th n-1 +1~M n The sum of the actively varying amounts of electricity of the individual cells divided by (N-M) n-1 ) The result of the obtaining of Sigma 4 Represents the M < th n The sum of the actively varying amounts of electricity of +1 to N of the batteries is divided by (N-M) n ) The results obtained.
∑ 1 ~∑ 4 The cause of the generation is analyzed by taking the 1 st cell as an example, when the 1 st cell is charged with the actively varying electric quantity Q, the electric quantity Q is actually supplied from each cell in the 1 st cell group, and therefore, each cell in the 1 st cell group needs to subtract Q/N 1 Power share, where N 1 Representing the number of cells in the 1 st battery pack. The charge and discharge processes of other batteries can be analyzed based on similar ideas. Adding all the electric quantity of the charge and discharge provided by each battery for other batteries to obtain the sum 1 ~∑ 4 . 1~M th 2 Passively varying the amount of electricity, i.e., sigma, of individual cells 1 M th 1 +1~M n Passively varying the amount of electricity, i.e., sigma, of individual cells 2 M th n Passive variation of +1 to N cells, i.e., sigma 3 -∑ 4 。
Taking the embodiment shown in FIG. 2b as an example, the equation Q1 j1 =Q2 j1 -∑ 1 The value range of j1 is 1 to 6, and Sigma 1 The molecule of this term is Q2 1 ~Q2 6 The sum and the denominator are M 3 I.e. 12, formula Q1 j1 =Q2 j1 -∑ 1 Specifically, there are 6 equations:
Q1 1 =Q2 1 -(Q2 1 +Q2 2 +Q2 3 +Q2 4 +Q2 5 +Q2 6 )/12
Q1 2 =Q2 2 -(Q2 1 +Q2 2 +Q2 3 +Q2 4 +Q2 5 +Q2 6 )/12
Q1 3 =Q2 3 -(Q2 1 +Q2 2 +Q2 3 +Q2 4 +Q2 5 +Q2 6 )/12
Q1 4 =Q2 4 -(Q2 1 +Q2 2 +Q2 3 +Q2 4 +Q2 5 +Q2 6 )/12
Q1 5 =Q2 5 -(Q2 1 +Q2 2 +Q2 3 +Q2 4 +Q2 5 +Q2 6 )/12
Q1 6 =Q2 6 -(Q2 1 +Q2 2 +Q2 3 +Q2 4 +Q2 5 +Q2 6 )/12。
formula Q1 j2 =Q2 j2 -∑ 2 Wherein the value range of j2 is 7-18, and the values can be divided into 7-12 and 13-18 groups for discussion. For j2=7 to 12, the 7 th to 12 th batteries belong to the 1 st battery and the 2 nd battery, and therefore the battery number is minimum 1, i.e., k=1, then Σ 2 The molecule of this term is Q2 1 ~Q2 12 The sum and the denominator are M 3 -M 1 I.e. 12, formula Q1 j2 =Q2 j2 -∑ 2 Specifically, there are 6 equations:
Q1 7 =Q2 7 -(Q2 1 +Q2 2 +Q2 3 +Q2 4 +Q2 5 +Q2 6 +Q2 7 +Q2 8 +Q2 9 +Q2 10 +Q2 11 +Q2 12 )/12
Q1 8 =Q2 8 -(Q2 1 +Q2 2 +Q2 3 +Q2 4 +Q2 5 +Q2 6 +Q2 7 +Q2 8 +Q2 9 +Q2 10 +Q2 11 +Q2 12 )/12
Q1 9 =Q2 9 -(Q2 1 +Q2 2 +Q2 3 +Q2 4 +Q2 5 +Q2 6 +Q2 7 +Q2 8 +Q2 9 +Q2 10 +Q2 11 +Q2 12 )/12
Q1 10 =Q2 10 -(Q2 1 +Q2 2 +Q2 3 +Q2 4 +Q2 5 +Q2 6 +Q2 7 +Q2 8 +Q2 9 +Q2 10 +Q2 11 +Q2 12 )/12
Q1 11 =Q2 11 -(Q2 1 +Q2 2 +Q2 3 +Q2 4 +Q2 5 +Q2 6 +Q2 7 +Q2 8 +Q2 9 +Q2 10 +Q2 11 +Q2 12 )/12
Q1 12 =Q2 12 -(Q2 1 +Q2 2 +Q2 3 +Q2 4 +Q2 5 +Q2 6 +Q2 7 +Q2 8 +Q2 9 +Q2 10 +Q2 11 +Q2 12 )/12。
for j2=13 to 18, the 13 to 18 th battery belongs to the 2 nd battery and the 3 rd battery, so the number of the battery is minimum 2, i.e. k=2, thus Σ 2 The molecule of this term is Q2 7 ~Q2 18 The sum and the denominator are M 4 -M 2 I.e. 12, formula Q1 j2 =Q2 j2 -∑ 2 Specifically, there are 6 equations:
Q1 13 =Q2 13 -(Q2 7 +Q2 8 +Q2 9 +Q2 10 +Q2 11 +Q2 12 +Q2 13 +Q2 14 +Q2 15 +Q2 16 +Q2 17 + Q2 18 )/12
Q1 14 =Q2 14 -(Q2 7 +Q2 8 +Q2 9 +Q2 10 +Q2 11 +Q2 12 +Q2 13 +Q2 14 +Q2 15 +Q2 16 +Q2 17 + Q2 18 )/12
Q1 15 =Q2 15 -(Q2 7 +Q2 8 +Q2 9 +Q2 10 +Q2 11 +Q2 12 +Q2 13 +Q2 14 +Q2 15 +Q2 16 +Q2 17 + Q2 18 )/12
Q1 16 =Q2 16 -(Q2 7 +Q2 8 +Q2 9 +Q2 10 +Q2 11 +Q2 12 +Q2 13 +Q2 14 +Q2 15 +Q2 16 +Q2 17 + Q2 18 )/12
Q1 17 =Q2 17 -(Q2 7 +Q2 8 +Q2 9 +Q2 10 +Q2 11 +Q2 12 +Q2 13 +Q2 14 +Q2 15 +Q2 16 +Q2 17 + Q2 18 )/12
Q1 18 =Q2 18 -(Q2 7 +Q2 8 +Q2 9 +Q2 10 +Q2 11 +Q2 12 +Q2 13 +Q2 14 +Q2 15 +Q2 16 +Q2 17 + Q2 18 )/12。
formula Q1 j3 =Q2 j3 -∑ 3 -∑ 4 Wherein j3 has a value ranging from 19 to 24 and Σ 3 The molecule of (2) is Q2 13 ~Q2 18 The sum and denominator is N-M 3 I.e. 12, sigma 4 The molecule of (2) is Q2 19 ~Q2 24 The sum and denominator is N-M 4 I.e. 6, formula Q1 j3 =Q2 j3 -∑ 3 -∑ 4 Specifically, there are 6 equations:
Q1 19 =Q2 19 -(Q2 13 +Q2 14 +Q2 15 +Q2 16 +Q2 17 +Q2 18 )/12-(Q2 19 +Q2 20 +Q2 21 +Q2 22 + Q2 23 +Q2 24 )/6
Q1 20 =Q2 20 -(Q2 13 +Q2 14 +Q2 15 +Q2 16 +Q2 17 +Q2 18 )/12-(Q2 19 +Q2 20 +Q2 21 +Q2 22 + Q2 23 +Q2 24 )/6
Q1 21 =Q2 21 -(Q2 13 +Q2 14 +Q2 15 +Q2 16 +Q2 17 +Q2 18 )/12-(Q2 19 +Q2 20 +Q2 21 +Q2 22 + Q2 23 +Q2 24 )/6
Q1 22 =Q2 22 -(Q2 13 +Q2 14 +Q2 15 +Q2 16 +Q2 17 +Q2 18 )/12-(Q2 19 +Q2 20 +Q2 21 +Q2 22 + Q2 23 +Q2 24 )/6
Q1 23 =Q2 23 -(Q2 13 +Q2 14 +Q2 15 +Q2 16 +Q2 17 +Q2 18 )/12-(Q2 19 +Q2 20 +Q2 21 +Q2 22 + Q2 23 +Q2 24 )/6
Q1 24 =Q2 24 -(Q2 13 +Q2 14 +Q2 15 +Q2 16 +Q2 17 +Q2 18 )/12-(Q2 19 +Q2 20 +Q2 21 +Q2 22 + Q2 23 +Q2 24 )/6。
the 24 equations form a system of equations, wherein Q1 1 ~Q1 24 Is of a known quantity, and Q2 1 ~Q2 24 And for the unknown number to be solved, the 24 unknown numbers and the 24 equations just ensure that each unknown number has a solution, and the solved solution is the active change electric quantity.
Based on the same idea, the equation set of the embodiment shown in fig. 2c can be listed and solved, and will not be described here.
At the calculation of Q2 1 ~Q2 24 Then, the main control module sequentially controls each bidirectional charge and discharge module to work by Q2 1 ~Q2 24 As a target of controlling the amount of electricity flowing through the bidirectional charge-discharge module. Taking the 1 st battery as an example, when the total electric quantity flowing through the 1 st bidirectional charge-discharge module is Q2 1 When the total electric quantity increased by the 1 st battery is 11Q2 1 And/12, but this does not affect the final equalization effect of the active equalization device described above. If in other schemes, 11Q2 1 And/12 is regarded as the active power change, so that the equation can still solve the problem only by carrying out equivalent transformation.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2b, a bidirectional charge-discharge module is adopted, and through a special connection relationship with the single batteries in the battery pack and matching with an algorithm, accurate equalization can be realized, and the charge quantity of each battery in the battery pack is basically consistent after one-time equalization; the equalization time is effectively shortened, the equalization loss is reduced, and the efficiency is improved; meanwhile, one side of the bidirectional charge and discharge module is connected with a single battery, the other side of the bidirectional charge and discharge module is connected with 12 batteries, the bidirectional charge and discharge module is not directly connected with 24 batteries, the voltage of the primary side is reduced, the requirement on chip withstand voltage in the bidirectional charge and discharge module can be reduced, and the cost is effectively reduced.
The embodiment also provides an active equalization method, which is applied to the active equalization device, and comprises the following steps:
and obtaining the residual electric quantity of the battery.
And acquiring the total quantity of electricity required by each battery when the balance is achieved.
And solving the active change electric quantity required by each battery based on the connection relation of the active equalization equipment, so that the active change electric quantity+the passive change electric quantity caused by the active change electric quantity of other batteries = the change total electric quantity.
And controlling the bidirectional charge and discharge module to work based on the active change electric quantity.
The embodiment also provides a readable storage medium, wherein a program is stored on the readable storage medium, and when the program runs, the active equalization method is executed.
The active equalization method and the readable storage medium also provide preconditions for solving the problems existing in the prior art.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment provides an active equalization device and a readable storage medium. The active equalization device is applied to a battery pack, and the battery pack comprises at least three batteries connected in series; the active equalization device includes the same number of bidirectional charge and discharge modules as the batteries. The batteries are configured into at least two battery packs, and all the batteries in the battery packs are connected end to end in sequence; the bidirectional charging and discharging module comprises a primary coil and a secondary coil which correspond to each other; each secondary coil is connected with two ends of one battery in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the primary coil is connected with two ends of one battery pack. In addition, at least a portion of the battery pack has a common portion. So configured, the battery pack is split into a plurality of small systems to respectively process the equalization problem through the arrangement of the battery pack, so that the requirement on hardware withstand voltage in the active equalization process is reduced, and the specific charge and discharge electric quantity can be solved through an algorithm subsequently to realize the equalization result. Therefore, a series of problems caused by high compressive strength requirements of an active equalization system in the prior art are solved.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way, and any changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure will be deemed to fall within the scope and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An active equalization device characterized by being applied to a battery pack comprising at least three batteries connected in series; the active equalization equipment comprises bidirectional charge and discharge modules, the number of which is the same as that of the batteries;
the batteries are configured into at least two battery packs, and all the batteries in the battery packs are connected end to end in sequence; the bidirectional charging and discharging module comprises a primary coil and a secondary coil which correspond to each other; each secondary coil is connected with two ends of one battery in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the primary coil is connected with two ends of one battery pack;
at least a portion of the at least two battery packs have a common portion.
2. The active equalization apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least half of the cells in each of the battery packs are slaved to the other battery pack.
3. The active equalization device of claim 1, wherein when i is between 1 and n-1, the mth i +1~M i+2 The cells are configured as the ith cell group, when i is n, the Mth cell group i +1~M i+1 The cells are configured as an ith cell group; the batteries are numbered according to the connection sequence;
mth i +1~M i+1 The secondary coil and the Mth coil of each bidirectional charge-discharge module i +1~M i+1 The battery is connected with the M th i +1~M i+1 The primary coil of each bidirectional charge-discharge module is connected with the ith battery pack;
wherein n is the total number of the battery packs, i is an integer between 1 and n, M 1 =0，M n+1 When 1 < i.ltoreq.n, M i =int ((i-1) ×n/N), int ((i-1) ×n/N) +1, or int ((i-1) ×n/N) -1, int (x) is an integer obtained by rounding x, and N is the total number of the battery.
4. An active equalization device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that n=24, n=4, m 2 =6，M 3 =12，M 4 =18。
5. The active equalization device of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the active equalization device comprises a master module, the master module being configured to implement an active equalization method, the active equalization method comprising:
obtaining the residual electric quantity of the battery;
acquiring the total quantity of electricity required by each battery when the balance is achieved;
based on the connection relation of the active equalization equipment, the active change electric quantity required by each battery is solved, so that the active change electric quantity+the passive change electric quantity caused by the active change electric quantity of other batteries = the change total electric quantity; the method comprises the steps of,
and controlling the bidirectional charge and discharge module to work based on the active change electric quantity.
6. The active equalization device of claim 5, wherein the step of obtaining the remaining charge of the battery comprises: and acquiring the open-circuit voltage of the battery and the temperature of a pole of the battery, and calculating the residual electric quantity of the battery based on the open-circuit voltage and the temperature of the pole.
7. The active equalization device of claim 5, further comprising an isolated communication module, a voltage detection module, a current detection module, and a temperature detection module;
the main control module is connected with the isolation communication module; the isolation communication module is respectively connected with the voltage detection module, the current detection module and the temperature detection module; the voltage detection module is connected with the bidirectional charge-discharge module; the current detection module is connected with the bidirectional charge-discharge module; the temperature detection module is connected with the battery.
8. The active equalization apparatus of claim 5, wherein the step of controlling the operation of the bi-directional charge-discharge module based on the active varying charge comprises: and correcting the active variation electric quantity based on the energy efficiency of the active equalization device.
9. The active equalization apparatus of claim 5, wherein when i is between 1 and n-1, the mth i +1~M i+2 The cells are configured as the ith cell group, when i is n, the Mth cell group i +1~M i+1 The cells are configured as an ith cell group; the batteries are numbered according to the connection sequence;
mth i +1~M i+1 The secondary coil and the Mth coil of each bidirectional charge-discharge module i +1~M i+1 The battery is connected with the M th i +1~M i+1 The primary coil of each bidirectional charge-discharge module is connected with the ith battery pack;
wherein n is the total number of the battery packs, i is an integer between 1 and n, M 1 =0，M n+1 When 1 < i.ltoreq.n, M i =int ((i-1) ×n/N), int ((i-1) ×n/N) +1, or int ((i-1) ×n/N) -1, int (x) is an integer obtained by rounding x, N is the total number of the battery;
said solving each of said cellsThe step of actively changing the electric quantity required includes: listing the equation based on the following formula and solving for Q2 j ：
Q1 j1 =Q2 j1 -∑ 1 Wherein Q1 j Representing said variable total charge of the jth said battery, Q2 j The active power change of the jth battery is represented by j, the value range of j is 1-N, j1 represents a part of j, and the value range of j1 is 1~M 2 ，∑ 1 Represent 1~M th 2 The sum of the actively varying amounts of power of each of the batteries divided by M 3 The obtained result;
Q1 j2 =Q2 j2 -∑ 2 wherein j2 represents a part of j, and the value range of j2 is M 2 +1~M n ，∑ 2 Dividing a sum of the actively varying amounts of the cells representing the kth of the battery packs by (M k+2 -M k ) The obtained result, k, represents the smallest number in the battery pack where the j2 th battery is located;
Q1 j3 =Q2 j3 -∑ 3 -∑ 4 wherein j3 represents a part of j, and the value range of j3 is M n +1~N，∑ 3 Represents the M < th n-1 +1~M n The sum of the actively varying amounts of electricity of the individual cells divided by (N-M) n-1 ) The result of the obtaining of Sigma 4 Represents the M < th n The sum of the actively varying amounts of electricity of +1 to N of the batteries is divided by (N-M) n ) The results obtained.
10. A readable storage medium, wherein a program is stored on the readable storage medium, and when the program runs, an active equalization method is executed, and the active equalization method is applied to the active equalization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the active equalization method includes:
obtaining the residual electric quantity of the battery;
acquiring the total quantity of electricity required by each battery when the balance is achieved;
based on the connection relation of the active equalization equipment, the active change electric quantity required by each battery is solved, so that the active change electric quantity+the passive change electric quantity caused by the active change electric quantity of other batteries = the change total electric quantity; the method comprises the steps of,
and controlling the bidirectional charge and discharge module to work based on the active change electric quantity.
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