CN116437832A - 陶瓷部件的制造 - Google Patents
陶瓷部件的制造 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116437832A CN116437832A CN202180076381.XA CN202180076381A CN116437832A CN 116437832 A CN116437832 A CN 116437832A CN 202180076381 A CN202180076381 A CN 202180076381A CN 116437832 A CN116437832 A CN 116437832A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- equal
- ceramic
- weight
- oxide
- zirconia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007656 fracture toughness test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003991 Rietveld refinement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009770 conventional sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003826 uniaxial pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/488—Composites
- C04B35/4885—Composites with aluminium oxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
- A44C27/001—Materials for manufacturing jewellery
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/638—Removal thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/0072—Heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
- C04B41/4535—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application applied as a solution, emulsion, dispersion or suspension
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4578—Coating or impregnating of green ceramics or unset concrete
- C04B41/458—Coating or impregnating of green ceramics or unset concrete involving a mixing step with the top layer of the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
- C04B41/5036—Ferrites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/87—Ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3225—Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3241—Chromium oxides, chromates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3246—Stabilised zirconias, e.g. YSZ or cerium stabilised zirconia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3251—Niobium oxides, niobates, tantalum oxides, tantalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3258—Tungsten oxides, tungstates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3262—Manganese oxides, manganates, rhenium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. MnO
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3272—Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3275—Cobalt oxides, cobaltates or cobaltites or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bismuth cobaltate, zinc cobaltite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3279—Nickel oxides, nickalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3281—Copper oxides, cuprates or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. CuO or Cu2O
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3284—Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3289—Noble metal oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/616—Liquid infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/76—Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry
- C04B2235/762—Cubic symmetry, e.g. beta-SiC
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/76—Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry
- C04B2235/765—Tetragonal symmetry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/781—Nanograined materials, i.e. having grain sizes below 100 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/785—Submicron sized grains, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/786—Micrometer sized grains, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了基于氧化锆ZrO2的烧结技术陶瓷,该烧结技术陶瓷的特征在于,其包含:‑小于或等于3.6重量%且大于或等于2.5重量%的氧化钇Y2O3;‑选自二氧化铪HfO2、氧化铝Al2O3和氧化镁MgO中的至少一种补充组分;‑选自Fe、Ni、Cr、Zn、Co、Mn、Cu、Ti、Ta、W、Pt中的至少一种附加元素,所述至少一种附加元素的重量比例大于或等于0.1重量%、或大于或等于0.5重量%、或大于或等于1重量%、或大于或等于1.5重量%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基于氧化锆ZrO2的烧结技术陶瓷、包含这种烧结技术陶瓷的胚体或计时器部件。本发明还涉及一种包含这种烧结技术陶瓷或这种胚体或这种计时器部件的计时器。最后,本发明涉及一种用于制造基于氧化锆ZrO2的烧结技术陶瓷的方法。
背景技术
在钟表领域,就像在珠宝领域一样,已知使用由技术陶瓷制成的部件,也将更简单地称为陶瓷。形容词“技术”指的是所选陶瓷的高性能。具体地,这些技术陶瓷可以实现非常高的机械、热或甚至电和/或生化特性,这使它们适合用于形成计时器部件,尤其是计时器机芯部件,但也适用于手表外部部件。这种情况下使用的技术陶瓷通过它们的成分而区别于传统陶瓷,因为它们来源于纯化的合成粉末,而不是来源于天然矿物粉末如长石或高岭土。
用于制造陶瓷部件的方法包括第一阶段,其包括准备原材料,即陶瓷粉末,例如基于氧化锆和/或氧化铝的陶瓷粉末。
用于制造陶瓷部件的方法的第二阶段,包括将粘合剂结合到在第一阶段所获得的陶瓷粉末中。这种粘合剂通常由一种或多种有机化合物组成。粘合剂的性质和比例取决于第三阶段的设想工艺,并且第二阶段的结束时,通常参考粘合的陶瓷粉末。
第三阶段包括陶瓷部件成型。为此,第一种方法包括压制在第二阶段结束时获得的粘合颗粒团聚体的步骤:在这种方法中,第二阶段准备雾化颗粒形式的粘合陶瓷粉末用于压制。第二种方法包括通过注入模具来进行成型。在这种情况下,由第二阶段产生的制品是被称为“原料”的粘合陶瓷粉末。第三种更传统的方法包括通过浇注到模具中来进行成型,通常称为粉浆浇注(slip casting),随后进行干燥。在这种情况下,由第二阶段产生的制品是在悬浮液中的粘合陶瓷粉末,称为浆料或也称为“泥浆”。在第三阶段结束时,该陶瓷部件(通常也称为生坯)具有接近其最终形状的形状,并且包含陶瓷粉末和粘合剂。可以使用其他成型技术,例如凝胶注模成型、冷冻注模成型或凝固注模成型技术。
第四阶段可以完成陶瓷部件。
·第四阶段包括应用于生坯的第一个脱脂步骤,并且可以通过以下多种方式进行:
-通过称为“预烧结”的热处理;或者
-通过使用溶液(例如可以是水溶液)处理。
该步骤引起至少一部分粘合剂的提取:因此,该步骤是脱脂或部分脱脂。为了符号的简化,该步骤因此被称为“脱脂”。所得部件是至少部分脱脂的生坯:如果该部件是完全脱脂,则称为棕色坯体,否则该部件保留依然生坯(still-green body)或生坯的名称。
·第二个步骤使部件被压实,消除由于去除粘合剂而留下的孔隙。该第二个步骤通常包括热烧结处理(在高温烧制)。该部件的最终机械性能仅在第四阶段结束时出现,是该部件的多种成分之间反应的结果,也是炉中存在的气体在热处理过程中发挥作用的结果,以及挤压的结果。这些反应很复杂,并且有时无法预测。
在技术陶瓷中,通常使用基于氧化锆的陶瓷,因为它们具有高机械性能。期望提高这些机械性能。然而,寻求提高这种陶瓷的机械性能的现有技术解决方案似乎增加了破损应力,从而损害断裂韧性,该断裂韧性是降低的,反之亦然。
另一方面,可能需要在固有地为白色胚体的陶瓷部件中添加颜料。
文献US10202307描述了氧化锆基部件的制造。该文献公开了一种需要强制实施热等静压(也已知为其首字母缩写HIP)步骤的方法,来优化所得部件的机械性能,特别是其破损应力和断裂韧性。这种步骤是非常有限制的,因为它的实施昂贵并且复杂。
发明内容
因此,本发明的第一个目的是提出一种基于氧化锆的技术陶瓷的解决方案,其可以实现高性能,特别是关于其破损应力和断裂韧性的高机械性能。
本发明的第二个目的是提出一种可以在简单方式制造的基于氧化锆的技术陶瓷的解决方案。
本发明的第三个目的是提出一种可以实现有吸引力美学外观的基于氧化锆的技术陶瓷的解决方案。
为此,本发明涉及一种基于氧化锆ZrO2的烧结技术陶瓷,其中,所述烧结技术陶瓷包括或由以下成分组成:
-重量比例小于或等于3.6%且大于或等于2.5%的氧化钇Y2O3;
-选自二氧化铪HfO2、重量比例在0.1%~0.5%的氧化铝Al2O3和氧化镁MgO中的至少一种补充组分;
-选自Fe、Ni、Cr、Zn、Co、Mn、Cu、Ti、Ta、W、Pt中的至少一种附加元素,该至少一种附加元素的重量比例大于或等于0.1%、或甚至大于或等于0.3%、或甚至大于或等于0.5%、或甚至大于或等于1%、或甚至大于或等于1.5%。
本发明由权利要求更具体地限定。
附图说明
本发明的这些目的、特征和优点将在后续具体实施方式的描述中详细阐述,通过参考附图的非限制性实例的方式给出,其中:
图1显示了根据本发明的一种实施方式由彩色技术陶瓷制成的计时器用部件的制造方法步骤的流程图。
图2显示了根据本发明第一个实施例实施方式详细列出用于制造技术陶瓷的浸渍溶液成分的表格。
图3显示了为了说明本发明的技术效果而详细列出多个比较陶瓷的成分的表格。
图4显示了为了说明本发明的技术效果而详细列出所述多个比较陶瓷的特性的表格。
图5说明了具体地包含根据本发明的技术陶瓷的计时器部件。
具体实施方式
在下文中,陶瓷胚体或陶瓷部件被定义为由主要包含至少一种致密陶瓷的材料制成的元件。“致密”陶瓷被理解为是指其密度在所讨论材料的理论密度的95%~100%的陶瓷。在本文中,术语“陶瓷”或“技术陶瓷”表示基于稳定氧化锆的致密材料。
此外,“基于氧化锆”应理解为是指在所有情况下主要包含氧化锆组分的材料,其重量比例至少为50%、或甚至至少75%、或甚至至少90%。例如,根据本发明的陶瓷材料包含至少50重量%的氧化锆。
在所有情况下,该陶瓷不含任何有机化合物。因此,通用术语“粘合陶瓷”表示由陶瓷和通常由一种或多种有机化合物以可变比例组成的粘合剂所组成的复合材料。术语“生坯”表示成型并且粘合的陶瓷,更准确的术语“依然生坯”表示成型并且部分脱脂的陶瓷。“棕色胚体”表示成型并且完全脱脂的陶瓷。因此,所有三个术语“生坯”、“依然生坯”和“棕色坯体”表示在制造陶瓷胚体的过程中处于中间状态的胚体,特别是在烧结步骤之前。
根据本发明的实施方式的制造陶瓷胚体的方法包括图1中流程图图示显示的阶段和步骤。
该制造方法包括该方法的通常阶段P1至P4,即陶瓷粉末的制备(P1)、粘合剂的添加(P2)、部件的成型(P3)和脱脂和烧结的热处理(P4)。根据本发明,将如下文所详细描述的修改该最后阶段。这些阶段的传统步骤将不再详细描述,因为它们是现有技术中已知的。因此,本领域技术人员将能够实施它们,包括根据任何现有的变体或等同物。
根据一种有利的实施方式,将进行两个第一阶段以获得常规的氧化锆粉末,例如由术语结合2Y氧化锆表示的市售氧化锆。第三阶段成型是同样通过任何已知技术进行,例如铸造、单轴压制、低压或高压注射方法,以获得生坯。
第一阶段P1可以包括制造包含氧化钇Y2O3的氧化锆粉末的步骤,例如在文献EP2630079中所述通过乳液爆炸合成(emulsion detonation synthesis,EDS)。氧化钇Y2O3的重量比例优选为小于或等于3.7%并且大于或等于2.6%。
此外,氧化锆粉末包含选自二氧化铪HfO2、氧化铝Al2O3和氧化镁MgO中的至少一种互补组分,其作用将在下文详细描述。
如上所述,在常规方式中第四阶段P4分为多个步骤,包括脱脂E41和烧结E42这两个步骤。脱脂步骤E41是部分脱脂或全部脱脂,分别产生依然生胚或棕色胚体。根据本发明,在该第四阶段期间,在第一脱脂步骤E41之后,额外实施陶瓷的浸渍步骤Ei。
总之,在所有情况下,该方法的第四阶段P4因此包括以下详述的步骤:
-第一脱脂步骤E41,包括通过任何已知技术(例如特定热处理)至少部分地脱脂先前获得的生坯,以获得依然生胚或棕色坯体;
-在该第一步之后实施的中间浸渍步骤Ei。该步骤可以在第一完全脱脂步骤E41之后,由此在棕色胚体上实施,或者在部分脱脂步骤E41之后的变体中实施,由此在依然生坯的物体上实施。结果,该第二烧结步骤E42可以分别在浸渍过的棕色体或浸渍过的依然生坯上实施;
-第二烧结步骤E42,包括烧结从前述步骤(E41+Ei)得到的依然生胚或棕色胚体。有利地,该烧结步骤在大气压下在空气中实施常规烧结(也称为自然烧结)。还可以设想在受控气氛下进行烧结,也就是说用施加天然性质和分压并且不同于空气的气体(氮气N2和/或氩气Ar和/或氢气H2和其在可变比例的混合物中,特别是合成气体,对应于N2和H2的混合物,例如含有95%的N2和5%的H2)。在该步骤中,浸渍过的依然生胚或棕色胚体可以在烧结之前预先干燥。有利地,该第二烧结步骤在大于1300℃的温度下进行,特别是在大约1350℃。
根据本发明,进行棕色胚体或依然生胚的浸渍步骤Ei以向其加入选自元素Fe、Cr、Ni中的至少一种附加元素。在备选方案中,进行棕色胚体或依然生胚的浸渍步骤Ei以向其中加入选自元素Fe、Cr、Ni、Co、Cu、Mn中的至少一种附加元素;或甚至选自Fe、Cr、Ni、Co、Cu、Mn、Zn、Ti、Ta、W中的至少一种附加元素;或甚至选自Fe、Cr、Ni、Co、Cu、Mn、Zn、Ti、Ta、W、Pt中的至少一种附加元素。因此,可以加入单个附加元素,或者在变体中可以加入多个这些附加元素的任何组合。
此外,根据该实施方式,至少一种附加元素的重量比例(相对于成品烧结陶瓷测量的)大于或等于0.1%。在变体中,该重量比例可以大于或等于0.2%、或大于或等于0.3%、或大于或等于0.4%、或大于或等于0.5%、或大于或等于1%、或大于或等于1.5%。此外,该重量比例有利地小于或等于20%,或者甚至小于或等于15%。这些重量比例上下限适用于每个附加元素。该浸渍步骤根据文献EP2746242和/或WO2014096318中描述的方法进行,将不再详细描述。值得注意的是,该浸渍步骤可以包括其中存在附加元素的水溶液的使用,例如以金属盐的形式。令人惊奇地发现,根据这些文献开发的为了进行染色陶瓷功能的浸渍步骤在本发明的条件下可以提高基于氧化锆的陶瓷的机械性能。
最后,该方法可以包括最后可选的终止步骤,例如矫正步骤和/或抛光步骤。
因此,本发明使得可以以简单且易于重现的方式制造基于氧化锆的、表现出提高的机械性能的烧结技术陶瓷。具体地,看来由根据本发明的烧结技术陶瓷制成的胚体具有大于或等于10MPa·m0.5或甚至大于或等于11MPa·m0.5的断裂韧性,并且具有大于或等于1400Mpa、或甚至大于或等于1650Mpa、或甚至大于或等于1800Mpa的破损应力。值得注意的是,该方法可以不使用HIP(热等静压)约束步骤。
同时,本发明可以进行第二个功能将基于氧化锆的陶瓷染色为黑色、具有不透明的外观,或甚至其他颜色,这具有第二个优点,即为其提供特别吸引人的外观,这在钟表领域和珠宝领域大受追捧。因此,在如上所述的基于氧化锆的陶瓷中存在一种或多种选定的附加元素,不仅可以获得表现出提高的性能的技术陶瓷,而且可以将其染色为黑色、绿色、棕色、蓝色或甚至其他颜色,来提供其具有特别吸引人的外观。应注意的是,这些附加元素以任何形式存在于陶瓷中,特别是以氧化形式存在。
本发明还涉及通过根据本发明的方法获得的材料本身,即基于氧化锆ZrO2的烧结技术陶瓷,包含:
-重量比例小于或等于3.6%并且大于或等于2.5%的氧化钇Y2O3;
-选自二氧化铪HfO2、氧化铝Al2O3和氧化镁MgO中的至少一种补充组分;
-选自Fe、Ni、Cr、Zn、Co、Mn、Cu、Ti、Ta、W、Pt中的一种或多种附加元素,特别是以氧化形式,每种附加元素的重量比例为大于或等于0.1%、或甚至大于或等于0.2%、或甚至大于或等于0.3%、或甚至大于或等于0.4%、或甚至大于或等于0.5%、或甚至大于或等于1%、或甚至大于或等于1.5%。
在变体中,氧化钇Y2O3以重量比例小于或等于3.5%、或甚至小于或等于3.4%、或甚至小于或等于3.3%、或甚至小于或等于3.2%、或小于或等于3.1%而存在。
根据一种实施方式,该烧结技术陶瓷包含重量比例大于或等于80%、或甚至大于或等于90%的氧化锆ZrO2。
根据一种实施方式,该烧结技术陶瓷包含重量比例小于或等于94%、或甚至小于或等于93%的氧化锆ZrO2。
此外,根据有利的实施方式,该烧结技术陶瓷包含二氧化铪HfO2的重量比例包含在]0%;3%]的范围内、或甚至]0%;2%]、或甚至包含在1.6%~1.9%;更普遍地,二氧化铪HfO2可以用于任何非零重量比例,特别优选任何大于或等于1.3%、或甚至大于或等于1.5%、或甚至大于或等于1.6%和/或小于或等于1.9%、或甚至小于或等于2%、或甚至小于或等于3%的重量比例;和/或
-氧化铝Al2O3,其重量比例在0.1%~0.5%之间或在0.1%~0.45%之间;和/或
-氧化镁MgO,其重量比例包含在]0%;0.4%]、或甚至包含在0.05%~0.4之间、或在0.05%~0.3%之间,包括端值。
氧化铝的技术功能是降低氧化锆的老化动力学,并且可以随着时间的推移促进良好机械性能的保持。根据特定的实施方式,烧结技术陶瓷包含氧化铝Al2O3,其重量比例包含在0.1%~0.5%之间;和可能的二氧化铪HfO2和/或氧化镁MgO。
根据一种实施方式,在烧结技术陶瓷中元素Zr+Hf+Y+Al+Si+Mg+Fe+Ni+Cr+Zn+Co+Mn+Cu+Ti+Ta+W+Pt+O的重量比例大于或等于99.9%。换句话说,在技术陶瓷中选自Zr、Hf、Y、Al、Si、Mg、Fe、Ni、Cr、Zn、Co、Mn、Cu、Ti、Ta、W、Pt和O中提取的元素的总重量比例大于或等于99.9%。
换句话说,技术陶瓷由氧化锆ZrO2;氧化钇Y2O3;选自二氧化铪HfO2、氧化铝Al2O3和氧化镁MgO中的至少一种补充组分以及选自Fe、Ni、Cr、Zn、Co、Mn、Cu、Ti、Ta、W、Pt中的一种或多种附加元素组成。这种附加元素可以以该附加元素的氧化形式,例如,以多种元素的复合氧化物的形式、或者以多种可以额外地源自材料的构成成分的元素的形式、或者以尖晶石的形式存在于烧结陶瓷中。或者,这种附加元素也可以以碳化物、氮化物或硼化物的形式存在。陶瓷可以另外包含呈不可检测(因此可忽略不计)痕量形式的任何其他元素。
根据一种实施方式,根据本发明的烧结技术陶瓷包含氧化锆晶粒,其平均当量直径大于或等于200nm、或甚至大于或等于250nm,并且晶粒含有至少一种额外元素,当量直径大于或等于200nm、甚至大于或等于250nm。此外,氧化锆晶粒和/或含有至少一种附加元素的晶粒的平均当量直径可以是小于或等于2μm。另外,氧化锆晶粒的平均当量直径可以是小于或等于500nm、或甚至小于或等于400nm。因此,有利地,氧化锆晶粒的尺寸在200nm与500nm或400nm之间。在200nm的尺寸以下,陶瓷将具有更稳定的四方相,这对断裂韧性和破损应力不太有利,它们将不太理想且较低。在400nm或500nm的尺寸以上,陶瓷将具有更不稳定的四方相,这将不太有利,因为它的老化会更快。
因此,本发明可以形成具有密度大于或等于6.0g/cm3的烧结技术陶瓷制成的胚体。
当然,本发明还涉及包含这种烧结技术陶瓷的计时器部件。这种计时器部件可以是机芯的部件,例如计时器轴,特别是摆轮轴。
这种轴必须:
-具有高弹性极限,以便在重大冲击的情况下不会发生塑性变形;
-是坚韧的,以便在重大冲击的情况下不破裂;以及
-是坚硬的,主要是在枢轴处,以便在日常震动的情况下不会磨损或留下痕迹,并且特别是为了优化质量因素和优化配备了摆轮轴(该轴一直在运动)的计时器的等时性。
因此,根据本发明技术陶瓷的解决方案有利地可以满足上述要求。
图5中说明了轴的实例。优选地,这种轴1包括至少一个第一功能部分2a;2b(在所示实例中为两个部分),其包括枢轴柄22a、22b的至少一个部分221a、221b和/或枢轴21a的21b的至少一部分211a、211b。
所述至少一个第一功能部分的第一外径D1小于0.5mm、或甚至小于0.4mm、或甚至小于0.2mm、或甚至小于0.1mm。
优选地,所述至少一个第一功能部分具有旋转曲面,尤其是圆柱面或圆锥面或截锥面或具有曲线生成面的表面。
优选地,所述至少一个第一功能部分具有凸端212a、212b。
此外,所述轴1可以包括第二功能部分3,特别是:
-第二功能部分31、32、33、34,用于容纳计时器部件,特别是摆轮、主机板(plate)、游丝发条夹头(balance spring collet)、齿轮;或
-用于在所述轴上转动计时器部件的第二部分;或
-第二啮合部,特别是装齿(toothing)。
优选地,第二功能部分具有小于2mm、或甚至小于1mm、或甚至小于0.5mm的第二外径D2。
再优选地,第一直径的尺寸与第二直径的尺寸之比小于0.9、或者甚至小于0.8、或者甚至小于0.6、或者甚至小于0.5、或者甚至小于0.4。
替代地,这种计时器部件也可以是棘爪,特别是用于自动上链的棘爪、小齿轮、轮或宝石。
它还可以是手表外部组件,例如表框盘(bezel disk)、表框、上链表冠、表壳、表壳后盖、表带链节或表带扣,特别是表带扣盖或表带扣盖元件。
本发明还涉及一种计时器,特别是手表,其包括这种烧结技术陶瓷或由烧结技术陶瓷制成的至少一个胚体或如上所述的至少一个计时器部件。
有利地,计时器包括计时器部件,该计时器部件包括根据本发明的基于氧化锆的烧结技术陶瓷。该部件可以铰接(特别是枢轴安装)在计时器内。作为替代,该部件可以通过强力装配固定在计时器内,例如驱动或夹紧。
本发明的技术陶瓷获得的技术效果现在将在以下精确的实施例和机械性能和晶体结构的测量的上下文中说明。
下面将考虑以下机械性能:
-测量的硬度是维氏硬度(Vickers hardness),并根据情况在1kg或500g的负载下,使用Tukon TM 1202Wilson Hardness显微硬度计或KB250硬度计进行评估。该测量在样品上重复十次;
-破损应力通过在每个试样上的球-对-三球双轴弯曲测试(表示为B3B测试)来测定。此测试适用于脆性材料,在后续文章中描述:A.P.Supancic、R.Danzer,“用于脆性圆盘强度测试的球对三球测试:圆盘中的应力分布”,欧洲陶瓷学会期刊,22卷,第1425-1436页(2002年)(“The ball on three ball test for strength testing of brittlediscs:stress distribution in the disc”,Journal of the European CeramicSociety,vol.22,pp.1425-1436(2002))。测试的原理在于使用拉伸试验机对四个球之间的压片施加应力。然后,将破断力用于计算破损应力;
-断裂韧性通过所谓的直接压痕来评价。使用KB250 Prüftechnik硬度计,根据情况使用具有特定载荷的维氏压头、加载15秒产生压痕。每个压片进行九次测量。测量压痕对角线的尺寸和压痕角处的裂纹。任何生成的裂纹的主要形状是帕姆奎斯特形状(Palmqvistshape)。从适合这种裂纹形状的评价KIC的公式中,根据文献[C.Ponton和R.Rawlings,“维氏压痕断裂韧性测试第1部分文献综述和标准化压痕韧性方程式的制定”金属研究所,5卷,865-872页(1989年)(“Vickers indentation fracture toughness test Part 1Reviewof literature and formulation of standardised indentation toughnessequations”The Institute of Metals,vol.5,pp.865-872(1989))],使用K.Niihara提出的公式:
其中:
KIC:断裂韧性[MPa·m0.5]
E:杨氏模量[GPa]
HV:维氏硬度[GPa]
F:压痕时施加的力[N]
a:压痕的对角线长度的一半[m]
l:裂纹长度的一半(不包括压痕的长度)[m]。
应注意的是,这些机械性能是在环境温度下测量的。具体地,该陶瓷旨在用于计时器应用,因此这些特性与计时器部件相关,该计时器部件将预计在环境温度下发挥功能。
使用以下方法观察晶体结构:
-结晶相通过Bragg-Brentano几何中的X射线衍射测量来鉴定。该相通过Rietveld方法来定量。对于该测量,关于定量,给出的结果深度对应于X射线穿透深度,也就是说10μm~20μm,取决于X射线的入射角。结果以每个相的重量浓度给出。晶粒尺寸根据国际标准ISO643的截距法进行评估。
其他评价的特性如下:
-密度使用刻度尺测量,并通过阿基米德推力原理评价,测量空气中的每个部分,然后测量乙醇中的每个部分;
-颜色通过分光光度法测量。测量以反射方式进行,测量孔径为4mm。反射率测量在360nm~740nm进行,观察者在10°并且光源为D65。亮度L*和色度值a*和b*在国际照明委员会规定的空间(CIE L*a*b*)内进行评估,如“色度技术性报告”CIE 15:2004中所示。测量分别在SCI(包含镜面反射:Specular Component Included)模式和SCE(消除镜面反射:Specular Component Excluded)模式下进行;它们以SCI模式出现在本文中;
-化学成分通过ICP-OES光谱法(电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法)测量。它通过采用基于预先研磨(在氧化锆研磨机中)以获得粉末的矿化方法进行评价,然后在HCl-HNO3-HF型的多酸混合物中微波辅助溶解。目的是测量出(以重量百分比计)所有元素。由于研磨方法是污染源,因此引入的元素和它们的浓度评价为氧化铝单晶,以便能够减去它们的影响。同样,考虑了反应物污染的输入。
参考样品以下面详述的方式形成。使用由商业实体Innovnano-MaterialsAvancados SA在参考号“S18/25lot 1701PA677”下销售的结合钇2Y氧化锆的商业陶瓷粉末。它是一种粉末,其首字母缩写词为RTP(Ready-To-Press),意思是它已经被雾化并且包含压制粘合剂。陶瓷粉末本身是通过EDS法(乳液爆炸合成)获得的。该氧化锆陶瓷粉末含有3.3重量%的氧化钇。构成参考样品的氧化锆是用这种粉末制造的,没有添加(粘合剂除外,它在烧结陶瓷的制造过程中被去除)。
在某些变体中,可以具体地使用含有3.2重量%~3.4重量%(包含端点值)的氧化钇,或甚至在3.2重量%~3.3重量%(包含端点值)的氧化钇的掺钇2Y氧化锆粉末。该粉末以包含5.75重量%有机粘合剂的颗粒形式粘合。
然后,在直径为36mm的圆柱形模具中,在电动压力机上对这些颗粒进行单轴冷压,可以获得压片。对模具施加180kN的压紧力以获得良好的密度。将由此获得的每片在900℃的空气中脱脂一小时以获得棕色胚体。
每个棕体胚体片最终在空气中进行自然烧结,包括在1350℃下两个小时的稳定阶段。
烧结后,陶瓷片的其中一个面被矫正,然后抛光成镜面光洁度(相继地,使用平均直径为3μm的自由晶粒金刚石,然后用2μm)。
获得的基于氧化锆的陶瓷片是白色的。多个样品由此产生并且构成“对照”,其化学成分在图3的表格中可见,其特性在图4的表格中列出。
显然,构成参考样品的氧化锆是白色的、不透明的,含有3.3重量%的氧化钇Y2O3,具有11.6MPa·m0.5的断裂韧性和1675MPa的破损应力。它具有密度6.017g/cm3。其晶粒的平均尺寸为253nm。氧化铝掺杂量为0.57重量%。化学纯度是如下列出的主要元素的比例几乎代表其组成的总和(Zr+Y+Al+Hf+Si+Mg+O>99.9%和Fe+Ni+Cr=0)。此外,发现氧化钇均匀分布在氧化锆中。最后,它由99.30重量%的四方相和0.70重量%的单斜相组成。值得注意的是,某些分子以不可检测的痕量形式存在,在图3的表格中以“≤LOD”表示。
现在将描述根据本发明的一个示例性实施方式技术陶瓷的制造。为此,使用与前述参考陶瓷相同的陶瓷粉末。
粉末以包含5.75重量%有机粘合剂的颗粒形式粘合。单轴冷压以与上述对照陶瓷相同的方式实施。
将由此获得的每片在900℃的空气中脱脂1小时以获得棕色胚体。此棕色胚体浸渍了含有金属盐的溶液,该金属盐旨在引入至少一种附加元素,然后干燥(在80℃的烘箱中)四个小时。图2中的表格描述了浸渍溶液的成分。
在该实施例中,水溶液包含三种金属盐,这使得陶瓷可以用附加元素Fe、Ni、Cr浸渍。在变型例或结合实施例中,可以想到用元素Zn、Co、Mn、Cu、Ti、Ta、W、Pt的所有元素或一些元素来浸渍。
每个浸渍过的棕色胚体片最终在1350℃的空气中进行自然烧结,稳定保温阶段2小时。烧结后,陶瓷片的表面被矫正然后抛光。
获得的陶瓷片是完全地黑色。它们是不透明的。
显然,根据本发明的该实施例的制造方法是不同于通过浸渍步骤Ei制造陶瓷参考片所实施的制造方法的。
所获得的压片形成样品,在图3和图4的表中表示为“实施例1”。
根据实施例1的基于氧化锆的烧结技术陶瓷是黑色和不透明的。此外,其含有重量比例为3.0%的氧化钇Y2O3。氧化铝的重量比例为0.44%。下面列出的主要元素的总和大于或等于99.9%,即Zr+Y+Al+Hf+Si+Mg+Fe+Ni+Cr+O>99.9重量%。
此外,根据实施例1的基于氧化锆的烧结技术陶瓷具有11.4MPa·m0.5的断裂韧性和1850MPa的破损应力。它具有密度为6.004g/cm3。氧化钇均匀分布在氧化锆中。它由94.6重量%的四方相、3.3重量%的单斜相和2.1重量%的颜料组成。
根据实施例1的这种材料可以被认为是致密烧结的“陶瓷-陶瓷”技术复合物,“陶瓷-陶瓷”复合物表示陶瓷包含至少两种不同组成的陶瓷,具有陶瓷性质。它具有至少双重微观结构,包括:
-氧化锆晶粒,其平均当量直径为265nm;
-颜料晶粒,其平均当量直径为260nm。
此外,制造了补充样品的类型。具体而言,对基于3Y氧化锆粉末的第三种陶瓷进行了类似的表征,表示为TZ-3YS-BE,其形状与参考样品相似。该第三技术陶瓷与第一和第二陶瓷的区别在于更大量的氧化钇。
第三种陶瓷TZ-3YS-BE为白色氧化锆,含有重量比例为5.3%的氧化钇Y2O3。
在图4的表中可以明显看出,根据本发明实施例1的陶瓷的机械性能相对于参考陶瓷有显著的提高。具体而言,其破损应力大大增加,为1850MPa,并且断裂韧性保持高水平并且几乎不变,为11.4MPa·m0.5。陶瓷TZ-3YS-BE的另一个实施例与对照陶瓷的主要区别在于显著更大比例的氧化钇。显然,它的机械性能显著低于对照陶瓷的机械性能。
因此,根据本发明实施例1形成特别有利的烧结技术陶瓷。更普遍地,这种陶瓷可以被定义为它包含以下成分:
-92~93重量%的氧化锆ZrO2;
-2.9~3.1重量%(包括端值)的氧化钇Y2O3;和
-1.65~1.75重量%(包括端值)的二氧化铪HfO2;和
-0.4~0.5重量%(包括端值)的氧化铝Al2O3;和
-0.25~0.35重量%(包括端值)的氧化镁MgO;和
-附加元素Fe,以氧化铁Fe2O3的形式,其重量比例包含在0.75%和0.85%之间;和
-附加元素Ni,以氧化镍NiO的形式,其重量比例包含在0.75%和0.85%之间;和
-附加元素Cr,以氧化铬的形式,其重量比例包含在0.5%和0.65%之间;
-其他成分的不可检测痕量(参见图3中的表格)。
现在将描述根据本发明的第二示例性实施方式的技术陶瓷的制造,表示为“实施例2”。
除涉及浸渍溶液外,所有方面都按照实施例1进行:对于实施例2,所述溶液相对于实施例1中使用的溶液稀释两倍。烧结陶瓷的所得成分在图3的表中表明。根据该实施例的陶瓷还具有本发明的显著机械性能、高断裂韧性和破损应力。需要注意的是,实施例2的颜色同样令人满意,但与实施例1的颜色不同:
ΔL*=-0.2;Δa*=-1.0;Δb*=-0.8;ΔC*ab=-1.3;Δh*ab=+2.8;ΔE*ab=1.30。
Claims (17)
1.一种基于氧化锆ZrO2的烧结技术陶瓷,其中,所述烧结技术陶瓷包含:
-重量比例小于或等于3.6%且大于或等于2.5%的氧化钇Y2O3;
-选自二氧化铪HfO2、重量比例为0.1~0.5%的氧化铝Al2O3和氧化镁MgO中的至少一种补充组分;
-选自Fe、Ni、Cr、Zn、Co、Mn、Cu、Ti、Ta、W、Pt中的至少一种附加元素,所述至少一种附加元素的重量比例大于或等于0.1%、或甚至大于或等于0.3%、或甚至大于或等于0.5%、或甚至大于或等于1%、或甚至大于或等于1.5%。
2.根据前述权利要求所述的烧结技术陶瓷,其中,所述烧结技术陶瓷包含重量比例小于或等于3.5%、或甚至小于或等于3.4%,或甚至小于或等于3.3%、或甚至小于或等于3.2%、或甚至小于或等于3.1%的氧化钇Y2O3。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的烧结技术陶瓷,其中,所述烧结技术陶瓷包含重量比例大于或等于80%、或甚至大于或等于90%,和/或小于或等于94%、或甚至小于或等于93%的氧化锆ZrO2。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的烧结技术陶瓷,其中,所述烧结技术陶瓷包含:
-以下重量比例的二氧化铪HfO2,该重量比例包含在下限严格大于0%、或等于1.3%、或等于1.5%、或等于1.6%,并且上限等于1.9%、或等于2%、或等于3%的任何范围内;和/或
-0.1~0.5重量%或0.1~0.45重量%的氧化铝Al2O3;和/或
-氧化镁MgO,该重量比例包含在0重量%和0.4重量%之间且包括端点值,或甚至包含在0.05重量%和0.4重量%之间或在0.05重量%和0.3重量%之间。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的基于氧化锆ZrO2的烧结技术陶瓷,其中,所述至少一种附加元素选自Fe、Ni、Cr中、或甚至选自Fe、Cr、Ni、Co、Cu、Mn中、或甚至选自Fe、Cr、Ni、Co、Cu、Mn、Zn、Ti、Ta、W中;和/或其中,所述至少一种附加元素以该附加元素的氧化形式,特别是以复合氧化物或尖晶石的形式存在于所述烧结技术陶瓷中,和/或以碳化物、氮化物和/或硼化物的形式存在于所述烧结技术陶瓷中。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的烧结技术陶瓷,其中,所述烧结技术陶瓷包含:
-氧化锆ZrO2,其重量比例为92~93重量%;
-氧化钇Y2O3,其重量比例为2.9~3.1重量%且包括端点值;和
-二氧化铪HfO2,其重量比例为1.65~1.75重量%且包括端点值;和
-氧化铝Al2O3,其重量比例为0.4~0.5重量%且包括端值;和
-氧化镁MgO,其重量比例为0.25~0.35重量%且包括端点值;和
-附加元素Fe,以氧化铁Fe2O3的形式,其重量比例为0.75~0.85重量%;和
-附加元素Ni,以氧化镍NiO的形式,其重量比例为0.75~0.85重量%;和
-附加元素Cr,以氧化铬的形式,其重量比例为0.5~0.65重量%。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的烧结技术陶瓷,其中,选自Zr、Hf、Y、Al、Si、Mg、Fe、Ni、Cr、Zn、Co、Mn、Cu、Ti、Ta、W、Pt和O中的元素在所述技术陶瓷中的总重量比例大于或等于99.9%。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的烧结技术陶瓷,其中,所述烧结技术陶瓷包含氧化锆晶粒,所述氧化锆晶粒的平均当量直径大于或等于200nm、或甚至大于或等于250nm和/或小于或等于500nm、或甚至小于或等于400nm。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的烧结技术陶瓷,其中,所述烧结技术陶瓷包含氧化锆晶粒和/或所述至少一种附加元素的氧化物晶粒、碳化物晶粒、氮化物晶粒和/或尖晶石晶粒,所述晶粒的平均当量直径小于或等于2μm。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的烧结技术陶瓷,其中,所述烧结技术陶瓷包含所述至少一种附加元素的氧化物晶粒、碳化物晶粒、氮化物晶粒和/或尖晶石晶粒,所述晶粒的平均当量直径大于或等于200nm、或甚至大于或等于250nm和/或小于或等于2μm。
11.一种基于根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的烧结技术陶瓷的胚体,其中,所述胚体具有大于或等于10MPa·m0.5、或甚至大于或等于11MPa·m0.5的断裂韧性,并且具有大于或等于1400MPa、或甚至大于或等于1650MPa、或甚至大于或等于1800MPa的破损应力。
12.根据前述权利要求所述的基于烧结技术陶瓷的胚体,其中,所述胚体具有大于或等于6.0g/cm3的密度。
13.一种计时器部件,其中,所述计时器部件包含根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的烧结技术陶瓷或根据权利要求11或12中任一项所述的基于烧结技术陶瓷的胚体。
14.根据前述权利要求所述的计时器部件,其中,所述计时器部件是机芯的部件,例如,计时器轴,特别是摆轮轴;棘爪,特别是用于自动上链的棘爪;小齿轮;轮;宝石,或者其中,所述计时器部件是手表外部部件,例如,表框盘、表框、上链表冠、表壳、表壳后盖、表带链节或表带扣,特别是表带扣盖或表带扣盖元件。
15.一种计时器,特别是手表,其中,所述计时器包含根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的烧结技术陶瓷、或根据权利要求11或12中任一项所述的基于烧结技术陶瓷的至少一种胚体、或根据权利要求13或14中任一项所述的至少一种计时器部件。
16.一种用于制造基于氧化锆ZrO2的烧结技术陶瓷的方法,其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-提供氧化锆粉末,所述粉末包含重量比例小于或等于3.7重量%且大于或等于2.6重量%的氧化钇Y2O3和选自二氧化铪HfO2、重量比例为0.1~0.5重量%的氧化铝Al2O3和氧化镁MgO中的至少一种补充组分,和有机粘合剂;然后
-将所述氧化锆粉末成型,然后使其至少部分脱脂以获得棕色胚体或生胚;
-浸渍棕色胚体或生胚以向其中添加选自Fe、Ni、Cr、Zn、Co、Mn、Cu、Ti、Ta、W和Pt中的至少一种附加元素,所述至少一种附加元素的重量比例大于或等于0.1%、或甚至大于或等于0.3%、或甚至大于或等于0.5%、或甚至大于或等于1%、或甚至大于或等于1.5%;然后
-在空气中或在受控气氛下烧结浸渍过的棕色胚体或依然生胚。
17.根据前述权利要求所述的用于制造技术陶瓷的方法,其中,所述方法包括通过乳液爆轰合成EDS来制造包含氧化钇Y2O3的氧化锆粉末的预先步骤。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20207183.3 | 2020-11-12 | ||
EP20207183 | 2020-11-12 | ||
PCT/EP2021/081598 WO2022101450A1 (fr) | 2020-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Fabrication d'un composant en céramique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN116437832A true CN116437832A (zh) | 2023-07-14 |
Family
ID=73401383
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202180076381.XA Pending CN116437832A (zh) | 2020-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | 陶瓷部件的制造 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240010570A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP4244197A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2023548934A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN116437832A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2022101450A1 (zh) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5525560A (en) * | 1992-09-21 | 1996-06-11 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Zirconia based composite material and method of manufacturing the same product |
CN101857433A (zh) * | 2010-05-13 | 2010-10-13 | 清华大学 | 一种制备彩色氧化锆陶瓷部件的方法 |
CN105007883A (zh) * | 2013-03-12 | 2015-10-28 | 3M创新有限公司 | 赋予牙科陶瓷荧光的着色溶液 |
CN108640678A (zh) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-10-12 | 东莞信柏结构陶瓷股份有限公司 | 黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料及黑色氧化锆陶瓷的制备方法与制品 |
CN108751985A (zh) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-06 | 潮州三环(集团)股份有限公司 | 灰色氧化锆陶瓷原料组合物、灰色氧化锆陶瓷及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5122317A (en) * | 1990-01-12 | 1992-06-16 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Method of superplastically deforming zirconia materials |
WO2010014849A2 (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2010-02-04 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Partially stabilized zirconia materials |
PT105340A (pt) | 2010-10-18 | 2012-04-18 | Innovnano Materiais Avancados S A | Processo contínuo de síntese de nanomateriais a partir da emulsificação e detonação em simultâneo de uma emulsão |
US9458064B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2016-10-04 | Rolex S.A. | Coloured technical ceramic bodies and method for obtaining the same |
PT107543A (pt) | 2014-03-27 | 2015-09-28 | Innovnano Materiais Avançados Sa | Material cerâmico sinterizado, composicão em pó para a sua obtenção, processo de fabrico e respectivas peças cerâmicas |
-
2021
- 2021-11-12 CN CN202180076381.XA patent/CN116437832A/zh active Pending
- 2021-11-12 JP JP2023528244A patent/JP2023548934A/ja active Pending
- 2021-11-12 US US18/252,329 patent/US20240010570A1/en active Pending
- 2021-11-12 WO PCT/EP2021/081598 patent/WO2022101450A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2021-11-12 EP EP21806290.9A patent/EP4244197A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5525560A (en) * | 1992-09-21 | 1996-06-11 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Zirconia based composite material and method of manufacturing the same product |
CN101857433A (zh) * | 2010-05-13 | 2010-10-13 | 清华大学 | 一种制备彩色氧化锆陶瓷部件的方法 |
CN105007883A (zh) * | 2013-03-12 | 2015-10-28 | 3M创新有限公司 | 赋予牙科陶瓷荧光的着色溶液 |
CN108751985A (zh) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-06 | 潮州三环(集团)股份有限公司 | 灰色氧化锆陶瓷原料组合物、灰色氧化锆陶瓷及其制备方法 |
CN108640678A (zh) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-10-12 | 东莞信柏结构陶瓷股份有限公司 | 黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料及黑色氧化锆陶瓷的制备方法与制品 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4244197A1 (fr) | 2023-09-20 |
US20240010570A1 (en) | 2024-01-11 |
WO2022101450A1 (fr) | 2022-05-19 |
JP2023548934A (ja) | 2023-11-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9919971B2 (en) | Zirconia sintered body and use thereof | |
JP7120340B2 (ja) | ジルコニア焼結体及びその用途 | |
JPWO2007108416A1 (ja) | 着色ジルコニア質焼結体及びその製造方法並びに装飾部材 | |
JP2016026990A (ja) | カラーセラミックス | |
KR101228906B1 (ko) | 세라믹 소결체와 그 제조방법 및 세라믹 소결체를 사용한장식용 부재 | |
JP6492631B2 (ja) | ジルコニア焼結体及びその用途 | |
CN116437832A (zh) | 陶瓷部件的制造 | |
WO2019004090A1 (ja) | カラーセラミックス | |
CN113165983A (zh) | 装饰性陶瓷制品 | |
JP6672766B2 (ja) | ジルコニア焼結体及びその用途 | |
JP6672765B2 (ja) | ジルコニア焼結体及びその用途 | |
US20230295053A1 (en) | Item made of ceramic | |
JPH0543316A (ja) | 着色ジルコニアセラミツクス | |
JP6492632B2 (ja) | ジルコニア焼結体及びその用途 | |
JP7342395B2 (ja) | ジルコニア焼結体及びその製造方法 | |
JP4969357B2 (ja) | 装飾部品用セラミックスおよびこれを用いた釣糸案内用装飾部品ならびに時計用装飾部品 | |
US20240067873A1 (en) | Brightly coloured ceramic article and its method of manufacture | |
CN109072976B (zh) | 不透明的红色多晶陶瓷 | |
CN118459220A (zh) | 有色制品及其制造方法 | |
CH719981A2 (fr) | Article en céramique de couleur vive et son procédé de fabrication. | |
KR101383586B1 (ko) | 골드 칼라 세라믹 소결체 제조방법 | |
JP7036840B2 (ja) | 装飾部品 | |
JP2023540202A (ja) | サーメット装飾アイテム | |
JPH09208295A (ja) | 耐摩耗性アルミナ装飾部材およびその製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |