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CN116411959A - Oil-gas well fracturing test device and method for simulating real stratum environment - Google Patents

Oil-gas well fracturing test device and method for simulating real stratum environment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116411959A
CN116411959A CN202111680503.4A CN202111680503A CN116411959A CN 116411959 A CN116411959 A CN 116411959A CN 202111680503 A CN202111680503 A CN 202111680503A CN 116411959 A CN116411959 A CN 116411959A
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pressure
core
pump
injection
core sample
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王向阳
袁光杰
乔磊
夏焱
杨恒林
班凡生
杨松
王开龙
何爱国
王元
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Petrochina Co Ltd
CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Co Ltd
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Petrochina Co Ltd
CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Co Ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10Geothermal energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil and gas well fracturing test device and method under a simulated real stratum environment, belonging to the technical field of oil and gas well fracturing tests, comprising the following steps: the device comprises a high-pressure core container, a high-pressure injection system, a core X-axis loading system, a core Y-axis loading system, a core Z-axis loading system, an acoustic emission system and a data acquisition control display system. The invention also discloses a fracturing test method for the oil and gas well in the simulated real stratum environment. In the technical proposal of the invention, the device comprises a plurality of control units, the core sample size reaches 500X 500mm of the diameter of the tube, the test result is more accurate. Different horizontal ground stresses can be applied to the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the core sample simultaneously, the shearing stress condition is simulated, and the actual rock stress condition can be simulated more truly. The acoustic emission probe is in direct contact with the rock, so that the measurement result is more accurate. The applied pressure is high. The axial pressure and the horizontal pressure can reach 120MPa, can simulate the underground high-pressure environment of a deep well and an ultra-deep well, and is suitable for popularization and application.

Description

Oil-gas well fracturing test device and method for simulating real stratum environment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well fracturing tests, in particular to an oil and gas well fracturing test device and method under a simulated real stratum environment.
Background
Fracturing is the most commonly used and effective technology for increasing the production of storage at home and abroad, and is a durable and developed scientific technology. Along with the transformation of reservoir transformation concepts, the horizontal well technology is continuously improved, the anhydrous fracturing technology is continuously perfected, hydraulic fracturing is carried out by single-layer small-scale vertical well fracturing attached to oil gas development in the past, and the requirements on fracturing simulation tests are increased from the current stage volume fracturing and anhydrous C02 fracturing of the horizontal well in the future.
The fracturing seepage test device and method have been successful in recent years, and the Chinese patent documents related to the true triaxial fracturing seepage method and device mainly include: CN103993867a "an experimental device and experimental method for simulating shale gas fracturing process"; CN102621000B "a true triaxial pressure device capable of implementing a hydraulic fracturing test"; CN104655495a "a coal rock high-temperature high-pressure true triaxial fracturing seepage test device and test method"; CN103883301a "a physical simulation method for hydraulic fracturing of coal-bed gas well". Most of the triaxial fracturing seepage simulation test devices or methods can only meet the unidirectional single-sided fracturing seepage simulation test under the conventional conditions, and cannot realize continuous testing of fracturing seepage. The existing fracturing seepage simulation test device cannot be continuously carried out, so that cracks generated by fracturing are closed, errors are increased, the fracturing effect cannot be truly reflected, and the test scheme is single and cannot meet the test requirements.
CN110426286 a describes a test device comprising a fracturing seepage continuous test system, a true triaxial loading system, a confining pressure injection system, an acoustic emission monitoring system, a servo control system and a data acquisition and control system. The method can simulate the actual stress, temperature and seepage conditions of the rock in the stratum, carry out continuous test of fracturing seepage on the test piece, and monitor the cracking, expanding and opening and closing characteristics of cracks generated by fracturing in the whole process through the acoustic emission monitoring system. The device and the method described in CN110426286 a have a certain significance for observing and analyzing and grasping the formation and expansion mechanism of the crack and obtaining the hydraulic fracturing development test data, but the following problems still exist:
(1) Because the fracturing seepage test is carried out, in order to ensure that the test effect is good, more meaningful test data are obtained, the core size is required to be large, whereas the maximum core size in this patent is 300 x 300mm, there are certain limitations.
(2) Different horizontal ground stresses cannot be applied to axially different positions of the core. That is, different horizontal ground stresses cannot be applied to the lower part of the upper part of the core sample, and shear stresses cannot be applied, so that the comparative test is not facilitated.
(3) The acoustic emission device is arranged on the side pressing plate, a layer of rubber cylinder is arranged between the side pressing plate and the core sample, and the accuracy of acoustic wave measurement is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides an oil-gas well fracturing test device and method for simulating a real stratum environment, so as to solve the problem that the current fracturing test cannot obtain test data with a large effect on optimizing production parameters and improving production efficiency in actual field production.
Embodiments of the present invention are implemented as follows:
on one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides an oil and gas well fracturing test device in a simulated real stratum environment, which comprises a high-pressure core container, a high-pressure injection system, a core X-axis loading system, a core Y-axis loading system, a core Z-axis loading system, an acoustic emission system and a data acquisition control display system.
The high-pressure injection system consists of an injection pump, a valve and a pressure gauge. Its main function is to pump high-pressure liquid into the injection well bore to fracture the stratum. The injection pump is connected to the injection well bore by an injection line.
The injection pump is a metering pump capable of providing constant pressure or constant flow fluid, and the valve is a stop valve, so that the cutting-off and unblocking functions of the pipeline are realized. The pressure gauge realizes the setting of the loaded pressure.
It should be noted that: the injection pump may be provided in 1 or more.
The rock core Z-axis loading system consists of a constant-speed constant-pressure pump, a valve and a pressure gauge. Its main function is to apply axial pressure to the core sample. The axial pressurizing pump pumps high-pressure liquid through the top piston channel, drives the bottom piston to move upwards, and applies axial pressure to the core sample.
The axial pressurization pump may provide a metering pump for a constant pressure or constant flow of fluid. The valve is a stop valve, so that the functions of cutting off and unblocking the pipeline are realized. The pressure gauge realizes the setting of the loaded pressure.
It should be noted that: the axial pressurizing pump may be provided in 1 or more.
The rock core X-axis loading system consists of a constant-speed constant-pressure pump, a valve, a pressure gauge, a side piston, a side pressing plate and a displacement sensor. The two opposite sides of the X axis direction of the core are respectively provided with an upper side pressing plate, a middle side pressing plate and a lower side pressing plate, which correspond to the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the X axis of the core sample respectively. Each side pressure plate is connected with 3 side pistons.
The two opposite side pressure plates at the upper part of the X axis of the core sample are controlled by 1 set of constant-speed constant-pressure pump. The constant-speed constant-pressure pump pumps high-pressure liquid through the piston injection hole, drives the lateral piston to move transversely, and the lateral piston drives the lateral pressing plate to move transversely, so that pressure is exerted on the core sample.
Two opposite side pressure plates in the middle of the X axis of the core sample are controlled by 1 set of constant-speed constant-pressure pump. The constant-speed constant-pressure pump pumps high-pressure liquid through the piston injection hole, drives the lateral piston to move transversely, and the lateral piston drives the lateral pressing plate to move transversely, so that pressure is exerted on the core sample.
Two side pressure plates opposite to the lower part of the X axis of the core sample are controlled by 1 set of constant-speed constant-pressure pump. The constant-speed constant-pressure pump pumps high-pressure liquid through the piston injection hole, drives the lateral piston to move transversely, and the lateral piston drives the lateral pressing plate to move transversely, so that pressure is exerted on the core sample.
The forces applied to the upper, middle and lower portions of the core sample in the X-axis direction may be different or the same.
The displacement sensor may measure the displacement of the side piston.
The constant speed constant pressure pump is a metering pump that can provide a constant pressure or constant flow of fluid. The valve is a stop valve, so that the functions of cutting off and unblocking the pipeline are realized. The pressure gauge realizes the setting of the loaded pressure.
It should be noted that:
1) The opposite side pressing plates at the upper part, the middle part or the lower part of the X-axis direction of the rock core can be controlled by 1 set of constant-speed constant-pressure pumps, and also can be controlled by a plurality of sets of constant-speed constant-pressure pumps.
2) The forces applied to the upper, middle and lower portions of the core sample in the X-axis direction may be different or the same.
The rock core Y-axis loading system consists of a constant-speed constant-pressure pump, a valve, a pressure gauge, a side piston, a side pressing plate and a displacement sensor. The two opposite sides of the X axis direction of the core are respectively provided with an upper side pressing plate, a middle side pressing plate and a lower side pressing plate, which correspond to the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the Y axis of the core sample respectively. Each side pressure plate is connected with 3 side pistons.
The two opposite side pressure plates at the upper part of the Y-axis of the core sample are controlled by 1 set of constant-speed constant-pressure pump. The constant-speed constant-pressure pump pumps high-pressure liquid through the piston injection hole, drives the lateral piston to move transversely, and the lateral piston drives the lateral pressing plate to move transversely, so that pressure is exerted on the core sample.
Two opposite side pressure plates in the middle of the Y axis of the core sample are controlled by 1 set of constant-speed constant-pressure pump. The constant-speed constant-pressure pump pumps high-pressure liquid through the piston injection hole, drives the lateral piston to move transversely, and the lateral piston drives the lateral pressing plate to move transversely, so that pressure is exerted on the core sample.
Two opposite side pressure plates at the lower part of the Y-axis of the core sample are controlled by 1 set of constant-speed constant-pressure pump. The constant-speed constant-pressure pump pumps high-pressure liquid through the piston injection hole, drives the lateral piston to move transversely, and the lateral piston drives the lateral pressing plate to move transversely, so that pressure is exerted on the core sample.
The forces applied to the upper, middle and lower portions of the core sample in the Y-axis direction may be different or the same.
The displacement sensor may measure the displacement of the side piston.
The constant speed constant pressure pump is a metering pump that can provide a constant pressure or constant flow of fluid. The valve is a stop valve, so that the functions of cutting off and unblocking the pipeline are realized. The pressure gauge realizes the setting of the loaded pressure.
It should be noted that:
1) The opposite side pressing plates at the upper part, the middle part or the lower part of the Y-axis direction of the rock core can be controlled by 1 set of constant-speed constant-pressure pumps, and also can be controlled by a plurality of sets of constant-speed constant-pressure pumps.
2) The forces applied to the upper, middle and lower portions of the core sample in the Y-axis direction may be different or the same.
3) The side pressing plates of the upper part, the middle part or the lower part of the core on the X axis or the Y axis are the same in size, and the axial installation heights are the same, so that the core is ensured to be stressed regularly.
The acoustic emission system is composed of an acoustic probe, an acoustic transmission wire and a microseism monitoring and imaging device.
The acoustic wave probe is arranged in the groove at the inner side of the side pressing plate, and when the core sample is subjected to force in the X direction or the Y direction, the acoustic wave probe can be stressed to generate signals for transmission.
The sound wave transmission wire penetrates through the top cover of the high-pressure rock core container and is connected with an external microseism monitoring and imaging device.
The high-pressure core container mainly comprises a container main body, an upper cover, a core sample, a lower push plate, a bottom piston, a top piston channel and an injection shaft.
The upper surface of the core sample and the lower surface of the upper cover of the high-pressure container are both plane and can be closely attached to each other. The lower surface of the core sample and the upper surface of the lower pushing plate are both plane and can be tightly attached to each other.
The length and width of the core sample are smaller than those of the inner cavity of the high-temperature high-pressure container, annular spaces exist around the core and in the inner cavity of the container,
the core sample is square in shape.
And an injection shaft is arranged on the core sample, and the shaft is a blind hole.
The injection well bore is connected to a high pressure injection pump via an injection line. The injection line extends through the top cover of the high pressure vessel.
The lower push plate is arranged on the upper part of the bottom piston, and when axial pressure is applied, the high-pressure liquid pushes the bottom piston to move upwards, and the bottom piston pushes the lower pressure plate to move upwards, so that axial pressure is applied to the core.
It should be noted that:
1) The size of the core sample can be set to be 100 according to the test requirement square with a length of between 100X 100mm and 500X 500 mm.
2) The core sample can be cut according to test requirements and is glued together again by using the bar planting glue to simulate natural cracks with different angles.
3) The upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the core sample X, Y in the axial direction can be loaded with axial stress and shearing stress which can be up to 120MPa.
4) One or more groups of injection wellbores are arranged, and the wellbores are simulated by using steel pipes with the inner diameter of 21mm and the wall thickness of 1 mm.
The data acquisition control display system can acquire parameters of the pump, the pressure gauge and the sensor, process the data and realize graphic and report display.
The pump, the manometer, the sensor and the data acquisition control display system are connected through the electricity.
The fracturing test method for the oil and gas well in the simulated real stratum environment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: before the test, machining a test piece with a required size according to the test requirement, machining and drilling a blind hole with the required size, inserting a steel pipe into a simulated shaft, and sealing the hole;
step two: loading the processed core sample into the inner cavity of the high-pressure container;
step three: the system comprises injection pipelines, connecting pipelines of various pumps and high-pressure containers, acoustic wave transmission wires, circuits of microseism monitoring and imaging devices, various parameter measuring devices and acquisition circuits of a data acquisition control display system;
step four: starting a rock core X-axis loading system, and pressurizing the rock core sample X-axis to the pressure required by the test, wherein the highest pressure can be 120MPa, and the loading rate is 0.01-1 kN/s;
step five: starting a core Y-axis loading system, increasing the X-axis of a core sample to the pressure required by the test, wherein the highest pressure can reach 120MPa, and the loading rate is 0.01-1 kN/s;
step six: starting a core axial loading system, increasing the Z axis of a core sample to the pressure required by the test, wherein the highest pressure can be 120MPa, and the loading rate is 0.01-1 kN/s;
step seven: starting a high-pressure injection system to perform constant-current or constant-pressure injection, wherein the highest injection pressure is 120MPa, and the flow range can be continuously operated at 0.00001-120 ml/min: 0.01-120ml/min.
Step eight: starting an acoustic emission monitoring system to monitor micro-earthquake and crack expansion;
step nine: the data (pressure and displacement) are detected and recorded by using a data acquisition control display system.
Step ten: and (3) finishing the fracturing process test, unloading the triaxial stress of the core sample, and processing test data.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an oil-gas well fracturing test device and method under a simulated real stratum environment, which can be used for testing a large-size rock core, the size of a rock core sample can reach 500 multiplied by 500mm, and the test result of the large-size rock core is more accurate. Different horizontal ground stresses can be applied to the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the core sample simultaneously, the shearing stress condition is simulated, and the actual rock stress condition can be simulated more truly. The acoustic emission probe is in direct contact with the rock, so that the measurement result is more accurate. The applied pressure is high. The axial pressure and the horizontal pressure can reach 120MPa, and the underground high-pressure environment of the deep well and the ultra-deep well can be simulated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fracturing test apparatus for an oil and gas well in a simulated real formation environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the high pressure core vessel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a side pressure plate structure;
in the figure, a 1-high-pressure injection system, a 2-core X-axis loading system, a 3-core Y-axis loading system, a 4-core Z-axis loading system, a 5-acoustic emission system, a 6-high-pressure core container and a 7-data acquisition control display system are shown;
10-a first pump, 11-a first valve, 12-a first pressure gauge;
20-second pump, 201-second valve, 202-second pressure gauge, 21-third pump, 211-third valve, 212-third pressure gauge, 22-fourth pump, 221-fourth valve, 222-fourth pressure gauge;
30-fifth pump, 301-fifth valve, 302-fifth pressure gauge, 31-sixth pump, 311-sixth valve, 312-sixth pressure gauge, 32-seventh pump, 321-seventh valve, 322-seventh pressure gauge;
40-eighth pump, 41-eighth valve, 42-eighth pressure gauge;
50-acoustic probes, 51-acoustic transmission wires, 52-microseism monitoring and imaging devices;
60-injection pipeline, 61-injection well shaft, 62-upper cover, 63-container main body, 640-upper core part, 641-middle core part, 642-lower core part, 6500-first side pressing plate, 6501-second side pressing plate, 6510-first side piston, 6511-second side piston, 6520-first side piston injection hole, 6521-second side piston injection hole, 6530-first displacement sensor, 6531-second displacement sensor, 66-lower pushing plate, 670 bottom piston, 671-top piston channel, 68-bottom support, 69-bolt and nut.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-3, a first embodiment of the present invention provides an oil and gas well fracturing test device in a simulated real stratum environment, which comprises a high-pressure core container 6, a high-pressure injection system 1, a core X-axis loading system 2, a core Y-axis loading system 3, a core Z-axis loading system 4, an acoustic emission system 5, and a data acquisition control display system 7.
The second, third, and fourth pumps 20, 21, and 22 apply pressures in the X-axis direction to the upper, middle, and lower portions of the core sample, respectively, and the fifth, sixth, and seventh pumps 30, 31, and 32 apply pressures in the Y-axis direction to the upper, middle, and lower portions of the core sample, respectively. The eighth pump 40 applies axial pressure to the core sample. The first pump 10 injects a high pressure fluid into the injection wellbore forcing the formation into fracture. The acoustic wave probe 50 detects the formation cracking signal and position, and transmits the signals to the microseism monitoring and imaging device 52 through the signal transmission wire 51 for crack position and magnitude evolution rule analysis. The data acquisition control display system 7 synchronously controls all pumps, and detects and records pressure and displacement.
The specific structure of the test device is as follows:
the high pressure injection system consists of a first pump 10, a first valve 11, and a first pressure gauge 12. Its main function is to pump high pressure fluid into the injection well bore 61, fracturing the formation. The first pump is connected to the injection well bore by an injection line 60.
Wherein the first pump is a metering pump that can provide a constant pressure or constant flow of fluid, wherein the pressure ranges: 0-120 MPa; flow range: 0.01-100 ml/min. The first valve is a stop valve, so that the functions of cutting off and unblocking the pipeline are realized. The first pressure gauge realizes the setting of the loaded pressure, and the pressure measurement precision is as follows: 0.1% FS.
The core X-axis loading system comprises a constant-speed constant-pressure second pump 20, a third pump 21, a fourth pump 22, a second valve 201, a third valve 211, a fourth valve 221, a second pressure gauge 202, a third pressure gauge 212, a fourth pressure gauge 222, side pistons (each side pressure plate is provided with 3 side pistons, 18 sides opposite to the X-axis are provided with the total of 18), side pressure plates (6) and displacement sensors. The loading of the upper part of the core in the X-axis direction is taken as an example. The second pump 20 injects high-pressure liquid through the first side piston injection hole 6520 and the second side piston injection hole 6521 to push the first side pressing plate 6500 and the second side pressing plate 6511 to move in opposite directions, the first side pressing plate 6500 and the second side pressing plate 6501 press the upper portion of the rock to be subjected to the pressure in the X-axis direction, and the second displacement sensor 6531 can record the displacement of the first side pressing plate 6500.
Wherein the constant speed and constant pressure second pump 20, third pump 21 and fourth pump 22 are metering pumps which can provide constant pressure or constant flow of fluid, wherein the pressure ranges: 0-120 MPa; flow range: 0.01-100 ml/min. The second valve 201, the third valve 211 and the fourth valve 221 are stop valves, so that the functions of cutting off and unblocking the pipeline are realized. The first pressure gauge 202, the first pressure gauge 212 and the first pressure gauge 222 realize the setting of the loaded pressure, and the pressure measurement precision is as follows: 0.1% FS.
Similarly, the middle part and the lower part of the rock core can realize pressure loading in the X-axis direction.
The core Y-axis loading system comprises a constant-speed constant-pressure fifth pump 30, a sixth pump 31, a seventh pump 32, a fifth valve 301, a sixth valve 311, a seventh valve 321, a fifth pressure gauge 302, a sixth pressure gauge 312, a seventh pressure gauge 322, a side piston, a side pressing plate and a displacement sensor.
The loading mechanism is similar to the X-axis direction, and will not be described again.
Wherein the constant speed and constant pressure fifth pump 30, sixth pump 31 and seventh pump 32 are metering pumps which can provide constant pressure or constant flow of fluid, wherein the pressure ranges: 0-120 MPa; flow range: 0.01-100 ml/min. The fifth valve 301, the sixth valve 311 and the seventh valve 321 are stop valves, so as to realize the functions of cutting off and unblocking the pipeline. The fifth pressure gauge 302, the sixth pressure gauge 312 and the seventh pressure gauge 322 realize the setting of the loaded pressure, and the pressure measurement precision is as follows: 0.1% FS.
It should be noted that: the loading position and force in the Y-axis direction are consistent with those in the X-axis direction.
The core Z-axis loading system consists of an eighth pump 40 with constant speed and constant pressure, an eighth valve 41 and an eighth pressure gauge 42. Its main function is to apply axial pressure to the core sample. The eighth pump pumps high pressure fluid through the top piston channel 671, driving the bottom piston 670 upward, applying axial pressure to the core sample.
The top piston channel is positioned at the lower part of the bottom piston and is perpendicular to the lower surface of the bottom piston.
Wherein the eighth pump is a metering pump that can provide a constant pressure or constant flow of fluid, wherein the pressure ranges: 0-120 MPa; flow range: 0.01-100 ml/min. The valve 8 is a stop valve, and realizes the functions of cutting off and unblocking the pipeline. The pressure gauge 8 realizes the setting of the loaded pressure, and the pressure measurement precision is as follows: 0.1% FS.
The high-pressure core container mainly comprises a container main body 63, an upper cover 62, a core sample 64, side pressure plates (12 blocks in the X, Y direction), a lower sealing end plate 608 of a side pressure plate groove 660, a bottom piston 670, a top piston channel 671, an injection shaft 61, a bottom support 68 and bolts and nuts 69.
The upper surface of the core sample and the lower surface of the upper cover of the high-pressure container are both plane and can be closely attached to each other. The lower surface of the core sample and the upper surface of the lower pushing plate are both plane and can be tightly attached to each other.
The length and width of the core sample are smaller than those of the inner cavity of the high-temperature high-pressure container, annular spaces exist around the core and in the inner cavity of the container,
the core sample size can be set to be square between 100X 100mm and 500X 500mm according to the test requirement
And an injection shaft is arranged on the core sample, and the shaft is a blind hole.
The injection well bore is connected to a high pressure injection pump via an injection line. The injection line extends through the top cover of the high pressure vessel.
The lower push plate is arranged on the upper part of the bottom piston, and when axial pressure is applied, the high-pressure liquid pushes the bottom piston to move upwards, and the bottom piston pushes the lower pressure plate to move upwards, so that axial pressure is applied to the core.
Each side pressure plate is provided with a groove 660, and the acoustic wave probe is installed inside and can be contacted with the rock surface. The sound wave transmission wire penetrates through the top cover of the high-voltage container.
The acoustic emission system is composed of an acoustic probe 50, an acoustic transmission line 51, and a microseism monitoring and imaging device 52.
The acoustic wave probe is arranged in the groove at the inner side of the side pressing plate, and when the core sample is subjected to force in the X direction or the Y direction, the acoustic wave probe can be stressed to generate signals for transmission.
The sound wave transmission wire penetrates through the top cover of the high-pressure rock core container and is connected with an external microseism monitoring and imaging device.
The data acquisition control display system can control and acquire parameters of the first pump, the eighth pump, the first pressure gauge, the eighth pressure gauge and the displacement sensor, and can process data to realize graphic and report display.
The first pump to the eighth pump, the first pressure gauge to the eighth pressure gauge, the displacement sensor and the data acquisition control display system are electrically connected.
Example 2
In this example 2, a test method using the above system is described using 500 x 500mm shale test pieces as an example,
step one: and (3) drilling a central hole with the diameter of 23mm and the depth of 300mm on a cubic shale test piece with the diameter of 500 multiplied by 500mm according to the experimental requirements before the test, inserting a steel pipe for simulating injection into a shaft, and pouring sealant for sealing.
Step two: the acoustic wave probe is mounted in the groove of the side pressure plate.
Step three: and loading the processed core sample into a high-pressure container.
Step four: connecting pipelines of each pump and the high-pressure container, sound wave transmission wires and lines of the microseism monitoring and imaging device, and connecting various parameter measuring devices with acquisition lines of the data acquisition control display system.
Step five: the injection well bore and the injection line are connected, and the upper cover is installed.
Step six: ensure that the side pressing plate and the bottom piston are at the bottommost part and the edge,
Step seven: the second pump 20, the third pump 21 and the fourth pump 22 are started, the pressure in the X-axis direction is set to be 50MPa, and the pressure and displacement monitoring is maintained.
Step eight: the fifth pump 30, the sixth pump 31 and the seventh pump 32 are started, the pressure in the Y-axis direction is set to 45MPa, and the pressure and displacement monitoring is maintained.
Step nine: the eighth pump 40 was started, the pressure in the Z-axis direction was set at 70MPa, and the pressure and displacement monitoring was maintained.
Step ten: the first pump 10 was started and water was injected into the injection well bore at a rate of 50ML/min until the formation was fractured.
Step eleven: starting an acoustic emission monitoring system to monitor micro-earthquakes and cracks;
step twelve: and detecting and recording the data pressure and displacement by using a data acquisition control display system.
Step thirteen: and (3) finishing the fracturing process test, unloading the triaxial stress of the core sample, taking out the core sample, and analyzing and processing the result.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explanation of the principles of the present invention and are in no way limiting of the invention. Accordingly, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to cover all such changes and modifications that fall within the scope and boundary of the appended claims, or equivalents of such scope and boundary.

Claims (12)

1. An oil and gas well fracturing test device under simulation true stratum environment, which is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a high-pressure core container, a high-pressure injection system, a core X-axis loading system, a core Y-axis loading system, a core Z-axis loading system, an acoustic emission system and a data acquisition control display system; a rock core sample is arranged in the high-pressure container, at least one group of injection wellbores are arranged on the rock core sample, an injection pump of the high-pressure injection system is connected with the injection wellbores through injection pipelines, high-pressure liquid is pumped into the injection wellbores, and stratum cracking is forced; the core sample is divided into an upper part, a middle part and a lower part, four side pressing plates are arranged around each part, and each two opposite side pressing plates in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are controlled by one pump; each side pressing plate is connected with 3 side pistons, and the pump drives the side pistons to push the side pressing plates to apply pressure to the X axis and the Y axis of the core; the loading position and force in the Y-axis direction are consistent with those in the X-axis direction; a pump in the Z-axis loading system pumps high-pressure liquid through a top piston channel, drives a bottom piston at the lower part of the core sample to move upwards, applies axial pressure to the core sample, and simulates effective vertical stress of underground rock; the acoustic wave probe is arranged in a groove on one side of each side pressure plate, which is close to the rock core, and can detect stratum cracking signals and positions, and the signals are transmitted to the microseism monitoring and imaging device through the signal transmission wire to analyze crack positions and evolution rules; the data acquisition control display system synchronously controls all pumps, and detects and records pressure and displacement.
2. The device for simulating the fracturing test of the oil and gas well in the real stratum environment according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure core container is composed of a container main body, an upper cover, a core sample, a side pressing plate groove, a lower sealing end plate, a bottom piston, a top piston channel, an injection shaft, a bottom support and bolts and nuts.
3. The oil and gas well fracturing test device for simulating a real stratum environment according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the core sample and the lower surface of the upper cover of the high-pressure container are both planes and can be tightly attached to each other; the lower surface of the core sample and the upper surface of the lower pushing plate are both plane and can be tightly attached to each other;
the length and the width of the core sample are smaller than those of the inner cavity of the high-temperature high-pressure container, and annular spaces exist around the core and in the inner cavity of the container;
setting an injection shaft on the core sample, wherein the shaft is a blind hole;
the injection well bore is connected with a high-pressure injection pump through an injection pipeline; the injection pipeline penetrates through the top cover of the high-pressure container;
the size of the core sample is set to be 100 according to the test requirement square with a length of between 100X 100mm and 500X 500 mm.
4. The oil and gas well fracturing test device for simulating a real stratum environment according to claim 1, wherein the core sample is divided into an upper part, a middle part and a lower part, and four side pressing plates are arranged around each part; each side pressure plate is connected with 3 side pistons, and each two opposite side pressure plates in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are controlled by one pump.
5. The fracturing test device for the oil and gas well simulating the real stratum environment according to claim 1, wherein the rock core X-axis loading system consists of 3 constant-speed constant-pressure pumps, side pistons and displacement sensors; each pump controls two side pressing plates opposite to each other in the X direction, high-pressure liquid is injected through a side piston injection hole, the two opposite side pistons are pushed to move in opposite directions, and the two side pressing plates move in opposite directions along with the side pressing plates to press the rock, so that the rock is subjected to pressure in the X axis direction; and 3 pumps are controlled, so that the stress of the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the core sample in the X-axis direction can be controlled.
6. The fracturing test device for the oil and gas well simulating the real stratum environment according to claim 1, wherein the rock core Y-axis loading system consists of 3 constant-speed constant-pressure pumps, side pistons and displacement sensors; each pump controls two side pressing plates opposite to each other in the X direction, high-pressure liquid is injected through a side piston injection hole, the two opposite side pistons are pushed to move in opposite directions, and the two side pressing plates move in opposite directions along with the side pressing plates to press the rock, so that the rock is subjected to pressure in the X axis direction; and 3 pumps are controlled, so that the stress of the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the core sample in the Y-axis direction can be controlled.
7. The fracturing test device for the oil and gas well simulating real stratum environment according to claim 1, wherein each side pressing plate is provided with a groove, and an acoustic wave probe is installed inside and is contacted with the surface of rock; the sound wave transmission wire penetrates through the top cover of the high-voltage container.
8. The fracturing test device for the oil and gas well simulating the real stratum environment according to claim 1, wherein the rock core Z-axis loading system consists of a constant-speed constant-pressure pump, a valve and a pressure gauge; the axial pressurizing pump pumps high-pressure liquid through the top piston channel, drives the bottom piston to move upwards, and applies axial pressure to the core sample;
the axial pressurizing pump is used for providing a metering pump for constant pressure or constant flow fluid; the valve is a stop valve, so that the functions of cutting off and unblocking the pipeline are realized; the pressure gauge realizes the setting of the loaded pressure.
9. The fracturing test device for the oil and gas well simulating the real stratum environment according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure injection system consists of an injection pump, a valve and a pressure gauge; the main function of the method is to pump high-pressure liquid into an injection shaft to fracture the stratum; the injection pump is connected with the injection shaft through an injection pipeline, the injection pump is a metering pump capable of providing constant pressure or constant flow rate fluid, and the valve is a stop valve.
10. The device for simulating the fracturing test of an oil and gas well in a real stratum environment according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic emission system comprises an acoustic probe, an acoustic transmission wire and a microseism monitoring and imaging device; the acoustic wave probe is arranged in a groove at the inner side of the side pressing plate, and when the core sample is stressed in the X direction or the Y direction, the acoustic wave probe is stressed to generate a signal to be transmitted; the sound wave transmission wire penetrates through the top cover of the high-pressure rock core container and is connected with an external microseism monitoring and imaging device; the sonic probes are evenly distributed around the rock.
11. The fracturing test device for the oil and gas well simulating the real stratum environment according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition control display system is used for controlling and acquiring parameters of a pump, a pressure gauge and a sensor, processing the data and realizing graphic and report display; the pump, the manometer, the sensor and the data acquisition control display system are connected through the electricity.
12. The fracturing test method for the oil and gas well in the simulated real stratum environment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
machining a test piece with a required size according to experimental requirements, machining and drilling a blind hole with the required size, inserting a steel pipe into a simulated shaft, and pouring sealant for sealing;
the acoustic wave probe is arranged in the groove of the side pressing plate;
loading the processed core sample into a high-pressure container;
connecting the connecting pipelines of each pump and the high-pressure container, the sound wave transmission wire and the circuits of the microseism monitoring and imaging device, and connecting various parameter measuring devices with the acquisition circuits of the data acquisition control display system;
connecting an injection shaft with an injection pipeline, and installing an upper cover;
ensuring that the side pressing plate and the bottom piston are at the bottommost part and the bottommost edge;
starting a rock core X-axis loading system, and pressurizing the rock core sample X-axis to the pressure required by the test;
starting a core Y-axis loading system, and increasing the X-axis of a core sample to the pressure required by the test;
starting a core Z-axis loading system, and increasing the Z axis of a core sample to the pressure required by the test;
starting a high-pressure injection system to perform constant-current or constant-pressure injection;
starting an acoustic emission monitoring system to monitor micro-earthquakes and cracks;
detecting and recording data by using a data acquisition control display system;
and (3) finishing the fracturing process test, unloading the triaxial stress of the core sample, and processing test data.
CN202111680503.4A 2021-12-31 2021-12-31 Oil-gas well fracturing test device and method for simulating real stratum environment Pending CN116411959A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117569788A (en) * 2024-01-15 2024-02-20 中国矿业大学 Deep thermal storage fracturing, seepage and displacement integrated testing device and method
CN117782898A (en) * 2024-02-23 2024-03-29 中国地质大学(武汉) Device and method for measuring shale gas bidirectional diffusion coefficient under triaxial stress
CN118169008A (en) * 2024-03-21 2024-06-11 天府永兴实验室 Experimental device and method for permeability and friction property change in fault sliding process

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117569788A (en) * 2024-01-15 2024-02-20 中国矿业大学 Deep thermal storage fracturing, seepage and displacement integrated testing device and method
CN117569788B (en) * 2024-01-15 2024-03-29 中国矿业大学 Deep thermal storage fracturing, seepage and displacement integrated testing device and method
CN117782898A (en) * 2024-02-23 2024-03-29 中国地质大学(武汉) Device and method for measuring shale gas bidirectional diffusion coefficient under triaxial stress
CN117782898B (en) * 2024-02-23 2024-07-05 中国地质大学(武汉) Testing method of shale gas bidirectional diffusion coefficient measuring device under triaxial stress
CN118169008A (en) * 2024-03-21 2024-06-11 天府永兴实验室 Experimental device and method for permeability and friction property change in fault sliding process

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