CN109374415A - Multi-crack three-dimensional space induced stress testing method - Google Patents
Multi-crack three-dimensional space induced stress testing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-fracture three-dimensional space induced stress testing method, which belongs to the technical field of stress testing in oil and gas industry, comprises a coring step, an installation step, a testing step and a data analysis step, and is a multi-fracture three-dimensional space induced stress testing method for testing fracture induced stress generated in an artificial fracture expansion and extension process by simulating factors such as field pumping parameters, horizontal stress difference and the like on a rock core test piece under a true triaxial stress condition, so as to correct a fracture induced stress theoretical calculation model and provide support for a fracture parameter prediction technology based on adjacent well pressure change.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stress testing in oil and gas industry, and particularly relates to a multi-crack three-dimensional space induced stress testing method.
Background
The large-scale exploration and development of the unconventional gas reservoirs such as the shale gas effectively relieve the technical problems that the conventional oil and gas reservoirs are low in grade, the reservoir exploitation difficulty is increased and the later yield cannot be guaranteed under the background that the energy demand is increasing day by day. However, because shale reservoirs usually have the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure, low porosity and low permeability, and natural fractures are weak in development as a whole, the industrial productivity can be obtained by hydraulic fracturing measures. In order to utilize the effective shale interval to the maximum extent, a platform multi-well large-scale volume fracturing technology is usually adopted to implement production-increasing transformation so as to form a complex artificial support slotted net system with high flow conductivity in the production zone, thereby reducing the effective seepage distance of pore fluid and improving the gas flow efficiency.
The formation of a complex fracture network system by hydraulic fracturing is the key for realizing the efficient development of the shale reservoir, and the key for the hydraulic fracturing of the shale reservoir is how to determine the opening mechanism, the extension rule and the fracture network complexity of a hydraulic fracture under the original ground stress condition. The indoor research on the extending and expanding process of the artificial fracture in the reservoir mainly comprises a numerical simulation method and an indoor engineering experiment, and the monitoring and analysis of the extending and expanding condition of the artificial fracture are realized by means of real-time monitoring of micro-earthquake, well temperature logging, tracer monitoring, well testing analysis and the like in the field implementation process. However, due to the influences of factors such as heterogeneity, anisotropy, natural fractures and irregular development of bedding, etc. of a real reservoir, the accuracy and the authenticity of an output result of the numerical simulation method need to be improved due to too many assumed conditions, and meanwhile, a single fracture monitoring means is adopted in the field fracturing process, so that the monitoring of all fracturing parameters is difficult to cover, and the implementation cost and the interpretation result need to be further optimized. In the process of crack extension of the rock mass around the high-pressure fluid, the fluid pressure in the crack is higher than the horizontal minimum principal stress of the reservoir perpendicular to the wall surface of the crack, so that the rock mass around the crack generates induced stress and changes the in-situ stress field, and the magnitude of the induced stress is in direct proportion to the net pressure in the expanded crack. When the hydraulic fracture spacing is within a certain range, a stress shadow effect occurs. The stress shadowing effect will exert additional forces, i.e. induced stresses, on the surrounding rock and adjacent fractures, thereby altering the later fracture width, extension direction, geometry and possible placement of proppant in the fracture. The pressure change is monitored and recorded through the pressure of an adjacent well, and the fracturing fracture parameters are solved as a novel fracturing fracture monitoring technology based on the inversion of a three-dimensional induced stress calculation model, so that the technology tends to be mature in the North America unconventional gas reservoir platformization development process.
However, induced stress change in the process of extending and expanding artificial fractures for fracturing reformation of unconventional reservoirs is mostly calculated based on the development of a sneddon theoretical model, and the model is used for simplifying the characteristics of a mathematical model and the actual conditions of the reservoirs, such as natural fracture development, mechanical heterogeneity and the like; meanwhile, the large-size natural outcrop or artificial rock sample is mostly adopted in the indoor true triaxial hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment device and method for recognizing the expansion form of the hydraulic fracture in the reservoir, so that the rock sample test piece and the true drilling core have great difference, the true core deposition state and the fracture bedding and development condition under the stratum condition cannot be reflected, and the quantitative test of the fracture induced stress in the fracturing process is not involved. Therefore, in order to accurately predict the induced stress change condition of the fracture in the fracturing process of the platform well, an indoor engineering simulation evaluation experiment testing method is urgently needed to be developed to correct an induced stress prediction model so as to perfect a fracturing fracture parameter interpretation method based on the pressure change of an adjacent well.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-fracture three-dimensional space induced stress testing method which tests the fracture induced stress generated in the artificial fracture expansion and extension process by simulating factors such as field pump injection parameters, horizontal stress difference and the like on a rock core test piece under the condition of true triaxial stress, so as to correct a fracture induced stress theoretical calculation model and provide support for a fracture parameter prediction technology based on adjacent well pressure change.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multi-crack three-dimensional space induced stress test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a coring and well drilling step, wherein the shale target reservoir is drilled and cored to obtain a rock sample, the rock sample is processed into a rock core with the size suitable for being placed in a rock core placing chamber of a rock core clamping simulation device, a round hole for placing a fracturing pipe of a fracturing pipe column simulation device is drilled on any surface of the rock core, and the length of the round hole is 1/2 of the length of the rock core in the drilling direction;
installing, namely spirally distributing holes at a phase angle at the lower end of a fracturing pipe of the fracturing pipe column simulation device, preferably, spirally distributing holes at a phase angle of 60 degrees or drilling holes in a directional hole distribution mode to form simulated perforation holes, uniformly coating high-strength flexible epoxy resin glue on the outer surface of the fracturing pipe, and then putting the fracturing pipe into a round hole drilled in the coring step of a rock core; placing the stress strain patterns into grooves on the inner surfaces of the inner cavities of the pressing plate I, the pressing plate II, the pressing plate III and the core placing chamber, placing the core with the simulated fracturing pipe in the core placing chamber, and sequentially connecting a liquid storage container I, a low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump, a liquid storage container II and the fracturing pipe through high-pressure resistant pipelines;
a testing step, loading simulated stress in x, y and z directions to the rock core respectively and independently through a pressing plate I, a pressing plate II and a pressing plate III, wherein, the fracturing pump injection device is used for injecting fracturing fluid into the fracturing pipe and observing the liquid outlet condition of the rock core test piece under the triaxial stress condition set by the test, then the crack penetration injection displacement V1 of the rock core test piece is calibrated, injecting fracturing liquid into the fracturing pipe by a penetration injection displacement V1 smaller than the crack of the rock core test piece under the triaxial stress condition set by the test, monitoring and sampling the pressure of the injection end in the whole experiment, after liquid enters the rock core test piece, an artificial hydraulic fracture is generated in the rock body and extends and expands, the rock mass around the crack is extruded by the fluid pressure in the crack to generate induced stress during the extension and expansion of the crack, recording and analyzing the induced stress generation condition through the surface stress strain patterns of the rock core test piece, and finally obtaining the three-axis direction induced stress forming result of a certain position of the rock body in the fracture extension and expansion process;
and a data analysis step, namely judging that the experiment is finished when the rock core test piece is drained in the test step, storing the recorded data collected by the computer, and performing calculation analysis.
And in the coring and well drilling steps, a space with the depth of 30mm is arranged at the lower end of the round hole drilled by the core and is used as a reserved space of the open hole section of the well drilling well.
In the installation step, a plurality of simulated perforation holes at the lower end of the fracturing pipe are formed, and the diameter of each simulated perforation hole is 2 mm; and processing the outer surface of the upper part of the simulated perforation hole of the fracturing pipe to form threads so that the bonding effect between the fracturing pipe and the inner wall of the drilled hole of the rock core is better.
In the installation step, clamp plate I, clamp plate II and clamp plate III are connected with x direction pressure sensor, y direction pressure sensor and z direction pressure sensor respectively, II central points of clamp plate I, clamp plate put and set up the recess, and clamp plate I, clamp plate II and clamp plate III all are connected with axial piston, axial piston all links to each other with same force (forcing) pump through high pressure resistant crossover sub, and the connecting tube is high pressure resistant pipeline, high pressure resistant crossover sub still has the pressure release basin through stress relief pipeline connection, and the force (forcing) pump provides power for axial piston promptly.
In the mounting step, the stress strain gauge is in data connection with a high-speed static strain data acquisition instrument, preferably a high-speed static strain data acquisition instrument with model number DH 3820.
In the installation step, the liquid storage container II is a piston cylinder, the low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump pumps liquid into the upper portion of the piston cylinder, fracturing liquid for simulation sites is filled into the lower portion of the piston cylinder, the liquid storage container I is connected with the liquid inlet end of the low-flow constant-pressure pump, the liquid outlet end of the low-flow constant-pressure pump is connected with the upper end of the liquid storage container II, and the lower end of the liquid storage container II is connected with the port of the fracturing pipe through a high-pressure-resistant pipeline.
And a switch valve I is arranged on a high-pressure resistant pipeline between the liquid storage container I and the liquid inlet end of the low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump, a switch valve II and a relief valve are arranged on the high-pressure resistant pipeline at the liquid outlet end of the low-flow constant-pressure pump and the upper end of the liquid storage container II, the relief valve is connected with a pressure relief water tank through a pressure relief pipeline, and the tail end of the pressure relief pipeline is lower than the liquid level depth of the pressure relief.
In the testing step, the pressure plate I, the pressure plate II and the pressure plate III are all supplied with pressure by a pressure pump through a high-pressure-resistant adapter, so that the pressure plate I, the pressure plate II and the pressure plate III can be controlled by controlling the high-pressure-resistant adapter, specifically, an x-direction valve of the high-pressure-resistant adapter is opened, the x-direction valve is closed after the pressure plate I is driven to load the x-direction simulated stress, then a y-direction valve of the high-pressure-resistant adapter is opened, and the y-direction valve is closed after the pressure plate II is driven to load the x-direction simulated stress; and opening a high-pressure-resistant adapter z-direction valve, driving a pressure plate III to load the x-direction simulated stress, closing the z-direction valve, and performing stress loading on the core test piece through the x-direction, y-direction and z-direction pistons to simulate the triaxial stress condition of the reservoir.
In the testing step, a switch valve I and a switch valve II of the fracturing pump injection device are opened, a low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump is started, and fracturing fluid is injected into a fracturing pipe.
In the data analysis step, the low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump is closed after the experiment is judged to be finished, and the pressure of the injection end of the fracturing pipe is determined to be zero; and simultaneously, pressure relief is carried out through a stress relief pipeline, and the clamping pressure of the rock core test piece in three directions is respectively unloaded.
The beneficial effects of this technical scheme are as follows:
1. compared with the actual triaxial hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment device and the experiment method which are widely applied at present, the size of the core test piece adopted by the device is closer to that of a drilling core sample, the processing is convenient, and the core property characteristics under the stratum condition can be more truly reflected compared with an outcrop rock sample or a large-size pouring rock sample.
2. Compared with a common true triaxial hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment device and a common test method, the device adopts the stress strain rosette to test the change condition of the induced stress of the fracturing fracture at the adjacent position along with the expansion and extension of the fracture in the fracturing process of the shale reservoir gas well, so that a fracture induced stress theoretical prediction model can be corrected, and the fracturing fracture parameter prediction technology based on the pressure change of the adjacent well can be perfected.
3. The device can effectively simulate different stresses, perforation parameters, pump injection displacement and other key factors influencing the extension of the fracture, and further can research the change condition of the induced stress of the fracture in the extension process of the fracture under the mixed action of the factors.
4. The device has scientific and reasonable structural design and convenient operation of the test method, each component system of the device has good pressure-resistant sealing property meeting the experimental requirements, and key data can be directly extracted and analyzed through the data acquisition analysis system after the experiment.
5. The stress-strain test system which is a key component of the device is a high-precision stress-strain data acquisition instrument, and the accuracy of experimental data acquisition can be effectively ensured.
Drawings
The foregoing and following detailed description of the invention will be apparent when read in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structural flow of the apparatus of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a top cross-sectional view of a core holder of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the present invention
Wherein,
1. a liquid storage container I; 2. opening and closing the valve I; 3. a low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump; 4. a pressure sensor I; 5. opening and closing a valve II; 6. a liquid storage container II; 7. a pressure relief line; 8. a pressure relief water tank; 9. a pressure sensor IV; 10. a fracturing fluid inlet line; 11. pressing a plate III; 12. pressing a plate I; 13. pressing a plate II; 14. fracturing the simulation pipe; 15. a rock core test piece; 16. a base; 17. a support pillar; 18. stress strain roses; 19. a z-direction pressure sensor; 20. an x-direction pressure sensor; 21. a y-direction pressure sensor; 22. a six-way crossover sub; 23. a pressure pump; 24. a stress relief line; 25. a stress-unloading water tank; 26. an automatic control and data acquisition and analysis device; 27. an axial piston; 28. a platen hole; 29. a connecting rod; 30. a double female joint; 31. a copper washer; 32. and (4) a groove.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions for achieving the objects of the present invention are further illustrated by the following specific examples, and it should be noted that the technical solutions claimed in the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
As a most basic embodiment of the present invention, this example discloses a method for testing induced stress in a multi-crack three-dimensional space, which includes the following steps:
a coring and well drilling step, wherein the shale target reservoir is drilled and cored to obtain a rock sample, the rock sample is processed into a rock core with the size suitable for being placed in a rock core placing chamber of a rock core clamping simulation device, a round hole for placing a fracturing pipe of a fracturing pipe column simulation device is drilled on any surface of the rock core, and the length of the round hole is 1/2 of the length of the rock core in the drilling direction;
mounting, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, spirally distributing holes at a phase angle, preferably at a phase angle of 60 degrees, at the lower end of a fracturing pipe of the fracturing pipe column simulation device, or drilling in a directional hole distribution mode to form simulated perforation holes, uniformly coating high-strength flexible epoxy resin glue on the outer surface of the fracturing pipe, and then putting the fracturing pipe into a round hole drilled in the coring step of a rock core; placing the stress strain patterns 18 into a pressing plate I12, a pressing plate II 13, a pressing plate III 11 and a groove 32 on the inner surface of the inner cavity of the core placing chamber, placing the core with the simulated fracturing pipe in the core placing chamber, and sequentially connecting a liquid storage container I1, a low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump 3, a liquid storage container II 6 and the fracturing pipe by using a high-pressure resistant pipeline;
a testing step, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, loading simulated stresses in x, y and z directions to a core through a pressure plate i 12, a pressure plate ii 13 and a pressure plate iii 11, wherein a fracturing fluid is injected into a fracturing pipe through a fracturing pump injection device, and the outlet condition of the core test piece 15 is observed under a set triaxial testing stress condition (z =25MPa, x =20MPa, y =5MPa or 8MPa or 12 MPa), and the penetration injection displacement V1 of the fracture of the core test piece 15 is calibrated, then in the testing process, under the triaxial stress condition, the pump injection displacement is smaller than the penetration injection displacement V1 of the fracture of the core test piece 15 obtained through the test, a three-way simulated stress is loaded in each testing process, under different simulated stress conditions, the penetration displacement V1 of the fracture of the core test piece 15 is calibrated independently, and under the set triaxial testing stress condition (z =25MPa, x =20MPa, y =5MPa or 8MPa or 12) the penetration displacement injection displacement V1 of the fracturing fluid is injected into the fracturing pipe under the fracture through the fracturing pipe under the set triaxial testing stress Monitoring and sampling the pressure of an injection end in the whole experiment process, generating an artificial hydraulic fracture in the rock body after liquid enters the rock core test piece 15, extending and expanding, generating induced stress by the rock body around the fracture in the fracture extending and expanding process under the extrusion of the fluid pressure in the fracture, recording and analyzing the induced stress generation condition through the surface stress strain flower 18 of the rock core test piece 15, and finally obtaining a three-axis direction induced stress forming result of the rock body at a certain position in the fracture extending and expanding process;
and a data analysis step, namely judging that the experiment is finished when the rock core test piece 15 is discharged in the test step, storing the data collected and recorded by the computer, and performing calculation analysis.
Example 2
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this example discloses a method for testing induced stress in a multi-crack three-dimensional space, which comprises the following steps:
and a coring and well drilling step, wherein the shale target reservoir drilling coring is carried out to obtain a rock sample, the rock sample is processed into a rock core with the size suitable for being placed in a rock core placing chamber of a rock core clamping simulation device, a round hole for placing a fracturing pipe of a fracturing pipe column simulation device is drilled on any surface of the rock core, the length of the round hole is 1/2 of the length of the rock core in the drilling direction, and a space with the depth of 30mm is arranged at the lower end of the round hole drilled by the rock core and used as a reserved space of an open hole section of a drilling well.
Installing, namely spirally distributing holes at a phase angle at the lower end of a fracturing pipe of the fracturing pipe column simulation device, preferably, spirally distributing holes at a phase angle of 60 degrees or drilling holes in a directional hole distribution mode to form simulated perforation holes, uniformly coating high-strength flexible epoxy resin glue on the outer surface of the fracturing pipe, and then putting the fracturing pipe into a round hole drilled in the coring step of a rock core; placing a stress strain flower 18 into a pressing plate I12, a pressing plate II 13, a pressing plate III 11 and a groove 32 on the inner surface of an inner cavity of a rock core placing chamber, placing the rock core with the simulated fracturing pipe in the rock core placing chamber, and connecting a liquid storage container I1, a low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump 3, a liquid storage container II 6 and the fracturing pipe in sequence by using a high-pressure-resistant pipeline, wherein a plurality of simulated perforation holes at the lower end of the fracturing pipe are provided, and the simulated perforation holes have the diameter of 2 mm; processing threads on the outer surface of the upper part of the simulated perforation hole of the fracturing pipe so as to ensure that the bonding effect between the fracturing pipe and the inner wall of the core drilling hole is better; pressing plate I12, pressing plate II 13 and pressing plate III 11 are connected with x direction pressure sensor 20, y direction pressure sensor 21 and z direction pressure sensor 19 respectively, pressing plate I12, pressing plate II 13 central point put and offer recess 32, and pressing plate I12, pressing plate II 13 and pressing plate III 11 all are connected with axial piston 27, axial piston 27 all links to each other with same force (forcing) pump 23 through high-pressure resistant crossover sub, and the connecting line is high-pressure resistant pipeline, high-pressure resistant crossover sub still is connected with pressure release basin 8 through stress relief pipeline 7, and force (forcing) pump 23 provides power for axial piston 27 promptly. The stress strain rosette 18 is in data connection with a high-speed static strain data acquisition instrument, preferably a DH3820 high-speed static strain data acquisition instrument; the liquid storage container II 6 is a piston cylinder, the low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump 3 pumps liquid into the upper part of the piston cylinder, fracturing liquid for simulating a site is filled in the lower part of the piston cylinder, the liquid storage container I1 is connected with the liquid inlet end of the low-flow constant-pressure pump 3, the liquid outlet end of the low-flow constant-pressure pump 3 is connected with the upper end of the liquid storage container II 6, and the lower end of the liquid storage container II 6 is connected with a port of a fracturing pipe through a high-pressure-resistant pipeline; the high-pressure-resistant pipeline between the liquid storage container I1 and the liquid inlet end of the low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump 3 is provided with a switch valve I2, the high-pressure-resistant pipeline at the upper ends of the liquid outlet end of the low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump 3 and the liquid storage container II 6 is provided with a switch valve II 5 and a pressure release valve, the pressure release valve is connected with the pressure release water tank 8 through a pressure release pipeline 7, and the tail end of the pressure release pipeline 7 is lower than the liquid level.
The testing step, respectively and independently loading simulated stress in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction to a rock core through a pressure plate I12, a pressure plate II 13 and a pressure plate III 11, wherein a fracturing fluid is injected into a fracturing pipe through a fracturing pump injection device, the liquid outlet condition of the rock core test piece 15 is observed under the set testing triaxial stress condition (z =25MPa, x =20MPa, y =5MPa or 8MPa or 12 MPa), the crack through injection displacement V1 of the rock core test piece 15 is calibrated, the pump injection displacement is smaller than the crack through injection displacement V1 of the rock core test piece 15 obtained by testing in the later testing process under the triaxial stress condition, three-way simulated stress is loaded in each testing process, the crack through injection displacement V1 of the rock core test piece 15 is independently calibrated under different simulated stress conditions, and the fracturing fluid is injected into the fracturing pipe by being smaller than the crack through injection displacement V1 under the set testing triaxial stress condition (z =25MPa, x =20MPa, y =5MPa or 8MPa or 12 MPa), monitoring and sampling the whole experiment process to record the pressure of an injection end, generating an artificial hydraulic fracture in a rock body after liquid enters a rock core test piece 15 and extending and expanding, generating induced stress by the pressure extrusion of fluid in a seam on the rock body around the seam in the fracture extending and expanding process, and recording and analyzing the generation condition of the induced stress through a surface stress strain flower 18 of the rock core test piece 15 to finally obtain a three-axis direction induced stress forming result of a certain position of the rock body in the fracture extending and expanding process; the pressure plate I12, the pressure plate II 13 and the pressure plate III 11 are all supplied with pressure by a pressure pump 23 through a high-pressure-resistant adapter, namely the pressure plate I12, the pressure plate II 13 and the pressure plate III 11 can be controlled by controlling the high-pressure-resistant adapter, specifically, an x-direction valve of the high-pressure-resistant adapter is opened, the x-direction valve is closed after the pressure plate I12 is driven to load x-direction analog stress, then a y-direction valve of the high-pressure-resistant adapter is opened, and the y-direction valve is closed after the pressure plate II 13 is driven to load x-direction analog stress; and then opening a high-pressure-resistant adapter z-direction valve, driving a pressure plate III 11 to load the x-direction simulated stress, closing the z-direction valve, carrying out stress loading on the rock core test piece 15 through the x-direction, y-direction and z-direction pistons to simulate the triaxial stress condition of the reservoir, opening a switch valve I2 and a switch valve II 5 of the fracturing pump injection device, starting a low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump 3, and injecting fracturing fluid into the fracturing pipe.
A data analysis step, in the test step, judging that the experiment is finished after the rock core test piece 15 is discharged, storing the data collected and recorded by the computer, and performing calculation analysis; in the data analysis step, the low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump 3 is closed after the experiment is judged to be finished, and the pressure of the injection end of the fracturing pipe is determined to be zero; and simultaneously, pressure relief is carried out through the stress relief pipeline 7, and the clamping pressure of the rock core test piece 15 in three directions is respectively unloaded.
To describe the above method in more detail, the following steps can be specifically referred to:
1) and (3) drilling and coring a shale target reservoir, and processing a rock sample into a cuboid rock core test piece 15 with the size of 80mm multiplied by 100 mm. Drilling a round hole with the size of phi 14mm multiplied by 70mm in the middle of any surface of the core test piece 15, wherein a space of 30mm at the lower end of the hole is reserved for an open hole section of a drilling well;
2) and drilling at the lower end of the simulated fracturing pipe to form simulated perforation holes, adopting a 60-degree phase angle spiral hole distribution or directional hole distribution mode, wherein the diameter of each hole is 2mm, and the total number of the holes is variable. Processing threads on the outer surface of the upper part of the simulated perforation hole of the fracturing pipe to enable the fracturing pipe to be better bonded with the inner wall of the drill hole of the rock core;
3) uniformly coating high-strength flexible epoxy resin glue on the outer surface (excluding the position of the perforation) of the fracturing pipe with the simulated perforation hole to prevent the pressure of liquid with over-high pressure from intermittently channeling from the fracturing pipe and the drilling hole during the injection of a fracturing pump to release the pressure, and then putting the fracturing pipe into a position above an open hole section of which the rock core is drilled into a circular hole;
4) placing 5 stress strain patterns 18 into a pressing plate I12, a pressing plate II 13, a pressing plate III 11 and a preset groove 32 of an inner cavity of a shell, and then placing a core test piece 15 with a simulated fracturing pipe into a core holder in the shell;
5) the device is sequentially connected with a liquid storage container I1, a low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump 3, a liquid storage container II 6 and an exposed part at the upper end of a fracturing pipe;
6) opening a six-way adapter 22x direction valve, and closing the six-way adapter 22x direction valve after the x direction simulation stress is loaded; opening a six-way adapter 22y direction valve, and closing the six-way adapter 22y direction valve after loading the x direction simulation stress; opening a six-way conversion joint 22 z-direction valve, closing the six-way conversion joint 22 z-direction valve after loading the simulation stress in the x direction is finished, and carrying out stress loading on the rock core test piece 15 through pistons in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction so as to simulate the triaxial stress condition of the reservoir;
7) opening a switch valve I2 and a switch valve II 5, starting a low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump 3, injecting fracturing fluid into a fracturing pipe, observing the liquid outlet condition of a rock core test piece 15 under a certain triaxial stress condition, calibrating the penetration injection displacement V1 of the crack of the rock core test piece 15, and in the later stage experiment, when the triaxial stress condition is equivalent, the pump injection displacement is smaller than the penetration injection displacement V1 of the crack of the rock core test piece 15.
8) Under the condition of triaxial stress (z =25MPa, x =20MPa, y =5MPa or 8MPa or 12 MPa) under a certain condition, fracturing fluid is injected into the fracturing pipe by the through injection displacement V1 smaller than the crack of the core test piece 15, and the pressure of the injection end is monitored and recorded in the whole process of the experiment. After liquid enters the rock core test piece 15, an artificial hydraulic fracture is generated in the rock body and extends and expands, the rock body around the fracture is extruded by fluid pressure in the fracture extending and expanding process to generate induced stress, the induced stress generation condition is recorded and analyzed through the surface stress strain rosette 18 of the rock core test piece 15, and finally the three-axis direction induced stress forming result of the rock body at a certain position in the fracture extending and expanding process is obtained.
9) After the rock core test piece 15 is drained, judging that the experiment is finished, storing the data collected and recorded by the computer, closing the low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump 3, and determining that the pressure at the injection end of the fracturing pipe is zero; and simultaneously, opening a six-way control valve of the triaxial stress pressure relief pipeline 7 to respectively unload the clamping pressure of the rock core test piece 15 in three directions.
In addition, when the artificial core is tested, mechanical parameters of a target reservoir rock are used as calibration, the proportion of the materials of the artificial core test piece 15 is set and weighed, mortar is uniformly mixed and then filled into an artificial core sample preparation mold, natural cracks of the reservoir are simulated by presetting materials such as propping agents, paper sheets and the like, a compaction tool is used for preliminary compaction in the mortar filling process, the mold is placed into a pressurizing device for compaction after the sample preparation test piece reaches a preset size, and finally demoulding and natural drying are carried out to obtain the cuboid core test piece 15 with the thickness of 80mm, 80mm and 100mm and the development of the simulated natural cracks. Drilling a round hole with the size of phi 14mm multiplied by 70mm in the middle of any surface of the core test piece 15, wherein a space of 30mm at the lower end of the hole is reserved for an open hole section of a drilling well;
and repeating the steps 2-9 in other experimental steps to complete the induced stress test of the artificial rock core.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-crack three-dimensional space induced stress test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a coring and well drilling step, wherein the shale target reservoir is drilled and cored to obtain a rock sample, the rock sample is processed into a rock core with the size suitable for being placed in a rock core placing chamber of a rock core clamping simulation device, a round hole for placing a fracturing pipe of a fracturing pipe column simulation device is drilled on any surface of the rock core, and the length of the round hole is 1/2 of the length of the rock core in the drilling direction;
installing, namely spirally distributing holes at a phase angle at the lower end of a fracturing pipe of the fracturing pipe column simulation device, preferably, spirally distributing holes at a phase angle of 60 degrees or drilling holes in a directional hole distribution mode to form simulated perforation holes, uniformly coating high-strength flexible epoxy resin glue on the outer surface of the fracturing pipe, and then putting the fracturing pipe into a round hole drilled in the coring step of a rock core; placing a stress strain flower (18) into a pressing plate I (12), a pressing plate II (13), a pressing plate III (11) and a groove (32) on the inner surface of an inner cavity of a rock core placing chamber, placing the rock core with the simulated fracturing pipe in the rock core placing chamber, and sequentially connecting a liquid storage container I (1), a low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump (3), a liquid storage container II (6) and the fracturing pipe through a high-pressure resistant pipeline;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) testing, loading simulated stress in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction to a rock core respectively through a pressing plate I (12), a pressing plate II (13) and a pressing plate III (11), wherein fracturing fluid is injected into a fracturing pipe through a fracturing pump injection device, the liquid outlet condition of a rock core test piece (15) under the triaxial stress condition set by the test is observed, then the crack penetration injection displacement V1 of the rock core test piece (15) is calibrated, fracturing fluid is injected into the fracturing pipe through the crack penetration injection displacement V1 of the rock core test piece (15) under the triaxial stress condition set by the test, and the injection end pressure is monitored and sampled and recorded in the whole test;
and a data analysis step, wherein in the test step, when the rock core test piece (15) is discharged, the test is judged to be finished, and the recorded data collected by the computer is stored and is subjected to computational analysis.
2. The method for testing induced stress of the multi-fracture three-dimensional space according to claim 1, wherein: and in the coring and well drilling steps, a space with the depth of 30mm is arranged at the lower end of the round hole drilled by the core and is used as a reserved space of the open hole section of the well drilling well.
3. The method for testing induced stress of the multi-fracture three-dimensional space according to claim 1, wherein: in the installation step, a plurality of simulated perforation holes at the lower end of the fracturing pipe are formed, and the diameter of each simulated perforation hole is 2 mm; and processing the outer surface of the upper part of the simulated perforation hole of the fracturing pipe to form threads.
4. The method for testing induced stress of the multi-fracture three-dimensional space according to claim 1, wherein: in the installation step, clamp plate I (12), clamp plate II (13) and clamp plate III (11) are connected with x direction pressure sensor (20), y direction pressure sensor (21) and z direction pressure sensor (19) respectively, clamp plate I (12), clamp plate II (13) central point put and offer recess (32), and clamp plate I (12), clamp plate II (13) and clamp plate III (11) all are connected with axial piston (27), axial piston (27) all link to each other with same force (forcing) pump (23) through resistant high pressure crossover sub, and the connecting line is high pressure resistant pipeline, resistant high pressure crossover sub still is connected with pressure release basin (8) through stress relief pipeline (7).
5. The method for testing induced stress of the multi-fracture three-dimensional space according to claim 4, wherein: in the testing step, the pressure plate I (12), the pressure plate II (13) and the pressure plate III (11) are all supplied with pressure by a pressure pump (23) through a high-pressure-resistant adapter, the pressure plate I (12), the pressure plate II (13) and the pressure plate III (11) can be controlled by controlling the high-pressure-resistant adapter, specifically, an x-direction valve of the high-pressure-resistant adapter is opened, the pressure plate I (12) is driven to load x-direction simulated stress, then the x-direction valve is closed, the high-pressure-resistant adapter y-direction valve is opened, and the pressure plate II (13) is driven to load x-direction simulated stress, and then the y-direction valve is closed; and then opening a z-direction valve of the high-pressure-resistant adapter, driving a pressure plate III (11) to load the x-direction simulated stress, closing the z-direction valve, and carrying out stress loading on the rock core test piece (15) through the x-direction, y-direction and z-direction pistons so as to simulate the triaxial stress condition of the reservoir.
6. The method for testing induced stress of the multi-fracture three-dimensional space according to claim 1, wherein: in the mounting step, the stress strain rosette (18) is in data connection with a high-speed static strain data acquisition instrument.
7. The method for testing induced stress of the multi-fracture three-dimensional space according to claim 6, wherein: in the installation step, the liquid storage container II (6) is a piston cylinder, the low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump (3) pumps liquid into the upper portion of the piston cylinder, fracturing liquid for simulation sites is filled into the lower portion of the piston cylinder, the liquid storage container I (1) is connected with the liquid inlet end of the low-flow constant-pressure pump (3), the liquid outlet end of the low-flow constant-pressure pump (3) is connected with the upper end of the liquid storage container II (6), and the lower end of the liquid storage container II (6) is connected with the port of the fracturing pipe through a high-pressure-resistant pipeline.
8. The method for testing induced stress in a multi-fracture three-dimensional space according to claim 7, wherein: the high-pressure-resistant pipeline between the liquid storage container I (1) and the liquid inlet end of the low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump (3) is provided with a switch valve I (2), the high-pressure-resistant pipeline between the liquid outlet end of the low-flow constant-pressure pump (3) and the upper end of the liquid storage container II (6) is provided with a switch valve II (5) and a pressure relief valve, and the pressure relief valve is connected with a pressure relief water tank (8) through a pressure relief pipeline (7).
9. The method for testing induced stress in a multi-fracture three-dimensional space according to claim 8, wherein: in the testing step, a switch valve I (2) and a switch valve II (5) of the fracturing pump injection device are opened, a low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump (3) is started, and fracturing fluid is injected into a fracturing pipe.
10. The method for testing induced stress of the multi-fracture three-dimensional space according to claim 1, wherein: in the data analysis step, the low-flow constant-current constant-pressure pump (3) is closed after the experiment is judged to be finished, and the pressure of the injection end of the fracturing pipe is determined to be zero; and simultaneously, pressure relief is carried out through a stress pressure relief pipeline (7), and the clamping pressure of the rock core test piece (15) in three directions is respectively unloaded.
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